Cognitive and creative research project “The magical properties of a magnet. Research project “interesting things nearby” My future plans

Project language:

I was interested: what is a magnet? What are its features and properties? What are magnets for? I divided the collected material into 4 chapters: Chapter 1 - what a magnet is, the history of the discovery of magnetism, how magnets are made; Chapter 2 - the course of experiments and experiments conducted by me; Chapter 3 – area of ​​application of magnets; Chapter 4 – magnetic properties of our planet. So, a magnet is a piece of metal that can attract other metal objects. A magnet has two poles, north and south. Opposite poles of two magnets attract, and like poles repel. More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Greeks learned of the existence of magnetite, a mineral that attracts iron. Man has learned not only to use natural magnets, but also to make artificial ones. Magnets are made by magnetizing pieces of steel or other alloys. The material undergoes heat treatment and is cooled in a strong magnetic field. Having cooled and hardened, it acquires all the properties of a magnet. The world's strongest magnet is located at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (USA). Its magnetic field is 250,000 times stronger than the Earth's magnetic field. Not only in literature, but also practically, I found answers to many questions. Here is one of the experiments proving the properties of magnets: 1) unlike poles of magnets attract, and like poles repel, 2) temporary transfer of magnetic properties occurs by contact. Thanks to these abilities, magnets are widely used in our lives and surround us everywhere. The discovery of magnetism was one of the most significant in science.

It all started when I was given a construction set from Geomag. It consists of metal balls and sticks that do not need to be fastened together with screws or in any other way. The parts of the designer “stick” to each other themselves. From it you can model and build various spatial figures. This construction set is based on magnetic properties.

And I became very interested: what is a magnet? What are its features? What properties does it have? What are magnets even for? Why do the parts of the construction set “stick” only to each other, but not to the wooden table?

And I began to study this topic under the guidance of my teacher, Nadezhda Vyacheslavovna Andreeva. While collecting material about magnets, I learned a lot. It turns out that a magnet has many useful properties, and we are faced with its effects every day. I divided the collected material into 4 chapters.

Chapter 1 describes what a magnet is, the history of the discovery of magnetism, and how magnets can be made.

Chapter 2 describes the course of experiments and experiments that I conducted while studying the properties of magnets.

Chapter 3 talks about the applications of magnets in our lives.

Chapter 4 describes the magnetic properties of our planet.

What is a magnet?

Magnet is a piece of metal that can attract other metal objects. Magnetism- a type of force, it is explained by the special arrangement of atoms in the metal. A magnet has two poles, north and south.

Opposite magnetic poles of two magnets attract, and like poles repel. All magnetic materials are made up of small groups of atoms called domains, like small magnets with north and south poles. When a material is magnetized, millions of its domains align in the same direction.

Magnetic field is the area around a magnet in which the action of its magnetic force and influence on other magnetic bodies is manifested. A magnetic field is also created by moving electric charges and direct electric current.

Discovery of magnetism

More than two thousand years ago, the ancient Greeks learned about the existence of magnetite, a mineral that is able to attract iron. The origin of the word “magnetite” is not fully established. Perhaps magnetite owes its name to the ancient Turkish city of Magnesia (now the Turkish city of Maniza), where this mineral was found. And there is another version: this mineral was first noticed by a Greek shepherd who was tending his flock on Mount Ida. He discovered that the nails that lined his sandals were attracted to the stones. His name was Magnes, and this name was preserved in the name of the magnetic mineral. Pieces of magnetite are called natural magnets. The strong magnetism of this mineral is due to the presence in its structure of divalent and trivalent iron atoms, which are able to exchange electrons with each other, creating a magnetic field.

Making magnets

Man has learned not only to use natural magnets, but also to make artificial ones. Magnets can be made by magnetizing pieces of steel or special alloys. Magnets are even made from rare earth elements, which are very rare and mined in small quantities.

The material undergoes heat treatment and is cooled in a strong magnetic field. Having cooled and hardened, it acquires all the properties of a magnet.

According to the production method, magnets are divided into sintered And magnetoplasts. Sintered magnets are manufactured using powder metallurgy technology and have high magnetic properties, but are expensive to manufacture and fragile. Magnetic plastics use a polymer filler to hold particles of a magnetic alloy. They have weaker magnetic properties, but are cheap, ductile and easy to process.

The world's strongest magnet is located at the Lawrence National Laboratory in Beckley (California, USA). Its magnetic field is 250,000 times stronger than the Earth's magnetic field.

Chapter 2.

Experiments.

The extraordinary ability of magnets to attract iron objects or stick to iron surfaces has always been surprising. Let's try to take a closer look at the properties and behavior of magnets. To do this, we will conduct a series of experiments.

