Why do Scots wear skirts? What is the name of the Scottish skirt. What is the difference between women's and men's skirts in Scotland. The kilt becomes everyday Scottish clothing
(project for the site OTZYV.RU)
In June last year, I stopped for two days in Veliky Novgorod, the city where Russian statehood was born eleven and a half centuries ago. Stayed at the Wind Rose Hotel. Lerida wrote a review about this hotel with which I completely agree.
After checking into a hotel, I went to see the main local attraction: the Novgorod Kremlin (detinets). The construction of the stone version of the citadel was completed in the 15th century. In the future, the fortress wall was repeatedly restored after destruction, and only 9 of the 12 towers survived.
Fragment of the longest towerless section of the wall. Arch - Boyar water gates. View from the right bank of the Volkhov River.
Right and closer. To the right of the belfry of St. Sophia Cathedral is the Secret Water Gate.
Vladimirskaya tower close-up.
She's on the inside. The facade of the tower is decorated with a decorative belt.
Let's continue moving counterclockwise. Two cylindrical towers: Fedorovskaya (left) and Metropolitan. Both were built by Archbishop Euthymius II of Novgorod as part of the Archbishop's Palace.
View of the Fedorovskaya Tower from the inside. The ruins of the aforementioned palace are visible, among which excavations are being carried out.
Here, it probably makes sense to give the layout of the Kremlin towers from Wikipedia.
The main entrance to the Kremlin is the Resurrection Arch. It is located on the site of the lost Resurrection Tower, which was completed with a gate church.
Zlatoust (left) and Pokrovskaya towers.
Kokuy is the tallest tower in the Kremlin. Former watchtower of the voivodship court.
I get up and take a few shots. The picture shows the aforementioned Zlatoust and Pokrovskaya towers. Both with extensions, about which - later.
Sofia side.
Epoch layer cake. I took a similar shot from the tower in the Spanish city of Valencia.
Tithe Monastery.
Government of the Novgorod region.
Yuriev Monastery.
Trade side and pedestrian bridge.
There, a little to the right. Veche Square and Yaroslav's Court.
Yaroslav's Courtyard and the Ancient Bargain close-up. In the foreground is a fragment of the Gostiny Dvor arcade. Behind it is an obelisk in honor of the feat of Sergeant Ivan Savvich Gerasimenko and privates Alexander Semyonovich Krasilov, Leonty Aseevich Cheremnov. All of them died in the Novgorod region, having closed on January 29, 1942, the embrasures of Nazi bunkers with their bodies. Behind the monument is the gate tower of Gostiny Dvor, to the right - Nikolsky Cathedral. Plus - several churches.
Time to get down. I take a picture of the nearest objects. In the picture - part of the territory of the lost voivodship court, Knyazhaya (closer) and the Spasskaya tower.
The prince's tower in full growth.
Spasskaya and Palace towers. The tent of the Spasskaya Tower is equipped with a watchtower. The lawn at the Palace Tower on the outer side of the Kremlin is one of the favorite summer vacation spots for citizens.
View of the Palace Tower from the inside.
That's all. The circle, or rather, an irregular oval, has closed.
The first thing a visitor sees when he crosses the Resurrection Arch of the Kremlin. Right - Prechistenskaya Arch, which is on the same axis with the Resurrection Arch and the pedestrian bridge across the Volkhov. Until 1745, in its place was the tower of the same name with a gate church. Collapsed. On the left is the Diocesan House, built in 1913 on the initiative of Archbishop Arseniy. Architect - Preobrazhensky. Style - pseudo-classicism. After the 17th year - the theater of the October Revolution, during the years of the fascist occupation - the stable, then - the drama theater, now - the regional philharmonic society.
Let's go forward a little and change the angle, turning counterclockwise by 135 degrees. To the right of the Diocesan House adjoins a bent house of the first third of the 18th century - the Metropolitan's chambers. In 1780 the building was rebuilt in the style of early classicism with baroque elements. Architect - Petr Romanovich Nikitin. Not only the metropolitan, but also other noble persons, including kings, stayed at the residence. Now it is one of the buildings of the Philharmonic.
Metropolitan quarters. Another angle.
