What causes brown spots on the face. Age spots: causes and methods of struggle. Effective remedy for pigmentation long-term storage

The face is the calling card of any woman. Therefore, negative changes in appearance are immediately perceived as shortcomings requiring immediate elimination. In addition to wrinkles, age spots are frequent disturbers of peace. To understand how the restoration of facial skin takes place, it is important to understand the culprits of the process.

The opinion that age spots are a sign of aging of the body is not at all justified. Violation of complexion can occur in both adults and children. Pigmentation is provoked by various external and internal causes, so the following options for its manifestation are possible:

Freckles. As a rule, such pigmentation is characterized by the presence of numerous small spots of yellow or light brown color. If the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light, they darken. As you get older, freckles become less numerous.
Chloasma. Age spots of this type appear during the period of bearing a child. As a rule, their appearance is due to gynecological pathologies or impaired liver function.
birthmarks. Such pigmentation on the face is quite common. Unlike other types, moles are considered as a benign tumor.
Vitiligo. Age spots have a pronounced white color and appear as a result of a violation of the formation of melanin in the skin. These changes are genetically determined.
Age spots or lentigo. Such a pathology affects those who abuse tanning from a young age. As a result, the amount of melanin gradually increases in the skin of the face, which eventually reaches the upper layer of the epidermis and manifests itself in the form of unsightly pigment spots.

It is age-related pigmentation that is extremely difficult to treat, therefore, in order to get rid of unsightly blots, it is necessary to contact specialized clinics.

Reasons for violation

Age spots on the face in adults and children occur as a result of the influence of the following factors:

1. Avitaminosis. Deficiency in the body of such vitamins as C, A and PP induces the body to increase the production of melanin. To exclude such a cause of pigmentation disorders, you need to eat fresh fruits, berries, vegetables, take fish oil, ascorbic acid. The rest of the treatment should be prescribed by the attending physician.

2. Hormonal failure. We are talking about age spots that appear during pregnancy, while taking birth control pills.

3. Skin burn. A common cause of pigmentation is exposure to direct sunlight. You need to know that as a result, both dark and white spots may appear on the face, which only a laser can remove. Therefore, it is important to be in the sun, gradually increasing the duration of exposure to direct rays or in the solarium.

4. The presence of internal pathologies. Spots on the face may indicate endocrinological, gastroenterological, gynecological or dermatological disorders. As a rule, we are talking about chronic processes affecting the adrenal glands, reproductive system, biliary tract, liver.

5. Nervous disorders. They are diagnosed if there is limited pigmentation of the forehead. In most cases, a dark-colored line appears, the width of which is about 10 mm.

6. Age over 45 years. This is an age-related pigmentation that requires serious treatment.

7. Skin diseases in the form of acne. Pigmentation in the form of spots on the face occurs when the rash disappears. Localized darkening or redness appears, which is not easy to get rid of.

8. Another skin pathology - perioral pigmentary dermatosis - provokes the appearance of yellow-brown spots that surround the mouth, are localized in the nasolabial folds, chin.

9. Irrational use of creams and cosmetics that provide skin whitening. It is necessary to use such funds in strict accordance with the instructions. It is unacceptable to apply a brightening cream on the face immediately before going outside. In addition, any whitening procedures are carried out when solar activity is minimal. The best period is from October to March.

10. Development of an allergic reaction to cosmetic components.

11. Taking medications of the sulfonamide group, drugs based on quinine or amidopyrine leads to pigment toxicoderma.

12. Genetic predisposition. If there is such a reason, it is possible to cure spots on the face only by surgery.

On the network you can find numerous photos of diffuse pigmentation. Such a violation occurs if pathologies of the adrenal glands develop. As a result, the face is covered with bronze or brown spots.

Only a specialist can accurately determine the causes of the appearance of age spots on the face. The attending physician should conduct a thorough diagnosis, determining the culprit of the failure and prescribing the correct treatment regimen.

How to get rid of age spots on the face?

Age spots do not pose a health hazard. But they are a noticeable cosmetic defect that can and should be treated. Several different methods help in this.

1. Treatment with bleaching compounds.

The following options are possible:

Hydrogen peroxide. Treatment should be carried out especially carefully, applying peroxide only to areas of pronounced pigmentation. If the product gets on the eyebrows, they may acquire a red tint.
Ointment based on zinc. As a result, you can get a comprehensive result in the form of eliminating age spots and lightly smoothing wrinkles. Also, by treating the face with a zinc composition, it is possible to reduce the manifestations of acne and weaken the inflammatory process.
Cream with mercury. Recommended for short term use only. You can treat your face with it only after a sensitivity test.

