Fibrinogen is elevated during pregnancy. Fibrinogen during pregnancy: the norm, indicators, what is it. Norms for trimesters

In a series of various analyzes and tests, a pregnant woman learns a lot of new things, including about the processes taking place in her body. Some of the urine blood counts are familiar to her, and some, such as fibrinogen- No.

Such deviations adversely affect the course of pregnancy and can complicate the process of childbirth.

fibrinogen It is an important component of blood that affects coagulation.

This protein is produced by the liver and under the influence of special substances becomes active fibrin. That, in turn, becomes the main one in the formation of a blood clot.

It is no coincidence that medical specialists call fibrinogen the first factor in the blood coagulation system. It is this protein that is the link in the chain of blood coagulation.

It is a restructuring that affects all organs and systems of a woman's body. Therefore, it is important that the homeostasis system is necessarily in balance. An imbalance can lead to serious complications in pregnancy.

Therefore, fibrinogen becomes one of the barometers of this balance. Its content is determined by special analyzes.

And mothers need to know about this important protein in order to monitor its level in the blood, and in case of deviations, make efforts to maintain its normal level in the circulatory system.

What is the norm?

fibrinogen during pregnancy must be within acceptable limits in the blood, not lowered or elevated.

In the expectant mother, it rises up to 6 grams per liter. This figure may vary depending on the duration of pregnancy, and, of course, is the body's reaction to the processes taking place in it.

It is important for a pregnant woman to understand how her body responds to the growth of a little man. The fact is that the level of fibrinogen begins to rise from the third trimester. This is due to the creation of a new circulatory system, where the placenta and uterus become the main binders.

At nine months, the concentration of fibrinogen in the blood reaches a maximum - up to 6 grams per liter. Peak protein levels are needed to prevent unnecessary blood loss during childbirth.

Control over the level of fibrinogen is carried out in the antenatal clinic. In the morning on an empty stomach, a finger sample is taken in the laboratory.

Necessary once a trimester check the concentration of a substance in the blood of a pregnant woman. This perinatal diagnosis is the key to the birth of a healthy child.

Special analysis - provides doctors with the necessary information, for more detailed data, it is carried out hemostasiogram.

If fibrinogen is low

Quite often at pregnant women the lowered level of fibrinogen is observed. Usually such a deviation is associated with toxicosis of the last months of pregnancy.

Also reason for its decrease and concentrations in the circulatory system can become DIC, lack of vitamins C and B12. Hypofibrinogenemia can become a complication with a decrease in fibrinogen.

Severely reduced fibrinogen during pregnancy very dangerous during childbirth, as it will not allow the blood to clot fully, which means that the risk of large blood loss increases.

If fibrinogen is elevated

An increase in the content of fibrinogen in the blood during pregnancy occurs when a woman develops acute inflammatory and infectious diseases, such as influenza or pneumonia.

Anyway deviation from the norm- an alarming sign, but not enough to draw hasty conclusions.

Even after monitoring the forums, you can understand that pregnant women are very worried about even a slight increase or decrease in fibrinogen. It is not worth neglecting the analyzes and even more so the recommendations of doctors.

Medication should be taken those prescribed by the doctor, and in no case those that are written on a particular medical site.

Each woman's body is individual and what suits one person can cause rejection and an incorrect reaction in another. The most harmless- Prefer in your diet foods that affect the thickness of the blood.

Fibrinogen is a protein substance produced by the liver. It is directly involved in blood clotting, namely in the formation of a blood clot (thrombus). Numerous and significant changes occur in the body of a pregnant woman. The load on organs and systems as a whole increases many times, which is why they work in a compensatory mode.

Special changes occur in the circulatory system. Since childbirth involves a lot of blood loss, the body tries to reduce it. That is why, by the end of pregnancy, the coagulation ability of the blood changes (a blood clot forms faster than usual).

