Pregnancy, what tests should be taken by week. What tests need to be taken during pregnancy in different trimesters: list, and how to prepare. Deviations from the norm in the UAC may be caused by

It is best to contact an antenatal clinic for registration at 6–8 weeks of pregnancy. To register, you must present a passport and a compulsory health insurance policy (CHI). By the way, if you register early (up to 12 weeks), you are entitled to a one-time cash benefit. During a normal pregnancy, it is recommended to visit a gynecologist at least seven times during the entire period of bearing a child. In the first trimester - once a month, in the second trimester - once every 2-3 weeks, from 36 weeks until birth - once a week. Also, during pregnancy it will be necessary to undergo three screening ultrasound examinations: at 11–14 weeks, 18–21 weeks and 30–34 weeks.

At the first appointment, the obstetrician-gynecologist examines the woman, confirms the fact of pregnancy, and assesses the condition of the vaginal walls and cervix. The doctor also measures the weight, height, blood pressure and pelvic size of the expectant mother - in the future, these parameters will be recorded at each examination. In addition, the doctor fills out the necessary documents, gives recommendations on nutrition and taking vitamins, writes out referrals for tests and to other specialists.

Flora smear during pregnancy. The doctor must take a smear for flora and cytology for microscopic examination. A repeat smear for flora during pregnancy is taken at the 30th and 36th weeks. The analysis allows us to determine the development of the inflammatory process and identify infections. For any deviations from the norm, additional tests are prescribed, for example, a test for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). If they are detected, the doctor decides on the advisability of treatment. Some infections pose a danger to the normal development of the fetus and can lead to chromosomal abnormalities, damage to the placenta and various organs of the child - it makes sense to treat them. Among medications, topical agents that do not contain antibiotics (suppositories, creams) are most often used; starting from the second trimester of pregnancy, the doctor may prescribe antibacterial drugs.

General urine test during pregnancy. Allows you to quickly assess the general health of a pregnant woman and the functioning of her kidneys. In the future, it is carried out at every visit to the doctor during the entire period of gestation. You need to collect urine in a special plastic container (you can buy them at the pharmacy) in the morning, immediately after waking up. At night, the kidneys work more actively, as a result, the urine becomes more concentrated - this allows for more accurate diagnosis.

Normally, urine should be light yellow and almost transparent. Dark, cloudy urine is a sure sign of abnormalities in the body. This could be, for example, kidney disease, genitourinary system diseases, the development of infections or diabetes, and much more. A doctor will be able to more accurately determine what exactly is wrong after studying the results of a urine test. Based on changes in some indicators, one can suspect the development of gestational pyelonephritis (infectious inflammation of the kidneys, often occurring in pregnant women due to obstructed outflow of urine) or gestosis (a complication of pregnancy, which is manifested by increased pressure, swelling and the appearance of protein in the urine). Thus, regular urine testing allows you to timely monitor the occurrence of many serious diseases and begin their treatment.

General (clinical) blood test during pregnancy. One of the most informative tests, along with a urine test, allows you to assess the woman’s health as a whole, indicating the presence of problems in the functioning of certain body systems. A blood test during pregnancy is taken three times: upon registration and then in each trimester (at 18 and 30 weeks), and more often if necessary. This allows the doctor managing the pregnancy to monitor the dynamics of the patient’s condition and monitor important indicators. Based on the results of a clinical blood test during pregnancy, the number of leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin is determined, ESR and other indicators are assessed. For example, a high level of white blood cells and neutrophils indicates that there is an inflammatory process in the body. A low hemoglobin level indicates iron deficiency in the body and the likelihood of developing anemia. This disease is dangerous because the fetus does not receive enough oxygen, this negatively affects its development, and the risk of miscarriage and premature birth also increases. High rates of ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) indicate the possible development of several serious diseases at once, including cancer; in this case, additional studies are carried out to clarify the diagnosis. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, so high levels indicate there is a risk of blood clots.

Coagulogram. How the blood coagulation system works is also judged by a coagulogram; this analysis is done once every trimester, if there are no deviations. The indicators here are normally higher than before pregnancy, since during pregnancy the activity of the coagulation system increases.