2. Cosmetological sessions.

Treatment of pigmentation with chemical peels. In order not to harm the skin, the treatment should be done by a professional cosmetologist. Only a doctor who has fully studied the picture can choose the right combination of acids that help block the production of skin pigment.
Laser treatment. Hyperpigmentation is treated with laser peeling in several stages. The main indication for the procedure is the presence of superficial pigmentation. With a deep violation, the method is ineffective.
Phototherapy. One of the methods of treatment of pigmented defects on the face is irradiation with infrared light. It is easy to get rid of spots due to the destruction of only those cells in which melanin is present in an increased amount.
Applying cosmetics. Retinol-based products remove age spots well. These are such creams as Retin-A, Achromin Max. After treatment of the face, the melanin content in the skin is reduced, which leads to the removal of pigmentation and subsequent protection from ultraviolet radiation. Retin-A is used once a day, washing it off after 6 hours. Sessions continue for a month. Achromin is applied twice in the morning and in the evening, evaluating the result after a couple of weeks.

Another effective remedy helps to cure pigmentation - VC-IP. The solution has an oily consistency and contains vitamin C, which, once absorbed into the skin, stops the production of pigment.

Chemical peels, laser and phototherapy are especially recommended if age-related pigmentation is detected. In the presence of deep age spots, treatment to help get rid of a cosmetic defect is started immediately. Otherwise, the situation will worsen and therapy will become very difficult.

It is possible to delay treatment only when age spots on the face are the result of changes during pregnancy, the use of hormonal contraceptives, and an exacerbation of a chronic inflammatory process. As the body recovers, age spots will lighten.

When can't pigmentation be treated?

Contraindications for the elimination of age spots in adults and children are the following conditions:

serious skin problems;
metabolic disorders against the background of diabetes mellitus;
therapy with hormonal drugs, which contain glucocorticoids;
period of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Such restrictions are imposed only on salon procedures and the use of special cosmetic ointments and creams. As for folk methods of facial whitening using herbs, they are allowed.

Preventive actions

To prevent age spots from becoming a constant problem, it is worth taking care of the correct prevention of pigmentation. It implies:

1. Selection of special cosmetic formulations. When the causes and possible treatment of pigmentation are determined, the contents of the cosmetic bag should be replaced immediately. Care products and cosmetics are purchased if the protection level is at least SPF 15. When you plan to use a protective emulsion, you must choose it according to your skin type.

2. The cream is applied to the face in an even layer, achieving an even coverage of the skin. Make-up is done at least 20 minutes before going outside. If the weather is hot, in order to avoid the appearance of age spots, the face is lubricated every three hours. Be sure to first remove the remnants of cosmetics using wet wipes.

3. The use of folk remedies. A good preventive measure for adults is to rub the face with parsley or lemon juice if there is no allergic reaction to the product. Washing with sour milk and masks with cream formulations are also useful.

4. Exclusion of prolonged exposure to open sunlight. Even with the constant use of sunscreen, owners of fair skin should avoid prolonged exposure to the solarium, on the beach.

5. Proper planning of cosmetic procedures. We are talking about laser treatment, peeling, carried out in the salon. According to cosmetologists, with the onset of the warm season, when solar activity is quite high, such clarification is unacceptable.

If, nevertheless, it was not possible to prevent the appearance of pigmentation, treatment of both children and adults should be started only after consultation with a dermatologist. Proper therapy is possible only upon completion of a comprehensive diagnosis, testing, the results of which will confirm or disprove serious systemic pathologies that prevent the skin disease from being completely cured.

- the appearance on the skin of flat, oval areas of a darker color: from light to dark brown as a result of aging, skin insolation, hormonal changes in the body, taking certain medications, using cosmetics. Age spots, especially multiple ones, are a cosmetic defect, often accompanied by dryness, roughness of the skin, wrinkles, and vascular bulges. Malignant neoplasms of the skin can be disguised as age spots. Before proceeding with the discoloration of age spots, it is necessary to find out if they are the result of serious health problems. To do this, it is recommended to consult an endocrinologist and therapist, women - a gynecologist.

General information

Pigments are responsible for the coloration of human skin, in healthy skin there are five of them: melanin, carotene, melanoid, oxyhemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin. In case of violation of their concentration or in the absence of any of the pigments, pigment spots of various sizes are formed on the skin. Melanin plays the main role in the coloration of the skin, it serves as a barrier to ultraviolet radiation. As a result of the accumulation of melanin in large quantities on the skin, age spots are formed, they can be both congenital and acquired.

Causes of age spots

The main reason for the appearance of age spots is prolonged and intense exposure to ultraviolet rays, since ultraviolet activates the production of melanin. Features of metabolic processes, diseases of the digestive system, in particular, pathologies from the liver quite often lead to the appearance of age spots. Among diseases of the endocrine system, pituitary tumors, pituitary insufficiency (panhypopituitarism), Graves' disease are accompanied by age spots with areas of hypo- and hyperpigmentation. Neuropsychiatric disorders, frequent stress, lack of vitamin C, gynecological diseases and mental disorders like hysteroid neuroses can also provoke pigmentation disorders, and as a result, age spots appear on the skin.