The study of fibrinogen in pregnant women

All pregnant women, without exception, are assigned an analysis for the study of a coagulogram, which is a complex of indicators of blood coagulation. Determination of the level of fibrinogen in the blood is prescribed three times during pregnancy, provided that there are no deviations from the norm. What is the time frame for this analysis? All pregnant women should be examined once every 3 months:

The first time blood for fibrinogen is given immediately after the woman is registered for pregnancy in the antenatal clinic. However, this should not be later than 12 weeks from conception (first trimester);
The second study is carried out between 22 and 24 weeks of pregnancy (second trimester);
The last time the blood is examined in the third trimester between 32 and 36 weeks.

If deviations are found in any planned laboratory study, then a blood test is performed more often against the background of ongoing treatment.

Situations in which an unscheduled determination of the level of fibrinogen and other indicators of blood coagulation may be prescribed:

If a woman has undergone long-term anticoagulant therapy;
Complicated pregnancy;
multiple pregnancy;
Toxicosis in the early and late stages;
Tendency to bruise even with minor exposure, bleeding gums and nosebleeds;
Violation of the functioning of the liver;
The presence of bad habits in a pregnant woman;
Varicose disease.

Blood sampling for research is carried out from a vein. For the result to be accurate, you need:

Do not eat within 10 hours before the test. Blood is taken on an empty stomach in the morning. Also, you can not drink tea, coffee and other drinks. It is allowed to drink a glass of clean water without gas;
On the day of the study, refuse physical activity;
Do not smoke before the analysis, at least for 40 minutes;
Calm down, sit down for a bit before entering the office.

The norm of fibrinogen during pregnancy

During the bearing of a child, many blood parameters change, this also applies to fibrinogen. The rate of fibrinogen in pregnant women depends on the gestational age. In the third trimester, this indicator reaches its maximum and this is not a deviation.

At the beginning of pregnancy (up to 14 weeks), the level of fibrinogen is from 2.5 to 5 g / l. Moreover, if a woman suffers from severe toxicosis, then this indicator is kept at the level of 3 g / l. Then gradually the amount of this substance begins to grow. If, according to the results of the analysis, an extremely low value (less than 2.4) is revealed, then it is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause. This will help avoid serious complications of pregnancy.

From 14 to 25 weeks - the second trimester, the limits of the norm range from 3.5 to 5.2 g / l. Starting from the 26th week and until the moment of delivery, the coagulogram indicators have maximum values. The lower limit of the norm of fibrinogen during pregnancy in the third trimester is 3.7 g / l, and the upper limit should not exceed 6.2 g / l. Before childbirth, the level of fibrinogen does not fall below 6 g / l. If the indicators are significantly reduced, then in this case the blood coagulates too slowly. This will lead to massive blood loss or even death of the woman and/or child.

Fibrinogen is elevated during pregnancy

If fibrinogen is slightly increased and does not go beyond the permissible norm, then this is a physiological process and no treatment is required. Scheduled monitoring is carried out. However, if these limits are exceeded, this can lead to the development of thrombosis and thromboembolism. A blood clot can clog any vessel, which will lead to dysfunction of one or another organ, intrauterine fetal hypoxia. And in severe cases, tissue necrosis.

Each trimester may have its own reasons for the increase in fibrin in the blood. However, all of them are in timely elimination. The reason for the increase in performance for up to 15 weeks is the presence in the body of a woman of a latent or overt infection, as well as inflammatory processes. It can be various sexual infections, the most common flu, SARS, and so on.

Increased fibrinogen during pregnancy in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters occurs with:

Tumor processes of various nature and localization;
Severe inflammatory and infectious pathologies, for example, pneumonia;
Tissue necrosis, that is, the process of tissue death and decay occurs in the body;
viral disease;
Dysfunctions (functional disorders) of the thyroid gland.

To accurately identify the causes of deviations, a woman needs to undergo a complete examination.

Fibrinogen is low during pregnancy

A decrease in the level of fibrin in the blood of a pregnant woman is noted much less frequently than its increase. However, this condition is also of great importance and leads to serious consequences.

Hypofibrinogenemia is a pathological condition characterized by a critical decrease in the concentration of fibrin in the blood. If this pathology is noted during the period of bearing a child, then the woman's blood completely loses its ability to form clots. The value of fibrin is less than 1 g/l.