• Is everyone attracted by magnets?
  • objects made of wood, metals, plastics, steel, paper, fabric
  • surfaces made of different materials: refrigerator door, cabinet door, wall, window glass.
  • Magnet suspended by a thread.
  • you need to bring the magnet to various objects and surfaces, observing its reaction.
  • some metal objects are attracted to a magnet, and some are not attracted to it; a magnet is attracted to some surfaces, but not to others
  • The magnet attracts objects made of iron, steel, nickel, chromium, cobalt or objects containing them in small quantities.
  • wood, glass, paper, fabric do not react to magnets.
  • A magnet is attracted to a large iron surface by itself, as if it were lighter.
• Does a magnet work through other materials?
  • magnet, glass jug, paper clip, water
  • Throw a paperclip into a jug of water and try to pull it out using a magnet. To do this, we will bring the magnet to the bottom of the jug at the level of the paperclip and slowly move the magnet upward along the wall.
  • The paperclip follows the movement of the magnet and rises upward until it approaches the surface of the water. And you can easily get it without getting your hands wet.
  • magnetic force acts through glass and through water. If the walls of the jug were metal, the paperclip would still move, but weaker, because part of the magnetic force would be absorbed by the wall of the jug.
  • magnet, table surface, large metal nut, cardboard box.
  • put the nut in a box and place it on the table. We will place the magnet under the table in the place where the box with the nut is located, and we will move it along the table.
  • the box moves along the trajectory of the magnet, which we set in motion.
  • a stick about 40 cm long, a magnet, threads, 2 needles, colored paper, scissors, cork plugs, toothpicks, tape, a basin, water.
  • Let's make a fishing rod from a stick, thread and magnet. Let's make a boat out of corks, securing them with a toothpick. Let's stick needles into the cork - these will be masts. Cut out the sails from colored paper and attach them to the mast with tape. Let's fill the basin with water and let the boat float, take a fishing rod in our hands and watch the boat.
  • the movement of the rod over the basin causes the boat to move, even if the rod does not touch them.
  • the magnetic force attracts the mast needles even at a distance and sets the boats in motion.
  • 3 magnets of different sizes, several identical coins, a table, a ruler.
  • Place the magnets on the table in a row, at a distance of 10 cm from each other. Let's put a ruler on the table and place the coins close to it, but at a sufficient distance from the magnets. We will slowly push the ruler with coins towards the magnets.
  • Some coins are attracted to a magnet at a great distance, others - only when they approach the magnets at a close distance.
  • magnets attract iron objects even at a certain distance. The larger the magnet, the greater the force of attraction and the greater the distance over which the magnet exerts its influence.
  • Newspaper, cloth, dish sponge, magnet, steel object.
  • you need to wrap the magnet in newspaper and see if it will attract a steel object. Repeat the experiment with other materials. Repeat again, but this time the layers of various materials covering the magnet should be thicker.
  • A magnet attracts an object through a thin layer of material, but stops attracting when the layer of material reaches a certain thickness.
  • The magnetic force has a certain intensity and can penetrate thin layers of some materials. But it cannot overcome thick layers of materials. This means that the magnet can be insulated to avoid its unwanted effects on other objects.
  • magnets of different shapes (horseshoe, circle, bar) and different sizes, small metal objects (paper clips, nails), boxes.
  • put nails or needles in one box, and paper clips in another. Let's take magnets to different boxes one by one and count how many similar objects each magnet can lift.
  • Some magnets lift more objects than others.
  • The shape and size of a magnet affects its strength. Horseshoe-shaped magnets are stronger than rectangular ones, which in turn are stronger than round ones. Among magnets that have the same shape, a larger magnet will be stronger.
  • Iron filings (filed from iron objects)
  • Magnet in the shape of a rectangular bar
  • Horseshoe magnet
  • Two pieces of cardboard
  • transparent adhesive tape, red and blue
  • two bar-shaped magnets
  • compass
  • two flat cardboard boxes of the same size
  • scissors
  • two pencils
  • leg-split
  • Two bar-shaped magnets
  • Toy car
  • Scotch
  • basin, water, bar magnet, flat plate (it should float in the basin without hitting its edges), colored adhesive tape
  • A bar-shaped magnet, two thick needles.
  • several needles, magnet, hard surface
  • Rub the needle along its entire length (in one direction only) against the end of the magnet 40 times
  • Let's bring the magnetized needle to the other needles.
  • As in the previous experiment, the magnetized needle attracts all the others.
  • Drop the magnetized needle onto a hard surface several times.
  • Let's bring the needle to the others again.
  • the needle has lost its magnetic force due to falling onto a hard surface. When friction occurs, the needle is magnetized, but impacts act on it in the opposite way. When magnetized, particles - domains acquire an ordered appearance, and impacts lead them to a disordered state, in which their magnetic properties are lost.
  • large needle, bar-shaped magnet, pliers,
  • Rub the needle along its entire length (in one direction only) against the end of the magnet 40 times. We bring the magnet alternately to the two ends of the needle. On one side the needle is attracted, on the other it is repelled.
  • Both halves of the broken needle behave like independent magnets with north and south poles.
  • Magnet, two nails.
  • Using a magnet, pick up a nail and bring it to another nail.
  • The first nail attracted the second one.
  • Now let's unhook the nail from the magnet, but keep it close.
  • The first nail still attracts the second, and they do not fall apart.
  • remove the magnet.
  • a nail, a bar-shaped magnet, a steel ball from a bearing.
  • Let's lean the ball against the magnet and feel how strong it is attracted.
  • Let's take a nail, touch the ball with it and pull it towards us.
  • The ball is attracted to the nail.
  • Magnet, paper clip, colored paper, tape, thread, pencil, scissors.
  • Draw a small kite on colored paper, cut it out, and attach a paper clip with tape. Cut a thread 30 cm long, tie one end to a paper clip, and attach the other to the table. Let's bring a magnet from above to the kite.
  • The kite rises and turns towards the magnet.
  • The magnetic force is greater than the force of gravity holding the kite on the table.

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Let's do another experiment:

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Conclusion:

This happens because the magnetic force of the magnet, passing through the surface of the table, attracts the steel nut and causes the box to follow the movement of the magnet. Thus, magnetic force can pass through objects or substances.

3) Can a magnet attract from a distance?

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4) Comparison of the strengths of different magnets.

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5) Is it possible to insulate a magnet?

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6) What does the strength of a magnet depend on?

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7) Do all magnets have the same strength?

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Progress of the experiment:

Place a rectangular magnet on the cardboard.

Place metal shavings on the cardboard and tap it with your finger.

We will do the same on another cardboard with another magnet.

Result:

Most of the sawdust will be collected at the ends of both magnets, a smaller part will be dispersed along the entire magnet.

Conclusion:

Magnetic force is concentrated at the poles, that is, at the ends of the magnet. The farther from the poles, the weaker the magnetic force. Metal filings are arranged around the magnet along lines that show us the area of ​​activity of the magnet.

8) Why do magnets sometimes repel each other?

Need to:

Progress of the experiment:

We hang the magnet as shown in the figure and wait until it stops. Let's compare the direction of the compass needle and the magnet. We stick a piece of red tape on the pole of the bar, oriented like a compass needle, and a piece of blue tape on the opposite pole. Let's do the same with the second magnet.

Let us first bring the identically colored magnet poles closer to each other, then the differently colored ones.

Result:

Poles of the same color repel, poles of different colors attract.

Progress of the experiment:

Let's put the magnets in boxes, close them and mark the corresponding poles on the outside with colored tape.

Place two pencils on one of the boxes, matching the colors of the marks on the two boxes.

We secure the two boxes with transparent tape. After that, take out the pencils and click on the top box.

Result:

The upper box tends to push away from the lower one.

Conclusion:

This happens because the poles of each magnet have opposite signs (positive and negative). Poles of opposite signs attract, while poles of the same signs repel. Since the poles of magnets of the same sign in the boxes are aligned, the boxes repel one another.

9) Action at a distance.

Need to:

Progress of the experiment:

We will attach one magnet to the car, and we will use the other magnet to move the van.

Result:

When we bring poles of the same name together, the van moves forward, when opposite poles move backward.

Conclusion:

This happens because the movement of the van is determined by the magnetic force and occurs either towards the magnet that is in the hands (two unlike poles attract) or in the opposite direction (two like poles repel).

10) What makes the magnetic needle of a compass move?

Need to:

Progress of the experiment:

Fill the basin with water and place a plate with a magnet attached to the center onto its surface. Let's spin the plate and wait until it stops.

Place tape of the appropriate colors on the edges of the basin. Let's spin the plate again.

Result:

When the plate stops, the poles of the magnet will again coincide with the marks made earlier.

Conclusion:

This happened because the magnetic force of the Earth forces all freely moving magnets to orient their poles, one to the North, the other to the South.

11) Is it possible to magnetize an object?

Need to:

Progress of the experiment:

With one end of the bar you need to rub both needles about 40 times (you need to rub all the time in the same direction).

Let's bring the needles one to the other, first from the eye, then from the tip.

Result:

The needles either attract or repel, depending on the approaching ends.

Conclusion:

This is because rubbing with a magnet caused them to become magnetized. They behave like two magnets, mutually attracting or repelling, depending on the approaching poles. Any iron or steel object can be magnetized by rubbing the object against one of the poles of a magnet.

12) Can a magnet lose its strength?

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Result:

13) Can a magnet have one pole?

Need to:

Progress of the experiment:

Break the needle into two halves and again bring the magnet to both ends of each half.

Result:

Conclusion:

Magnets consist of countless elementary magnets, which have their own north and south poles. Even if we divide the magnet into tiny pieces, each of them will retain two poles. This observation shows that magnetism is a property of the smallest particles of a magnet, that is, its constituent atoms.