Brown spots associated with pregnancy mostly disappear after childbirth, but sometimes they remain for a long time.

Freckles

Freckles - ephelides are common in people with fair skin. Their appearance is associated with excessive exposure to the sun, as a result of which melanin accumulates in certain areas of the skin. Depending on the season, the intensity of their color may vary. They are observed on the face, sometimes on the ears on the skin of the hands and chest. The size of the freckles, the degree of coloration and their number are variable: from a few light-colored pigment spots the size of a dot prick, to large brown freckles in large quantities.

By their nature, age spots in the form of freckles represent an uneven distribution of tan areas, and therefore, in the cold season, they can completely disappear. Over time, the intensity of their color also decreases, as the body learns to receive the sun's rays more evenly. Freckles do not pose a threat to health and many owners of such age spots do not consider them a cosmetic problem. However, if freckles are causing psychological discomfort, then they should be bleached and sunscreens with a high UV filter should be used. It should be remembered that such creams and lotions must be applied to the entire skin, and not just to the face, since the redistribution of melanin in the skin occurs taking into account the accumulation of melanocytes.

Age spots like ephelides are not deep, and therefore chemical peeling with lactic and fruit acids can permanently get rid of freckles. But it should be remembered that cosmetic procedures do not change photosensitivity, so age spots may reappear if sunscreen is not used.

age spots

(lentigiles seniles) - are age spots that appear in older people, they are also called "senile ripples". As a rule, age pigment spots appear on places that have been exposed to intense solar radiation. Sometimes lentigo age spots appear on the freckles. Favorite localization - skin of the face, skin of the hands and forearms, décolleté and upper back. Since the first manifestations of lentigo occur after the age of forty, they are a clear cosmetic defect, because they visually age women. During menopause, due to changes in the hormonal background, the intensity of age spots and their number increase. Lentigos are difficult to disguise with decorative cosmetics, chemical and mechanical cosmetic procedures aimed at detaching the epidermis help to reduce their intensity. The use of aromatic retinoids heals skin cells and normalizes their activity.

Large pigment spots

Large age spots called chloasma or melasma (chloasma) occur on the skin of the face mainly in young women. The spots have irregular outlines and tend to merge, forming one large spot of a bizarre shape. The process can partially pass to the skin of the neck and ears, but the shoulders and décolleté are almost never affected. Insolation aggravates the patient's condition, since after exposure to the sun there is an increase in age spots. The main reason for the appearance of age spots on the skin of the chloasma type is hormonal imbalance (the beginning of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and lactation, menopause, taking oral contraceptives and taking any hormonal drugs).

Some cosmetics, long-term topical use of hormone-containing ointments and the application of aromatic oils directly to the skin can also provoke the appearance of age spots. Usually, after discontinuation of drugs or after childbirth, chloasma disappears on its own. Cosmetic procedures aimed at whitening and exfoliation can speed up the process of getting rid of age spots.

Birthmarks

Birthmarks - nevi (naevus) look like small evenly defined areas of hyperpigmentation, which in some cases are more a feature than a cosmetic defect. The process of formation of nevi is almost the same as in the formation of any other age spots, based on the uneven distribution of melanin. The accumulation of melanthocytes becomes visually noticeable, the color of moles varies from light beige to dark brown. All people have a small number of congenital pigment spots, but if there are too many of them or they tend to grow and increase, then this is one of the factors that indicate the possible degeneration of the pigment spot into an oncological skin process.

Therefore, nevi located in places of friction on the face should be removed. A significant number of such age spots, as well as any changes on their part, are also an indication for their removal. Usually they resort to laser surgery, removal with liquid nitrogen or using diathermocoagulation. There are no scars or cosmetic defects after removal of age spots.

Skin hypopigmentation

Albinism and vitiligo are rare skin pathologies, the causes of which are poorly understood, and therefore pigment spots of this kind are difficult to treat. People who have a complete or partial absence of melanocytes, or conditions in which melanocytes do not produce melanin, insolation is strictly prohibited. Pigmented spots with a discolored color should be protected from sunlight. Albinism requires contact lenses with UV protection. All principles of therapy are aimed at improving the quality of life, since sunburn of hypopigmented age spots is usually quite deep, and constant exposure to sunlight on unprotected skin can provoke oncological processes.

Treatment of age spots

The appearance of age spots, especially those that tend to increase, is not a sign of health. Therefore, before starting their discoloration, it is necessary to consult a therapist, gynecologist and endocrinologist. If there are conditions or diseases that could cause age spots, then first of all they are treated or corrected. Next, you can proceed to the discoloration of age spots. Home remedies do not have the desired effect, since the depth of their penetration is small, and therefore they only affect the surface layers of the skin.

