Properties of chemical peels. What are the types of chemical peels? When can you do a chemical peel?

Having decided to write an article on the topic "Chemical peels", I did not doubt for a second that I would not do it alone, because in practice, cosmetologists perform superficial-median, median and deep peels, and superficial ones are performed by nurses in cosmetology. Therefore, my “right hand” Alexandra took an active part in writing this article.

Everyone knows that since 2009, the profession of “cosmetologist” has officially appeared in Russia, there has been a well-known division into “household services” and “cosmetology services”, hairdressing salons that offered “Botox injections” are a thing of the past. Now in medical centers providing cosmetology services, as a rule, cosmetologists and cosmetology nurses work. And it is no coincidence. The initial consultation, of course, is carried out by doctors, but then there is a “separation of powers”, all injection procedures are performed by cosmetologists, and procedures without breaking the skin are performed by cosmetologist nurses. These include all types of cleanings (including ultrasonic and mechanical), massages, cosmetic treatments, eyebrow and eyelash architecture, various options for epilation and depilation, as well as superficial chemical peels.

Chemical peel

Today, perhaps, there is no better procedure that simultaneously solves such a wide range of skin problems as chemical peeling. The properties of acids to renew the skin through its controlled damage suggest solving such problems as seborrhea and acne, scars, age-related skin changes (in particular, static wrinkles), hyperpigmentation of various origins, rosacea, etc. Is chemical peeling a panacea for all skin imperfections? Let's figure it out in this article.

Chemical peel- this is a controlled damage to the skin with the help of chemical agents in order to correct the aesthetic imperfections of the skin. As chemicals, preparations containing AHA (alpha hydroxy acids) and BHA (beta hydroxy acids) are used. Among the AHA acids, the most popular are lactic, mandelic, glycolic, pyruvic. Among BHA acids, salicylic acid remains the favorite.

Chemical peels are classified according to the depth of exposure to superficial (the level of the stratum corneum), superficial-median (working at the level of the entire epidermis), median (impact to the basement membrane with partial work at the level of the papillary dermis) and deep (to the border of the reticular dermis). It should be noted that superficial and medium peels are more often used in cosmetology. Deep peels (phenolic) are currently performed extremely rarely, which is associated with the high toxicity of the drug (both for the patient and for the cosmetologist himself) and the development of hardware methods for correcting cosmetic deficiencies, which are not inferior in efficiency to deep peels, but have a minimal risk of side effects and complications.

Ask an expert

Natalya Anatolyevna, you have been a recognized expert in the field of chemical peels for many years. How has the concept of chemical peels changed lately and what place do they occupy in modern aesthetic medicine at the moment?

Peeling without destruction of the basement membrane (can be of different composition - chemical, enzymatic, retinoic; can be presented in different forms - lotion, gel, cream, mask, etc.) allows you to quickly and without consequences bring the skin into a presentable appearance, very gently and safely stimulate its renewal, is a relatively inexpensive procedure of choice for the vast majority of patients and should occupy a strong position in aesthetic medicine. More traumatic types of peels are also effective, but should be used less often and with more strictly verified indications. Over the past few years, I have only strengthened in this position, but the general situation demonstrates that at present, even for patients who do not have previous experience in non-traumatic care procedures, injection and hardware methods of exposure are increasingly being offered at the initial visit to a cosmetologist. And patients, motivated by the media and the fear of not being like everyone else, irretrievably late in the fight against aging, sincerely believe in the correctness of this approach. At the same time, a paradoxical picture is often observed - a lot of invasive expensive procedures have been done, but the condition of the skin itself leaves much to be desired. And I just want to do a light, very superficial peeling or mask and wipe the skin with a lotion.

Peeling choice

When choosing a peeling, we will rely on the following criteria:

The concentration of active ingredients, that is, the percentage of acid input (the higher the concentration of chemical agents, the stronger the peeling effect and the higher the result, but at the same time the irritant ability also increases).
peeling pH. This indicator is often forgotten, but a change of just 0.5 can dramatically change the response of the skin. For example, glycolic peeling with a pH of 2.5, when applied correctly, will provoke a gentle exfoliation of horny scales, lighten pigmentation, stimulate the division of keratinocytes and enhance metabolic processes in the skin. However, glycol peels with a pH of 2.0 are no longer recommended for patients with subtype 1 rosacea, as they will provoke a vascular reaction.
Peeling texture: gel or in the form of a solution (water-alcohol). For gel, the penetration depth depends on the exposure time, the penetration is slow, respectively, there is less skin irritation. It must be washed off with water before neutralization. In water-alcohol penetration depth depends on the number of applied layers, it is necessary to wait for each layer to dry and carefully monitor the reaction of the skin, immediately neutralize if bright erythema or frost appears.

The depth of chemical peeling and the number of procedures are selected individually by a cosmetologist or dermatologist, and directly depend on the patient's health (history is carefully collected), age, skin condition and phototype. Recently, special attention has also been paid to the profession and lifestyle, which is associated with possible rehabilitation (peeling, redness, the appearance of a feeling of "tightening", etc.).

Skin phototypes: Fitzpatrick classification

There is a Fitzpatrick skin classification that describes the degree of skin pigmentation and the ability to tan. This classification subdivides the skin according to the risk factors for complications of chemical peeling. Fitzpatrick distinguishes six types of skin, taking into account both its color and reaction to the sun:

I type. Celtic
Soft skin, milky white, often freckled, red or very blond hair, and blue or green eyes. The formation of melanin in the skin is insignificant, sunburn is possible, tanning is practically not preserved (more often residents of Ireland, Scandinavia, Scotland. Example: Rene Zellweger, Nicole Kidman)
II type. Light European
Typical blondes. Light skin, few or no freckles. The hair is light brown, from light blond to gray-blond. The eyes are blue, grey, greenish. The tan does not fit well, a slight golden tint remains (approximately 70% of the European population. Example: Marilyn Monroe, Charlize Theron)
III type. Dark European
Skin color changes seasonally. In winter, the skin is light, has a high contrast with the hair. In the summer, when tanning, the contrast between the skin and hair is sharply reduced, the skin acquires a swarthy shade. Hair is medium blond to dark blond, medium brown to dark brown. Eyes from light brown to dark brown, gray-green, dark green (population of Kazakhstan, Central Asia. Example: Natalie Portman, Audrey Hepburn)
IV type. Mediterranean or South European
The skin is dark olive. Hair from dark brown to the color of bitter chocolate. The eyes are rich brown shades, the iris contrasts sharply with the bluish white of the eyes. The skin of this type quickly acquires an even bronze tan (representatives of Armenia, Italy. Example: Monica Belucci, Salma Hayek)
V type. Indonesian, or Middle Eastern
The skin is very complex with a yellow tinge. Hair dark brown to black. The eyes are rich brown, closer to black (inhabitants of China, India, Korea. Example: Lucy Liu, Nicole Scherzinger)
VI type. African Americans
The skin is very dark (ethnic). Hair and eyes are as dark as possible. This type has the highest level of melanin (the indigenous population of the African continent. Example: Beyoncé, Naomi Campbell)

For our region, phototypes from I to IV are the most relevant.

