Types and forms of organization of labor activity of preschool children. Types and forms of labor organization in kindergarten

Olga Pustakina
Types and forms of labor organization in kindergarten

Raising the next generation in a spirit of respect and love for labor is one of the main tasks of a preschool institution.

Diverse types of work differ in their pedagogical abilities. If self-service has a greater educational value in younger groups, it teaches children to be independent, to overcome difficulties, then in the middle and older groups, household chores become of particular importance as socially significant, aimed at building awareness of work for the common good, and in the senior and preparatory groups, the main role is already beginning to be played by manual labor and labor in nature; they contribute formation began collective relationships, the ability to work together, amicably, overcome obstacles, plan and anticipate the stages of consistent implementation.

Self-service is the main type labor of a small child. Assessing the educational value of self-service, it should be noted its vital need to meet everyday personal needs for washing, dressing, undressing. Daily performance of elementary labor tasks teaches children to systematically labor. It is through self-service that the child first establishes certain relationships with people around him, realizes his duties towards them, therefore work self-service supplements, to a certain extent, the internal culture of the child.

The main technique formation methodical skills is to show the performance of each elementary action and their sequence.

Familiarizing children with the way to perform a new action always requires a detailed demonstration and detailed explanation of each movement and their sequence. Detailed showing and explanation of how to perform labor self-service tasks, combined with the direct participation of children in work, will teach them to follow exactly the necessary course of action, i.e., diligence.

It is very important when teaching the methods of dressing, undressing, washing, cleaning toys and materials to keep the same method, the same sequence unchanged - this will ensure speed. skill formation. There is no need to be afraid to show and explain to children again and again what and how to do. As formation skills, the educator uses the methods of detailed verbal explanation and general reminders: "Tie the scarf well, as I taught you" etc. Such a general reminder activates the thought of children, encourages them to remember the way to perform the action, their sequence.

Those educators who constantly monitor that in the process of self-service children show attention, care, and help do the right thing. It happens sometimes So: the child knows how to dress quickly and well, but does not want to help anyone with this. It is important to ensure that from an early age children kindergarten worked not only to meet their personal needs, but also willingly helped each other.

Proper upbringing of children in the process of self-service is unthinkable if educators are not interested in the results of their work. Grade labor activities in younger preschoolers are carried out mainly in the form of encouragement, and in older preschool age - emphasizing the current achievements of the child and what is still poorly done by the child.

Household - household work- this is the maintenance and restoration of order in the group room, the premises adjacent to it, on the site and at home, participation in organization of labor processes, preparation for classes, walks.

Children of primary preschool age clean toys, books, help the teacher take toys to the site, wipe the leaves of plants, lay out the material for classes on the tables, and clean them up after class. When preparing for a meal, children lay out spoons, arrange bread bins, plates, glasses with napkins, help the nanny hang up clean towels. They take part in clearing the paths from the snow.

Children of the fifth year of life wash toys, plants, wash and hang doll linen, are on duty in the dining room, classes, wipe dust from high chairs, help the teacher take the toys to the site and bring them back, etc.

Senior preschoolers maintain order at site: sweep paths, etc.; in the warm season they wipe the dust from the play buildings, tables and benches, water and dig up the sand in the sandy courtyard; in winter they clear the paths from snow; they are on duty in the corner of nature, they clean the playroom, wipe the furniture, etc.

As you can see, there is a gradual increase in processes labor, volume expansion labor actions. For formation children's ideas about household labor adult caregiver organizes special observations, draws the attention of the kids to what the nanny is doing (washes the dishes cleanly, puts things in order in the group, how to wash doll clothes, put things in order in the toy household. It is very important to create a calm and businesslike atmosphere, not to rush the child with completing the task, not to do for him what he can do himself.Introducing children to labor, it is important that he sees both the purpose of the action and the result of the work. This is facilitated by the demonstration and explanations of an adult. If an adult is constant in the content of the requirements, the children will learn the necessary actions, learn their sequence, they will develop the habit of acting in a certain way when working.

Children's the garden has opportunities for early involvement of children in labor in nature. Children of primary preschool age are taught to perform the simplest assignments adults: with the help of a teacher, water indoor plants, sow large flower seeds, plant onions, water plants in the garden.