A chemical peel is ideal if there are a lot of age spots, but they are all shallow, such as freckles. As a result of the effect of fruit acids on accumulations of melanthocytes, a uniform discoloration of the skin of the face occurs. Age spots gradually disappear, and the skin becomes velvety.

Mechanical effect on the skin by dermabrasion is not as effective in relation to age spots. Microminiaturization is similar to chemical peeling, but the active substance is applied pointwise under vacuum. Suitable for removing small, but deep age spots.

Mesotherapy allows you to inject the active substance deep into the tissues, resulting in lightening of age spots and an improvement in the general condition of the skin. Photoremoval and laser removal of age spots are used for deep spots.

After the procedures, the skin condition returns to normal, but it is necessary to use sunscreen cosmetics, correct diseases in time to prevent the appearance of new areas with altered pigmentation.

Skin pigmentation disorders are a common problem. Age spots on the body occur in children and adults.

Often, increased pigmentation leads to the appearance of complexes. If you find spots of various colors on the body, you should consult a dermatologist.

Reasons for the appearance

Changing the color of the skin is not as harmless as it might seem at first glance. Spots not only make a person ashamed of his body, but also indicate malfunctions in the body.

The causes of increased pigmentation in each case are individual. Why do age spots appear on the body? Dermatologists identify the main factors that provoke the formation of spots in various areas:

taking hormonal contraceptives;
period of pregnancy and menopause;
hormonal disruptions during puberty;
age spots in the elderly;
contact with chemicals;
prolonged exposure to the open sun and increased production of melanin pigment;
frequent visits to the solarium;
stressful situations;
poor-quality or incorrectly selected cosmetics;
diseases of the liver and gallbladder;
consequences of the performed cosmetic procedures.

Main locations

Areas of skin with a darker or lighter color appear anywhere. Main locations:

face;
hands;
breast;
back.

The area of appearance of spots of various colors, shapes and sizes does not depend on gender. Some varieties have more specific localization, for example, senile pigmentation appears on open areas of the body - hands and face.

Varieties

The amount of melanin in certain areas explains the color of the skin. In different people, the skin is covered with dark brown, pink, light coffee and almost white spots.

Main types:

Red and white dark spots. The causes of the disease are not known for certain. Occur after transferred lichen erythematosus. The patient population is women aged 40-60.
Pink. The reason is pink lichen. Skin disease manifests itself in the form of scaly rashes.
Brown (chloasma, melasma). They occur in women as a result of a violation of the production of melanin pigment during menopause and during pregnancy.

Main types:

Freckles (ephelids). Occurs with increased sensitivity to UV rays. Small spots of light brown color.
Chloasma. Pigmented areas occupy a fairly large area. The main reason is hormonal disruptions. Places of localization - forehead, cheeks, area above the upper lip. Sometimes certain types of cosmetics provoke pigmentation disorders (bergamot and citrus oils, petroleum jelly).
solar lentigo occurs with prolonged exposure to sunlight. The main category of patients of cosmetology clinics is young people who spend long hours on the beach. Fans of tanning in the solarium also suffer. Localization - upper chest, shoulders, face, neck, hands.
Senile lentigo. Appears on the shoulders, arms, face after forty - fifty years. Pigmentation intensifies while being in the open sun.
Nevus- accumulation of melanocytes filled with melanin. Provoking factors contribute to the occurrence of cancer.
Melodermia Brocca. Localization - the area around the mouth. Darker areas of the skin appear with frequent stress.
secondary depigmentation. The amount of melanin increases or decreases as a result of skin diseases - neurodermatitis, lichen, eczema.

Sometimes a skin defect occurs in people who, by the nature of their activities, are faced with constant exposure to high temperatures (bakers, refractory workers, steel workers).

How to get rid of the disease

Some types of pigmentation cannot be completely cured. You can only reduce the manifestations and even out skin tone. This remark applies to freckles and senile lentigo.

Sometimes spots disappear as suddenly as they appear. Chloasma in many pregnant women gradually disappear after the birth of a child. By eliminating the cause of abnormal pigmentation of the skin, you can minimize the manifestations or completely get rid of a cosmetic defect.

Medical treatment

Important! Be sure to see a dermatologist. Only a doctor will determine the cause of hyperpigmentation on the face and body.

How to remove, how to get rid of age spots on the body? To correct the production of melanin will help taking drugs containing acids:

folic;
azelaic;
ascorbic;
koi.

Preparations containing these types of acids block the excessive production of melanin. Gradually, the skin acquires a uniform color.

Special formulations whiten the skin, make spots less noticeable. Popular means:

synthomycin emulsion;
bodyaga;
salicylic alcohol.

Folk recipes

Natural ingredients that have a whitening effect have been known for centuries. To reduce pigmentation use:

masks;
compresses;
lotions.