The reasons for the lower value may be:

At the beginning of pregnancy, toxicosis. Moreover, the more severe the condition of the woman, the lower the rate. With severe, persistent vomiting, hospital observation and treatment is required;
Inadequate intake of vitamins involved in the process of hemostasis. Tiki substances include vitamin B12 and ascorbic acid (C);
Gestosis - late toxicosis. This condition is extremely dangerous for both the expectant mother and the baby. It is characterized by the appearance of protein in the urine, increased blood pressure and edema. In severe cases, seizures occur. This pathology indicates a strong exhaustion and weakening of the body as a whole. With such a diagnosis, a woman is sent for hospitalization, in some cases she has to stay in the hospital under the supervision of doctors until the birth;
DIC syndrome (stages 2 and 3). In this case, there is a strong blood thinning, which is due to congenital or acquired pathological factors.

How to normalize fibrinogen levels

The tactics of treatment depends not only on whether fibrinogen is increased or decreased, but also on the degree of its deviation from the norm (significant or insignificant). The tactics of treatment will be either expectant with constant monitoring of indicators, or drug therapy.

Normalization of indicators at elevated values

If the excess is insignificant, then the doctor may recommend an appropriate diet and a control blood test. With an increase in fibrinogen, the following medications are used in the treatment:

Medicines that thin the blood (anticoagulants). When using them, constant monitoring of coagulogram parameters is required;
Vitamin B12 and other representatives of this group;
Folic acid.

Seafood;
Legumes (beans, lentils);
Sour berries and fruits;
Buckwheat grain;
Walnut.

Normalization of indicators at low values

Foods that help thicken the blood:

Bananas;
Buckwheat;
Confectionery;
Sugar;
Potato.

Medications are prescribed depending on the cause, that is, the primary pathology. Self-treatment in this case is extremely dangerous!

Fibrinogen is a special biological protein that is part of human blood. Its main biological role is to ensure blood coagulation. The level of this substance is very important during pregnancy, as well as at the time of the delivery process.

To determine it, a special research methodology is used -.

A change in the amount of fibrinogen content, both downward and upward, is highly undesirable for a pregnant woman.

What is fibrinogen during pregnancy

Fibrinogen is a protein substance that is part of the blood plasma. This is a soluble substance.

This blood component is synthesized in the liver and then transported into the bloodstream.

When a vessel is injured, fibrinogen, under the influence of a special enzyme thrombin, is transformed into an insoluble substance - fibrin.

It plays a direct role in the formation of a blood clot or thrombus.

The level of fibrinogen in the composition of blood plasma can change both up and down. It depends on the general condition of the body and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Functions of fibrinogen in the body of a pregnant woman

The main function of this protein is to ensure the process of blood clotting. The level of blood loss during childbirth depends on this.

For a child, fibrinogen is also extremely important. He is involved in the work of the placenta.

Factors influencing changes in the level of fibrinogen in pregnant women

The content of fibrinogen in the blood may deviate from the normal value. Under the influence of a number of factors, its amount can either increase or decrease.

Causes of elevated levels of fibrinogen in a pregnant woman:

Inflammatory processes in the body of a pregnant woman;
The presence of diseases of an infectious nature;
Strong manifestations
High level of physical activity;
Women's increased anxiety and stress.

Causes of low fibrinogen levels in a pregnant woman:

Insufficient;
The presence of diseases of the digestive system;
The presence in the body of tumors, both benign and oncological;

It should be noted that the situation when fibrinogen is lowered occurs much less frequently than pathological conditions associated with its increase.

This deviation option is no less dangerous for a pregnant woman.

Diagnosis of the level of this protein

Throughout pregnancy, the level of this protein in the blood is monitored in a woman.

Mandatory is the analysis of the coagulogram, which is given 3 times for the entire period of bearing a child - once a trimester.

There is another type of blood test for fibrinogen - which is more detailed.

In order to get a reliable result of the study, it is very important to properly prepare for it.

The analysis is given only on an empty stomach. It is advisable to stop drinking even liquids an hour before donating blood;
At least 2 hours before the analysis, it is very important to reduce the level of excitement and anxiety, because. in this condition, the amount of fibrinogen increases.

A blood test for fibrinogen is taken from a vein. The resulting biological fluid is treated with a special saline solution and the plasma is separated.