Photo in the arch.
The main Novgorod temple, St. Sophia Cathedral, is adjacent to the chambers. The diocesan house, the Metropolitan's chambers and the St. Sophia Cathedral form a continuous southern border of the Vladychny (i.e. archiepiscopal) court (the residence of the Novgorod lord - the head of the executive branch of the republic) in the form of a squiggle: the numbers 27, 28 and 20, respectively, on the map, which is presented below. I will accompany further mention of objects with figures from this plan.
The most sensible scheme of the Novgorod Kremlin and its environs that I came across. Comments on it can be read here on this page.
And one more diagram. Useful for understanding the location of Vladychny and other courtyards. Taken from the page http://www.russiancity.ru/text/nov02.htm.
Also, a couple of good schemes of the Novgorod Kremlin are on the links:
http://www.ruskompas.ru/novgorodskaya_oblast_reg/velikij_novgorod/dost10469.shtml
http://arc.novgorod.ru/aleshk/ind.php3?file=article/b-krem3.txt&menu=./util/art
Sophia Cathedral (20) in all its glory. Built in 1050. The oldest Slavic Orthodox church on the territory of Russia (previously Slavic was Alanian). The domes of the temple are in the form of helmets. Museum - in Soviet times. In 1991 - returned to believers.
Stone cores of the 15th-16th centuries. at the cathedral.
The lead figure of a dove on the cross of the central dome of the cathedral. According to legend, this is a living dove, petrified (leaded, plump) from horror after watching the brutal reprisal of Ivan the Terrible over the inhabitants of Novgorod.
The Magdeburg Gates are the 12th century bronze doors of the western portal of St. Sophia Cathedral. There are different versions about the place where the gates were made and how they got to Novgorod, where they were remade by the master Avram.
Fragment of the gate.
Vladychnaya (Faceted) Chamber (22). Built in the 15th century with the participation of German architects in the Hanseatic Gothic style. Then it was rebuilt several times. Inside the chamber there are real Gothic vaults. Since 1958, an exposition has been located here that tells about the arts and crafts and jewelry of the Middle Ages.
On the left is a faceted chamber, the roof on the ground hides the remains of the chamber of Archbishop Basil Kaliki (14th century), discovered in 2008. On the right, in the background - the Nikitsky Corps (21), which forms the eastern border of the Vladychny Court. The appearance of the building took shape in the 15th-19th centuries.
Unusual window of the Nikitsky building.
Chasozvonya (36) - the clock tower, the tallest building in Detinets. It was built in the 17th century by the order of Metropolitan Joachim of Novgorod. In front of it (behind the roof over the excavations) stands the Ioannovsky (32) building (vicar building). It was built no later than the end of the 17th century. After the revolution, the building was occupied by the regional executive committee, a museum, a library, and, finally, a children's music school.
The building of the court and spiritual orders (33). Built along the Kremlin wall in the 17th century.
Another building along the wall is the Likhudov Corps (34). A Slavic-Greek school was located here (where the brothers Ioanniky and Sophrony Likhud taught), and in the 19th century a religious school. After the revolution, the building housed a tour desk and a hotel, and since 1945, a special scientific and production restoration workshop.
Leaving the Lord's Court.
In 1862, a bronze monument "The Millennium of Russia" (31) in the shape resembling a bell was erected in the center of Detinets. Architect Viktor Hartman, sculptors Ivan Shroeder and Mikhail Mekeshin. On the upper tier there are figures of an angel with a cross and a kneeling woman personifying Russia.
Fragment of the middle part of the monument. On the left - Prince Vladimir baptizes Rus', to the right - Rurik with a shield and the inscription "Summer 6370" (862 from the birth of Christ). Right - Dmitry Donskoy winner.
And here he is already on the left, and on the right - Ivan III and his defeated enemies.
Heavenly genius points the way to Peter I to the north. The total number of figures of the middle tier is 17.
Fragment of the lower tier. 109 historical figures are immortalized here, among which, for example, there are: Gedimin, Olgerd, Vitovt, Keistut, Bohdan Khmelnitsky, Bezborodko, Dibich Zabalkansky, Kantemir ...