Try one of our proven recipes:

whitens the face juice from parsley, lemon, cabbage, viburnum berries. Wipe the skin daily;
make masks from grated fresh cucumber and low-fat kefir;
mix white clay with chamomile decoction. Thus, an ointment is obtained from age spots. Apply to face, rinse with cool water after 20 minutes;
daily wipe the desired areas with yogurt or kefir. Sour-milk products not only make spots less noticeable, but also nourish the skin;
add bearberry, yarrow or licorice extract to any cream you use daily. These plants contain arbutin, hydroquinones, organic acids;
do saline compresses. The composition can be purchased at a pharmacy. After a while, the skin tone will even out, the spots will become subtle.

Hardware cosmetology

A dermatologist will determine the cause of abnormal pigmentation of the skin. A cosmetologist will offer procedures that get rid of ugly spots. The use of modern techniques is justified when the pigmented area is located in the middle and deep layers of the skin.

Effective treatments to get rid of excessive pigmentation:

laser removal pigment spots. Less traumatic, painless method. Pulsed light energy is used.
Deep peeling carried out using triacetic or salicylic acid. The procedure is more traumatic than superficial peeling, but the effectiveness is higher. Skin color improves and wrinkles are smoothed out.
Cryotherapy. popular technique. Stains are removed under the influence of liquid nitrogen. Surface cells are destroyed, the regeneration process is enhanced. Cons - the skin takes a long time to recover after the procedure, redness persists for a long period.
Phototherapy. During a painless procedure, infrared flashes destroy cells containing excess pigment.

Advice! Superficial peeling is indicated for pigmentation of the upper layer of the skin. The procedure is carried out using formulations containing fruit acids. This type of peeling is effective and affordable for many patients due to the reasonable cost of the procedure.

Cosmetical tools

Whitening creams, tonics, lotions and masks will perfectly complement hardware procedures and folk remedies. Many companies produce special lines for the treatment of age spots on the body.

Pay attention to the products of companies:

Techcon.
Floresan.
Decleor.
Danne.
Lacrima.

Many women have come up with:

whitening face masks "Grandma Agafia's Recipes";
cream mask "Bodyaga-forte";
cream "Biocon" with whitening effect;
mask Vitex.

Pigmentation in pregnancy

Many expectant mothers worry about the skin on which darkened areas appear. Sometimes the skin in some places becomes very light.

What is the reason? Blame for hormonal disruptions and prolonged exposure to the sun.

Peculiarities:

the more freckles, the higher the likelihood of hyperpigmentation;
with dark skin, pigment spots are dark, with pale skin - lighter;
in many pregnant women, pigmentation appears on the face;
chloasma - a common variety that "decorates" the shoulders, face, hands;
in the second trimester, a vertical red stripe may appear on the abdomen.

What to do:

as little as possible stay in the sun from 12 to 16 hours;
protect your face with a brim hat;
use a cream with a protective factor of 30 or higher;
use high-quality cosmetics;
eat vitamins, fruits and vegetables;
check the functioning of the thyroid gland, which regulates hormonal balance.

Age spots on the body in children

Any change in the appearance of the skin in a child should alert. There are several types of hyperpigmentation in children. Some are quite harmless. Some varieties can degenerate into malignant tumors.

Causes of hyperpigmentation:

Exposure to sunlight.
Metabolic disease.
Lack of vitamins.
Violation of the digestive tract.
Allergy to cosmetics and drugs.

Age spots can appear both after birth and later. Localization - various parts of the body.

What parents need to know:

If you find areas with irregular pigmentation, visit a dermatologist. Do not put off a visit to the doctor "indefinitely".
Constantly monitor the size, shape and color of the spots. Any change should alert.
A large number of spots is a reason for an in-depth examination of the child by a dermatologist, endocrinologist, pediatric oncologist.
Avoid damage, friction, irritation of pigmented areas. Prevent skin infections.
Do not use whitening creams, masks, dubious folk recipes. What to do with spots - the doctor decides.

Important! Doctors do not recommend removing stains without explicit indications. If discomfort appears, or the pigmented area is in a prominent place, consult your doctor about what to do next. The decision should be made not only by a dermatologist, but also by a pediatric oncologist.

Avoiding hyperpigmentation is quite simple. The recommendations are the same for men and women of different ages:

During the hours when the sun is at its zenith, spend less time on the street, the beach or in the garden.
In summer, do not forget about creams that protect against UV rays.
Wear hats, caps, panamas.
Visit the solarium as little as possible.
Use quality skin care products.
Enrich your diet with vitamins.

Pigmented spots on the body cause a lot of grief. Observe preventive measures. If you find areas of hyperpigmentation, make an appointment with a dermatologist. Modern technologies and grandmother's recipes will restore the beauty of your skin.

In the following video, a dermatovenereologist will tell you everything about age spots on the body:

Every woman wants to have healthy and beautiful skin, but often not everyone succeeds. A variety of obstacles interfere with this, for example, brown spots, which annoy with their unattractive appearance. Every person who encounters this problem begins to wonder how to remove pigmentation on the face. Most often, this cosmetic effect appears over the age of 35 years. Getting rid of brown spots on the face for women can be somewhat difficult.