Patients with type I and II skin and significant photodamage need constant sun protection before and after chemical peels. However, the risk of developing hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation in these individuals is quite low. Patients with skin types III and IV after chemical peels are at greater risk of pigmentary dyschromia - hyper- or hypopigmentation - and may need pre- and subsequent use of not only a sunscreen, but also a bleaching agent to prevent these complications. The risk of discoloration is not too great after a very superficial or superficial peel, but it can become a significant problem after a medium or deep chemical peel.

The use of peels: the pros and cons

Let us analyze in more detail the process of skin renewal, dividing its pros and cons.

The positive effect of peeling associated with effects at the level of the epidermis and dermis:

Chemical acids stimulate the division of keratinocytes, enhance the synthesis of signal molecules; the epidermis becomes more dense, elastic and uniform.
The growth of new blood vessels begins, which are necessary for the delivery of building materials, cellular elements to the area of restoration work, as well as the removal of metabolites.
Under the influence of growth factors, fibroblasts are activated, which begin to build a collagen framework. This scaffold facilitates the movement of keratinocytes that restore the epidermis.

This process leads to smoothing of the skin, increasing its firmness and elasticity.

However, it is also important to remember side effects of chemical peels that arise due to non-compliance with post-peeling care or an incorrectly selected procedure:

Keratinocytes (the main cells of the epidermis - the surface layer of the skin), which are under stress, secrete substances that stimulate the formation of melanin, which can eventually provoke the appearance of hyperpigmentation.
The occurrence of persistent hyperemia (redness).
Exacerbation of a dermatological disease (most often in their practice, cosmetologists face an exacerbation of a herpes infection).
Scars (most often occur after median peels, for this reason, these techniques can only be performed by certified specialists).

The history of chemical peeling goes back over 3,000 years. Back in the day, the products of milk fermentation (lactic acid) were used by Egyptians to brighten their faces. In the 1980s, after studying the effect of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and phenol on the skin, the first chemical peeling procedure was performed in the United States. In Russia, the procedure appeared relatively recently - in the late 90s, but today it is one of the most popular procedures performed in a cosmetology office.

Expert opinion

I would clearly distinguish between the importance of non-traumatic peels, which do not lead to irreversible skin changes, and peels with damage to the basal layer.

I deliberately avoid the terms “superficial” and “deep”, since there is no single attitude on this issue.

For those who are mainly engaged in invasive techniques, peeling within the entire epidermis, but without destroying the basal layer, will still be superficial, and for those who are afraid of even slight peeling and redness, just contact with living cells of the epidermis will already be a sign of a deep impact. And it can be both doctors and cosmetologists with a secondary medical education. I have seen many dermatologists who are afraid to apply even a cream or lotion with a small concentration of acids on themselves.

So, from the point of view of the “efficacy / safety” profile, in my opinion, the most important are various options for exfoliation within the stratum corneum with infrequent (2-3 times a year) depressions to the layers of living cells, without damaging the basal layer. It is this peeling that should be one of the main tools of a cosmetologist. Recovery after such peeling occurs quickly and fully. According to my observations, people who receive regular, very gentle and non-aggressive care, which, if necessary, includes light peeling, combined with the basic rules of a healthy lifestyle, maintain good skin condition for a very long time. And if the heredity is also good, then there is no need to resort to manipulations that damage the skin.

But this is from the point of view of common sense and a non-commercial approach to the problem.

In fact, on the one hand, there is an increase in the comfort of life and the emergence of free time, which allows you to think too much about yourself, which means you are more and more afraid of old age, “ugliness”, inconsistency with fashion trends invented by someone.

On the other hand, there is an overproduction of not only goods, but also ideas that are not always optimal and necessary, but allow you to earn money.

And the change in trends and predilections taking place in aesthetic medicine is not so much the result of truly scientific achievements, but rather a reflection of the processes taking place in society.

Recently, in some countries, including Russia, there has been a bias towards the use of injection and hardware techniques. It is fashionable, well advertised, subconsciously perceived as a more radical method of influence, since a syringe or complex technique is traditionally associated with something more effective than a pill or ointment. And, what is very important, it is profitable, a much larger profit is obtained per unit of time than when performing care, massages, and training in gymnastics. It is very difficult for all participants in the process (doctors, patients, and manufacturers) to accept that despite the tremendous technological progress, we are still very far from being able to radically influence the processes that determine age and other characteristics of the body. “We are flying into space, which means that cosmetic devices and high-tech drugs should decide everything,” this is the logic that is typical for very many. Under the influence of these factors, doctors believe in injections and devices much more than in simple manipulations, including superficial peeling.

It is no coincidence that I say “doctors believe” and not “doctors have proven, doctors know”, because despite the ever-increasing requirements for training, an increasing number of congresses and conferences, the general level of understanding of what really proven facts are, and what is wishful thinking, passing off as real, remains still low. Everyone wants to “rejuvenate” and effectively “rejuvenate”. And this is the reason for the perception of information and practical data: we see what we want to see, we believe in what we want and it is profitable to believe. In fact, for complete skin care, very simple and affordable effects are still relevant.

Most of the aesthetic defects in the appearance of women help to correct chemical peels for the face, the types of which have features. Some acid exfoliation procedures are recommended for young skin problems, such as acne or acne, for others, young age is a contraindication. Some peels with acid solutions help to achieve noticeable, but painful rejuvenation, while others act gently, have a cumulative effect and require frequent repetition. We will talk about the nuances of acid procedures, their benefits and frequency of use below.

Benefits of chemical peels

The mechanism of skin renewal with the help of chemical exfoliation is the same for all types of such peeling. Its basis is the application of natural or synthesized acids to the skin in a medical (weak) concentration. Acid solutions cause an artificial chemical burn of the thin skin of the face of I, rarely II degree.

Each type of chemical peel, even light for decorative purposes, destroys the top dead layer of the epithelium. Cosmetic compositions for anti-aging exfoliation penetrate even deeper - to the middle dermal layer, and peeling products for cardinal rejuvenation, whose action is comparable to surgical lifting, work extremely deep - at the border of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Injured by acid solutions, the skin tends to regenerate as soon as possible - peeling provokes a change in internal processes in the epidermis. The synthesis of collagen and elastin protein filaments is launched, oxygen and nutrition are supplied to the cells, blood flow is accelerated, clogged pores are cleared and become thinner.

The positive and quick effect of chemical peels is noticed by everyone who prefers them over mechanical or hardware exfoliation. For 2-3 procedures of acid rejuvenation, signs of age disappear from the face (mimic wrinkles and folds, rosacea, age spots), the consequences of dermatological diseases (inflammation, skin roughness after acne or acne, redness after infection with the subcutaneous mite Demadecosis), traces of injuries (scars, scars, striae). The same aesthetic results can be achieved with physical peels. But it will be longer, more expensive and, in the case of some procedures, more painful.