I continue my walk inside Detinets. The picture shows the 1965 memorial "Eternal Flame of Glory" (26). It is located near the wall between the Resurrection Arch and the Zlatoust Tower. The authors are Leningrad artists and architects Ya. A. Svirsky, V. M. Skorokhodov, E. M. Rapoport, P. Yu. Yushkantsev.
Museum of Antiquities near the Zlatoust tower (8). The museum was founded in May 1865, and the building was built in 1892 in the neo-Russian style.
Intercession Church. Appeared in 1305 at the tower, which later received a similar name. The current appearance of the church settled down in the 17th century. In the 18th century there was a temple at the prison, in the 19th century there was an archive, later an almshouse. In 1968-2009 (before the tragedy with the Lame Horse), the Pokrovskaya Tower and part of the church premises were occupied by the Detinets restaurant.
Suddenly.
Judicial town (24). Three small buildings built for the residence of clergy in the 80s of the 18th century on the territory where the Voivodship Court was previously located. After the revolution, various Soviet institutions were placed in the houses, after the war - apartments for builders and restorers. Now the nearest house is occupied by the children's museum center, and the central one - by the children's art school.
Church of St. Andrew Stratilates (25). It was built (according to legend - in one day) in the 15th century as an aisle of the Borisoglebsky Cathedral, which collapsed in 1682. After the revolution - closed.
The former building of government offices (23). It was built in the classicism style in 1786. Architect - V.S. Polivanov. It housed: the treasury, the courts, the treasury chamber and other organizations. Now the building belongs to the historical and art museum.
One of the two cast-iron lions near the museum building, which were made in the 19th century for the estate of Count Arakcheev.
I move closer to the Prechistenskaya Arch.
Belfry of St. Sophia Cathedral (18). Built in 15-18 centuries. The height of the belfry allows it to rise above the Kremlin wall. There is also an observation deck here.
Next to it is an exhibition of old bells.
I leave the territory of the citadel through the Prechistenskaya arch. To be continued.
A few more photos of fragments of the Magdeburg Gates for a snack.
I recommend watching the following videos about the Novgorod citadel:
Velikiy Novgorod. Detinets and his treasures. 2 parts. Russian Orthodox TV
Velikiy Novgorod. Wonders of Russia
Veliky Novgorod city-state. Alexei Trusov (Kremlin - from the position of 19.10. Total timing - 1 hour 21 minutes)
Detinets- This is the Novgorod Kremlin. In principle, earlier (XI-XIV centuries) all Russian Kremlins were called detintsy, but for some reason this name has stuck to the Novgorod one to this day. The origin of the word "detinets" is still debated. There is a version that it arose from the word "children"! Since, during enemy attacks, children were hidden behind the walls of the fortress. According to another version, from the word "children" - that was the name of the princely combatants. Someone erects the etymology of the word from the verb "det" - to place; and "grandfathers" - elders.
A GARDEN DISTRICT \u003d FORTRESS.
And this is all during the time of WOODEN fortresses, centuries before the XIII - XIV? (before firearms, for sure).
The main misconception about the Novgorod citadel is the opinion that it was here that Rurik came to reign, and subsequently Oleg and the young Igor went from here to conquer Kyiv. In fact, the first chronicle mention of the Novgorod fortress dates back to 1044. In that year, the first wooden fortress was laid, it was under Prince Vladimir Yaroslavich. Who was the son of Yaroslav Mudrov, the grandson of the Baptist of Rus' Vladimir, the great-grandson of Svyatoslav, and the great-great-grandson of the aforementioned young prince Igor.
In 1333, a gradual restructuring of the citadel from wooden to stone began. This construction was gradual and long. First, all the towers were erected in stone in turn, and then the walls were rebuilt. Stone construction was completed only by the end of the 15th century, when Novgorod was conquered by the Moscow prince Ivan III.
1. The Novgorod citadel stands on a hill located at a height of 10 m above the Volkhov level. The outer perimeter of its walls is 1487 m, the greatest length from north to south is 565 m, the width from west to east is 220 m. The total area inside the walls is 12.1 hectares. 
2. The walls are made of limestone and cobblestones with lime mortar, the outer layer is made of red brick 1-2.5 bricks thick. The thickness of the fortress walls in different parts is not the same - from 3.6 to 6.5 m. The height varies from 8 to 15 m. At present, most of the walls, restored in 1950-1960. under the leadership of A. V. Vorobyov, has the appearance of the XV century. 
3. A distinctive feature of Novgorod Detinets was the construction of gate churches. In the construction of the gate temples of Detinets, the main role belonged to the Novgorod archbishops, and the princes no longer participated in the construction. 
4. The main attraction inside Detinets is St. Sophia Cathedral - the oldest Orthodox church in Russia. 
5. Sophia Cathedral was built in 1045-1050. under Prince Vladimir Yaroslavich. Consecrated by Bishop Luke. 
6. In Rus', several churches were built dedicated to Sophia, the Wisdom of God. In addition to Novgorod, also in Kyiv and Polotsk, and already centuries later in other cities. And the cathedral of the same name in Constantinople, the then center of Orthodoxy in the world, served as a prototype for them. 
7. Magdeburg gates - bronze doors of the XII century. For several centuries, the gate served as a solemn entrance to the cathedral. Currently, they are open only during the holidays, when the service is led by the Metropolitan of Novgorod and Starorussky. 
8. Muzzles holding door handles in their mouths remind me of something Buddhist-Asian. 
9. The gates were made by Western European masters. Scenes from the Old and New Testaments with figures of people, animals, architectural details are made with great artistic skill. 
10. Belfry of St. Sophia Cathedral (Sofia belfry) - an architectural monument of the XV-XVIII centuries in the Novgorod citadel. It is a multi-span wall-shaped bell-shaped structure. For the first time in the annals it is mentioned in 1437, when it contains information that during the flood the belfry fell into the Volkhov along with the fortress wall. 
11. In the belfry at the exhibition "Ancient Bells of Veliky Novgorod", 14 bells are presented: weighing from 1.5 to 20 pounds. 
12. Likhudov Corps. XVII century. 
13. The Faceted (Vladychnaya) Chamber is the only monument of civil architecture in Russia, made in the Gothic style. Solemn receptions took place in the chamber, the boyar council of gentlemen also met here. According to the chronicle, by order of the archbishop in 1436, a clock was installed on the front facade of the Faceted Chamber, which regularly struck the time. 
14. Fedorovskaya tower - a cylindrical tower of the Novgorod citadel, a monument of military defense architecture of the 15th century. The loopholes are large with arched ends, shaped like window openings closed with wooden shutters. 
15. Zlatoust tower - a quadrangular blind tower of the Novgorod citadel. The tower has four tiers, erected at the end of the 15th century. The name of the tower comes from the nearby church of St. John Chrysostom, built in the 14th century and existed until 1694. 
16. Pokrovskaya tower - a quadrangular tower of the Novgorod citadel. Built at the end of the 16th century. Rectangular in plan 16 × 10.5 m with six combat tiers. The height of the tower with battlements is 18 m, and the thickness of the walls at the level of the first tier is more than 3 m. The tower is crowned with a thirteen-meter tent, the tower protrudes beyond the fortress wall by more than 9 m. The walls of the monument are cut through by loopholes - 55 loopholes. Of all the ceilings, the duct vaults of the two lower tiers have been preserved. 
17. Kokuy (Kukui, Kalancha, Kalanchovskaya) - a quadrangular tower in the southwestern part of the Novgorod citadel. The tower is rectangular in plan 8.5 × 10.4 m. The height of the tower with a dome is 38.5 m, and the thickness of the walls at the level of the first tier is 2 m. The tower is crowned with a ten-meter tent. 
18. Prince's tower - a quadrangular tower in the southwestern part of the Novgorod citadel. The tower in plan is a “square” 9 × 9.8 m. The height of the tower with battlements is 18.5 m, and the thickness of the walls at the level of the first tier is 2 m. The tower is crowned with a ten-meter tent. 