The appearance of pigmentation

Brown spots on the face are found in both young and older people. Most often they form between the ages of 40 and 50. These are the so-called age spots on the face of brown color. Very rarely, pigmentation can disappear without any treatment, spontaneously. As a rule, spots have a tendency to increase, and in order to get rid of them, you need to make a lot of effort.

Choice of treatment method

Many people ask the following question: "Brown spots appeared on the face, what should I do?". Pigmentation on the face is not only a cosmetic problem. The condition of the skin is more dependent on the functioning of internal systems and organs, so the fight against a variety of cosmetic problems only through masks and creams is meaningless. These methods are important only in conjunction with complex treatment. Before choosing a method of therapy, it is necessary to examine the entire body and identify the causes of the formation of brown spots.

Sometimes special cosmetics for external use can give some result - the spots can decrease in size and turn pale. However, this, as a rule, is not enough, since even a very expensive cream cannot eliminate the cause of this defect on the skin of the face. After a while, they return again, and very often become more noticeable.

The essence of the problem

Age spots are characterized by a high concentration of melanin in certain areas of the skin. You can notice the formation of moles or freckles in case of deposition of this substance in the upper layer of the epidermis. They usually do not cause any problems and do not cause discomfort.

Hyperpigmentation is caused by the accumulation of melanin in the deeper layers, with the formation of dark brown spots on the skin surface, which can sometimes even protrude a little.

Kinds

Experts distinguish the following types of pigmentation:

Brown spots on the face: causes

Melanin, which is located in different layers of the epidermis, begins to be more actively produced, and accumulates in specific areas of the skin, while it forms pigmentation on them.

Causes of brown spots on the face may include the following:

Expert advice

By themselves, freckles or moles on the face do not cause discomfort and pain, but it should be remembered that they cannot arise just like that. You should immediately go to the hospital and undergo an examination of the whole body after their appearance. In addition, it is recommended to visit such doctors as an endocrinologist, internist, gynecologist and gastroenterologist. This will help identify the causes of brown spots on the face. Only after the diagnosis is made, appropriate therapy is prescribed.

Methods for treating brown spots on the face

How to get rid of brown spots on the face? In order for them to completely disappear, it is necessary to carry out appropriate treatment, after which the spots will brighten or disappear.

To get rid of pigmentation on the face, beauty salons offer the following methods:

Whitening preparations for removing pigmentation on the face

Whitening cosmetic products are used to remove brown spots on the face. In order to avoid the appearance of more moles and freckles on the face or their darkening, it is necessary to use these bleaching agents with extreme caution. In addition, some drugs have their own contraindications, so before you start using them, you should consult your doctor.

The most famous bleaching agents:

Cream "Retin-A", stabilizing the level of melanin in the skin.
Facial mask "Belita Vitex" with acids and white clay. It removes age spots, while moisturizing the skin.
Cream "Achromin MAX" has the function of protecting the skin from exposure to sunlight and eliminates brown spots.
Cream Biokon "Snow White", which is made on the basis of licorice, white lily and lactic acid, helps prevent pigmentation on the face, and also has a sunscreen effect.
VC-IP solution with vitamin C eliminates hyperpigmentation of skin cell layers.
Zinc ointment also whitens spots very well. It has no contraindications, so it can be used by pregnant women. The ointment should be applied to age spots 2 times a day until they disappear completely.

Before using any product, be sure to read the composition and do a test for a possible allergic reaction.

Comprehensive approach and UV protection

Any problem should be treated comprehensively, like pigmentation on the face. The effectiveness of cosmetic complex products in the treatment of brown spots has been clinically proven. The action of such drugs occurs in two directions:

Providing local medical and cosmetic results.
Providing protection from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation.

These products include the Neotone complex preparation, which uses serum with such modern ingredients as licorice, alpha-arbutin, Lumiskin. It is intended for night skin care. Also among the highly effective preparations is Radiance with an increased degree of protection SPF50 +, which provides the skin with morning care. This is a very effective tool, it performs all stages of facial skin care. In addition, it is a caring and cosmetic preparation that acts as a safe means of preventing age spots.

Traditional medicine

To get rid of age spots, there are many proven and safe folk methods. A very good effect is provided by masks that are applied to the face for 25-30 minutes, after which they are washed off with water. These masks include the following:

Prevention

You should regularly exfoliate the top layer of the skin at the beautician.
Follow proper nutrition.
Protect your skin from ultraviolet radiation with cosmetics that contain shea and jojoba oils, retinol and vitamin C.
Include plenty of fruits and vegetables in your daily menu. During beriberi in the spring, it is advisable to take nicotinic acid and vitamin C.
It is undesirable to use phototoxic agents for skin prone to the appearance of age spots.

Each person strives for his face to be beautiful and well-groomed, but such a defect as age spots on the face, all the causes and necessary treatment of which will be indicated below, often become a real problem.

In the fight against a skin defect, people use a wide variety of methods - these are cosmetic creams or ointments, as well as folk methods.

Pigmentation on the forehead or in another area of \u200b\u200bthe skin of the face often worries women. A skin defect is formed in women after 35 years. It happens that pigmentation disappears on its own over time, but in most cases, such a defect has to be dealt with by appropriate methods.

Dark pigment spots on the face are presented in the form of an area of \u200b\u200bthe skin where an excessive amount of pigment, melanin, accumulates. It is present in different skin layers, but when it is concentrated in the upper structure of the epidermis, dark or pale (but distinct from skin tone) patches occur.

Brown spots never cause any torment to a person, they do not hurt, do not itch, do not become inflamed. The only thing unpleasant about skin pigmentation is that it becomes a provocateur of emotional experiences and the cause of the formation of complexes.

The causes and treatment of age spots on the face in men are somewhat different. In men, hyperpigmentation can occur when melanin is deposited deep in the skin layers. The shade of pigmentation is much darker than usual.

The pigment spot on the face is able to increase, grow and often rises on the surface of the skin. Hyperpigmentation also occurs in women, while the defect causes them significant discomfort - the stain prevents them from using cosmetics, taking off or putting on clothes.

In medicine, skin pigmentation is classified into:

freckles;
lentigo, which you can learn more about at;
chloasma;
moles or birthmarks.

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Causes

Let's designate the main causes of the appearance of age spots on the cheeks, forehead or other areas of the skin.

Heredity

Pigmentation is often caused by a hereditary factor. At the same time, with such a spot, the baby is already born, with age it is able to increase in size. A hereditary pigment spot on the face does not itch, does not itch, and does not bring any painful sensations at all.

It is almost impossible to get rid of hereditary age spots with popular cosmetic preparations or folk methods. Only stronger methods, for example, laser peeling, will help to eliminate the defect.

Changes in hormonal balance

The main reason for the appearance of age spots on the face in women is hormonal disorders. This can be a physiological change in the hormonal background (menopause) or hormonal pathology (pituitary gland).

Pigmentation due to hormonal changes is called chloasma. Doctors do not advise using cardinal methods to eliminate chloasma. Often, after hormonal stabilization, the skin defect turns pale or disappears on its own.

If pigmentation is caused by hormonal diseases, then it is important to treat the underlying pathology. After adequate treatment, pigmentation disappears.

Facial injuries

A pigment spot on the face can be represented as a bluish speck. Pigmentation provocateurs are often burns - chemical or thermal, inflammatory acne, boils, a consequence of acne extrusion. The intensity of the color scheme of the spot depends on the degree of damage to the epidermis layer.

Treatment of post-traumatic pigmentation is carried out with cosmetics. If there are no results of conservative treatment, then stronger methods (phototherapy) are used.

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays

The skin on the face is very thin and vulnerable, so a long stay in the open rays of the sun or the abuse of visiting a solarium can lead to a skin defect.

Cosmetics or folk healers help to cope with a skin defect.

Diseases of the digestive system

In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, pigmentation is often formed. The red hue of the spots indicates problems with the intestines, brown - a violation of the functionality of the liver or gallbladder, yellow-brown - kidney disease.

Pigmentation of this type does not require appropriate treatment. A person is prescribed a therapeutic diet, drug therapy. After the disease is cured, age spots disappear on their own.

Diseases of a nervous nature

Permanent nervous disorders, prolonged stress, anxiety and depression can lead to the formation of pigmentation. Stabilization of the emotional background and the use of anti-pigmentation cosmetics will help get rid of the skin defect.

Deficiency of vitamins and minerals

A very common problem. Skin pigmentation can cause a deficiency of vitamin C, as well as copper in the body. After organizing a healthy diet, saturated with vitamins and minerals, age spots turn pale and gradually disappear.

Use of low-quality cosmetics

Spots on the skin of the face, an allergic rash and other negative manifestations often appear after using natural cosmetics.

The cause of the defect is an allergic reaction of epidermal cells to natural substances. The reason for the appearance of pigmentation can also be poor-quality ingredients that make up cosmetics. Treatment of pigmentation requires the rejection of low-quality or allergenic cosmetics.

Physiological aging of the skin

After 45-50 years, skin pigmentation (lentigo) is a common phenomenon. The appearance of a skin defect is provoked by the physiological aging of skin cells, the activity of chronic pathologies, and natural hormonal imbalance.

Methods for removing age spots from the face

Pigmentation of the skin on the face is not a dangerous disease for humans, but a skin defect is a signal of changes taking place inside the body. Only a doctor is capable of determining the exact causes of pigmentation after receiving the results of the honey prescribed to the patient. examinations.