All types of chemical peels create stressful conditions for skin renewal, but in the end their effect is positive and justified. A course of anti-aging procedures helps to improve the complexion and smooth the skin, get rid of defects and increase the elasticity of the epidermis.

Chemical peels, regardless of type, have several common indications:

problematic skin with increased greasiness, comedones and foci of inflammation;
the appearance of age spots as a consequence of photoaging or age-related skin changes;
mimic and age wrinkles, omission of tissues, flabbiness of the skin, change in the shape of the face;
enlarged and clogged pores;
tuberosity of the skin after dermatological diseases;
scars and scars after injuries or thermal burns;
vascular "asterisks" on the face (rosacea);
preparation for other cosmetic procedures.

All types of chemical facial peels have several common contraindications:

exacerbation of the herpes virus and chronic diseases;
insulin dependence;
pregnancy and lactation;
wounds, abrasions, scratches and cracks in the skin on the face;
taking hormonal drugs;
individual intolerance to peeling components;
oncology;
adolescence;
recent course of radiotherapy.

The choice in favor of a certain type of chemical peel should not be independent. The least that arrogance leads to is a violation of the protocol of the procedure and its inefficiency. Sometimes inappropriate peeling results in serious complications for the skin and long-term rehabilitation in a clinical setting.

Therefore, before deciding on a course of acid peels, consult a cosmetologist.

Before a session of chemical exfoliation, ask a specialist to perform an allergy test for the active ingredients of the drug. To do this, a drop of the product is applied to the inner bend of the elbow or the delicate skin behind the ear. If within 15 minutes an allergic reaction does not appear, peeling is suitable.

A variety of chemical peeling of the face depends on the depth of penetration of the acid preparation into the skin. Soft and sparing peels are classified as superficial, means of combating age-related changes and hyperpigmentation are referred to as medium peels, and radical chemical liftings are referred to as deep ones.

Easy peels: acting on the surface

Surface peels are popular and available to perform even at home. This gentle and safe exfoliation is recommended as the main treatment for young oily skin prone to acne, acne and UV pigmentation, as well as maintenance care for women over 35 years old.

The active components of superficial peels penetrate no deeper than 0.06 mm of the epidermal layer, so their action is considered gentle and less traumatic. This is enough to exfoliate dead skin cells, smooth out light mimic wrinkles and irregularities after acne, narrow and cleanse pores, and lighten pigmentation. Light peels do not cause significant damage to the skin: the procedures are painless and do not require long rehabilitation - the skin heals within 5-7 days.

Superficial types of peels do not require special skin preparation. To achieve a noticeable and lasting effect, cleansing should be carried out in courses of 6-8 sessions with an interval of a week. Surface treatments can be repeated every 3 months from late October to early April.

Superficial chemical peels, the types of which are determined by the main acid in the cosmetic solution, quickly penetrate the skin and stimulate the production of collagen and elastin fibers. Light exfoliating formulations may contain natural fruit acids such as malic, citric, tartaric, or other keratolytics such as salicylic, glycolic, lactic, mandelic, pyruvic, retinoic, azelaic, phytic, and other types of acids. These compounds are known as alpha hydroxy acids or AHAs, and they gently break down dead skin cells and promote skin renewal.

Very popular among superficial peels are:

glycolic peel. The glycolic acid exfoliation procedure is valued by cosmetologists and their clients for its painlessness, effectiveness and minimal risk of side effects. The compound molecule is so small that it can penetrate the skin in seconds, causing the synthesis of protein filaments and the strengthening of intercellular membranes. Glycolic peeling transforms dry skin, moisturizing it and smoothing out the network of fine wrinkles. The skin becomes firm and elastic. Peeling with glycolic acid is a proven prevention of age-related changes and unwanted pigmentation;
milk peeling. One of the weakest cleansing procedures recommended for those with sensitive skin. Lactic acid peeling helps to refresh the complexion and even out the first mimic wrinkles;
almond peeling with phenoxyglycolic acid obtained from bitter almonds. A special indication for almond exfoliation is rosacea (the appearance of extensive redness, painful papules and pustules on the skin), concomitant signs of photoaging, acne and fine wrinkles.

Depending on the sensitivity of the skin and indications for exfoliation, the superficial peeling procedure lasts from 15 minutes to half an hour. During the session, the woman experiences a slight tingling of the face and a tolerable burning sensation. The next day after peeling, the skin turns red, but this reaction disappears within 5 days.

On the border of superficial and median peels, there are 3 types of mixed type exfoliation: retinoic (yellow) peeling, salicylic peeling and Jessener peeling. They are also well tolerated by the skin, but the components of the peeling agents penetrate deeper than the hardened epidermis.

retinoic peeling is multi-component. The composition of preparations for "yellow" exfoliation includes several acids, the main of which is a synthetic analogue of vitamin A. Retinol normalizes the production and distribution of melanocytes in the subcutaneous tissue, the accumulation of which provokes pigmentation. Therefore, retinoic peeling is considered an effective means of getting rid of brown spots on the face. "Companions" of retinol in the "yellow" peeling complement the aesthetic transformation: phytic acid slows down cell aging, kojic acid acts as an antioxidant, azelaic disinfects and relieves inflammation, and vitamin C brightens the skin and triggers collagen synthesis. As a result, universal retinoic peeling erases many diverse imperfections from a woman’s face;
salicylic peeling dissolves the layers of dead epidermis, exfoliates old cells, has an antiseptic and antibacterial effect. Molecules of salicylic acid easily penetrate deep into the protective skin barrier and suppress internal infections;
Jessner peel. This "youth cocktail" based on salicylic, lactic and retinoic acids is especially appreciated by Hollywood stars for its speed of action and minimal rehabilitation. For superficial exfoliation, the drug is applied to the face in one layer. This is enough to deeply moisturize the skin, improve its microrelief, narrow pores, lighten age spots and visually smooth out light scars.

Gold standard: medium peels

Median exfoliation works at a depth of 0.45mm of the epidermal layer, i.e. affects the keratinized epithelium and the papillary level of the dermis. Peelings of the middle type are allowed for women only after 30-35 years. They allow you to lighten serious age-related pigmentation, remove deep wrinkles, thin the skin, fight keratosis and sagging.

Median chemical peels are called non-surgical lifting: their effect is comparable to a hardware lifting of the face oval or reinforcement with gold threads. For the most part, these are uncomfortable procedures that cause pain to women with a high threshold of sensitivity. Sometimes such acid exfoliation requires topical anesthesia. Cosmetological manipulations are carried out with more aggressive acids of high concentration, so the period of skin healing after median peels is extended up to 3-4 weeks.

A medium chemical peel session lasts from 20 minutes to half an hour. During the procedure, the burning sensation may increase. The next day, the skin of the face becomes red, tight and swollen. Dryness persists for 1-2 weeks. In parallel, peeling and detachment of the injured upper epidermis occurs. At this time, it is important to follow the rules of post-peel care, use wound healing creams and not remove the crusts. A month later, the skin is renewed and returned to normal.