In the middle group, children perform labor errands on their own, taking care of the plants and animals: in a corner of nature, plants are watered, large dense leaves are rubbed, the earth is loosened; on the site, together with adults, they grow vegetables and flowers.

Older preschoolers need to be taught to work in all seasons. In autumn, children can harvest vegetables on their site, collect seeds, dig up plant bulbs, rake fallen leaves, take part in transplanting plants from the ground into a corner of nature, etc. In winter, remove snow from paths, feed wintering birds. In the spring, loosen the ground, make beds and flower beds, sow large and small seeds, take care of plants in the garden, in the flower garden. In summer - loosen the ground, water, thin out, weed, tie plants.

How to create in children a stable positive attitude towards everyday, monotonous, but much-needed work? One of the conditions for the effectiveness of any work is the correct Labour Organization. A. S. Makarenko said that only with good organizations the child experiences joy labor. Joint work of a child and an adult. The child will feel the benefit labor only then when it actively goes through all labor processes and will eventually achieve an exact result, for example, it will grow flowers from seeds and again receive seeds from the flowers growing in the flower garden.

most acceptable forms to solve educational problems consider organization of work in the form various kinds instructions: individual and group. They enable the child to perform a specific task and allow him to obtain certain labor skills and abilities, and the educator to monitor the correctness of the work, the child's attitude to obtaining the result. Orders can be long-term, systematic, short-term or episodic.

Duty - more complex compared to assignments form of organization of work of children. They demand more independence from children. Involving the child in the execution of the assignment, the educator could split the process of any case into a series of sequential tasks. The attendants learn to complete the assigned work in full, the educator gives the task in a generalized way. form: "Set the table", "Fields of the Plant". This requires children to know the sequence of work, ideas about its full scope, about the requirements for the result.

Introducing shifts, the teacher finds out how much the children know the sequence of work, the place of storage of manuals and materials. It is very important for the educator to consider the content labor on duty so that he does not wear formal, but was specific, necessary for the team. Children are regularly on duty in the dining room, in preparation for classes, in a corner of nature.

At organizations On duty, the educator has to pay attention to one more issue - the combination of the work of the duty officers with the self-service of children. What part of the work in preparation for classes should be done by the attendants, and what should each child prepare himself? Or after a meal, should the attendants clean up everything, or does everyone clean up after themselves?

From the senior group, another type of duty is introduced - in the corner of nature. The work of those on duty in a corner of nature will be successful only if the teacher constantly educates children in an interest in a corner of nature. Then its inhabitants become the subject of constant observation and caring attitude towards them.

In the preparatory school group, the teacher goes to organization of the general work of duty officers, i.e. pairing children for teamwork. Working together, they serve the entire group. With such work, the attendants are put in new conditions: to coordinate their work with the work of a friend, to be responsible together for the result, to fairly distribute the work among themselves. Often educators put children in pairs according to the principle "skillful" With "inept". But it is not always justified, the desired result will be obtained only when a capable child has a desire to teach skills to another child, while remaining a good friend, that is, to show goodwill, not to emphasize his inability. In older groups, selective friendly relations of children often appear, the teacher should take this into account and instruct them to be on duty together.

In the senior and preparatory groups for school, systematically general labor activity is organized, which unites all children at once groups: this is the cleaning of a group room, a site, a breakdown of a flower garden, decor groups for the holiday, etc. Organizing the collective work of children of the whole group, it is advisable to divide them into several subgroups. Each subgroup is given a common task, for example, one subgroup is washing doll clothes, the second is washing chairs, the third is toys, the fourth is putting things in order in the play corner. The composition of children in subgroups can be constant, but things change. This ensures that every child is included in the work.

Thus, during preschool age, children gradually labor skills and abilities in various labor: self-service, household and manual labor, labor in nature. All these labor skills and abilities purchased in kindergarten, are the basis on which the labor education in primary school.

The concept of labor activity in relation to a child is quite peculiar and in most cases does not mean the product of any labor in order to receive monetary compensation. However, it is child labor education that allows the child to quickly adapt to the outside world, the social environment and learn independence. We will talk about the forms of organization of such education, its goals and much more in this material.