Fibrinogen can be isolated from it in a variety of ways:

Fibrinogen according to Claus or optical;
Colorimetric or method for determining fibrinogen by color;
Gravimetric - a method for determining fibrinogen by its specific gravity;
Immunochemical.

Based on these indications, it is possible to establish the content of the fibrinogen protein in the blood of a pregnant woman.

Level indicators and their significance at the rate of fibrinogen in pregnant women

The rate of fibrinogen in the blood during pregnancy differs from that in the normal period.

In women who are carrying a child, this protein is slightly increased and this is acceptable.

The level of its content depends on the duration of pregnancy.

Fibrinogen norms during pregnancy by trimesters:

1 trimester (1-13 weeks) 2.98 g / l;
2 trimester (14-27 weeks) 3.1 g / l;
3rd trimester (from 28 weeks to delivery) 4.95 - 6 g / l.

The amount of fibrinogen in the blood plasma increases with increasing gestational age. Its maximum content is noted in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

If these indicators change both downward and downward, this is a signal of the development of pathology.

What does an increase in fibrinogen level mean and what is dangerous

It is very important to understand the dangers of increased fibrinogen during pregnancy.

With the development of this pathological condition in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriage or intrauterine development of the fetus may occur.

The most dangerous consequence is pulmonary thrombosis, which almost always ends in the death of a woman.

In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, elevated fibrinogen may indicate the following pathologies:

Infectious diseases of a woman;
Intrauterine diseases of the fetus of an infectious and inflammatory nature;
Inflammatory processes in the body of the expectant mother.

If the level is low

Another type of disorder that is associated with the level of fibrinogen is its low content in the blood.

In most cases, the cause of this pathology becomes very strong in a pregnant woman.

Also, the causes of low fibrinogen include DIC and beriberi.

Reduced fibrinogen is no less dangerous than its excess content.

If fibrinolytic activity is reduced during pregnancy, the following complications may develop:

Intrauterine death for the fetus;
Embolism or entry of amniotic fluid into the bloodstream of a pregnant woman;
Premature;
Decrease ;
maternal and child blood pressure.

Correction of fibrinogen levels in pregnant women

In the event of a change in the content of fibrinogen in the blood of a pregnant woman, the doctor prescribes the necessary measures to correct this condition.

You can change the amount of this protein in the blood plasma in the following ways:

Medically;
With the help of certain foods;
With the help of medicinal herbs.

Drugs that increase blood clotting include:

Thrombin;
Vikasol;
Phytomenadione.

To reduce the amount of fibrinogen, your doctor may prescribe:

Nattokinase;
Curcumin;
Serrapeptase;
Bromelain.

The necessary therapy is prescribed by the doctor, after collecting a complete history of the woman's condition.

In most cases, to normalize the level of fibrinogen, it is enough to adjust your diet.

Foods that increase fibrinogen:

Oats;
Wheat;
Buckwheat;
Greenery;
Potato;
Cabbage;
Liver.

Some herbs also have a boosting ability.

These include:

yarrow;
Stinging nettle;
Arnica.

Foods that lower fibrinogen:

Laminaria or seaweed;
Green tea;
Strawberry;
Raspberries;
Bitter chocolate;
Oranges and other citrus fruits.

This also includes herbs:

Motherwort;
Rose hip;
Aloe.

Decoctions are most often made from medicinal herbs.

Do not self-medicate. Correction of nutrition and the appointment of medicines are prescribed only by a doctor.

With improper self-treatment, you can only aggravate the condition that has arisen and harm yourself and the child even more.

The level of fibrinogen protein in the blood of a pregnant woman is a very important indicator. The successful course of pregnancy and the state of health of the mother and child depend on its quantity.

Even if during the tests deviations of this indicator from the norm were diagnosed, with timely and correct therapy, the risks of developing complications can be minimized.

Control over the state of one's health, proper nutrition and adherence to the basic rules of a healthy lifestyle are the best prevention of diseases.

Video: What is fibrinogen?

One of the most important indicators that doctors constantly study when a woman carries a baby is fibrinogen. It is a protein that plays an important role in the process of blood clotting. Fibrinogen is produced by liver cells, after entering the blood, it is converted into fibrin (under the influence of thrombin). The rate of fibrinogen during pregnancy is of great importance for both the woman and the fetus. After all, the formation of blood clots, which reduce blood loss during childbirth, occurs precisely due to fibrin.

So, fibrinogen turns into insoluble fibrin, which during blood coagulation is the basis of a clot.

Method for determining fibrinogen

A blood clotting test is called a hemostasiogram or coagulogram. It determines fibrinogen and other rather important indicators of hemostasis. Most often, venous blood is used for this.

In order for the test result to be as accurate as possible, the patient needs:

Be sure to plan blood donation on an empty stomach (the last meal no later than 12 hours before the study).
Eliminate stress and physical activity a few hours before the planned delivery.

The laboratory assistant draws blood with a syringe and places it in a test tube, the walls of which were previously treated with a solution of citric acid salt. This is done to prevent clot clotting. Further, plasma (its liquid part) must be removed from the received blood - it is in it that fibrinogen is examined. In laboratories, fibrinogen is determined by various methods:

immunochemical;
color (colorimetric);
optical;
by weight.

If the pregnancy proceeds normally, then for the entire period of pregnancy, a blood coagulation test is carried out three times. The first examination is performed when the expectant mother is registered, but this period should be no more than 12 weeks of pregnancy. This is a starting point that influences the frequency of future reviews. With normal results, the coagulogram is next performed at 25–26 weeks of gestation.

Indicators of the norm of fibrinogen during pregnancy

Pregnancy is one of the physiological reasons for the increase in fibrinogen. During this difficult period, a complete restructuring of the body of the expectant mother takes place so that pregnancy and childbirth proceed safely. A woman loses about 250-300 ml of blood during physiological childbirth and about 750 ml - during caesarean section. In the case of pathological childbirth and complications in the postpartum period, liters of blood loss are possible. Therefore, the blood coagulation system in every way prepares the body for future childbirth. Nature immediately protects him from possible excessive blood loss. So, as a result of this, there is a slight increase in fibrinogen during pregnancy. Its normal indicators in non-pregnant women are 2-3 g / l. In expectant mothers, the amount of fibrinogen gradually changes every 3 months. So, the following indicators are considered the norm:

1st trimester - 2.98 - 3.1 g / l;
2nd trimester - 3.1 - 3.3 g / l;
3rd trimester - 5-6 g / l.

As the birth approaches, this figure increases. If fibrinogen is elevated during pregnancy or vice versa, it is lowered, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment, after which a control determination of the indicator is carried out. If its deviation from the norm is noted, then in the future the frequency of analyzes increases.

Causes and consequences of an increase in fibrinogen in the early stages

Although for the expectant mother a slight increase in the level of fibrinogen in the blood is the norm, the excess of these indicators indicates that pathology is developing.

Features of the first trimester

So, in the first trimester of pregnancy, fibrinogen is above normal. What does it mean? An increase in this indicator indicates that there is an inflammatory process in the body of the expectant mother. To find out the reasons for this condition, the doctor will advise you to take additional tests if the available studies do not help answer this question. The results are affected by influenza, SARS or any other infectious disease in a woman.

The presence of an inflammatory process in the body of a pregnant woman can have a negative impact on the development of the fetus, so it is necessary to prescribe adequate treatment in a timely manner. It must be carried out under strict medical supervision.

Indicators in the second trimester

The condition of the expectant mother during this period stabilizes a little, the symptoms of toxicosis recede, and the test results most often normalize. If, after the second coagulogram is performed, the fibrinogen levels exceed the additional value, this is a threat of blood clots. This affects the access to the fetus of oxygen and affects its development.

There are such reasons for the increase in fibrinogen:

pneumonia;
the presence of neoplasms in the body;
hormonal imbalance;
burns of various degrees;
infectious diseases (meningitis, influenza);
tissue death.

Additional analyzes and studies will help determine what exactly affects the level of the indicator and the health of the expectant mother.

Features of fibrinogen in the third trimester

The fibrinogen index increases strongly in the last trimester of pregnancy. During this period, the body is actively preparing for childbirth, and it tries to ensure its safety. But if fibrinogen is elevated during pregnancy in the third trimester above 6 g / l, then this indicates a possible pathology. With an excess of this protein, irreversible health consequences for both the fetus and the mother can occur, in particular:

frozen or non-developing pregnancy;
spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages;
thrombosis of the umbilical artery, resulting in placental abruption or premature birth.

In the event that the content of fibrinogen is increased in the blood test, expectant mothers should always be under medical supervision.

The fibrinogen index will indicate the presence of pregnancy to those women who are not yet aware of their "interesting position". In this case, its level will be increased, so after the results are ready, the doctor will be able to tell the good news.

Why can fibrinogen decrease during pregnancy?

Doctors, when receiving coagulogram results during pregnancy, may also find that the fibrinogen level is below normal. A decrease in this indicator is observed less frequently than an increase, but the consequences are no less serious. Therefore, having discovered such a situation, it must be analyzed in order to identify the causes and determine ways to solve the problem.

First trimester

A slight decrease in fibrinogen during pregnancy compared to the norm during this period occurs with toxicosis. But in the case of constant frequent vomiting, the woman is hospitalized in order to stabilize the condition. At the same time, fibrinogen levels are monitored and measures are taken to normalize it.

Second trimester

If in the second trimester this indicator remains low, it is necessary to examine the pregnant woman to determine the cause of this condition. Often during the examination, DIC is detected - a pathological process in which blood clotting is impaired. It is congenital and acquired. In the presence of such a disease, pregnancy requires enhanced control and adequate treatment, which will increase the ability of blood to clot.

third trimester

In most cases, low fibrinogen during pregnancy in the last months remains from an early date. The reasons for this are already known to the doctor and the woman is under control. During this period, therapy is aimed at increasing it, in order to protect the life of the woman in labor during childbirth. Together with treatment aimed at increasing blood clotting, the process of giving birth to a baby is planned so that the mother's blood loss is minimal.

So, we can distinguish such reasons for the decrease in the level of fibrinogen during pregnancy:

severe toxicosis of the second half of pregnancy;
blood diseases;
DIC;
weakened immunity;
a pronounced deficiency in the body of vitamins B12 and C;
extensive liver damage (cirrhosis, hepatitis);
irrational nutrition.

Safe Ways to Achieve Normal Fibrinogen Levels During Pregnancy

What to do if fibrinogen levels deviate from the norm? With its slight decrease or excess of the norm and the known reason why this happens, the doctor monitors the general condition of the pregnant woman and monitors the dynamics. With a critical decrease or increase in fibrinogen, in order to stabilize it, drug therapy is necessary.

The expectant mother is sent for a consultation with a hematologist. Sometimes in the presence of such deviations, special treatment is not required. It is enough to take dietary supplements that the doctor will advise, or to normalize the indicator by adjusting the diet.

We must not forget that during pregnancy, only an experienced specialist can prescribe any medications. It is strictly impossible to self-medicate, as this can result in serious complications. First of all, the treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause that caused this condition and on the individual characteristics of the organism in each case.

If fibrinogen during pregnancy is higher than normal, then such groups of drugs as beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, antiplatelet agents, fibrinolytics, B vitamins, folic and acetylsalicylic acid in minimal dosages are more often prescribed.

It is imperative to correct the diet. The level of fibrinogen can be increased by the presence in the diet of buckwheat, eggs, bananas, potato dishes, walnuts, soy, spinach. Fried and smoked foods, carbonated drinks have the same effect, but they are harmful to the baby. In the absence of edema and kidney problems, you can allow the use of different pickles. From folk remedies, decoctions of yarrow, nettle and St. John's wort increase the ability of blood to clot.

If you need to lower the content of fibrinogen in the blood, you need to include raspberries, strawberries, pomegranates, beets, chocolate or cocoa in the diet. From medicinal plants, peony root and chestnut will help to cope with this problem.

Normal fibrinogen levels during pregnancy in each trimester are the key to a successful birth. Therefore, in no case should you neglect the regular conduct of a coagulogram. In time, noticing the deviation of its indicators from the norm, you can detect the cause and eliminate it, preventing the risk of developing many serious consequences, such as preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion, placental abruption, umbilical cord thrombosis.