Cosmetologists recommend performing medium chemical peels in a course of 4-6 procedures with an interval of at least 2 weeks. For the period of skin rehabilitation, it is better to take a vacation and recover at home. The ideal season for median exfoliation is late autumn or winter: periods of low solar activity. A maximum of 2 courses of serious acid peels are performed per year without damage to the skin.

peeling with 35% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is the "gold standard" of median exfoliation. Such manipulation is performed only in the cabin. Doing the procedure yourself at home is risky and can result in complications. TCA is an optimal anti-aging peeling that stimulates deep cell renewal and visual rejuvenation for at least 5 years. Preparation for it begins 2 weeks before the first procedure. The skin becomes thinner and loosened with special serums based on glycolic or retinoic acids. Categorical contraindications for TCA are dermatological diseases (for example, vitiligo), the tendency of the skin to form keloid scars and rosacea.

Acid lifting: deep peels

Deep chemical peeling for the face, the types of which are few and even prohibited for use in some European countries, experts compare with plastic surgery. Manipulations are carried out by a non-surgical method, but the components of peeling agents used injure the skin of the face no less than a scalpel.

Deep chemical exfoliation "removes" 0.6 mm of the epidermal layer almost to the beginning of the subcutaneous fat. The procedure is performed with aggressive phenolic acid and croton oil and, being dangerous, is performed only by cosmetologists with anesthesia in aesthetic medicine clinics.

Phenol, like a laser, destroys the entire epidermis and most of the dermis. The face becomes an open and painful wound, which takes at least six months to heal. Phenol peeling can be done only once a year and no more than 3 times in a lifetime.

Deep chemical peeling corrects the most complex and long-standing appearance defects: scars, scars, deep age wrinkles and old age spots. As a result of just one phenol procedure, the skin is rejuvenated, the oval of the face is tightened, and the result of exfoliation is preserved for decades.

The choice of a suitable chemical peel is best left to a professional cosmetologist. The appointment of exfoliation is usually based on indications, skin type, patient's age and health status, as well as their financial capabilities.

Modern cosmetology offers a lot of ways maintaining youthful skin: from anti-wrinkle creams to drastic measures such as Botox injections and facelifts.

What if light remedies no longer cope with some signs of skin aging, and there is no desire to go under the surgeon's knife? Help will come chemical peeling facial skin.

This kind of peeling helps eliminate fine wrinkles, post-acne, small skin irregularities and get rid of acne and inflammation.

The procedure for chemical peeling is very simple, but at the same time, it must take place under the strict supervision of a specialist. The upper layer of the skin is treated with acid, which causes a slight burn of the dead upper layer of the epidermis.

Chemical peels use acids such as:

grape;
trichloroacetic;

To determine which acid right for you, it is better to use the services of a specialist.

A competent cosmetologist will also prescribe preliminary procedures for preparing facial skin for chemical peeling.

preliminary stage, as a rule, includes the application of special masks that normalize the acid balance of the skin.

Before chemical peeling, it is necessary to carry out a deep cleansing of the face, which contributes to the complete degreasing of the skin. Depending on the condition of the skin and indications, chemical peeling divided into three types:

surface;
median;
deep.

For superficial peeling a weak chemical composition is applied to the face, aged for a certain time and neutralized with a special agent. The effect will be noticeable almost immediately. The skin tone will increase, it will take on a healthy look, fine wrinkles will become less noticeable.

Superficial peeling can do repeatedly to achieve the desired result. As a rule, the course includes from four to eight visits to the beautician, with an interval of ten days.

For medium peeling, as with the surface, the area of \u200b\u200bthe skin that will be exposed is pre-cleaned and a chemical composition is applied. It will be of a higher concentration, and the depth of the burn will depend on the exposure time of the acid.

On the skin of the face after such treatment, slight redness and peeling may appear. The interval between procedures can be more than a month, and the course may include from one to three sessions.

For deep peeling it takes much more time to carry it out and to restore the skin of the face.

Procedure equated to operation, since the chemical composition of high concentration acids has a rather painful effect on the skin.

Deep peeling carried out permanently, requires anesthesia and a rehabilitation period. You can repeat this procedure no earlier than six months later.

Recommendations and contraindications for chemical peeling for the face

Chemical facial peels are most effective for fair-skinned people.. But it is worth remembering that fair skin is the most sensitive, so it is important to choose the right active ingredient in order to avoid post-cosmetological pigmentation.

Successful chemical peel applies when:

abundant skin pigmentation;
the presence of scars, scars, post-acne;
correction of skin defects, including age-related ones;
prevention of age-related changes in the skin.

You need to know that the chemical peel procedure may not be suitable for everyone. She should cancel or postpone in the following cases:

active form of herpes;
advanced acne rashes;
SARS, influenza and other colds;
period of pregnancy and lactation;
the presence of fresh wounds or scars;
recent radiation therapy.

Who Should Avoid Chemical Peels? The categories of such people include nationalities, having a swarthy skin color. In such cases, after peeling, the skin loses its ability to pigmentation.

In diabetes mellitus, oncological diseases, diseases of the kidneys and blood vessels, chemical peeling is contraindicated. An individual factor may be hypersensitivity to certain acids and substances.

Skin care during its recovery period

After a chemical peel, the skin of the face becomes very sensitive to ultraviolet rays. Due to exposure to the sun on the face pigment spots may appear.

That's why, the best time of the year for such a cosmetic procedure, autumn and the beginning of winter can be considered.

Even if it's cloudy outside However, the skin should still be protected with sunscreens with a sun protection factor of at least thirty-five.

Best after procedure spend a few days or weeks at home. After a deep chemical peel, crusts may form on the skin of the face. They must not be removed under any circumstances.

Otherwise, in their place there will be scars and scars. A mandatory item in post-peeling care should be moisturizing and nourishing the skin with the help of creams.

Advantages and disadvantages of chemical peels

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The most important advantage of chemical acid peeling is the fact that the effect of this procedure is preserved. very long time. Other benefits of chemical peels include:

Skin aging prevention and rejuvenation. Chemical peeling with acids is the best way to eliminate and mask mimic wrinkles, against which creams and massages are powerless, giving a subtle or short-term effect.
Removal of dead skin particles. As a result, the skin looks younger and smoother. The right acid for a chemical peel will improve blood circulation and give a healthy complexion.
Smoothing scars, scars and post-acne. For problematic skin that has a pronounced relief surface, chemical peeling may be the only way to smooth out pronounced defects. Chemical peeling, among other things, perfectly copes with enlarged pores.
Adjustment of the sebaceous glands. Thanks to their normalization, acne will cease to occur and inflammation on the skin will stop.