Biochemical blood test during pregnancy. It is usually done at the same time as other blood tests. It helps to identify malfunctions in the functioning of various organs. For example, high levels of creatinine and urea indicate impaired kidney function. High bilirubin indicates possible liver problems, including the development of jaundice in pregnant women. A very important indicator is glucose level (blood sugar test). Allows you to evaluate the functioning of the pancreas and not miss the onset of the development of a fairly common pregnancy complication - gestational diabetes. This happens because during pregnancy the pancreas puts a lot of stress on it. Elevated blood glucose levels indicate that the gland is not coping with its tasks.

Analysis for blood group and Rh factor. Doctors are required to do this test, even if you have had it before. It is very important to accurately determine the blood type of the expectant mother, since in the event of large blood loss or unscheduled surgery, doctors may urgently need this information, and there will be no time to do the analysis. If a woman has a negative Rh factor, and the child’s father is positive, a Rh conflict may occur when the mother’s body perceives the child as a foreign body and produces antibodies to eliminate it. This can have serious consequences: cause the development of anemia, miscarriage or intrauterine fetal death. Therefore, if it turns out that a woman has a negative Rh factor, the child’s father donates blood. If he has a positive Rh factor, the expectant mother is regularly tested to monitor the appearance of antibodies: once a month until the 32nd week of pregnancy, and after this period and until the end of pregnancy - twice a month. If this is the first pregnancy and antibodies have not appeared before the 28th week, doctors suggest administering a special drug that blocks the production of antibodies in the future.

. The incubation period of these diseases is long, they may not manifest themselves immediately or not at all during pregnancy, and test results may also be negative for some time. Therefore, blood is checked for HIV and hepatitis twice – at the beginning of pregnancy and at 30–35 weeks. To diagnose syphilis, the Wasserman reaction test (RW) is used - it is done upon registration, at 30–35 weeks and 2–3 weeks before the expected date of birth. If any of the listed serious diseases is detected at an early stage, the option of terminating the pregnancy is possible; if at a late stage, the doctor will prescribe treatment if possible.

Blood test for . These include: toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes and some other infections. They are dangerous not so much for the health of the mother as for the development of the child. If a woman before pregnancy suffered from diseases that cause the listed infections, then she should develop immunity to TORCH infections that are potentially harmful to the fetus, and special antibodies will be present in the blood - their presence is what this test allows to identify. If there are no antibodies, the doctor will tell the expectant mother about the preventive measures that she must follow.

Also, in the first two weeks after contacting the antenatal clinic, a woman will need to visit a therapist, endocrinologist, ophthalmologist and otolaryngologist, and have an electrocardiogram done. If the expectant mother has health problems or any chronic diseases, consultations with other specialists and additional examinations during pregnancy may be necessary.

If the pregnancy is late or there are other indications, between the 10th and 12th weeks the doctor may prescribe a chorionic villus test (CVS) - a study of placental tissue to determine chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo.

"Double test"
At 11–14 weeks, according to the pregnancy examination plan, the first screening, or “double test,” is performed. It is also used to find out whether the fetus is at risk of developing chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome. Screening includes an ultrasound examination, a blood test to determine the level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and a protein that is produced in plasma (PAPP-A).

Pregnancy examinations: second trimester (14th to 27th week)

In the second trimester, it is recommended to visit a gynecologist once every 2-3 weeks; from the 16th week, during an examination, the doctor begins to measure the height of the uterine fundus and the volume of the abdomen to determine whether the child is developing correctly. These parameters will be recorded at each visit. At 18–21 weeks, a second screening or “triple test” is performed. It again determines the presence of hCG, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and free estriol (a steroid hormone). Together, these indicators allow doctors to make a fairly accurate prognosis. However, even if it turns out that the risk of developing a pathology in a child is high, this is not a death sentence. In this case, additional clarifying studies are carried out, for example, analysis of amniotic fluid (between the 14th and 20th weeks).

Also, in the period from the 18th to the 21st week, a second planned ultrasound is performed, during which the condition of the placenta and amniotic fluid is assessed, the child’s development corresponds to the norms, and it is also possible to determine the sex of the baby.

Pregnancy examinations: third trimester (28 to 40 weeks)

As a rule, at the 30th week, the antenatal clinic doctor arranges maternity leave and issues an exchange card to the pregnant woman. From the 30th to the 34th week, an ultrasound is performed for the third time - to determine the height and approximate weight of the fetus, its position in the uterus, the condition of the placenta, the quantity and quality of amniotic fluid, and the presence of umbilical cord entanglement. Based on these data, the doctor makes recommendations regarding the method of delivery.