19. Spasskaya tower - a travel tower of the Novgorod citadel, a building of the late 15th century. The tower is six-tiered, in plan it is an elongated rectangle 15 × 8.3 m. The width of the passage is 3 m. The height of the walls is 19 m, and the thickness of the walls at the level of the second tier is 2 m. The tower is crowned with a fifteen-meter tent with a watch tower, restored according to the descriptions of the 17th century. The southern facade is decorated with three round rosettes and an ornamental belt of rhombuses. The passage is closed with bars. A staircase in the thickness of the wall led to the second tier. The upper towers served combat purposes. 
20. Palace tower - a quadrangular deaf (impassable) tower of the Novgorod citadel. The tower in plan is a “square” 10.2 × 11.2 m. The height of the tower with battlements is 20 m, and the thickness of the walls at the level of the second tier is 2 m. The tower is crowned with a nine-meter tent. Initially, the tower had six tiers; the vault of the lower tier was presumably dismantled at the end of the 16th century. There are 37 loopholes and trench openings in the tower. There are two openings in the lower part of the tower: a door opening on the side of the citadel and a gate opening on the Volkhov side. On the facade facing the source of the Volkhov, there are decorative elements: three round rosettes, a narrow brick strip of a runner and a semi-roll; on several loopholes, internal paintings have been preserved. 
21. This place used to be the Resurrection Tower. But after the destruction, it was not restored, but a large arched passage was built on this site. 
Novgorod Kremlin Detinets in Veliky Novgorod is the most visited attraction and great reviews. Mentions of the Novgorod Detinets or the Novgorod Kremlin were in 1044. A visit to Detinets in Novgorod is an obligatory part of getting to know the history of the city. Acquaintance with Detinets in Veliky can be carried out in at least two stages, the first time you can just wander around the Kremlin and get acquainted with the main buildings and structures on your own or with a guide, and at the second stage you can visit museums and temples, each separately, but with an excursion.
- history of Novgorod Detinets or Novgorod Kremlin
- where is Novgorod Detinets or Novgorod Kremlin
- the main attractions of Detinets in Veliky Novgorod
- opening hours and prices Detinets Kremlin Veliky Novgorod
History of Novgorod Detinets or Novgorod Kremlin
The history of the Novgorod Detinets or the Novgorod Kremlin in Veliky Novgorod goes back to the distant past of Russia. Novgorod Kremlin, and in the old days it was called Detinets, the oldest of all preserved in Russia. The origin of the name Detinets is not exactly known, so why they call Novgorod Detinets, and not the Novgorod Kremlin, there are three main theories.
One and the bottom says that Detinets came from Children, since in the event of an attack by enemies, it was necessary to save the children and they were collected in a fortified place in the Kremlin in the fortress. The other says that from the word of Grandfathers, that is, the elders who gathered to resolve various issues in this place, and the third from the fact that princely warriors, called youths, children, lived in it. There are many more and very strange assumptions, but I do not want to voice them. However, the first mention of Detinets dates back to 1044. The Novgorod Kremlin was founded by Prince Vladimir Yaroslavich, on the left bank of the Volkhov.
The Kremlin was located on a hill and there is nothing surprising, because it served as a fortress in the event of an attack on the inhabitants of the district. Princes, boyars, clergy lived inside it. The territory of Detinets was also used for trade.
Where is Novgorod Detinets or Novgorod Kremlin
Where is the Novgorod Detinets or the Novgorod Kremlin in Veliky Novgorod? In the center of the city of Veliky Novgorod, since Detinets has become a city-forming dominant. If you drive from St. Petersburg by car, then after turning off the M10 highway, Bolshaya St. Petersburg Street will lead you to the Kremlin Park. On the map, Novgorodsky Detinets is marked with a blue sign. The red sign marks the beginning of our journey through the Kremlin. The yellow icon marks another landmark of Veliky Novgorod, Yaroslav's settlement.
The main attractions of the Kremlin Detinets in Veliky Novgorod
The main attractions of the Kremlin Detinets in Veliky Novgorod are located inside the Kremlin walls. However, do not forget that the Kremlin itself, with its fortress wall and towers and a moat in a circle, is a historical value. Since we were staying at the hotel, we started our acquaintance with the Kremlin from the side of the Volkhov River. Crossing from one bank to another along the Kremlin bridge, you can see the Kremlin walls, watchtowers and domes of the cathedral.