There are a lot of positive aspects of chemical peeling. To the negative points this procedure can include:

Long rehabilitation period. With superficial peeling, the healing period of the skin is short. After a medium or deep peel, you will have to change your lifestyle for a while and follow some precautions.
Risk of complications after peeling. Complications after exposure to the skin of the face with acid, subject to all the recommendations and conditions, are minimal, but still take place. Therefore, trust facial peeling only to trusted clinics and professionals.
Impossibility of smoothing deep wrinkles. Chemical peeling can make facial wrinkles less noticeable, but it is unable to cope with deeper folds.
Unaesthetic appearance of the skin the first time after exposure to acid. This, perhaps, refers to the consequences of deep chemical peeling. A red crust forms on the skin, blisters or slight swelling may occur. But this is only a temporary phenomenon that will pass over time.
The high cost of the procedure. This drawback is very conditional, since the low cost of chemical peeling may be the result of unprofessionalism, which can adversely affect your health.

Facial chemical peel price

Pricing for chemical peels can vary greatly. In beauty salons of average level procedure cost, on average, ranges from 2500 to 4000 rubles.

Chemical peels are widely used to combat facial skin aging. The risk of complications when performing this procedure by a professional is minimal. Peeling is effective not only for improving skin texture, reducing the severity of hyperpigmentation and slight wrinkling, but also for the treatment of acne, rosacea and melasma. In 1999, peeling was so popular that it was the most frequently performed cosmetic procedure in the United States. In 2006, chemical peels were ranked as one of the top five minimally invasive cosmetic procedures performed in 2006, according to ASPS Certified Professionals, with 1.1 million treatments performed. In terms of frequency of use, peeling was in second place, and botulinum toxin therapy was in first place. The emergence of laser therapy as a new method of skin rejuvenation may have influenced the frequency of peeling to some extent. Although there have been many claims in the past that the effectiveness of peeling is exaggerated, there is a lot of evidence supporting the benefits of substances used in this procedure in beauty salons and at the doctor's office.

Depending on the depth of exposure to the substance, there are several types of chemical peels:

surface;

deep.

Superficial peeling causes necrosis of all layers of the epidermis from the granular layer to the basal layer. Medium depth peeling causes necrosis of the epidermis and part of the papillary dermis. With deep peeling, necrosis captures the reticular layer of the dermis. Currently, most often you use superficial peeling. This is due to the fact that instead of medium and deep peels, procedures such as laser therapy based on the action of high-intensity light pulses (IPL), laser resurfacing and dermabrasion have appeared. Superficial medium peeling does not significantly reduce the appearance of deep wrinkles and does not improve skin tone. However, it can improve the color and texture of the skin, making it look younger. This article will provide information regarding the types of surface and medium peels most commonly used in beauty salons. In this case, the main attention will be paid to the features of each type of peeling, the mechanism of action, side effects and results of treatment, obtained using various acids.

Types of surface peeling

The mechanism of action of these substances is that they cause desquamation, due to which the cell cycle is accelerated. These solutions cause desquamation of the superficial layer of the stratum corneum, resulting in the exposure of smoother and more evenly pigmented layers of the skin. Below, information will be provided separately for each of the substances, however, it should be noted that when peeling, combinations of substances are usually used. Many of these substances can be found at home.

α-hydroxy acids and β-hydroxy acid (salicylic acid) are natural acids that cause cell sloughing and accelerate the cell cycle. In cosmetic dermatology, these acids are used for various purposes. The effectiveness of α-hydroxy acids and salicylic acid in the fight against photoaging is ensured by reducing the severity of spotty pigmentation, fine wrinkles, skin roughness, freckles and lentigo. α-hydroxy acids and salicylic acid have also been shown to be effective in the treatment of actinic and seborrheic keratosis.

In a study conducted in 1970, it was found that topical preparations containing a-hydroxy acids have a pronounced effect on the keratinization of the epidermis. By changing the pH, α-hydroxy acids and salicylic acid affect the strength of adhesion of corneocytes to each other in deep areas of the stratum corneum. Through this mechanism, these substances are able to influence the properties of the skin. When concentrated solutions containing α-hydroxy acids and salicylic acid are applied to the skin, contacts between keratinocytes are broken and epidermolysis occurs. Applications of substances at lower concentrations cause rupture of contacts between corneocytes located above the granular layer. As a result of this, desquamation of the cells of the stratum corneum and its thinning occurs. Through this mechanism of action, these substances have two main effects: accelerate the cell cycle (slowed down in the elderly) and increase desquamation, resulting in reduced hyperpigmentation and skin roughness.

a-hydroxy acids.

a-hydroxy acids refer to naturally occurring acids containing a hydroxy group at the a-position. This broad group of acids includes glycolic acid, found in cane sugar, lactic acid, found in fermented milk products, citric acid, found in citrus fruits, and phytic acid, found in rice. Hydroxy acids began to be used in ancient Egypt during the reign of Cleopatra, who applied fermented milk products to her face in order to preserve youth.

Tretinoin peeling

For several years, various topical preparations containing tretinoin have been successfully used in the treatment of melasma, acne, and photoaging of the skin. It is known that topical application of tretinoin increases the deposition of collagen in the skin and reduces the activity of metalloproteinases that cause collagen degradation. Tretinoin peels are not performed in the US, but are used in many other countries, such as Brazil, without approved indications for the treatment of photoaging, melasma, acne, and follicular keratosis. The peeling solution is an orange liquid stored in brown containers. When applied to the desired area, the skin is stained. It is recommended to wash off the solution 4-6 hours after its application. The effect of peeling usually becomes noticeable after 2 days. D.E. Kligman investigated the effectiveness of a solution containing 50% ethyl alcohol and 50% polyethylene glycol 400 in the treatment of 50 women aged 30 to 60 years with signs of photoaging, rosacea and acne. Patients applied the solution to the face 1 time in 2 days at night for 2 weeks or more. After treatment, an improvement in the skin condition was noted, manifested as a smoothing of the epidermis, a decrease in the number and depth of fine wrinkles and a decrease in the severity of hyperpigmentation. Histological examination revealed thickening of the basal layer and papillary fibroblasts, a decrease in the number of melanosomes, thinning of the stratum corneum, and improved organization of the epidermal ridges. D.E. Kligman suggested that the effect arising from the use of inactive tritinoin for 6-12 months can be achieved in 4-6 weeks when using high concentrations of tretinoin.

L.C.Cuce conducted a study in which 15 women aged 23-40 years old with Fitzpatrick skin type I-IV took part. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a 1% solution of tretinoin when performing peeling. Efficacy was assessed using histological and clinical signs. Before starting treatment, a skin biopsy was performed. Chemical peeling lasting 6-8 hours was carried out with an interval of 2-3 days. 15 days after the last procedure, the subjects underwent a second biopsy, which revealed thickening of the epidermis and thinning of the stratum corneum. These signs correlated with improvement in skin appearance. During the histological and clinical assessment of the skin condition of the patients, it was found that the effect that occurs 2.5 weeks after peeling with tretinoin can also be achieved with the help of topical application of tretinoin for 4-6 months. Another study in 10 patients with Fitzpatrick III-V skin types with moderate to severe melasma compared the effectiveness of peeling with 1% tretinoin and peeling with 70% glycolic acid. The duration of one session of tretinoin peeling was 4 hours, while the duration of a glycol peeling session was no more than 3 minutes. After 3 months after treatment, the effectiveness of both types of peeling was the same. However, during tretinoin peeling, erythema occurred less frequently and less pronounced desquamation was noted, due to which it was better tolerated by patients.