14) Is it possible to transmit magnetic force?

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Progress of the experiment:

Result:

The nails fall apart and the second nail falls.

Conclusion:

When in contact with the magnet, the first nail becomes magnetized and serves as a magnet for the second nail. In the second case, the magnetic force of the magnet also acts through the air and is transmitted to the nails. When the magnet is removed, the effect of the magnetic force is lost.

15) Exchange of magnetism

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This is because the strength of the magnet is transferred to the nail and makes it stronger than the magnet itself.

16) Can magnetic force resist gravity?

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Thus, during the experiments, the following properties of magnets were revealed:

• magnets act on objects made of iron, steel and some other metals;
• magnetic force can pass through objects or substances;
• the magnet exerts its effect even at a distance, depending on its power;
• the magnetic force can be neutralized if the magnet is insulated with a dense layer of non-magnetizable material;
• The strength of a magnet depends on its shape and size;
• the magnetic force is most intense at the ends of the magnet, that is, at the poles;
• opposite poles of magnets attract, like poles repel;
• The earth behaves like a big magnet;
• any iron or steel object can be magnetized by friction against one of the poles of the magnet;
• a magnet may lose magnetic force if subjected to shock;
• in magnets, the north and south poles are always located at two opposite ends;
• temporary transfer of magnetic properties can occur by contact;
• magnetic force can defeat gravity.

Also, while reading the literature, I discovered that magnetism and electricity are closely related to each other.

Previously it was believed that magnetism and electricity were two different phenomena. But at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Dane Oersted and the Frenchman Ampere discovered a very close connection between them: electric current can also create a magnetic field. The magnetic force created by electricity has the great advantage that it can be interrupted by turning off the power simply by turning a switch. All electric motors operate through the interaction of magnetism and electricity.

Electricity and magnetism are two different sides of the same phenomenon: electromagnetism. The electromagnetic force holds the atoms together in molecules. This force is very important, because the entire world around us consists of molecules!

Chapter 3.

Scope of application of magnets.

The scope of application of magnets is very wide. You probably use magnets to attach notes to your refrigerator door. Magnets hold cabinet doors in the closed position. Magnets are built into the motors of all children's moving toys, DVD players, watches, elevators.

Video and audio cassettes are also magnetic because their tape is covered with tiny magnets. The recording head orients the magnets on the film so that when they pass through the playback head, they create electrical signals, which are then converted into sound.

The discs use a magnetic-optical recording method. The laser remagnetizes areas of the disk's surface, creating a pattern of differently oriented magnetic domains on it.

Magnets are used in chemical and medical laboratories where it is necessary to mix sterile substances in small quantities. A sterile steel plate is placed in a test tube, and a magnet is placed under it, which, by rotating, sets the plate in motion in the test tube. This way the substance is mixed.

Magnets are also used in scanning devices that are used in medicine to create images of internal organs. These are magnetic resonance imaging scanners.

Magnets, due to the fact that magnetic force acts through substances, are used in the construction and repair of underwater structures. With their help, it is very convenient to secure and lay a cable or keep a tool at hand.

Magnets are used in supermarkets. They are attached to clothing, household appliances, and on the packaging of medicines and perfumes. Such goods cannot be taken out of the store without payment, since a sound signal will be emitted when passing through control. Demagnetization is performed at the checkout after payment for the goods.

Huge magnets are used to sort scrap metal intended for melting down. This uses their enormous lifting force and ability to attract iron and steel.

Magnetic levitation trains move without touching the rails due to the phenomenon of magnetic repulsion. Friction on the rails does not slow down their movement. These are very high-speed trains, they do not have wheels.

Most electricity is generated in power plants by magnets rotating between wire windings and inducing an electric current. Magnets are also used in nuclear energy.

A compass is used to navigate the terrain. A compass is a device that consists of a magnetized needle (arrow) mounted on a point of rotation. It was invented by the Chinese more than 4,000 years ago. But they began to use a compass only about 1000 years ago. The compass needle always points north. A compass helps travelers not to get lost both at sea and in the forest.

Even the telegraph, invented in 1873 by Samuel Morse, is based on electromagnetism. The principle of operation of the device: during transmission, the key contacts turn on the electromagnet at the other end of the line. When you press the key quickly, a dot is imprinted on the receiving device tape; when you press it longer, a dash is imprinted. Morse developed a code consisting of dots and dashes. It made it possible to transmit and receive any text. It was a revolutionary invention at the time.

In addition, our planet Earth is a huge magnet. I will talk about this in detail in the next chapter.

Chapter 4.

The earth is a huge magnet.

Under our feet there is a huge magnet with two magnetic poles. It is they who orient compass needles and give us unforgettable spectacles of the auroras... Our planet has a huge magnetic field created by electric currents inside its core. The core is made of iron and nickel, and rotates with the globe. Magnetic field lines go from one pole to the other. The compass needle is oriented along these lines.

The magnetic north pole, which the compass needle points to, does not exactly coincide with the geographic pole and is located on Batharst Island in Canada, 1900 km from the geographic pole. The south magnetic pole is located in the sea, 2600 km from the geographic pole. The position of the magnetic poles is not constant; over millennia they wander and change places: the South Pole becomes the North Pole and vice versa, the North Pole becomes the South Pole. This happens once every 500 million years (magnetic epochs) or every 4-5 thousand years (magnetic phenomena).

Traces of these phenomena remain in rocks containing ferruginous minerals, especially in rocks of volcanic origin. When lava cools and hardens after an eruption, it becomes magnetized in the direction of the magnetic field existing at that time.

Magnetosphere called the layer of the atmosphere that extends at an altitude of about 500 km. In it, electrically charged particles arriving to us from the Sun are captured due to the action of the earth's magnetic field. Above this layer there is another layer, magnetopause, in which the effect of the earth's magnetic field is not felt so strongly.

Polar Lights.

Aurora occurs when charged particles from the solar wind, driven by the Earth's magnetic field, enter the atmosphere near the magnetic poles, where they collide with air molecules, causing them to glow.

Auroras are one of the most beautiful light phenomena in nature, which is why they have attracted the attention of man throughout history. Mentions of auroras can be found in the works of Aristotle, Pliny, Seneca and other ancient philosophers.
For a long time, auroras were considered as harbingers of disasters - epidemics, famine and wars. For example, this phenomenon was associated with the fall of Jerusalem and the death of Julius Caesar. In any case, this was seen as a manifestation of the wrath of the gods or other supernatural forces. People living in places where the aurora is not uncommon tried to explain its appearance naturally. For example, it has been suggested that this is the reflection of sunlight from the sea surface or the radiation of solar rays accumulated during the day in the ice.
In the Russian North, auroras were called pasors or with flashes. The first of these words indicates the similarity of the phenomenon in question with dawns, and the second comes from the word “to stir,” that is, to disturb, disturb, raise alarm. Indeed, during aurorae the sky can turn red, like in a fire. There are known cases when the red aurora was mistaken for the glow of a fire and fire crews went to a huge glow in the northern part of the horizon.
Most often, auroras take the form of ribbons or spots resembling clouds. A more intense glow takes the form of ribbons, which turn into spots as the intensity decreases.
Based on the brightness of the aurora, they are divided into four classes, differing from each other by 10 times. The first class includes barely noticeable auroras, similar in brightness to the Milky Way. The fourth class lights can be compared in brightness to the full Moon.
The auroras are also accompanied by strong eddy currents over vast areas of space. As a result, strong magnetic fields are induced and so-called magnetic storms develop. Bright flashes of light may be accompanied by sounds similar to crackling. Strong changes in the ionosphere affect the quality of radio communications.