Differences between child labor and adult labor

The most important differences between child labor and adult labor lie in how this labor is presented and what tasks it pursues. Thus, the purpose of children's activities is to learn and imitate adult life. It is rare that a child can do the work himself so well that he does not have to redo it later for him. But he must learn and strive to get good results. Child labor is presented most often in a playful way that encourages the child to become interested in this game and take part in it. But with the growth of the baby, his maturation, some game processes can (and should) develop into duties. For example, cleaning toys before going to bed. Unlike adult labor, children's labor has practically no broad social significance, but within a narrow team, for example, in a kindergarten group, it is significant and important.
Advice to parents: if the child seeks to help you or tried to do something useful himself, then be sure to praise his efforts, regardless of the result. If you only slightly rinsed the mug, trying to wash it, but there were traces of freshly drunk juice on it, do not try to teach your baby to immediately wash the dishes “to a creak of cleanliness”. Remember, in preschool age, effort and process are much more important than results!

Types of labor activity of preschoolers

It is conditionally possible to distinguish several types of labor activity of preschoolers:

• Self-service.
• Manual labor.
• Labor in nature.
• Household (household) work.

Each of these types of child activity has its own characteristics, but they all closely overlap and are closely interconnected. It is impossible to single out one thing, giving it the title of “most useful”.

Labor education of preschool children

If your baby is already walking or will only go to a municipal kindergarten, then he will definitely receive labor education, starting with visiting the younger group. Special attention is paid to this aspect in DUO training programs. If parents have decided not to send their child to kindergarten or simply do not have such an opportunity, then we recommend that they independently educate their children in independence and responsibility, starting from the age of two. Spend more time on this issue, and then your baby will be more adapted to life in the modern world.
Let's return to the types of labor activity of children and consider them in more detail:

1. Self care refers to taking care of yourself. This type of labor activity is vital for every person, and the sooner the baby begins to master it, the sooner he begins to become independent. So, from a younger preschool age, a child needs to be taught to wash himself, wash his hands before eating and after walking, dress and put on shoes. You can make things easier for toddlers by purchasing clothes with "simple" types of closures, such as pants with an elastic band instead of a zipper and a belt, shoes with Velcro instead of laces, etc. Remember that your baby's everyday clothes should be simple and comfortable, so that he can dress them without the help of an adult. Older children, middle or preschool age, will be allowed to wear button-down shirts, jeans with suspenders, and shoes with laces. To help your child cope with such “difficult” clothes in kindergarten, do not be too lazy to teach him this at home. When you buy new shoes, ask your child to lace them up, try them on, evaluate his skills in this matter. Remember that such activities require patience, perseverance and perseverance. Support the child, do not get angry if he cannot cope with the task. If an adult can tie a knot in a second and with his eyes closed, then for a baby such a task can be extremely difficult due to the small development of the muscles of the fingers and the inability to immediately remember the sequence of certain actions. As the child grows older, self-care skills are added. For example, a child has the responsibility of making his bed, neatly folding clothes in a closet, and arranging toys after the game process. Be sure the baby needs to be explained and shown by example how to behave so as not to complicate the actions of others. By the senior preschool age, a child should already understand that it is impossible to indulge at the tap during water procedures and delay time, as other children are waiting for their turn and must also have time to wash their hands and wash. If after the walk the baby has already undressed, then he must go to the group in order to let other children who also came from the walk into the locker room, etc.
2. Household work helps to educate the child in cleanliness, accuracy and respect for surrounding things. This type of activity is aimed at maintaining cleanliness in the room, it is necessary when organizing a regimen in a kindergarten or at home. Toddlers can help the gardener or parents set the table, clean up dirty dishes, tidy up toys, dust them, and clean up the garden. Preschoolers in kindergartens are more active in helping to clean up their outdoor playground, wash toys and even keep a full “watch” for setting the table according to the duty schedule. It is important for parents or a teacher to motivate a child for this type of activity, to explain that efforts must be made to obtain a result. It is important to praise the child and let him understand why he is doing this or that action. For example, after removing the snow, it became easier to walk along the path, and the tidy room is now clean and comfortable. In this case, comparisons with the activities of other children work well and motivate. “Seryozha is well done! He folded his trousers very neatly and hung his shirt on a hanger, which means that the clothes will remain ironed and tidy.
3. 
   Handicraft is a creative activity in which a wide variety of items can be made for personal or collective use. It can be any toys (slingshots, cars, baskets, etc.) or useful devices (bird feeders) that a child can create from any materials at hand. Why do you need to make a toy yourself if you can buy it? Many parents ask this question and without thinking about the answer, they choose a simple way, that is, they get the baby what they consider necessary for games. In fact, most educators tend to believe that children simply need to be motivated to invent games for themselves. This is important for several reasons: the child understands that in order to enjoy the game, you must first work hard; more attention is paid to the surrounding world, over time, the baby will subconsciously see in various objects a potential area of ​​\u200b\u200bits application (you can make a little man out of an acorn, a boat out of a nut shell, etc.); fantasy develops; the “creative” hemisphere of the brain is actively working; when a child does something himself, he becomes more careful in relation to those products that other people create; the child learns in practice the properties of materials, gets acquainted with the ways of their combination. All these reasons have a positive effect on the moral education of a preschooler and allow him to develop from different angles.
4. Natural labor helps the child not only to get acquainted with the botany that surrounds him, but actively helps to develop observation, accuracy and frugality, love for nature, and a reverent attitude towards animals. This type of activity involves the child taking care of plants and pets. So, in kindergartens, kids take an active part in growing flowers in flower beds, in caring for indoor plants, sometimes they are involved in "work" in the garden. Such "work" is more of an exploratory nature and is not aimed at obtaining a large harvest. Often in groups of kindergartens there are "living corners" in which fish in an aquarium, turtles or domestic rodents live. Parents are also encouraged to teach their children to work with plants. If you live in a private house, be sure to set aside some space for planting greenery and flowers with your child. In the city limits, you can make your own "living" corner with plants, for example, on a balcony. Trust your child to plant the seeds and water them. This type of activity is especially important in modern times, as it will teach the child to be distracted from electronic devices and pay attention to nature. The child, through his own experience, will be able to make connections between individual phenomena, he will be able to observe natural changes. When he grows up to the age of the older group, then some aspects of natural work can be complicated and transferred to duties. For example, a parrot needs to be fed every day. Let this responsibility be on the child, he must understand that because of his forgetfulness, the bird may remain hungry. Parents can remind the child of his worries, but not shift them to themselves (provided that the baby is interested). Thus, children become responsible and obligatory.

When choosing a form of work activity for a child, remember that kids perceive any tasks better in a playful way, but older preschoolers are well motivated to get a possible result.

Labor is one of the most important factors in the formation of personality. That is why labor activity should become the basis of preschool education.

Forms of organization of labor activity of the child

There are several forms of organization of labor activity of children. It is worth choosing them depending on the task, the age of the baby and the characteristics of his character. The first form is an assignment. An instruction is a specific task that an adult sets for the baby. In DUO, the content of assignments is determined by the curriculum, at home you can come up with them according to the capabilities of your baby. For example, instruct to wash a toy, wash a mug or sweep the floor. Older children can be entrusted with repairing books or packaging any items. When giving an assignment, an adult must motivate the child to complete it, then the child will learn to complete the task.

A collective assignment (second form) is the performance of a specific task by several participants. It can be the same action or different actions to achieve the same goal. If you are dealing with kids, then be sure to distribute “roles” between them. For example, when cleaning a room, Vasya arranges books in their places, Ira assembles a designer, and Vova folds cars. Before children of older preschool age, you can set a task and allow them to distribute responsibilities themselves. For example, "Dima, Gleb and Dasha must clean the room." With the help of collective assignments, children learn to work together, they understand that the result of a common cause may depend on their activities.

Another form of labor organization for preschoolers is duty. It represents certain actions aimed at the benefit of the team. Duty in kindergartens is present in middle and senior groups. The attendants set the tables, help clean them up after dinner, make sure that everyone neatly makes their beds, and take care of the “corner of nature”. Every day, according to the schedule, the attendants change. This form of labor organization helps to bring up responsibility, commitment, diligence and attentiveness to comrades. It is important for duty officers to learn to negotiate among themselves and to correctly share responsibilities.

As you can see, labor education of children plays an important role in their development and personality development.

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The work of children in kindergarten is diverse. This allows them to maintain their interest in activities, to carry out their comprehensive education. There are four main types of child labor: self-service, household labor, labor in nature and manual labor.

Self-service is aimed at personal care (washing, undressing, dressing, making the bed, preparing the workplace, etc.). The educational value of this type of labor activity lies primarily in its vital necessity. Due to the daily repetition of actions, self-service skills are firmly acquired by children; self-service is beginning to be perceived as a duty.

Household work of preschool children is necessary in the daily life of a kindergarten, although its results are not so noticeable compared to other types of their work activity. This work is aimed at maintaining cleanliness and order in the room and on the site, helping adults in organizing regime processes. Children learn to notice any disturbance in the group room or on the site and, on their own initiative, eliminate it. Household work is aimed at serving the team and therefore contains great opportunities for cultivating a caring attitude towards peers.

Labor in nature provides for the participation of children in caring for plants and animals, growing plants in a corner of nature, in a garden, in a flower garden. This type of labor is of particular importance for the development of observation, the upbringing of a caring attitude towards all living things, and love for native nature. It helps the teacher to solve the problems of the physical development of children, improve movements, increase endurance, develop the ability for physical effort.

Manual labor - develops the constructive abilities of children, useful practical skills and orientation, forms interest in work, readiness for it, cope with it, the ability to assess one's capabilities, the desire to do the job as best as possible (stronger, more stable, more elegant, more accurate).

In the process of labor, children get acquainted with the simplest technical devices, master the skills of working with some tools, learn to take care of materials, objects of labor, and tools.

Children by experience learn elementary ideas about the properties of various materials: the material undergoes various transformations, various things can be made from it. So learning to make useful objects from thick paper, children learn that it can be folded, cut, glued.

The tree can be sawn, planed, cut, drilled, glued. Working with wood, the guys use a hammer, saw, tongs. They learn to compare details by superposition, by eye, with a ruler. Working with natural material - leaves, acorns, straw, bark, etc. - gives the teacher the opportunity to acquaint children with the variety of its qualities: color, shape, hardness.

1.5. Forms of labor organization.

The work of preschool children in kindergarten is organized in three main forms: in the form of assignments, duties, and collective labor activity.

Assignments are tasks that the teacher occasionally gives to one or more children, taking into account their age and individual capabilities, experience, and educational tasks.

Orders can be short-term or long-term, individual or general, simple (containing one simple specific action) or more complex, including a whole chain of sequential actions.

The fulfillment of labor assignments contributes to the formation in children of interest in work, a sense of responsibility for the task assigned. The child must concentrate, show strong-willed effort to bring the matter to the end and inform the teacher about the fulfillment of the assignment.

In the younger groups, the instructions are individual, specific and simple, contain one or two actions (lay out spoons on the table, bring a watering can, remove dresses from the doll for washing, etc.). Such elementary tasks include children in activities aimed at the benefit of the team, in conditions when they are not yet able to organize work on their own initiative.

In the middle group, the teacher instructs the children to wash doll clothes on their own, wash toys, sweep paths, and shovel sand into a pile. These tasks are more complex, because they contain not only several actions, but also elements of self-organization (prepare a place for work, determine its sequence, etc.).

In the older group, individual assignments are organized in those types of labor in which children have insufficiently developed skills, or when they are being taught new skills. Individual instructions are also given to children who need additional training or especially careful control (when the child is inattentive, often distracted), i.e. if necessary, individualize the methods of influence.

In the preparatory school group, when performing general assignments, children must show the necessary skills of self-organization, and therefore the teacher is more demanding of them, moving from explanation to control, reminder.

Duty is a form of organizing the work of children, which implies the obligatory performance by the child of work aimed at serving the team. Children are alternately included in different types of duty, which ensures their systematic participation in labor. The appointment and change of attendants occurs daily. Duties are of great educational value. They put the child in the conditions of mandatory performance of certain tasks necessary for the team. This allows children to educate responsibility to the team, caring, as well as understanding the need for their work for everyone.

In the younger group, in the process of completing assignments, the children acquired the skills necessary for setting the table, and became more independent when doing work. This allows in the middle group at the beginning of the year to introduce canteen duty. There is one attendant at each table daily. In the second half of the year, duties are introduced to prepare for classes. In the older groups, duty is introduced in the corner of nature. The attendants change daily, each of the children systematically participates in all types of duty.

The most complex form of organizing the work of children is collective labor. It is widely used in the senior and preparatory groups of the kindergarten, when skills become more stable, and the results of labor are of practical and social significance. Children already have sufficient experience of participating in different types of duty, in performing various assignments. Increased opportunities allow the teacher to solve more complex tasks of labor education: he teaches children to agree on the upcoming work, work at the right pace, and complete the task within a certain time. In the older group, the educator uses such a form of uniting children as common work, when children receive a common task for all and when a general result is summed up at the end of the work.

In the preparatory group, joint work is of particular importance, when children become dependent on each other in the process of work. Joint work gives the teacher the opportunity to educate positive forms of communication between children: the ability to politely address each other with a request, agree on joint actions, and help each other.

Along with the educational process and play in kindergarten, much attention is paid to labor education. How is the activity of kids organized, what are the main differences in the labor process in different age groups?

From the early preschool age, the child begins to get acquainted with the world of adults, and the main task of the educator is to help him in this. But this does not mean that you need to do something instead of the baby. He must learn simple actions himself (wash, wash, sweep) under the guidance of an experienced teacher. How to develop skills and abilities in preschool children and what role does labor education play in this?

Labor education in kindergarten. Goals and objectives

Labor education in kindergarten is an obligatory process, thanks to which the child will form a positive attitude towards work, a desire and ability to work will appear, and moral qualities will also develop.

Labor can:

• strengthen physical qualities;
• develop mental abilities;
• influence thinking, as there is a need to compare, compare objects, etc.;
• develop independence, responsible approach, initiative;

The concept is to prepare the child for an independent life, as well as to instill in him a desire to help others. It is very important to take into account the age of the baby - the choice of activities and their complexity will depend on this.

Tasks:

• to form a positive attitude towards the work of an adult, to arouse a desire to help;
• develop labor skills, improve them;
• to cultivate such qualities as the habit of work, responsibility, care, thrift;
• to form skills in the organization of the work process;
• to form friendly relations of children to each other, to teach to evaluate the activities of others, to make comments.

Types and conditions of organization of work of children

There are several types of labor activity. What is each of them? What nuances should be taken into account?

Household

Household work includes the activities of the adult world, which is understandable to the baby. This:

• wiping dust.
• wash.
• washing objects, dishes, etc.

The main activity is helping adults. The child can be assigned a task according to age. You can ask your child:

• put away your toys;
• fold books;
• prepare the table for classes;
• clean the dishes from the table after dinner;
• wash furniture, etc.

hygiene skills

From early childhood, children are instilled with self-care skills that are vital. Skills are developed through repetition of actions, and gradually develop into a habit.

What every child should learn:

1. Undress, dress. At the same time, it is important to draw attention to yourself (look in the mirror, notice changes in appearance among peers, learn the names of wardrobe items, place things in their places). Games are held in which order or disorder is determined, care for dolls.
2. Wash your face, wash your hands without being reminded, use soap, towels, open faucets.
3. Comb your hair.
4. Take care of your mouth and nose (brush your teeth, use a handkerchief).
5. Use the toilet in a timely manner.
6. Keep yourself clean while eating.
7. Keep order around you.

Games

The main activity of preschoolers is the game, which means that labor education should take place in the form of a game. The objective results of children's participation in the labor process are insignificant, but the subjective role is enormous.

The child acquires many knowledge and skills in the following activities:

1. In a role-playing game: feeding the doll, putting her to bed, watching her neatness, displaying scenes from adult life.
2. Through manual labor- for example, educators, together with children, prepare home-made toys and attributes for role-playing games.
3. With the help of didactic games:

• “Who needs it” - showing the items necessary in labor activity, guessing by children their purpose;
• "What does the doll want to do?" - playing out hypothetical actions, determining the necessary equipment for work;
• "What is it for?" - on the basis of images, children guess actions;
• "Guess what I'm doing" - showing actions, professions using movements, sounds and facial expressions.

Outdoor activities during the summer

In summer, children are more on the street, where there are many opportunities to organize work. The teacher can give simple instructions:

• take toys to the playground;
• help adults to improve the territory;
• remove garbage (twigs, pieces of paper);
• water the sand, flowers;
• plant seeds;
• take care of animals in nature.

The teacher should know the basic methods of organizing the labor process, which will be relevant in each age group.

It is also the duty of caregivers to give advice to parents in order to ensure the successful and harmonious development of the child.

Junior group (3-4 years)

At a younger preschool age, kids become more active, trying to express their desire to complete the task on their own. But children of this age quickly get tired, distracted, so you should not give overwhelming orders.

Main nuances:

1. Labor education should be situational, the requirement for tasks is simplicity and clarity for a three-year-old baby.
2. Required condition- Encourage any success, praise.
3. The teacher should explain the goals all actions, analyze the results so that the baby can understand the importance of his actions.
4. A child of 3-4 years old is interested in following the work of adults. He learns simple actions by the example of an adult. Then it is worth repeatedly and accurately displaying the same action with the baby, commenting on each step.

The guys are happy to fulfill requests, but do not overdo it - just instruct to arrange plates or hang towels.

In the younger group, assignments are individual in nature, it is better to wait a little with collective assignments.

The program provides for the following basic methods of labor education of a child of 3-4 years old:

• showing actions on a personal example, explanations;
• observations;
• game process (manual labor, exercises);
• reading literary works "Moydodyr", etc.

Middle group (4-5 years old)

At 4 years old, a child can cope with washing clothes for dolls, sweeping paths. Tasks become more complex, details of self-organization are added to individual actions.

Children of middle preschool age are on duty in the dining room, and after the appearance of skills in this type of activity, they can be entrusted with caring for a corner of nature and preparing for classes.

Methods:

• encouraging a desire to help;
• games (construction, application, role-playing games);
• visual aids "Decoration of premises", "How to be on duty";
• conversations.

Senior group (5-7 years old)

In the older group, collective assignments are used, thanks to which children learn to interact, join forces, negotiate and distribute responsibilities.

An important point is to organize everything you need:

• prepare aprons, brushes;
• shoulder blades, watering cans;
• hammers;
• animal feed.

All inventory should be bright, clothes should be smart, which will allow you to get aesthetic pleasure from work. The teacher should consider how to organize the space so that it is convenient to use each item. You need to keep track of the time of classes so as not to overwork the children.

The game remains the main activity, but the child is already happy to help an adult (for example, change bed linen, remove fallen leaves).

Educators are preparing projects that are aimed at familiarizing children with the world of professions, the relevance of each of them. The goal is to inspire respect for the work of adults, understanding the importance of everyone's work, and the desire to help.

Labor education takes place not only within the kindergarten, but also at home. On the issues of the correct organization of the labor process of preschoolers, parent-teacher meetings are held, where educators acquaint parents with the peculiarities of the age of their baby. It is important to unite efforts and educate a holistic personality according to one method.

Video: Labor development in preschool educational institutions

Martynovich Raisa Valentinovna
Organization of labor activity of middle-aged children

Organization of labor activity of middle-aged children that.

Labor education is the most important condition for the successful preparation of children for schooling. Children brought up from an early age in labor are distinguished at school by independence, organization, activity, neatness, and the ability to serve themselves.

For the successful solution of the tasks envisaged by the program for the labor education of preschool children, the creation of the necessary conditions is of paramount importance.

A. S. Makarenko said that only with good organization does a child experience the joy of work.

Working conditions for children to her.

1. Creation of labor activity motivation.

2. Creation of a working atmosphere in the group, permanent employment, striving for useful deeds.

3. Accounting for the load, health status, interests, abilities of the child.

4. The systematic inclusion of each child in labor as a partner.

5. Creation of an emotionally positive environment in the labor process.

6. Demonstration of the teacher's interest.

7. Selection of equipment for work.

8. Rewards in the process and based on the results of work.

Types of labor. The work of children in kindergarten is diverse. This allows them to maintain their interest in activities, to carry out their comprehensive education. There are four main types of child labor:

* self-service,

* economic - household work,

* labor in nature,

*manual labor.

Self care is about taking care of yourself. (dressing, undressing, eating, making the bed, sanitary procedures, etc.).

In the middle group, we improve the ability to dress and undress, neatly fold clothes, dry wet clothes, take care of shoes without being reminded.

In the middle group, in addition to consolidating previously learned skills, I work on the formation of more complex self-service skills. This is expressed in increased requirements for the quality of actions, for organized behavior in the process of self-care, for the time spent on it. I form methods of mutual assistance in children, teach them how to ask for help from a friend, how to provide it, to thank for the service.

Household work is aimed at serving the team, helping adults in organizing regime moments. Duties in the middle group are introduced gradually. Children set the table, prepare everything necessary for classes. To do this, the group organized a corner on duty, which has everything you need for work: aprons, hats, brooms, dustpans, trays. Stands for napkins and bread boxes are placed in such a place that it is convenient for children to take them on their own and clean them up after use.

In the middle group, the content of household labor becomes more complicated mainly due to an increase in the number of processes of this labor. So, at the beginning, under the supervision of a teacher, and then the children independently maintain order in the group, they take part in cleaning (they wipe the shelves, sweep the floor, etc.).

Since household work is the most common and accessible for children, we first of all made sure that the household corners had everything they needed: rags, brushes, kits for a little housewife, panicles, scoops. They arranged everything so that it was easy and convenient for children to use them.

Children maintain order in the area. The guys sweep the paths, shovel sand into a pile, collect garbage on the site. For the work of children on the site there is special equipment: a wooden rake for raking leaves, a wheelbarrow for transporting earth, sand, fallen leaves, pebbles, a whisk for cleaning the site from dry leaves and other litter.

Labor in nature provides for the participation of children in caring for plants and animals, growing plants in a corner of nature, in a garden, in a flower garden. This type of labor is of particular importance for the development of observation, the upbringing of a caring attitude towards all living things, and love for native nature.

Conveniently tried to arrange a corner of nature in the group. Plants are located at a height accessible to children to make it easier to care for them. All the necessary equipment was placed here: watering cans, rippers, buckets, small basins. Children take care of plants: water, loosen the soil, wipe large dense leaves.

Children sow seeds, grow vegetables and flowers together with adults. Children take care of the plantings very diligently.

Assessing the work of pupils, I emphasize their diligence. I teach children to follow the sequence in work, to bring things to the end, to clean up used equipment, I come to the rescue, taking into account their individual characteristics.

Labor is always associated with the expenditure of physical strength, requires attention, so it is necessary to dose it, taking into account the physical capabilities and psychological characteristics of children of this age.

Properly organized work attracts children, they are aware of their capabilities and experience joy from the results.

Children with great pleasure and special interest took part in the preparation of a salad of vegetables grown by their own hands. They proudly offered their treat to the staff of the kindergarten.

Manual labor is the production of objects from a variety of materials. There are boxes for storing natural material in the group. All equipment is in sufficient quantity, has an attractive appearance (bright color, pleasant shape).

Children make toys, attributes for games: boats, cars, baskets, houses, furniture, animals. Such crafts can be a nice gift for family and friends. This is of no small importance in moral education, accustoming children to pay attention to others, to work hard in order to please them.

In work, my kids, even the most naughty, insecure, became purposeful, active.

Thank you for your attention!

Related publications:

The development of fine motor skills of the hand of preschool children in play, productive and labor activities Work experience of the educator MKDOU No. 200 of the city of Kirov Zubkova Zoya Mikhailovna Topic: “Development of fine motor skills of the hand of preschool children.

"Creation of conditions for the organization of labor activity of middle-aged children" 1 slide. Topic: "Creating conditions for the organization of labor activity of middle-aged children." 2 slide. Man is famous for his work. Labor.

Consultation for educators "Formation of labor activity of children of primary preschool age" In the fourth year of life, the child still needs the help and care of adults, the teacher tries to encourage all manifestations of independence.

Consultation for educators "Organization of labor activity of children of primary preschool age" GBOU Gymnasium No. 1404 "Gamma" Consultation for educators. Topic: "Organization of labor activity of children of primary preschool age".

Round table for parents "Education of independence of children of preschool age in work" Purpose: to form in parents a clear idea of ​​the possibilities, ways and means of raising independence in children in the process.