Side effects of all types of superficial peels

While all superficial peels are safe when performed correctly, they can cause erythema, itching, flaking, skin sensitivity, and even epidermolysis. Cases of allergic contact dermatitis have been reported with the use of resorcinol, salicylic acid, kojic acid, lactic acid, and hydroquinone. Irritant contact dermatitis has been reported with glycolic acid. Any substance used in peeling, when used in high concentrations, when peeling frequently, or when combined with highly active preparations that include acetone or other degreasing agents, can cause irritant dermatitis. In some cases, during the peeling, deeper layers of the skin may be exposed to the action of the active substance than expected. This occurs if the patient has recent damage to the stratum corneum caused by treinoin use, shaving of the face, use of exfoliating scrubs and Buff-Puffs, or long-term kissing of a man with a thick beard. Thus, before peeling, it is necessary to make a thorough assessment of the patient's skin condition and collect a detailed anamnesis.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a rare complication of superficial chemical peels, which are performed starting with substances with low activity, gradually increasing their concentration. P.E. Grimes monitored the condition of 25 patients with Fitzpatrick type V and VI skin, who were prescribed peeling preparations containing 20% and 30% salicylic acid as treatment. These patients were pre-treated with 4% hydroquinone for 2 weeks prior to peeling. Only 3 patients developed transient post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Several studies have found that superficial peels are also safe when used in Asians. However, most dermatologists believe that these patients should be pre-treated with depigmenting agents and tretinoin. In addition, they should be recommended effective sunscreens that protect against UV-A and UV-B rays.

Medium depth peeling

10-40% trichloroacetic acid.

Trichloroacetic acid became widely used in the 1960s through the work of S. III. Ayres. Weakly concentrated trichloroacetic acid (10-15%) is used to eliminate fine wrinkles and dyschromia, as well as to improve the condition of the skin, giving it a smooth and healthy look. At this concentration, trichloroacetic acid does not affect deep wrinkles or scars41-42. Trichloroacetic acid at higher concentrations (35-40%) causes necrosis of the epidermis and dermis, with no serious systemic toxic effects noted. However, it should be used with extreme caution at this concentration, as hyperpigmentation or scarring may occur. Physicians should carefully select patients for treatment: patients with dark skin types should not be treated with trichloroacetic acid, as they have an increased risk of developing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

A 40% trichloroacetic acid solution is most commonly used for medium depth peels on the face and hands. The strength of peeling with trichloroacetic acid is determined by the ratio of mass to volume. Unfortunately, not all authors use these units of measurement, therefore, when reading the literature on peeling, it is necessary to pay attention to the method of calculating the strength of the peeling effect. This will avoid an incorrect, underestimated impact force. This precaution helps reduce the risk of scarring after the procedure. For example, a 25% trichloroacetic acid solution cannot be made by diluting a 50% trichloroacetic acid solution with an equal volume of water. This is because, in this case, volume is diluted by volume, resulting in a solution with a trichloroacetic acid concentration greater than 25% when measured in mass-volume units. As recommended in the literature, the clinician should calculate the percentage of trichloroacetic acid using a mass/volume measurement system. This will avoid mistakes. Solutions of trichloroacetic acid of the required concentration, obtained taking into account the mass / volume measurement system, are commercially available.

After the application of trichloroacetic acid, denaturation of proteins occurs, as a result of which frost forms on the skin. Frost is a sign of the end of peeling. The time elapsed from the application of the acid to the appearance of frost depends on the concentration of the acid. When applying a 40% solution of trichloroacetic acid, the procedure lasts 5-7 seconds. However, when using weaker solutions, this time can increase up to 15-20 minutes. Doctor 3 sells several chemical peel products manufactured by various companies. When comparing the activity and effectiveness of preparations containing a-hydroxy acids, it is necessary to know the pH value and the concentration of free acids. To prevent the development of hyperpigmentation, the physician must be extremely careful when choosing a chemical peel for patients with dark skin color. In this case, treatment should begin with drugs containing free acids in the lowest concentrations, and then gradually increase the content of free acids.

At the first appointment, the patient's skin should be examined using UV rays or a Wood's lamp. This will identify pigmentation disorders, assess the degree of their spread, and also convince the patient of the need to use sunscreen. If possible, regular skin photographs should be taken, and the use of a UV camera is recommended. It is also necessary to determine the patient's skin type according to the Baumann system. Skin care practices, the need for sun protection, and the importance of topical retinoids should then be discussed with the patient. The doctor should recommend the drug to the patient, taking into account the patient's skin type. In addition, in this situation, it is necessary to advise patients not to use topical preparations containing a-hydroxy acids and salicylic acid, as well as other irritating agents, such as vitamin C, at home. This will avoid excessive skin irritation. The clinician should also ensure that the patient is not using other means to enhance desquamation, such as facial scrubs or Buff-Puffs. At the first appointment, the doctor should use a peeling drug with minimal activity during treatment, or a substance with a minimal duration of action when peeling the face (even if the patient has type I skin).

This will determine the degree of sensitivity of the patient. It is necessary to explain to patients that after the first procedure they will not notice any difference in the condition of their skin, since for the first time a low-active solution is used in order to assess the tolerability of peeling. During each visit, but especially during the first visit, it is necessary to inquire about the social aspects, in connection with which, the appearance of erythema or noticeable skin peeling would be undesirable for the patient. Hypersensitivity reactions are rare (most often after peeling with Jessner's solution). According to Murphy's law, they most often occur in those patients who have an important appointment or lecture scheduled. 10-14 days after the first procedure, patients should come to the doctor's office to assess the condition of the skin and conduct a second peeling session.

In the event that the patient had minimal or no skin peeling after the first peeling session, the doctor can use a more active peeling preparation at the second appointment. Most patients use topical retinoids before their first visit to the doctor, so care should be taken to avoid skin flaking, which is retinoid dermatitis. In this case, the doctor should not perform a chemical peel until the retinoid dermatitis has disappeared. At the appointment, it is also necessary to assess the psychological state of the patient associated with the appearance of side effects during peeling. If the patient complains of skin peeling or erythema, the concentration of the active substance should be increased slowly. If the patient believes that severe erythema and/or scaling are criteria for an adequate peel, more active agents can be started earlier than usual.