In most cases it gets worse.

Magnetic susceptibility of animals.

Electricity and magnetism are two natural forces that often play an unseen but vital role in the existence of many animals. Scientists have always believed that the mineral magnetite can only be created in the bowels of the earth, in magma, at high pressure and temperature. No one could have imagined that any animals could synthesize this substance. But in the early 1960s, Professor Heinz Lowenstam at the California Institute of Technology made a remarkable discovery. He discovered an animal that produced magnetite within itself. While studying the primitive chiton molluscs, Lowenstam discovered that the teeth on their ribbon-shaped tongue consisted of magnetite, also called magnetic iron ore. He suggested that chitons synthesize this mineral on their own. Studies have shown that magnetite teeth help them orient their body position according to the geomagnetic field of the planet. California chitons attach to rocks, oriented north.

Honey bees also contain magnetite in their tissues. In 1970, zoologist Joseph Kirschwing showed that magnetite is contained in the bee's abdominal cells, forming a belt. The bees, swaying in a dance and returning to the hive, in this way indicate to their relatives in the colony where to find nectar. This behavior of bees is due to their ability to sense the Earth's magnetic field.

Orientation of birds in flight.

Among the numerous hypotheses put forward by scientists to explain how birds navigate on their long-distance flights, there is this one: birds know how to use the Earth’s magnetic field. The most famous magnetically sensitive creatures are birds, and most of all among them carrier pigeons. Even deprived of their usual landmarks and the ability to navigate by the Sun, pigeons still find their way to home and return if their sense of the magnetic field is intact. They conducted an experiment, attached a magnet to the bird's head, changing the polarity of the magnetic lines, and the pigeon flew in the opposite direction from the house.

An artificial magnetic field can throw migrating birds off course. The magnetic receptors of birds are still poorly studied. Magnetite particles have been found in the beak and skull bones of pigeons and passerines.

Among animals, not only birds, but also many marine life are also sensitive to magnetism. The first magnetic receptors linking magnetite to the nervous system and behavior were discovered recently: in 19997 at the University of Auckland. While studying the brown char fish, researchers discovered magnetite in its brain, showing that this fish is also sensitive to magnetism.

Conclusions.

I found answers to many questions that worried me at the beginning of studying this topic. In a practical way, I studied some of the properties and abilities of magnets.

Thanks to these abilities, magnets are very widely used in our lives. They, like real magicians or magic wands, are used in everyday life, in medicine, in construction, in the energy sector, in the transport industry, and in geology. They surround us everywhere. I believe that the discovery of magnetism was one of the most significant discoveries in science.

Now I know that magnets and magnetic phenomena are studied in the physics section “Electromagnetism”. There are a lot of complex formulas and rules that I don’t understand yet. But this topic interested me very much, and I would like to continue studying it in high school.

Items:

Larisa Anatolyevna Voronova
Educational and research project “Miracle Magnet”

RESEARCH WORK COMPETITION FOR SENIOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN "YOUNG RESEARCHER"

(2016/17 academic year)

COGNITIVE AND RESEARCH PROJECT

PLACE OF PERFORMANCE:

MBDOU "Pautovsky kindergarten" "Sun"

Relevance. This topic is relevant because in the educational process experimentation is a teaching method that allows a child to model in his mind a picture of the world based on his own observations, experiences, and the establishment of interdependencies and patterns. Children actively work with a magnet, without thinking about its properties, the history of its appearance, or its significance in human life.

In preschool age during development cognitive activity, the child develops a desire to learn and discover as much new things as possible. The topic of studying magnets and its application has become relevant. Magnet is a child-friendly and universal material, widely used in children's toys and construction sets. Children actively work with magnets, but despite this they do not have enough knowledge about magnets, their properties and uses. Children have a desire and need to use objects made of magnets. To do this, there is a need to enrich the subject-spatial environment and cultivate vital activity in children.

Problem: The first acquaintance with a magnet occurred when the children approached the magnetic board and began to move the magnetic holders. At first, the children were interested in the games themselves, but then they became interested in why everything was holding together so firmly.

And so, the children wanted to find out what a magnet is, what secrets it keeps within itself.

Hypothesis: Let's assume that a magnet is an object that creates a magnetic field, has the property of attracting other objects and is widely used in human life.

Target project: Give children an idea of ​​the properties of a magnet. Develop educational children's activity in the process of learning about the properties of a magnet. To promote mastery of techniques for practical interaction with surrounding objects, developing mental activity and observation.

TASKS PROJECT

Educational:

Introduction to the concept "magnet".

Formation of ideas about the properties of a magnet (magnetism, magnetic forces).

Updating knowledge about the use of magnet properties by humans.

Developmental:

Develop educational the child’s activity in the process of learning about the hidden properties of a magnet.

Develop curiosity, logical thinking and the desire for independence knowledge and reflection.

Educational:

Cultivate friendly relationships and a desire to help others.

Cultivate accuracy in work and compliance with safety regulations.

To foster independence, initiative, activity, a sense of teamwork, and mutual understanding.

Methods project: playful, creative, problem-searching, experimental.

TYPE PROJECT

According to the dominant activity project: educational - research.

Participants project: children of the senior group of MBDOU "Pautovsky kindergarten" "Sun", educators, parents.

By time: short term.

By the nature of contacts: within the framework of MBDOU, intragroup.

Implementation strategy project:

The project is carried out on the basis of MBDOU kindergarten "Sun" in the senior group under the guidance of a teacher.

Project is implemented in the joint activities of children - teachers - parents, as well as in the independent activities of each participant project.

Expected Result:

Actively and kindly interact with the teacher and peers when conducting research activities, build a game action, accompanying it with speech. Ability to work independently in a team, strive to achieve knowledge, reflection, logical thinking, justify your answer.

Stages and timing of implementation.

Stage 1. Preparatory;

Stage 2 Practical;

Stage 3. Final.

Stage 1. Preparatory

We got acquainted with the topic, highlighted its relevance, and planned activities.

Selection of methodological, fiction and children's literature.

Replenishment of development environment:

didactic, educational games "Magnetic ABC", "Magnetic mosaic".

Development of an elective activity « Miracle magnet» .

Working with parents to interact within project.

A selection of stories and illustrations on the topic "Experiments, experimentation with a magnet"

Preparation of didactic and practical material for conducting experiments.

Stage 2. Practical

The practical stage of work consists of a number of directions:

Teacher's work with children

Reading a fairy tale "Dreams of a Magnet". Legends about magnets.

Watching a cartoon "Fixies" ("Magnet", "Compass").

Optional activity « Miracle magnet» (experiments with magnets).

Games with magnetic alphabet, mosaic.

Stage 3. Final

Replenishing the development environment with magnetic games.

Definition of effectiveness project;

Presentation « Miracle magnet» ;

Creation of a magnetic theater "Kolobok".

Homework: making fairy tale characters for the theater using magnets.

Methodological support project.

The Big Book of Experiments for Children / Ed. Antonella Meijani; Per. with it. E.I. Motyleva. – M.: ZAO "ROSMAN-PRESS", 2006.

Everything about everything. Popular encyclopedia for children. Volume 7 – Moscow, 1994.

Dic.academic.ru›dic.nsf/enc_colier/5789/MAGNETS

Kumskovskaya I. E., Sovgir N. N. Children's experimentation. – M., 2003.

Dybina O.V., Rakhmanova N.P., Shchetinina V.V. The unknown is nearby. – M., 2001.

Kiseleva A. S., Danilina T. A., Ladoga T. S., Zuikova M. B. design method in the activities of preschool education. – M., 2004.

Big Book "Why"/ edited by A. V. Veselova. Publishing house in: COMPANY "ROSMAN" 2014.

Application

Informative– research activities.

SUMMARY OF AN OPTIONAL CLASS WITH CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE.

SUBJECT: “MIRACLE - MAGNET”.

Goals:

Develop mental operations, the ability to draw conclusions;

Activate children's vocabulary;

Reinforce ideas about a magnet and its ability to attract objects.

Tasks:

To develop children’s ability to conduct purposeful activities - to find objects whose properties meet subject requirements (attracted to magnet);

Expand funds knowledge and children's natural science experiences related to knowledge of the properties of materials from which objects are made.

Progress of the lesson

I want to tell you something interesting legend: In the old days they said that there was a huge mountain at the edge of the world, right next to the sea. At the foot of this mountain, a long time ago, people found stones with unprecedented power - to attract certain objects to themselves.

Not far from the mountain was the city of Magnesia, in which the brave knight Magnitolik lived. Like all knights, he wore armor made of iron, and therefore was not afraid of anything, neither enemy arrows nor wild animals.

Magnitolik walked boldly wherever he wanted. There’s only one place I’ve never been to before – near that very mountain. Since childhood, his mother told him that not a single knight passed her can't pass. The mountain attracts them to itself and never lets go...

But Magnitolik was very brave, and he was curious about what kind of witchcraft was hidden in this place, so he bet that past the mountain will pass and will return to the city safe and sound.

But no matter how strong and brave Magnitolik was, the mountain still pulled him towards itself.

Magnitolik was not only brave, but also smart. He found a way to free himself from her and freed all the knights.

Guys, did you guess the name of this mountain?

What way did Magnitolik find to free himself from this mountain? (removed armor made of iron).

A magnet is a stone that can attract metal objects. A magnet has a north and south pole. Even if you break a magnet, it will still have a north and south pole. A magnet only attracts objects made of iron and steel. The area around a magnet is called the magnetic field. This is the zone in which the force of its attraction acts. The forces that attract objects are called magnetic forces.

Reading a poem "Magnet":

Mommy and I are craftsmen:

We are doing sewing.

Either with needles or knitting needles

We sew clothes all day.

And yesterday it was completely by chance

We lost the needle.

They searched for her all day

And they came up with a game.

If we take a magnet

He pulls and beckons.

Found everything under the bench

And rings and a pin.

Even in cracks and dust

Dad's nuts were found.

It turned out to be a whole holiday.

What a naughty magnet!

“Here in front of you is an ordinary magnet,

He keeps many secrets within himself.”

If a magnet is so strong and attracts iron objects, then maybe it should also attract other objects?

To check this, let's let's experiment:

“The important thing is experimentation!

Every moment of it is interesting to us.”

Study “How to get a paperclip out of water without getting your hands wet”

Hypothesis: introduce children to the properties of a magnet in water.

Conclusion: Water does not interfere with the action of the magnet. Magnets act on iron and steel even if they are separated from it by water.

Study “Is everything attracted by a magnet?”

Conclusion: Magnets have the ability to attract objects made of iron or steel, nickel and some other metals. Wood, plastic, paper, fabric do not react to magnets. The ability of a magnet to attract objects is called magnetic attraction.

Study "The Power of a Magnet"

Hypothesis: Is it possible to use a magnet to build a chain of objects connected to each other?

Conclusion: There is a magnetic field around a magnet. Metal objects, being near a magnet, became magnetized and became magnets too. They have magnetic properties for a short time.

Study "Magnetic needle".

Hypothesis: Can an arrow show direction using a magnet?

Conclusion: Floating freely in the water, the needle will turn in the same direction as the magnet.

Study “Does the magnet have obstacles?”

A filled container with various substances (sand, cereals, stones, water, at the bottom of which metal objects are placed. Children lower the magnet into the container.

Conclusion: A magnet can attract and pull out objects from sand, buckwheat, peas. The magnet is not afraid of obstacles.

Experience is a game "Magnetic Races"

Hypothesis: Is it possible to move objects using a magnet?

Conclusion: A magnet forms a magnetic attraction that acts through an obstacle.

Experience "Don't get your hands wet"

Place a paper clip in a glass of water. And then you need to move the magnet along the outside of the glass. The paperclip follows the upward movement of the magnet.

Conclusion: Magnetic force passes through water and glass.

Experience "Why do two magnets sometimes repel each other?"

Bring two magnets close to each other. Turn one of the magnets over to the other side and bring the magnets closer to each other again.

Conclusion: Every magnet, even the smallest one, has two poles - north and south. The North Pole is usually colored blue, and the South Pole red.

In one case the magnets attract, in the other they repel.

Experience - experiment "Paper boats"

There are paper clips on the boat, and they are metal, which means the magnet attracts them. I wonder if a magnet can attract boats through a thick wooden tabletop?

Conclusion: Magnet acts through obstacle (the table is an obstacle).

So we found out why the magnet is called magic

All we have to do is figure out what the magnet is for?

Medicine

"Use of magnets in medicine"

Magnets are used in many medical devices. To create them, high-power permanent magnets are used; they allow you to achieve a uniform magnetic field without consuming electricity. Magnets are also very often used in the treatment of complex bone fractures. A magnetic method for removing metal particles from the eye is widely used. Magnetic bracelets that have a beneficial effect on patients with blood pressure disorders.

At home:

In audio systems, such as headphones, magnets help create powerful sound, and in electric guitars.

Our refrigerator doors also have magnets inside them to help them stick better. It is the magnets that prevent the refrigerator doors from opening and tightly press the nail polish with magnetic particles. To create a pattern, you just need to bring a magnet. Magnets are also used to secure cutlery in the kitchen.

Magnets are used in metal detectors. The military is looking for hidden mines and shells in the ground.

Stage 3 final

Theatricalization of a fairy tale on magnets "Kolobok"

Fairy tale “Kolobok”

I will tell you an old fairy tale, in a new “magnetic” way. The fairy tale is called “Kolobok”.

Once upon a time there lived an old man and an old woman. They didn't have children. They decided to make themselves an assistant. For a long time they thought about what to make it from, paper, fabric, wood...

But they lived so poorly that they didn’t have anything.

The old woman was already chalking and chalking about the barn, scraping along the bottom of the tree, all over the room - she found nothing. I got tired and went to bed. The old man swept the shed and picked out some nuts, bolts and screws.

Sighed: “Are you going to make anything out of this?” He opened the stove, threw a handful of pieces of iron in there, and went to bed.

The next morning we got up again, got ready to light the stove, opened it to put in the wood, and there was a “bun” lying there, not a simple one, but an iron one. The old people were happy. And he began to help them with the housework.

But the bun turned out to be inquisitive. One day he asked to go for a walk and see the light. Rolls, rolls and sings its song:

I am a bun, a bun,

I am an iron side.

I want to go for a walk,

Know everything in the world.

The hare heard his song. Speaks: “Kolobok, iron side, I’ll eat you!” He grabbed it, but couldn’t even tear it off the ground, the bun was so heavy, and too hard for a hare’s teeth. So the hare was left with nothing, and the bun rolled on.

Rolls, rolls, and towards him wolf: “Kolobok, Kolobok, I’ll eat you!” He grabbed the bun, lifted it slightly, but couldn’t hold it, dropped it straight onto his paws. The wolf squealed, and at that time the bun rolled further.

The bun rolls and rolls, and towards it bear: “Kolobok, Kolobok, and I’ll eat you!” He grabbed the kolobok, put it in his pocket, walked away and thought, “Now I’ll go further into the woods, sit on a stump and eat the kolobok.” A path in the forest led near Magnetic Mountain. A bear is walking, dreaming of how he will eat the kolobok, and he didn’t even notice how the Magnetic Mountain pulled the kolobok out of his pocket. The bun is stuck to the mountain and cannot free itself. And then a fox ran past the mountain. He sees that the bun has become magnetized to the mountain. She really wanted to eat. She ran up and tried to tear it away, but it didn’t work. She walked around him and sniffed him and licked him. I just broke my teeth. I tapped it and liked the ringing sound it made. Sings a song. Grandfather heard this song; he had been looking for a kolobok for a long time. He pulled out the magnet, lifted it to the kolobok, pulled it, and took it home.

Since then they began to live together. An old man and an old woman are rejoicing. That's the end of the fairy tale!

What are the heroes of my fairy tale made of? (From paper).

What screen? (Paper).

What is the secret of my fairy tale, why did the paper characters move across the paper screen? (Reveal the secret to the children)

Homework: Cut out any heroes of Russian folk tales and glue a metal plate on the back side. We will come up with and show new fairy tales.

At the end of the lesson, I give all the children a magnet and invite them to examine the group.

Natalia Nikitenko
Cognitive and creative research project “Magical properties of a magnet”

Municipal state preschool educational institution "Kindergarten No. 10" combined species of Karabash

Project

Subject: "Amazing magnet properties»

Completed: teacher

preparatory group "IN"

N. V. Nikitenko

View project: creatively – informative, research.

Term: long term (December)

Participants project: teachers, children of the preparatory group "IN".

Relevance:

This topic is relevant because in the educational process experimentation is a teaching method that allows a child to model in his mind a picture of the world based on his own observations, experiences, and the establishment of interdependencies and patterns. Children actively work with magnet without thinking about it properties, history of appearance, significance in human life.

In preschool age during development cognitive activity, the child develops a desire to learn and discover as much new things as possible. Topic of study magnet and its application has become relevant. Magnet- a child-friendly and universal material, widely used in children's toys and construction sets. Children actively work with magnet, but despite this they do not have enough knowledge about magnets, his properties and use. Children have a desire and need to use objects made from magnet. To do this, there is a need to enrich the subject-spatial environment and cultivate vital activity in children.

Target:

Give children an idea of properties of a magnet. Develop educational children's activity in the process of getting to know each other properties of a magnet. To promote mastery of techniques for practical interaction with surrounding objects, developing mental activity and observation.

Tasks:

1. Learn to examine an object and experiment with it; form an idea about properties of a magnet; introduce concepts« magnet» , « magnetism» , « magnetic forces» .

2. Develop mental operations, the ability to put forward hypotheses, draw conclusions; activate children's vocabulary.

3. Contribute to the development of independence and the development of communication skills; cultivate accuracy in work and adherence to safety regulations.

Planned result:

During implementation project children will know what objects can it attract to itself? magnet, as a result of experiments the importance will be established magnet in everyday life, its diversity and significance. Children will strive to be independent knowledge and reflection, logical thinking, the ability to highlight an unnecessary subject and justify your answer.

Experiment with magnet.

« Magnet properties» .

the date of the: 05.12.2015

Supervisor: N.V. Nikitenko

Target: Introduce children to the properties of a magnet through experiences and experiments.

Tasks:

1. Form an idea about properties of a magnet.

2. Enrich children's knowledge of use properties of a magnet by humans.

3. Continue to teach independently, implement possible solutions in line with experimental activities; check these decisions; draw conclusions with the results of this test with objects.

4. Develop educational child's activity in the process of getting to know hidden properties of a magnet; speech, attention, logical thinking, curiosity.

Equipment: metal, plastic, glass, wooden objects; magnets, containers, sand, glass of water, nail.

Progress of the lesson:

Educator: Guys, I received a parcel today, and there is a strange letter in it. The parcel came to us from the Flower City, where Dunno and his friends live. Vintik and Shpuntik wanted to build a new machine for clearing snow, but Dunno mixed up all the parts, now iron, wood, plastic and other objects lie together.

What do we do? How to help little friends?

Children's answers: Select all iron items.

Educator: How can you distinguish iron parts from the rest?

Children's answers: In terms of weight, they are heavier than others; they drown in water; can you use magnet, it attracts iron.

Educator: So how can we help our little friends?

Children's answers: Must be carried out magnet above objects and iron parts will be attracted.

Educator: Let's check.

Physical education minute.

Educator – magnet, children iron objects, when appearing magnet(teacher) iron objects (children) are attracted (run to the teacher, overcoming obstacles on their way).

Children spend magnet over objects, and iron parts are attracted to magnets.

Educator: Tell me, what did you do? And what happened?

Children's answers: Conducted magnet over objects, and all iron objects were attracted to him. Means, magnet attracts iron objects.

Educator: Have you seen how magnet attracts iron objects, why does this happen?

Children's answers: Because they are affected magnetic forces.

Experiment result: Around magnet contains a magnetic field. It acts on all iron objects and attracts them.

Now try to get the objects hidden in the sand. Get started.

Children spend over the sand magnet, and iron objects hidden under the sand are attracted to it.

Educator: Tell us what you did and what you received?

Children's answers: Conducted magnet above the sand and a nail hidden in the sand was attracted to him.

Experiment result: Magnetic forces pass through the sand.

Will they pass through the water? magnetic forces? Check using magnet.

Children spend magnet over water, iron parts located at the bottom are attracted to magnet.

Educator: Tell us what you did and what happened?

Children's answers: Held over a glass of water magnet and nail, lying in the water, was attracted.

Experiment result: Means, magnetic forces pass through water.

Experiment with magnet.

« Magnet and its amazing properties» .

the date of the: December 26, 2015

Supervisor: N.V. Nikitenko.

Target: To form children’s ideas about magnet.

Tasks:

1. Develop children’s abilities, conduct purposeful activities - find objects, properties which meet the subject requirements (attracted to magnet) .

2. Develop mental operations and the ability to draw conclusions.

3. Consolidate acquired knowledge in practical (experimental) children's activities.

Equipment: paper clips, glass of water, magnet, coins, cardboard, bowl of water, paper boat, needle.