At 32–35 weeks, cardiotocography (CTG) is performed - a study of the functioning of the cardiovascular system of the embryo and its motor activity. Using this method, you can determine how well the child feels.

From the 36th week until delivery, the doctor conducts a routine examination every week. During the entire period of bearing the baby, the gynecologist may prescribe additional tests or send the expectant mother for consultations with other doctors - it all depends on the characteristics of the pregnancy.

Exchange card is the most important document of the expectant mother

An exchange card is issued at the antenatal clinic at 22–23 weeks, and it is better to always have it with you. This is an important medical document for a pregnant woman, which will be needed when registering for a maternity hospital.

The exchange card consists of three parts (coupons):

• Information from the antenatal clinic about a pregnant woman. Here, the obstetrician-gynecologist, who monitors the woman throughout the entire period of pregnancy, enters basic information: personal data of the expectant mother, blood type and past and chronic diseases, information about previous pregnancies and births, results of examinations, tests, screenings, ultrasound, CTG, conclusions other specialists. After reviewing these data, the doctor in the maternity hospital will be able to find out all the necessary information about the characteristics of this pregnancy and assess the woman’s health status.
• Information from the maternity hospital about the woman in labor. Filled out by the doctor before the woman is discharged from the maternity hospital - he enters information about how the birth and the period after it went, about the presence of any complications, and makes notes about the need for further treatment. This part of the card will need to be given to the antenatal clinic doctor.
• Information from the maternity hospital about the newborn. Here all the baby’s parameters are recorded: height, weight, Apgar score (a summary analysis of five important criteria for the baby’s condition) and others. This part of the card will need to be handed over to the pediatrician who will monitor the child, he will create a medical record and transfer all the necessary data there.

Approximate schedule for examination during pregnancy:

Examination of pregnant women is carried out by the attending obstetrician-gynecologist in the antenatal clinic. It is he who prescribes the necessary tests and routine examinations by other specialists.

It's important for a woman to stand up registration up to 12 weeks gestation - this allows you to most accurately diagnose the stage of pregnancy and identify possible pathology at the initial stage.

Mandatory tests A woman during pregnancy takes the test upon registration, at 10–14, 16–20, 30 and 36 weeks. The list of analyzes includes:

• biochemical and general blood tests;
• special tests to determine fetal chromosomal abnormalities;
• tests for hidden infections and STDs;
• gynecological smears for microflora and oncocytology;
• general urine analysis.

As for a general urine test, it should be taken before each visit to the gynecologist: upon registration, once a month in the first trimester, once every three weeks in the second, every 14 days in the third.

Pregnancy tests in the table

Decoding

Blood, urine and vaginal discharge tests are carried out to timely detection of diseases in the body of a pregnant woman, and also allow her to monitor her condition.

General blood analysis

CBC allows you to see signs of a possible infectious disease or the presence of an inflammatory disease (this is indicated by an increase in indicators ESR(over 35 mm/hour) and level leukocytes(more than 10*10 9 l).

Another important indicator is hemoglobin, its decrease below 110 g/l indicates the development of anemia and requires additional intake of iron into the body.

General urine analysis

A urine test allows you to assess the condition of the urinary system. Detection of proteins, ketones, glucose, bilirubin, squamous epithelium, as well as leukocytes and erythrocytes in the urine is pathological and requires repeated and additional research using advanced methods. Urine density, above 1.030 indicates fluid retention in the body, and below 1.010 - a violation of the concentration function of the kidneys.

Blood biochemistry

Through biochemical research, various diseases of the body can be diagnosed. Decreased protein content(below 60 g/l) indicates malnutrition and disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. In the last months of pregnancy, a decrease in serum protein is normal.

Decreased albumin(below 35 g/l) can be detected against the background of gastrointestinal diseases, kidney and liver damage. Activity change AST and ALT in the higher direction (over 32 units/l) is diagnosed with liver damage, poliomyelitis, leptospirosis, herpes zoster. The decrease in AST and ALT during pregnancy is physiological.

An increase in the concentration of total cholesterol indicates dysfunction of the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. High cholesterol also detected in diabetes mellitus. A decrease in its concentration (below 3.6 mmol/l) is determined in acute infectious diseases and heart failure.

Increased creatinine concentration(above 97 µmol/l) indicates diseases of the skeletal muscles and kidneys in the acute and chronic stages. Renal failure is indicated by increased urea content(above 400 µmol/l).

Research for RW, HIV, hepatitis

Positive test results indicate the presence of the disease.

Tests for latent (TORCH) infections

The detection of IgM class immunoglobulins to any microorganism indicates infection by the virus in the acute stage. Detection of IgG antibodies indicates a previous infection.

Double test

Increased hCG + decreased PAPP indicates intrauterine fetal chromosomal abnormalities(Down and Edwards syndromes). A reduced hCG level is a sign of frozen pregnancy, fetal growth retardation, and placental insufficiency.

Triple test (second screening)

Chromosome abnormalities of the fetus are indicated by an increase in hCG and a decrease in AFP and estriol. An increase in AFP indicates fetal malformations (neural tube disorders, abdominal wall nonunion).

Microflora smear

Increase in quantity leukocytes (over 20) indicates an ongoing inflammatory process. Identified microorganisms Candida, Gardnerella indicate vaginal dysbiosis. The detection of trichomonas and gonococci is pathological and requires immediate treatment.

Detection of pathological microorganisms PCR method indicates the presence of an infectious disease.

Norm

Tests in the 1st week of pregnancy are an exciting process, and, basically, the main task is to make sure whether pregnancy has occurred or not. The first analysis that can be done at home is to do a pregnancy test. But, in the first week after fertilization, the test will not yet give a positive result, since the fertilized egg has not yet implanted in the uterine mucosa. Only after the egg is implanted does hCG begin to be released, and it is this hormone that indicates the onset of pregnancy. It is best to use a rapid test in the first week of a missed period.

The most reliable way to confirm the fact of pregnancy is a blood test for the presence of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin). In the first weeks, its concentration will be from zero to five honey/ml. In the future, depending on the growth of hCG, the most accurate period of pregnancy can be determined.

Ultrasound in the first week of pregnancy is ineffective as a diagnostic method. A woman may be referred for an ultrasound to rule out fibroids, cystic and tumor formations, and blood clots in the uterus.

If the pregnancy was planned, while waiting for its confirmation, you need to protect yourself from colds and infections, give up bad habits and medications, don’t be nervous or overworked, and take vitamin complexes.

Tests at 2 weeks of pregnancy

Many expectant mothers undergo tests at the 2nd week of pregnancy simultaneously with registration at the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

According to the analysis and survey data of the pregnant woman, an individual pregnancy management plan is drawn up, taking into account previous diseases and existing pathologies.

Tests at 3 weeks of pregnancy

Many expectant mothers undergo tests at the 3rd week of pregnancy simultaneously with registration at the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Carrying out an hCG test (from the 7th day after the expected fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy and makes it possible to establish the most accurate timing.

Ultrasound examination (if indicated, if pregnancy is planned) - to make sure that there are no cystic or tumor formations, blood clots in the uterine cavity, as well as to exclude other abnormalities of the reproductive system, as well as to exclude ectopic pregnancy.

If, according to hCG data, pregnancy is confirmed, then appointments are issued for the following tests:

• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Testing for TORCH infections.
• Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels, determining blood clotting.
• Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is also recommended to visit highly specialized doctors - dentist, therapist, ENT doctor - to treat possible diseases and not complicate the course of pregnancy.

Tests at 4 weeks of pregnancy

Many expectant mothers undergo tests at the 4th week of pregnancy simultaneously with registration at the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Carrying out an hCG test (from the 7th day after the expected fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy and makes it possible to establish the most accurate timing.
• Ultrasound examination - to make sure that there are no cystic or tumor formations, blood clots in the uterine cavity, and also to exclude other abnormalities
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Testing for TORCH infections.
• Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Carrying out general, biochemical analysis, determining blood sugar levels, determining blood clotting.
• Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
• It is also recommended to visit highly specialized doctors - dentist, therapist, ENT doctor - to treat possible diseases and not complicate the course of pregnancy.

Tests at 5 weeks of pregnancy

Many mothers undergo tests at the 5th week of pregnancy simultaneously with registration at the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Carrying out an hCG test (from the 7th day after the expected fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy and makes it possible to determine the timing.
• Ultrasound examination. They are carried out to make sure that there are no cystic or tumor formations, blood clots in the uterine cavity, and also to exclude other abnormalities of the reproductive system. And most importantly, exclude ectopic pregnancy.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Testing for TORCH infections.
• Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels, determining blood clotting.
• Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is also recommended to visit highly specialized doctors - dentist, therapist, ENT doctor - to treat possible diseases and not complicate the course of pregnancy.

Tests at 6 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 6th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure and weigh.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.

Analysis at 7 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 7th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Carrying out a pregnancy test at home (you can buy it at a pharmacy, the test is indicated if your period is 7-10 days late)
• Carrying out an hCG test (from the 7th day after the expected fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy.
• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 5 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure and weigh.
• Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
• Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 8 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 8th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Carrying out a pregnancy test (you can buy it at a pharmacy; the test is indicated if your period is 7-10 days late)
• Carrying out an hCG test (from the 7th day after the expected fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy.
• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 5 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure and weigh.
• Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
• Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 9 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 9th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure and weigh.
• Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
• Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 10 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 10th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure and weigh.
• Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
• Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 11 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 11th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
• Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
• Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 12 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 12th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
• Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 13 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 13th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
• Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
• Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 14 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 14th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
• Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
• Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW
• Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 15 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 15th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Carrying out an ECG.
• Carrying out a hormone test as prescribed by a doctor.
• Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.

Tests at 16 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 16th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
• Carrying out an ECG.
• Carrying out a hormone test as prescribed by a doctor.
• Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels.
• Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is necessary to conduct a triple test - the indicators of this test will help to provide early information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 17 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 17th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
• Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
• Analysis for the detection of urogenital infectious diseases according to a doctor’s indication.
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Carrying out general, biochemical analysis, determination of blood sugar.
• Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
• Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is necessary to conduct a triple test - the indicators of this test will help to provide early information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 18 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 18th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
• Carrying out an ECG.
• Carrying out a hormone test as prescribed by a doctor.
• Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.

• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels.
• Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is necessary to conduct a triple test - the indicators of this test will help to provide early information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 19 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 19th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
• Carrying out an ECG.
• Carrying out a hormone test as prescribed by a doctor.
• Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.

If at this time a woman is just registering, it is recommended:

• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels.
• Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is necessary to conduct a triple test - the indicators of this test will help to provide early information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 20 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 20th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
• Carrying out an ECG.
• Carrying out a hormone test as prescribed by a doctor.
• Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
• If at this time a woman is just registering, it is recommended:
• Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
• Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels.
• Determining the blood type and blood type of a pregnant woman.
• Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
• It is necessary to conduct a triple test - the indicators of this test will help to provide early information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 21 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 21 weeks of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
• Carrying out an ECG.

Tests at 22 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 22nd week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• Carrying out an ECG.
• Donating blood for hormone analysis is carried out if there is a threat of miscarriage or the formation of intrauterine pathologies of the fetus.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 23 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 23rd week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist.
• Carrying out an ECG.
• Donating blood for hormone analysis is carried out if there is a threat of miscarriage or the formation of intrauterine pathologies of the fetus.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 24 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 24th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist.
• Carrying out an ECG.

Tests at 25 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 25th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned one, 24-26 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the amount of amniotic fluid, confirm the absence of anomalies in the fetus, and assess the condition of the placenta and its attachment site.
• Donating blood for a clinical blood test to monitor hemoglobin levels.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if this was not done at week 24).
• Carrying out an ECG.

Tests at 26 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 26th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned one, 24-26 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the amount of amniotic fluid, confirm the absence of anomalies in the fetus, and assess the condition of the placenta and its attachment site.
• Donating blood for a clinical blood test to monitor hemoglobin levels.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist.
• Carrying out an ECG to assess the functioning of the cardiovascular system of the expectant mother.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 27 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 27th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned one, 24-26 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the amount of amniotic fluid, confirm the absence of anomalies in the fetus, and assess the condition of the placenta and its attachment site.
• Donating blood for a clinical blood test to monitor hemoglobin levels.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 28 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 28th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

• Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned one, 24-26 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the height and weight of the fetus, its position and presentation, to have an idea of ​​the amount of amniotic fluid, and to determine the sex of the unborn baby.
• Donating blood for a clinical blood test to monitor hemoglobin levels.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 29 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 29th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At term, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• A pregnant woman's urine sample for a general analysis and check of kidney function should be done before each visit to the antenatal clinic. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 30 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 30th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once every two weeks. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

At the same time, the expectant mother should receive an exchange card with the written results of all tests and examinations performed, if 30 weeks have passed since the first day of her last period. Based on this document, the expectant mother will be admitted to the maternity hospital; it is better to always have it with her. Also during this period, maternity leave is issued for working women (or students) - 30 weeks after the start of the last menstruation.

Tests at 31 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 31 weeks of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once every two weeks. During this period, the expectant mother undergoes the following mandatory tests:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 32 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 32nd week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once every two weeks. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and tests carried out as prescribed by the doctor:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine donation for general analysis and testing of kidney function.

Tests at 33 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 33rd week of pregnancy must be taken systematically, without disrupting the schedule. You need to visit the doctor supervising your pregnancy once a week. At this time, upon visiting the antenatal clinic, the pregnant woman should undergo:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine donation for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Carrying out Doppler ultrasound (as prescribed by a doctor) - to assess the condition of the vessels of the uterine body, blood circulation of the placenta and fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen starvation in the baby.
• Carrying out cardiotocography (as prescribed by a doctor). This study assesses the synchrony of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Tests at 34 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 34 weeks of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a week. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and tests carried out as prescribed by the doctor:

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Urine donation for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Carrying out Doppler ultrasound (as prescribed by a doctor) - to assess the condition of the vessels of the uterine body, blood circulation of the placenta and fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen starvation in the baby.
• Carrying out cardiotocography (as prescribed by a doctor). This study assesses the synchrony of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Tests at 36 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 36 weeks of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a week. During this period, the expectant mother undergoes the following mandatory tests:

• Ultrasound examination. They are carried out in order to obtain data on the height and weight of the fetus, its position and presentation, and to have an idea of ​​the amount of amniotic fluid.
• Donating blood for AIDS (HIV) and syphilis. This is necessary to eliminate the possibility of infection during pregnancy and to protect the unborn child.
• Donating blood for biochemistry. This makes it possible to get an overall picture of the pregnant woman’s health.
• Submission of a vaginal smear to determine the microflora of the vaginal mucosa.
• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• Carrying out Doppler ultrasound (as prescribed by a doctor) - to assess the condition of the vessels of the uterine body, blood circulation of the placenta and fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen starvation in the baby.
• Carrying out cardiotocography (as prescribed by a doctor). This study assesses the synchrony of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Also, the expectant mother should receive an exchange card with the written results of all tests and examinations performed, if 30 weeks have passed since the first day of her last period. Based on this document, the expectant mother will be admitted to the maternity hospital; it is better to always have it with her. Also at this time, maternity leave is issued - 30 weeks after the start of the last menstruation.

Tests at 37 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 37 weeks of pregnancy include several stages. At this stage, the baby is almost fully formed and viable. At this stage, tests are aimed at monitoring the condition of the mother and fetus, preventing the development of anemia in the mother and oxygen starvation in the baby. If necessary, hospitalization of the expectant mother before the onset of labor is indicated.

At the 37th week of pregnancy, a pregnant woman should undergo the following tests:

• Consultation with a doctor supervising pregnancy once a week with mandatory measurement of blood pressure, fundal height of the uterus, weighing, and auscultation of the fetal heart rate.
• Urine donation for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
• Submission of a vaginal smear - to analyze the microflora of the vaginal mucosa in anticipation of childbirth.
• Carrying out Doppler sonography - to assess the condition of the vessels of the uterine body, blood circulation of the placenta and fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen starvation in the baby.
• Carrying out cardiotocography (as indicated by a doctor) - assessing and recording the fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions.

Also, at week 37, the expectant mother should receive an exchange card with the written results of all tests and examinations performed. Based on this document, the expectant mother will be admitted to the maternity hospital; it is better to always have it with her. Also at this time, maternity leave is issued - 30 weeks after the start of the last menstruation.

• Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
• The expectant mother must submit urine for a general analysis. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
• Do a Doppler ultrasound to assess the condition of the uterine vessels, placental circulation and fetal blood flow. This is necessary in order to prevent the development of oxygen starvation in the fetus.
• Carry out cardiotocography. This study assesses the synchrony of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Tests at the 39th week of pregnancy should not be skipped; this is the easiest and most harmless way to monitor the condition of the unborn child and mother.

A pregnant woman should undergo a general urine test to exclude the possibility of inflammation, kidney dysfunction and not to miss such a serious condition as late toxicosis, which is very dangerous for the health of the baby and mother. A urine test that does not contain protein or leukocyte sugar can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

A general blood test is also required to monitor changes in the percentage of formed elements, specifically red blood cells, so as not to miss anemia, which provokes oxygen deficiency in the fetus.

Blood pressure measurements and a cardiogram of a pregnant woman’s heart are also mandatory tests. Also, as prescribed by the obstetrician-gynecologist supervising the pregnancy, a test for hepatitis B and C and a bacteriological smear of vaginal discharge may be prescribed.

Tests at 40 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 40 weeks of pregnancy are prescribed according to individual indications. At 40 weeks, the future baby is ready for childbirth, its weight is 3-3.5 kg, and its height reaches fifty to fifty-five centimeters. The baby is quite active at this stage; his back, legs, arms, and head can be felt. The position of the child in the uterine cavity is very clearly visible.

You only need to visit a doctor who supervises your pregnancy once a week. The examination includes standard procedures - the pregnant woman must weigh herself, measure her blood pressure, the doctor measures the height of the uterus, listens to and records the fetal heartbeat. Before visiting a doctor, you also need to take a urine sample for a general analysis to assess the condition of the excretory system and evaluate kidney function.

Doppler sonography is performed only if there is a suspicion of post-term pregnancy. Using this method, information is obtained about the state of blood circulation in the uterus, about the blood flow of the placenta and the blood flow of the unborn child, and most importantly, in this way you can find out whether the fetus is suffering from oxygen starvation.

Cardiotocography is also carried out according to indications if there is a suspicion of postmaturity. Using this method, the condition of the unborn child is also assessed in order to exclude oxygen starvation.

I don’t understand at all the indignation of mothers about the fact that they are not allowed to breastfeed their children in a public place. For a minute, they don’t let you feed, but they don’t let you expose your breasts. Of course, a hungry child has the right to satisfy his hunger at any time convenient for him, and his mother has the right to feed her child where and when she sees fit. But why do you need to demonstratively expose your breasts? If you are a nursing mother, you probably assume that the time will inevitably come to feed your baby, so take with you a cape, a scarf, a snood, and at least a fan, well, something to cover yourself if necessary. In the end, if it so happens that you don’t have anything on you, step aside, turn away, choose a place that is not so crowded, so that you don’t feel embarrassed and don’t embarrass people. As for the specific situation in the museum, the issue, in my opinion, is controversial. Here, oddly enough, I am on my mother’s side. Simply because there is absolutely nothing to argue with her. Indeed, what kind of indecency can we talk about in connection with the exposure of the chest if families with children come to the Tretyakov Gallery and do not turn away in embarrassment from the paintings of Rembrandt, Michelangelo’s David without a fig leaf, do not cover the children’s eyes, etc. But this is done as trolling, to annoy the museum administration and the public. In general, I would not drag an infant into a public place during the SARS season, and then, if the incident took place in the Tretyakov Gallery, then sometimes there are such queues at the box office, sometimes you can stand on the street for an hour. Why torture a child? And then it would be possible to step aside again, why feed the baby ostentatiously in a crowd of people? Feeding babies is such an intimate moment that does not tolerate extraneous glances, strangers, not always positive thoughts, etc. But this, of course, is a personal matter for everyone. I don’t know all the details, but if I were the museum staff, I would never get into trouble with a nursing mother, and if her behavior, in their opinion, somehow violated the order established in the museum, I would (if I were an employee) offered her stole, scarf, or would take her to a more secluded place. Well, if a nursing mother started making a fuss in response to my (as a museum employee) proposals, defending her rights, I would leave her alone. Why take a sin on your soul, get into a quarrel with it, make it nervous, in the end, everything will affect the baby, it turns out that by your actions you are harming the baby, why is this?