Third and subsequent visits. Manufacturers of most superficial peeling preparations recommend repeating the procedure every 10-14 days. The patient can continue peeling until the primary symptoms disappear, and then, to maintain the effect, prescribe the procedure once every 4 weeks. The doctor should know if the patient is using retinoids and sunscreen. Thanks to this, compliance can be achieved. After the third peel session, in the absence of skin irritation, patients should be advised to use retinoids continuously. If there is no irritation, it's time to prescribe to patients for home use drugs containing a-hydroxy acids and salicylic acid. There are many drugs produced by various companies. All of them are described in the text, and this should help in choosing a remedy.

Trichloroacetic acid can be used alone or after Jessner's solution or glycolic acid for deeper peeling. When using only trichloroacetic acid, procedures are usually carried out 1 time in 5-7 days, and when prescribing trichloroacetic acid in combination with Jessner's solution or glycolic acid - 1 time in 7-10 days.

pyruvic acid.

Pyruvic acid is an a-keto acid that can be converted into lactic acid in the body. Thus, it can be used as a peeling agent when carrying out skin hydration. Pyruvic acid is able to penetrate into the papillary layer of the dermis, enhancing the synthesis of collagen and elastin. It should be noted that pyruvic acid should not be used in high or very high concentrations, as this may lead to scarring. Pyruvic acid has been successfully used in the treatment of moderate acne, photoaging and melasma. Given that pyruvic acid decomposes into CO 2 and acetaldehyde, the accumulation of CO 2 in a vial that has not been used for some time can lead to an explosion.

When performing a chemical facial peel, pyruvic acid is usually used at a concentration of 40-60%, while prior to the procedure, the skin is treated with topical retinoids. These concentrations are believed to provide medium depth peels, so care must be taken when treating dark skinned or sensitive and irritated patients. After 2 minutes after the start of the procedure or within 5 minutes (and also with a distinct formation of frost), the face is thoroughly washed with water. This is done mainly to make the patient feel comfortable and not to neutralize the acid. Some authors recommend neutralizing pyruvic acid used for peeling with 10% sodium bicarbonate and water. Substances used in chemical peels can evaporate actively and cause irritation of the upper respiratory tract, so it is recommended to perform the procedure in a well-ventilated area with an electric fan. Re-epithelialization is observed 1-2 weeks after peeling, while erythema may persist for 2 months. Pyruvic acid in combination with 5-fluorouracil has also been successfully used to treat actinic keratosis and warts.

Side effects and warnings

Patients should be warned that they will not look good for at least 10 days after a medium depth peel. During the first 2 days after the procedure, the skin acquires a barely noticeable pink color. On the 3rd and 4th day, the skin darkens. By the 5th day, layer-by-layer desquamation of the skin begins. Exfoliation of the skin is usually completed by day 10, but erythema may persist until day 14. It is recommended that patients be shown illustrations showing how they will look after peeling. This will stabilize the psychological state of patients (changes in appearance will not be unexpected). Many authors recommend avoiding the use of trichloroacetic acid at concentrations greater than 50%. Contraindications for medium depth peeling are dark skin types and recent treatment with isotretinoin or local radiation therapy. Since re-epithelialization begins with the adnexal structures of the skin, some authors suggest that in patients who have recently undergone laser hair removal, after a medium-depth peel or a deep peel, there may be problems with the healing of the skin where the procedure was performed. However, there have been no reports of this complication. Additional precautions should also be taken when performing medium-depth peels on the lower jaw, neck, and chest, as these areas are more likely to cause scarring.

Patients should be warned that after a chemical peel, skin lesions such as solar lentigo may first disappear and then reappear. This phenomenon is noted due to the fact that melanocytes responsible for skin pigmentation are located deeper than those layers that are affected by substances during chemical peeling. If patients use retinoids, sunscreens, hydroquinone, or other bleaching agents, better results can be achieved.

After a medium depth peel, as well as after a superficial peel, it is important that patients use sunscreen and avoid sun exposure to the skin. Patients with dark skin types should use hydroquinone after peeling, as this will reduce the incidence of hyperpigmentation. The doctor should prescribe antiviral drugs to patients who have previously had an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. Also, the physician should not overuse trichloroacetic acid, which can lead to scarring. Patients recently treated with isotretinoin are also at increased risk of scarring after medium-depth peels.

Combination of superficial peeling and medium depth peeling

Many physicians perform superficial peeling in order to reduce the thickness of the stratum corneum or even remove the stratum corneum. To this end, they prescribe applications of trichloroacetic acid. Various combinations of drugs are used in peeling, including the use of glycolic acid after application of trichloroacetic acid ("Coleman peel") or Jessner's solution after application of trichloroacetic acid ("Monheit peel"). The use of Jessner's solution first leads to a decrease in adhesion between the cells of the epidermis, due to which the 35% trichloroacetic acid solution then penetrates deeper into the skin. This combination of drugs is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate photoaging, including lentigines, skin pigmentation and wrinkles. In some cases, it is necessary to prescribe mild sedatives and anti-inflammatory drugs before the procedure. Dr. Harold Brody advocated the use of solid CO 2 (dry ice) before using a 35% trichloroacetic acid solution. The application of solid CO 2 also leads to breaks in the structures of the epidermis and deep penetration of trichloroacetic acid. There are publications that describe in detail the combination of different types of peeling.

Deep peeling

Laser surgery and dermabrasion, with the help of which it is possible to achieve good results with a rare occurrence of complications, have replaced deep peeling. Modified phenol peels, such as the Stone Venner-Kellson peel (which uses a formulation that includes phenol, croton oil, water, olive oil, and septisol solution), are currently available, but are rarely used by US physicians. The Stone Venner-Kellson peeling drug can be ordered by the doctor from Delasco, and he must clarify the composition of the drug.

Chemical peeling is the removal of the upper layers of the dermis.

And thanks to this procedure, you can achieve a lifting effect, restore the protective properties of the skin and solve many aesthetic problems.

Chemical peels can be divided into three categories. Read on for this and more.

Every woman wants to be well-groomed and beautiful and pays special attention to the condition of her face. To cleanse and rejuvenate the skin, remove age spots, various defects and irregularities, women from ancient times used various masks, decoctions and herbal tinctures.

But all these means were ineffective. Modern cosmetology has stepped far forward and at present, chemical peeling is successfully used to restore and rejuvenate the skin.

What is it and types of cleaning

Facial peeling with the help of chemicals is an active process of exfoliating the upper layer of dead cells of the epidermis, stimulating the natural process of skin renewal. With the help of an individually selected chemical composition, various stains, defects and irregularities are removed and smoothed.

The natural protective functions of the body are activated, the active production of hyaluronic acid begins, the cells begin to produce a large amount of collagen and elastin, the surface becomes more elastic and toned.

With the help of chemical exposure, you can effectively cleanse your face of pigmentation and freckles (read about laser), remove vascular "asterisks" (find out how they do it) and small facial wrinkles. This procedure effectively fights tuberosity, which is caused by various skin diseases.

With its help, you can smooth out scars, remove excessive redness and normalize the function of the skin glands.