View of the Kremlin from the Kremlin bridge
On the bridge, as in many places in the world, newlyweds and not only broadcast their castles on bridges. So the Kremlin bridge in Veliky Novgorod did not remain an exception in this list.
Locks on the Kremlin bridge Having crossed the bridge, we move to the gate in the Kremlin wall.
Gate in the Kremlin wall At the gate we are met by the next guide in the form of the mayor Sbyslav. Looking ahead, I would like to note the very good work of the guide. Now, if someone does not remember from history who the posadnik is. Here is a definition from Wikipedia: Posadnik - the head of the city, "planted" (appointed) by the prince (initially, then by the veche), in the lands that were part of the Old Russian state. The posadnik was subordinate to the people's veche and controlled the power of the prince, was in charge of the posad army, law enforcement, and the court.
Our guide in the form of a posadnik Sbyslav After passing through the gate, you get to the central alley, which, as it were, divides the territory of the Kremlin into two halves, and along it you can go to the other gates of Detinets. In the photo they are visible in the distance from the red brick, there we will end our journey, and who will start their acquaintance with the Novgorod Detinets from there.
In order to better navigate the places where we will pass, the following photo shows a map of the Novgorod Kremlin with a diagram of our movement.
Map of the Novgorod Kremlin and our route Now we are on the route at the turn from point 1 to point 2. Sbyslav (our guide) starts the tour of the Kremlin from the belfry of St. Sophia Cathedral.
On the right side is the belfry of St. Sophia Cathedral At points two of our route, he told about the history of the belfry and the big bell.
A story about the history of the belfry and the big bell At the foot of the belfry there are five ancient monumental bells, while modern cast bells hang at the top.
According to historians, the dimensions of the belfry in terms of plan have not changed since 1439. However, the exact date of its construction is not known, but there is information in the annals that in 1437 the belfry was destroyed along with the Kremlin wall as a result of erosion of the Volkhov River. And in 1439 it was rebuilt.
In the summer, you can go up to the observation deck and visit the Bell Museum.
Further, our path lay to the St. Sophia Cathedral. Sophia Cathedral is the oldest temple in Russia, built in 1045-1050. commissioned by Prince Vladimir of Novgorod, son of Yaroslav the Wise. The main Orthodox shrine of St. Sophia Cathedral is the icon of the Sign of the Most Holy Theotokos (Our Lady of the Sign) - one of the most revered Orthodox icons. The remains of such saints as Princes Fedor and Mstislav, Princess Irina and her son Vladimir, Archbishops John and Nikita are buried in the cathedral. Photo of St. Sophia Cathedral from point 3 of our trip.
If you go around the temple in a circle and reach point four, you can see an unpainted piece of ancient murals and a gate under them.
Sophia Cathedral west side In order to better consider a fragment of frescoes and a very old and no less famous Magdeburg Gate, we will move to point five.
Fragment of frescoes These are the western gates and they are considered the main ones, and they open during solemn services.
Magdeburg Gates of the Cathedral These gates are also unusual. They came to Novgorod as a war trophy from Sweden in the 12th century. The gates were made in Germany, in the city of Magdeburg. At the Magdeburg Gates of the Cathedral
the bronze depicts biblical and gospel scenes. Sbyslav (our guide) told about many, it was interesting to listen.
Opposite the Magdeburg Gates of St. Sophia Cathedral, a panorama of the northern part of the territory of the fortress is known as Vladychny Dvor, since it was there that the residence of the Novgorod archbishop was located. When visiting the sights of Detinets in Veliky Novgorod on your own, information boards are installed on the territory of the Kremlin, which will allow you to orient yourself on the spot.
But since you are on our site, for a quick understanding of what kind of buildings are shown in the photo, the following photo was slightly spoiled by explanatory inscriptions.
Historical buildings of Vladychny yard There is now a museum in the Vladychnaya or Faceted Chamber, we advise you to visit it. Works from 10-00 to 18-00 closed Monday. The cost of tickets to visit the Faceted Chamber in Veliky Novgorod is 150 rubles. for adults. In the foreground you can see the roof in the snow - this is the excavation of the chambers of Archbishop Vasily in 1350. From a different angle, you can see a little better.