Progress of the lesson:

Educator: Guys, today we will visit our laboratory and continue our work, we will experiment, do experiments.

Listen to the riddle:

I grab you in a tight hug

Metal brothers I

Children's answers: magnet.

Educator: In the old days they said that there was a huge mountain at the edge of the world, right next to the sea. At the foot of this mountain, a long time ago, people found stones with unprecedented power - to attract certain objects to themselves. Not far from the mountain there was a city in which a brave knight lived. Like all knights, he wore armor made of iron, and therefore was not afraid of anything, neither enemy arrows nor wild animals. He walked boldly wherever he wanted. There was only one place I had never been to before - near that very mountain. Since childhood, his mother told him that not a single knight passed her can't pass. The mountain attracts them to itself and never lets go. But the knight was very brave, and he was curious about what kind of witchcraft was hidden in this place, so he bet, past the mountain will pass and will return to the city safe and sound. But no matter how strong and brave the knight was, the mountain still pulled him to itself. The knight was not only brave, but also smart. He found a way to free himself from her and freed all the knights.

Guys, what was the name of this mountain?

Expected responses from children.

Educator: What way did the knight find to free himself from this mountain?

Children's answers: Took off his armor.

Educator: Guys, look what I found near the mountain (showing magnet) .

Here in front of you is an ordinary one magnet,

He keeps many secrets within himself.

What does it feel like?

Children's answers: Hard, cold, heavy, smooth.

Educator: What objects does it attract? magnet?

Children's answers: Metal.

Physical education minute.

Tick-tock, tick-tock

Who in the house can do this?

This is the pendulum in the clock,

Beats every beat (Tilts left and right.)

And there is a cuckoo sitting in the clock,

She has her own hut. (Children sit in a deep squat.)

The bird will crow for time,

He'll hide behind the door again, (Squats.)

The arrows move in a circle.

They don't touch each other. (Rotate your body to the right.)

You and I will turn around

Counterclockwise. (Rotate your body to the left.)

And the clock goes, goes, (Walk in place.)

Sometimes they suddenly fall behind. (Slow down your walking pace.)

And sometimes they are in a hurry,

It's like they want to run away! (Running in place.)

If they don't get started,

Then they completely stand up. (Children stop.)

Children and their teacher begin experimenting.

Educator: Guys, do you know how to get a metal object from the bottom of a glass without getting your hands wet? Now we will try to do this.

Children spend magnet along the wall of the glass and take out a paper clip.

Experiment result: Magnetic force passes through the glass.

« Magic magnet» . There is a coin on the cardboard, and under it magnet. Children

move magnet, the coin also moves.

Experiment result: Magnet works through cardboard.

In front of the children there is a bowl of water with a boat in it.

Educator: Why did the boat suddenly start floating on the water?

Children's answers: There is a metal needle attached to it, magnet pulls her towards him and leads the boat.

Educator: But we didn’t touch magnet to the needle?

Means, magnet can operate at a distance.

check it property on their boats. Children guide a boat on the water.

Experiment result: Magnetic force acts at a distance.

STRUCTURAL DIVISION "KINDERGARTEN "ALENUSHKA"

GBOU secondary school No. 2 named after. V. Maskina railway Art. Klyavlino

IN THE SENIOR GROUP ON THE TOPIC:

"MAGIC STONE MAGNET"

Project leaders:

Educator

Educator

April, 2016

“People who have learned... observations and experiments acquire

the ability to ask questions and get answers to them,

finding himself on a higher mental and moral level

in comparison with those who did not go through such school"

Project passport

Project type

1. By dominant activity: cognitive and research.

2. By duration: short-term (2 weeks).

3. Project participants: senior preschoolers, parents, teachers.

II. Relevance of the project:

This topic is relevant because in the educational process, experimentation is a teaching method that allows a child to model in his mind a picture of the world based on his own observations, experiences, and the establishment of interdependencies and patterns. Children actively work with a magnet, without thinking about its properties, the history of its appearance, or its significance in human life.

In preschool age, during the development process, the child develops a desire to learn and discover as much new things as possible.

III. Problem:

The Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education provides for the complete and harmonious development of an individual, integrated into the world and national culture, possessing key competencies, capable of self-realization and responsible behavior in contemporary society.

According to the Federal State Educational Standard for Additional Education, the educational area “Cognitive Development” includes the development of interests, curiosity and cognitive motivation; development of imagination and creative activity.

A child is born a researcher. His curiosity, desire to observe and experiment, to independently seek new information about the world around him are considered traits of child behavior.

“The best discovery is the one that a child makes himself”

Merson (American poet and philosopher).

Children of senior preschool age show great interest in experiments with magnets, and the topic of studying magnets and its application has become relevant.

Magnet is a child-friendly and universal material, widely used in children's toys and construction sets. Children actively work with magnets, but despite this they do not have enough knowledge about magnets, their properties and uses. Children have a desire and need to use objects made of magnets.

To do this, interest parents in joint experimental activities with children, involve them in doing creative homework, involve them in active participation in enriching the subject-development environment, and cultivate vital activity in children and parents.

IV. Hypothesis:

Let's assume that a magnet is an object that creates a magnetic field, has the property of attracting other objects and is widely used in human life.

V. Project goal:

Development of a child’s cognitive activity in the process of forming ideas about a magnet, its properties and use in medicine, technology, everyday life and in a group.

VI. Project objectives:

Introduction to the concept of “magnet”; Formation of ideas about the properties of a “magnet”; Updating knowledge about the use of magnet properties by humans; Formation of skills to acquire knowledge through practical experiments, draw conclusions, generalizations; Develop children's cognitive activity, curiosity, observation, fine motor skills;

Promote the active participation of each child in solving problem situations; Expand and deepen the child’s knowledge and ideas about the objects around him. Cultivate attentiveness, accuracy, and caution when working with dangerous objects. Developing cooperation skills.

VII. Expected Result:

They will learn to interact with the teacher and peers when conducting; Learn to work independently in a team; There will be a desire for knowledge; Logical thinking will develop, preschoolers’ vocabulary on the topic “Magnets” will be enriched; They will learn to draw conclusions and justify their answer.

PROJECT STAGES:

I. Preparatory – collection of information, material, replenishment of the experimental corner.

II. The main one is developing the content of classes with children, conversations, conducting experimentation classes, independent activity of children in the experimentation corner.

III. Final – presentation of the project, analysis of the results obtained, generalization of experience.

STAGES OF THE PROJECT:

I. Preparatory stage:

1. Development of a project plan for the “Magic Stone Magnet” project.

2. Development of a long-term thematic plan for working with children. Preparation of methodological literature.

3. A selection of stories, paintings, illustrations on the topic “Experiments, experimenting with a magnet.”

4. Preparation of didactic and practical material for conducting experiments.

5. Design of informational and educational material for parents in the form of sliding folders, material in the corner for parents.

6. Help from parents in setting up an experimentation corner.

II. Main stage:

Reading the fairy tale “Dreams of a Magnet.” The legend of the magnet. Presentation “Introduction to the natural origin of magnets.” Learning a poem about a magnet. Watching the cartoon “The Fixies” (“Magnet”, “Compass”). Conducting experiments with magnets. Games with magnetic constructor, alphabet, mosaic. NOD "Journey to the Land of Magnets".