The main principle of adequate treatment of pigmentation is the elimination of the provoking factor (cause). If the formation of a skin defect is provoked due to the presence of diseases, then it is first necessary to treat the disease, and the skin defect will brighten or disappear after a complete cure on its own.

If the skin defect is provoked by other reasons, then special methods will help get rid of it.

Removal of age spots by cosmetic methods

The removal of age spots on the forehead, cheeks or other areas of the skin is done in beauty salons or by a dermatologist. The specialist recommends to the patient a certain method for removing the problem, depending on numerous factors (and especially on the severity of the problem and the physiological characteristics of the patient). Before the procedure, contraindications and all kinds of side effects must be taken into account.

Laser peeling

In the process of laser treatment of age spots on the face, laser beams are used, the effect of which occurs on the upper layer of the skin. The procedure promotes the renewal of the skin layer. Laser therapy has a positive effect on the structure of the epidermis, it helps the skin to become smooth, fresh, healthy and young.

Laser therapy is quite painfully tolerated by patients. After removal of pigmentation, the use of wound healing agents (ointments, creams) is required.

Ultrasonic peeling

In the treatment of skin pigmentation, ultrasonic peeling is used. In the process of treatment, special equipment that facilitates the penetration of active ingredients into the uppermost skin layers. The result of ultrasonic peeling is smooth, whitened skin, devoid of external defects.

Dermabrasion

Dermabrasion is used to remove age spots on the forehead and other parts of the skin of the face. The procedure is the elimination of a skin defect by mechanical resurfacing of the epidermis.

Phototherapy

To eliminate age spots after acne, phototherapy is actively used. The procedure is an impact on the problem area of a laser beam that produces pulses of light.

Light rays act directly on the pigment spot, contributing to the complete destruction of all cells with melanin accumulation.

Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy is capable of permanently getting rid of age spots after acne. The essence of the technique is the “freezing” of the problem area of the skin with liquid nitrogen. Treatment of age spots with liquid nitrogen is carried out with a cotton swab or a medical sprayer.

Cryotherapy is absolutely painless and has no contraindications. The process of treating problem areas lasts several minutes (this depends on the activity of pigmentation formation). This procedure can be repeated.

Chemical peel

If age spots appear after acne, then a chemical peel is recommended. It is carried out using acids (glycolic). The result of chem. peeling - renewed and even epidermis, elimination of pigmented dark and pale spots.

Whitening salon treatments

Beauty salon specialists can offer clients a variety of methods for eliminating pigmentation. One of them is skin whitening.

The safest pigmentation bleach is zinc paste. It can even be used to remove age spots on the lips.

A paste containing zinc is used to treat problem areas on the face. The result is skin whitening, wrinkle smoothing, acne treatment.

3% hydrogen peroxide can also act as a bleach. It is important to remember that the use of this active agent often provokes a burn, especially if pigmentation on the lips is removed.

Mercury cream is another bleaching agent. They can only be used for a short time. Moreover, it is forbidden to use this whitening technique for pregnant women and mothers who are breastfeeding newborns.

Cosmetics for age spots

Cosmetic stores and pharmacies offer a large number of products that whiten the skin and cope with pigmentation.

Effective anti-pigmentation agents are creams and ointments that contain the following active ingredients:

any acid - hyaluronic, gluconic, fruit, etc.;
mineral components - titanium dioxide;
extracts of grapes, parsley, cucumber, mulberry, lemon;
vitamins - beta-carotene, vitamin C;
arbutin;
hydroquinone;
natural vegetable oils - shea, jojoba, shea butter.

Traditional medicine recipes for age spots

Folk healers offer effective means of dealing with skin defects. The recipes are based on the use of natural products.

Parsley mask. Grind a bunch of green leaves into a soft gruel, add a small amount of honey, mix thoroughly. Apply the mixture to the problem area on the skin, leave for half an hour, then rinse with cool water. An effective remedy can even eliminate age spots in the eyelid area;
Potato mask. Grate a small potato, squeeze out excess liquid. In the resulting slurry, drive Art. a spoonful of olive oil, whole milk and oat bran. Turn everything into a homogeneous mass and apply to the area of pigmentation. Hold for 20 minutes, then rinse;
Cucumber juice. Grate 1 medium cucumber on a grater, mix the resulting juice with any nourishing cream. Use the product daily for 1 month;
Essential natural oils. Mix equal proportions of castor oil and sea buckthorn oil. Treat age spots with the resulting composition daily.

To eliminate pigmentation, decoctions of herbs (elder, dandelion, celandine, lovage) are used. The prepared product is wiped with problem skin.

Prevention of the appearance of age spots on the face

You can minimize the likelihood of pigmentation if you follow the following basics:

Avoid excessive exposure of the skin to ultraviolet rays. In the summer season, it is necessary to use sunscreen;
Do not abuse a visit to the solarium;
Limit the use of salty foods and dishes;
Organize the correct, fortified menu.