Excavation of the chambers of Archbishop Basil 1350 And now we are moving to the monument to the Millennium of Russian Statehood, this is point 6.
The silhouette of the monument was associated with two important symbols of Russian and Novgorod history - an attribute of royal power, the Monomakh's hat and the veche bell. There are more than 100 characters of Russian history on the monument.
The guide spoke very interestingly about many and reminded us of the history of our country. Next to the monument to the Millennium of Russian Statehood, there is the Office Building.
At present, the Office Building houses the regional library and departments of the museum. The following exhibitions can be visited in the Government Building:
- Exposition "Russian Icon of the 11th - 19th Centuries"
- Exposition "History of Novgorod and Novgorod land from ancient times to the end of the 17th century"
- Exhibition "Novgorod in the history of the Russian state"
- Exhibition "Old Russian carved wood XIV - XVIII centuries."
Exhibitions in the Office Building are open from 10-00 to 18-00 Tuesday closed.
In front of the Office Building, our guide, in the form of a mayor Sbyslav, handed us over to his “wife”, who spent the games of those times with us, it was fun and a little warmer, because before that we stood and sometimes moved, and now it was necessary to dance and run around each other.
Our guide in the image of the mayor Sbyslav and his "wife" After the round dances, we moved to the exit from the Kremlin. On the way, we once again looked at the St. Sophia Cathedral in Novgorodsky Detinets, now from its southern side, from the side of the central alley and the monument to the Millennium of Russian Statehood, point number eight on the map.
Sophia Cathedral from the side of the monument to the Millennium of Russian Statehood Coming out through the gates from the Novgorod Kremlin of Detinets, you find yourself on a bridge thrown over a barrage ditch.
Why do Scots wear skirts
The kilt is considered the national symbol of Scotland. He personifies the courage and bravery of the harsh highlanders. How the checkered kilt went from a must-have piece of clothing to a symbol of independence - further in the review.
It is generally accepted that the kilt appeared in Scotland around the 7th century. In the village of Nigg there is a stone depicting a man in a kilt dating from this period. The first written mention of a men's skirt dates back to the 16th century. Bishop Leslie, in his reports to the Pope, wrote: “Their clothes are practical and great for battle. Everyone wears the same type of cape."
If we recall the humid climate of Scotland, it becomes clear that in the highlands, wearing trousers was impractical, because the feet quickly got wet. And in kilts, they quickly crossed the area, these clothes dried perfectly and were at night instead of a blanket. It is worth noting that at first only residents of the mountainous regions of the country preferred kilts to trousers.
There are two types of kilts: large and small. The first is a large woolen cloth that is draped around the waist, fastened with a belt and thrown over the shoulder. A “lightweight” version of a kilt, that is, without a top, appeared in the 18th century, when an “extra” piece of fabric began to interfere with workers in production.
The word "kilt" itself is translated from Old Norse as "folded". It is made of tartan - a woolen fabric with colored intersecting lines that form the famous check. Each clan had its own kind of pattern on the fabric, which allowed the inhabitants to immediately determine where strangers came from.
By tradition, the highlanders went to war in kilts, but if necessary they could take them off. In 1645, during the battle, the Scots threw off their skirts and defeated the enemy twice as superior (then there was no concept of underwear). One can only guess why the enemy fell: from the ferocity of the highlanders or their appearance.
A funny picture about curious ladies and Scots.
Sean Connery is a British actor of Scottish descent.
The kilt is also considered a symbol of freedom. In the 18th century, the English government deprived Scotland of independence and, among other things, obliged the population to wear trousers. The highlanders, in turn, continued to walk in kilts, and carried trousers with them, stretched on sticks. Then the authorities completely adopted a law prohibiting the wearing of kilts. For disobedience, residents were threatened with a 6-month prison sentence, and for repeated - exile in a colony for 7 years. But it was not possible to expel everyone, and the highest circles of the nobility of Scotland continued to wear checkered vestments in protest. Today, the kilt is considered an integral part of the culture of Scotland, and its people are proud of this clothing and outraged when the kilt is called a skirt. (With)