III. The final stage:

Project presentations. Creation of a card index of experiments.

APPLICATION

INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CHILDREN'S ACTIVITIES

USING A MAGNET IN FREE ACTIVITIES

INDEPENDENT EXPERIMENTS

"DREAMS OF ONE MAGNET"

A large magnet lay on the table and sighed. He was very bored. There was no one to grab and stick to him, but he has such a unique ability, and in vain the magnets inside him stood in rows evenly, like soldiers, and everyone looked in one direction, without moving.

Magnet was very proud of his magnets. He considered himself a little related to the light and its Lights. After all, it also consisted of many tiny particles, only they, unlike Svetikov, were obedient, stood quietly and calmly, did not fly anywhere, even looked in one direction. Any metal has such magnets, but everyone looks in different directions and doesn’t listen. And here, such power! Because everything is together. Once they grab someone, they won’t let them go. It's just a pity that they can only grab iron.

What if you heat them up? Maybe then they will become stronger and begin to grab and magnetize everyone?

The magnet almost jumped at the thought. What an idea! After all, it lies on the shelf near the stove itself. Once you fall off the shelf, it will end up very close to the stove!

The magnet began to swing, and ordered the magnets there, inside it, to also swing from side to side. After some time, the magnet fell to the floor with a roar and tried to fall as close to the stove as possible.

Pleasant warmth spread throughout the magnet. He closed his eyes dreamily. But suddenly noise and voices inside him disturbed the serene peace.

What did he see when he opened his eyes? The once obedient magnets were spinning in different directions, chatting with each other, and some even ran out of order!

What is this, what is this mess? - he shouted. But the magnets did not pay any attention to his cry.

Then the hostess entered the kitchen. She saw a magnet lying on the floor next to the stove and clasped her hands.

Oh, he's spoiled now!

The hostess quickly picked up the magnet and placed it on the cold iron tap. But if earlier the magnets all grabbed the offered piece of hardware together, now many of them did not pay any attention to the crane. And when the hostess removed her hand, the magnet plopped into the sink.

What a disgrace! - he sobbed, - this means that the warmth does not help us, but, on the contrary, hinders us! What will happen now? Will they really throw me out?

The hostess thoughtfully twirled the magnet in her hands and put it on the shelf.

Let's see if it hasn't gone bad yet. Once it cools down, we'll check it then.

Lying on the shelf, the magnet froze in fear. However, it cooled down and the temperature dropped. And the colder the magnet became, the more obedient the magnets became. They lined up again and froze, looking together in one direction.

Ugh, has it really gone away? - muttered the magnet - I will never again dream about what I don’t have. We attract iron, and good! Just great!

And indeed, magnets are very interesting, almost magical... objects? Well, yes, objects. But they are almost alive!

Natalia Suslova

Head: Suslova N.V.

Relevance

I have a large number of magnets on my refrigerator at home. I have long known that beautiful pictures are held on stone - a magnet.

Hypothesis

I thought about the question: why do these pictures stay on the refrigerator and fall off the wooden cabinet door? What kind of miracle is this stone-magnet? What properties does it have?

My research

My parents told me what experiments could be done with a magnet and where to find information about it.

Goal and tasks

I set myself a goal: to study the properties of a magnet and tasks: to conduct experiments with magnets; explore how and where people use magnets in the modern world; how children can use it in their games.

Project implementation plan.

In order to find answers to these questions, I thought on my own; asked adults; they read books to me and played cartoons about magnets; conducted experiments; received information using a computer.

There are many interesting things in the world,

Sometimes unknown to us.

The world of knowledge has no limit.

So hurry up, friends, get to work!

A selection of experiments

Experience 1. Only iron objects are attracted to a magnet.

If you take a wooden pencil, a plastic pen, a stone, a fabric bag, or cardboard and bring a magnet to them, they will not be attracted to the magnet.

And if you bring a magnet to the iron cover and pins, they will be attracted to the magnet.

Conclusion: Only iron objects are attracted to a magnet.

Experience 2. The force of a magnet acts over a distance.

If you hang a pin on a thread and slowly bring a magnet towards it, the pin will deflect towards the magnet.

Conclusion: the force of a magnet acts over a distance.

Experience 3. The force of a magnet acts through objects and materials.

Let's take an iron lid and cardboard. Let's bring a magnet to them.

The lid was attracted to the magnet even through the cardboard.

Conclusion: the force of a magnet acts through objects and materials.

Experience 4. The strength of magnets varies from magnet to magnet.

One magnet holds a pad with two weights, while the second can hold a pad with only one weight.

Conclusion: The strength of magnets varies from magnet to magnet.

Experience 5. The magnet strength is greater at the edges.

If you hold magnets close to pins, the most pins will be attracted to the edges of the magnets.

Conclusion: the strength of the magnets is greater at the edges.

Experience 6. Two magnet poles.

Each magnet also has two poles.

The North Pole is usually colored blue, and the South Pole red.

Conclusion: magnets have two poles; The poles of magnets of the same color repel, and the poles of magnets of different colors attract.

Magnets in the modern world

Thanks to their properties, magnets are amazing objects.

They are used in many tools, devices and equipment. For example, in compasses, toys, furniture, TVs, computers and other equipment. Magnets can even treat various diseases in people, for example, complex bone fractures (photo);

Using magnets, metal particles are removed from the eye (photo). Manicurists use varnish with magnetic particles, then bring a magnet and create unusual patterns (photo). Magnets are used in metal detectors. The military is looking for hidden mines and shells in the ground (photo).

To make sure that people actively use magnets in everyday life, we took a tour of the kindergarten. We saw that magnets on the doors of cabinets and refrigerators are necessary to close them tightly.

There is a magnetic strip in the kitchen for cutlery.

On the board in the group we lay out numbers, letters, attach pictures, and play magnetic theater.

There are also magnets among the computer parts (photo).

Laboratory “Wonderful properties of magnets”

When I told the guys in my group about my passion for magnets, I was offered to head the “Wonderful Properties of Magnets” laboratory. I not only talked about the properties of a magnet, but also gave the children the opportunity to conduct experimental games themselves and draw conclusions.

So almost all the guys from other groups came to visit our laboratory on an excursion. (video)

My future plans

Today I began to study the geographical map of Russia and decided to combine my interests. I placed magnets on the map with the names and images of cities in our country. The guys from my group also helped me with this.

Now we can organize a virtual trip.

Publications on the topic:

"The wonderful properties of a smile." Consultation for parents“The wonderful properties of a smile” It has been established that a friendly facial expression excites the centers of positive emotions and puts you in a good mood.

“The amazing is nearby” Goal: development of the child’s cognitive activity through experimental activities. Educational.

Abstract of the GCD “Magical properties of a magnet” in the senior group Municipal preschool educational institution "Kindergarten No. 29 in Cheremkhovo" Summary of direct educational activities.

Research project "Wonderful Tricks" Research project “Wonderful Tricks” Project passport 1. Type of project: research 2. Duration: short-term, 2 weeks.

Research project “Paper and its properties” Municipal state-owned preschool educational institution Zhuravsky kindergarten “Zhuravlik” Project participants: Educator:.