Depending on the method, such purification is carried out using various acids: fruit, glycolic, salicylic, trichloroacetic and phenolic. According to the strength and depth of penetration, they distinguish between medium and light superficial. Most often, such peeling is used exclusively for the face, but it can also be used on other areas, such as the neck and décolleté.

Deep

This type is the most radical in terms of its effect on the body and is carried out using phenol. It is a very aggressive substance and penetrates very deep into the lowest layers of the epidermis. Phenol is highly toxic and essentially destroys the upper skin layers, but this allows you to solve a number of serious problems that other methods cannot do.

This procedure is very painful and is performed only under general anesthesia in an outpatient setting in a cosmetology clinic.

During it, the patient is sedated with the use of painkillers. Duration from 20 to 60 minutes, depending on the size of the treated surface and the number of defects.

After the procedure, the surface is covered with a protective crust, there may be severe redness and peeling. The recovery period lasts 3-4 weeks. Bed rest is recommended for the first week, and the doctor may also prescribe a number of drugs that will speed up healing and prevent the inflammatory process.

After exposure to drugs, the surface brightens significantly, therefore it is not recommended for patients with very dark skin color.

With the help of deep exposure, you can remove strong pigmentation, remove scars and irregularities, even out deep wrinkles and remove vascular inflammation and other age-related changes.

Like any method, it has its pros and cons.

the method allows you to cope with deep wrinkles;
removes deep irregularities and strong pigmentation;
eliminates sagging and sagging;
superior in efficiency to dermabrasion;
one session is enough;
the effect persists for several years.

very painful procedure;
long recovery period;
possible complications in the form of redness and a hard crust;
not suitable for very dark skin;
high price.

See the results of a deep chemical peel:

Median

For this procedure, trichloroacetic, glycolic or salicylic acid is used. This method is less aggressive and does not act as actively and deeply as cleaning with phenol. But peeling of medium impact, as well as deep peeling, is able to remove deep wrinkles and reduce small pigmented manifestations.

With it, you can refresh and rejuvenate the face, remove small spider veins and smooth out scars and irregularities. This method is softer and is carried out in 3-4 sessions. The result of the median exposure lasts about six months and, if necessary, it must be repeated.

The session is carried out on an outpatient basis and lasts from 20 to 60 minutes. The method does not require general anesthesia. To enhance the impact on the surface, special agents are preliminarily applied. They soften the skin and prepare it for the main composition.

Then chemical acids are applied that penetrate into the middle layers. During the session, the patient may experience a slight burning sensation and tingling.

After the procedure, the composition is removed with dry ice. There is slight redness and swelling, which disappears within 24 hours.

Sometimes there may be peeling and a feeling of tightness. After such a procedure, the complexion brightens a little or remains the same. The recovery period lasts 1-2 days, the face becomes smooth and radiant.

For a speedy recovery after a chemical facial peel, a beautician can choose an individual skin care kit: a moisturizing or nourishing cream, a special serum, a vitamin mask and a cleansing tonic.

You should also refrain from decorative cosmetics, the first 2-3 weeks require the application of sunscreen. Medium peeling is performed for patients of any age.

practically no pain;
allows you to remove small wrinkles and irregularities;
removes acne and inflammation;
removes puffiness and dark circles under the eyes;
evens out tone and adds shine;
eliminates slight flabbiness and sagging (these problems can be solved by RF-lifting);
improves complexion.

preliminary preparation is required;
the result is visible after 3-4 sessions;
unable to remove deep wrinkles and skin defects;
the effect lasts less than from phenol peeling;
quite high price.

Surface

This is the mildest type of chemical treatment; lactic and fruit acids (enzyme peeling) and a weak solution of trichloroacetic acid are used for it. Cosmetologists recommend superficial cleansing for young patients under the age of 40, when the first age-related changes and small wrinkles appear on the skin.

This method affects only the top layer and is not able to cope with wrinkles, large age spots and irregularities.

But it copes well with acne, seborrheic manifestations, improves the surface of the skin, promotes active rejuvenation.

With the help of this procedure, you can get rid of small freckles, remove local redness and peeling. After surface exposure, blood circulation improves, cells are actively saturated with oxygen, the face looks radiant and toned.

This procedure does not require prior preparation. It can be done in the salon or at home. Using a cotton pad, the active substance is applied to the cleaned surface. The exposure time is 15-20 minutes.

The session is completely painless and does not require a recovery period. Superficial cleansing does not cause burning and redness, the tone of the face does not change. After such cleansing, the application of sunscreen is recommended.

absolutely painless method;
does not require prior preparation;
does not injure the skin and does not cause side effects;
does not change skin tone;
improves blood supply;
actively rejuvenates and improves the structure of the dermis;
effective against acne;
inexpensive and accessible method.

unable to cope with wrinkles and age spots;
does not remove tuberosity and deep unevenness;
the result is visible after 5-6 procedures;
the effect lasts 1-2 months, then a repeat is required.

We offer you to watch a video on how the procedure of medium and deep chemical peeling for the face is carried out:

Indications, photos before and after the procedure

Indications for carrying out are:

any kind of pigmentation;
various skin defects, the presence of scars and scars ( copes with such defects perfectly);
uneven skin surface as a result of various diseases;
wrinkles and dry skin;
dark circles under the eyes;
severe redness;
the presence of vascular "asterisks";
improper functioning of the sebaceous glands;
clogging of pores and the appearance of "black dots";
sagging skin.

These are the results of a median peeling of the skin of the face:

Contraindications

Like any cosmetic procedure, peeling has contraindications:

skin diseases such as dermatitis, neurodermatitis and psoriasis;
oncological diseases;
keloid scars;
period of pregnancy and lactation;
fresh wounds and cuts;
purulent inflammation;
allergic reactions;
individual intolerance to the chemical.

How often can you do

Deep chemical peeling can be done no more than once every two to three years.

Why diamond peeling is a type of microdermabrasion, you can find out.

Customer opinion

Margarita, 31 years old, housewife:
“I did a shallow peel for cleaning. The result was very good, I liked everything very much. Small wrinkles are gone, the skin has become more even.
Svetlana, 37 years old, director:
“I did a facial cleansing in the salon - after giving birth, the complexion has changed a lot. I was pleased with the result, but the cost of such a cleaning was quite high, often you can’t afford this.”
Vera Ivanovna, 67 years old, pensioner:
“I always try to take care of my appearance, a friend advised me to clean with fruit acids. I liked it very much! The face is refreshed and rejuvenated, even small wrinkles are gone.
Karina, 45 years old, seller:
“I decided on a deep cleaning in a beauty salon. They did it under general anesthesia, I was warned about the consequences, I had to sit at home for two weeks, my face was covered with a red crust and was very swollen. But the pigment spots have almost disappeared. I won’t do it a second time, it’s too painful.”

Chemical peeling is an effective salon procedure that can be used to eliminate serious defects, make the face and body look younger and more beautiful. This method has no analogues, it can be used at any age.

A dermatocosmetologist will tell you more about chemical peeling: