What are movable and fixed holidays. Passing holidays. Ascension of the Lord - dates by years

These holidays fall into two categories:

Fixed (non-movable) holidays: they always fall on a strictly defined day of the month, regardless of the day of the week, which changes annually. These include nine twelfth church holidays:

Twelfth fixed holidays

Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary	September 21
†Exaltation of the Holy Cross (40 days from the Transfiguration)	September 27
Entry into the Temple of the Blessed Virgin Mary	December 4
†Nativity	Jan. 7
	January 19
†The Presentation of the Lord (40 days AD)	February, 15
Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos (9 months BC)	April 7
†Transfiguration	August 19
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary	August 28

Movable (movable) holidays. The movable part of the church calendar moves along with the date of celebration, which changes from year to year. All "mobile" holidays are counted from Easter and move in the space of the "secular" calendar along with it.

The Twelfth Passing Holidays:

The twelfth feasts each have one fore-feast day, with the exception of the Nativity of Christ, which has 5 days of fore-feast, and Theophany, which has 4 pre-feast days.

The number of afterfeast days is not the same - from 1 to 8 days, depending on the greater or lesser proximity of some holidays to others or to the days of fasting.
Some of the Lord's feasts, moreover, are preceded and concluded by special Saturdays and weeks (Sundays).

The services of the twelfth feasts of the fixed circle are in menstruation. Services of the twelfth holidays of the moving circle are located in Lenten and Colored.

In Russia, until 1925, the Twelfth Holidays were both church and civil.

Great non-twelfth holidays:

At the feasts of the Nativity and the Beheading of John the Baptist, the Circumcision of the Lord, the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos, the Holy Primate Apostles Peter and Paul, there is no fore-feast, after-feast and no giving.

Bishop Alexander Mileant
Y. Ruban
Holidays of the Christmas cycle Y. Ruban
Twelfth holidays arch. Alexander Men
Troparion of the Twelfth Feasts

Christian holidays

Christian holidays- certain days of the church calendar, celebrated with divine services that have an individual liturgical character. This is fixed in the names of the holidays and "penitent times", the dates and order of their celebration, as well as in the content of the texts performed during the service. Their purpose and meaning is the remembrance, glorification and theological interpretation of the key stages in the history of Salvation, which is embodied mainly in the events of the earthly life of Jesus Christ (the Savior), and the Virgin Mary, the real accomplice of this divine-human process. Hence - an exceptional place in the calendar of holidays dedicated to Them.

The holidays are distributed within two overlapping annual cycles - (menaion) and (triode, or Easter-Pentecost). Celebrations and memorable events of the first cycle are strictly fixed only by the days of the month (for the dates of the Julian calendar in relation to the modern civil one, an amendment is necessary: n - 13 days, - for the XX-XXI centuries). The holidays of the second are fixed only by the days of the week, being rigidly correlated with Easter, which is the starting point for the entire moving annual cycle. The date of the latter moves within 35 days (“Easter limits”): from April 4 (March 22, O.S.) to May 8 (April 25, O.S.).

The most important holidays of the modern Orthodox calendar are called "twelfth", or "twelve" (from the Slavic twelfth - "twelve") (see). , as "holidays holiday", is outside this classification.

The second step in the festive hierarchical ladder is occupied by holidays, which are called “great” in liturgical word usage. These include: the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos (October 1/14), the Circumcision of the Lord and the memory of St. Basil the Great (January 1/14), the Nativity of John the Baptist (June 24/July 7), the memory of the supreme app. Peter and Paul (June 29 / July 12), the Beheading of John the Baptist (August 29 / September 11), and also, according to some old calendars, the repose (death) of St. John the Theologian (September 26/October 9), commemoration of St. Nicholas, Archbishop of Mir of Lycia (December 6/19) and the transfer of his relics from Mir to the Italian city of Bari (May 9/22).

All other numerous holidays are dedicated to incorporeal forces (the common holiday is the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, November 8/21), Old Testament and Christian saints, commemoration of significant events in Sacred Biblical and Christian history, the appearance of miraculous icons, the discovery of relics.
The constant canonization of new saints means the continuous replenishment of the Christian calendar.

The Church Charter (Typicon) provides for the gradation of all holidays into five categories according to the degree of solemnity of their worship, which is fixed by special signs (the sixth category has no sign). The patronal feast of any church (whose name it bears) is equated for it in the liturgical aspect with the Twelve Feasts. The same degree of solemnity can be inherent in "locally honored" holidays, even those that have a modest liturgical status at the general church level.

Holidays common to all Christians are, first of all, Easter and Christmas (the latter, as a special calendar celebration, does not have the Armenian and other Monophysite churches). The most important annual holidays are mostly the same for Orthodox and Catholics (because they are based on the same events of sacred history), but differ in dates, often in names and semantic nuances, as well as in the nature of the celebration.
Many saints of the one Church are equally revered: eastern ones in the West, western ones in the East (Basil the Great - Ambrose of Milan, etc.). But the saints of one Church who lived after the division of the Churches (1054) can be venerated in another Church mainly at the local level, with the permission of the church authorities. The official Catholic calendar, for example, includes the names of Sts. Cyril of Turov (May 11), Anthony of Pechersk (July 24), Equal-to-the-Apostles Olga and Vladimir (July 27 and 28), Boris and Gleb (August 5), Sergius of Radonezh (October 8); the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God is also commemorated (September 7).
Protestants, rejecting the veneration of the Mother of God, saints, relics and icons, do not have their respective holidays in their calendars.

The study of holidays in the context of the general process of the formation of the church calendar is engaged in (lit. "holiday studies") - an auxiliary historical discipline, one of the sections of academic liturgy.

Liturgical texts are contained in the Service Book, in 12 volumes (for fixed feasts), Lenten and Colored (for movable feasts), the Festive Menaia, as well as in numerous editions of services for individual feasts, often containing historical references, commentaries, notations, and other appendices.

“How to celebrate the holiday? We celebrate an event (to delve into the greatness of the event, its purpose, its fruit for believers) or a person, such as: the Lord, the Mother of God, Angels and Saints (to delve into the attitude of that person towards God and humanity, into his beneficial influence on the Church of God , at all). It is necessary to delve into the history of an event or person, to approach the event or person, otherwise the holiday will be imperfect, unpleasing. Holidays should have an impact on our lives, should enliven, kindle our faith (hearts) in future blessings and nourish pious, good morals.

- ♦ (ENG movable feasts) feasts of the Christian church year, whose dating depends on the day of Easter. Among others, these are: Ash Wednesday, Easter, Ascension, Pentecost and Trinity…

Most of the Holidays of the Russian Orthodox Church are common with other Churches, but there are also special ones, for example, the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos or the Cathedral of All Saints Who Resplendent in the Russian Land. They are divided according to the significance of the event being celebrated and ... ... Wikipedia

Christian holidays- (Church / Liturgical) ♦ (ENG feasts, Christian (ecclesiastical / liturgical) days of the church calendar, corresponding to important events in the life of Christ, saints and Christians. The Resurrection of Jesus Christ is celebrated on Sundays. ... ... Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms

Holidays of the Orthodox Church- In Christ, generally accepted are the holidays that mark the most important milestones in the earthly path of Jesus Christ Christmas, Baptism, Candlemas, Resurrection (Easter), Ascension, Trinity (Pentecost). Festive calendar churches… … Religions of the peoples of modern Russia

BIBLICAL HOLIDAYS- These include P. old-timer. Churches, as well as Christ. P. associated with events and persons of the priest. stories. 1. Items mentioned in the Bible. Old Testament P. have a long and complex history. Their purpose was twofold: on the one hand, to consecrate various areas ... ... Bibliological dictionary

In total, there are twelve main Christian holidays in a year, in Church Slavonic - twelve or twelve. Hence, each of them was called the TWENTIETH (twelfth). The twelfth holidays include: Entrance ... ... Encyclopedia of Russian life of the XIX century

Passing holidays (also movable holidays) are holidays and memorable days in the church calendar with moving dates relative to the solar (civil) calendar. They are determined depending on Easter, which is celebrated on a lunisolar ... ... Wikipedia

Icon "Menaia for a year" Orthodox holidays are solemn days in Orthodoxy dedicated to the celebration of sacred events and especially revered saints. In the liturgical sense, these are days ... Wikipedia

Jesus. Early Christian fresco in the Roman catacombs Lord's holidays (also ... Wikipedia

- (also fixed holidays) church holidays with fixed dates according to the solar calendar. Twelfth non-passing holidays: September 8 (21) Nativity of the Virgin, September 14 (27) Exaltation of the Holy Cross, November 21 (December 4) ... ... Wikipedia

Books

Orthodox fasts and holidays. Calendar until 2035, . Passing and enduring holidays, twelfth and great holidays, periods of multi-day and one-day fasts, days of special commemoration of the dead and a ban on weddings - all traditions and ...
Orthodox fasts and holidays Calendar until 2035, E. Klepatskaya (comp.). Passing and enduring holidays, twelfth and great holidays, periods of multi-day and one-day fasts, days of special commemoration of the dead and a ban on weddings - all traditions and ...

MOBILE HOLIDAYS. The mobile feasts of the Orthodox Church form two cycles: Lenten and Paschal. Lent includes three preparatory Sundays preceding Great Lent, Lent itself and Holy Week. In the preparatory period for Great Lent, the order of worship begins to change, and hymns calling for repentance are heard more and more often. During this period, the service recalls the Last Judgment, the parables of the publican and the Pharisee, the prodigal son. On the last day before the start of Lent, the service is dedicated to the expulsion of Adam and Eve from paradise. Thus, the Church awakens in her children the desire for God and the desire for repentance. Before the beginning of the fast, in the evening, a rite of forgiveness is performed, during which the members of the community reconcile with each other, therefore this day is called Forgiveness Sunday.

Lenten services are performed according to special rules and are distinguished by strictness and concentration. After each divine service, the prayer of St. Ephraim the Syrian is read. Its content is devoted to the most important thing in the Lenten feat - the change and correction of the human soul, which are possible only with the help of God. The Eucharist in Great Lent is celebrated only on Saturday and Sunday. On Wednesday and Friday, the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts is served, when you can partake of the previously consecrated Holy Gifts. All Sundays of Great Lent have their own liturgical themes. The first is called the week of the Triumph of Orthodoxy. The Church celebrates on this day the victory over the last of the major heresies - iconoclasm. The second Sunday is dedicated to St. Gregory Palamas, who taught about the divine nature of the Tabor Light - that radiance that the apostles saw on the Mount of Transfiguration, when Christ was transfigured before them. The third Sunday is the middle of Lent; it is called Holy Week. On the fourth Sunday, St. John of the Ladder is remembered, and on the fifth - St. Mary of Egypt; the works and lives of these saints can best teach repentance and help to repent. When six weeks of fasting have passed, there comes a special time of the last days before Easter. The last day of the sixth week is called Lazarus Saturday. Shortly before the crucifixion, Christ resurrected the deceased Lazarus in Bethany, demonstrating His divine power and authority over death. The next day is dedicated to the Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem. Christ comes to Jerusalem, although he knows that they are looking for His death here. The people greet Him joyfully and solemnly, as an earthly king, not realizing that this is the King of Heaven. This Sunday, palm branches are brought to the temple, remembering how the people laid them under the feet of Christ. In Rus' at this time only willow blossoms, the branches of which are consecrated at the service; the day itself is called Palm Sunday. Holy Week is coming. On Wednesday, the betrayal of Judas, one of the apostles, is remembered, who decided to betray Christ to His enemies for 30 pieces of silver. Thursday is the day of the Last Supper, where the sacrament of the Eucharist was instituted. On this day, all Christians come to the Eucharistic chalice. On Friday, a service called the Following of the Passion of Christ is performed. At this divine service, 12 passages from the Gospel dedicated to the last hours of the life of Jesus Christ are read: the Last Supper, prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane, the traitorous kiss of Judas, judgment, betrayal to be crucified, scourging, death on the cross, position in the tomb. The Saturday of Holy Week is that great day when Christ, while remaining in the tomb with His body, descended into hell with His soul and conquered it, freeing the people who were there. The divine service of this day is not yet Paschal, but is already illuminated by the light of the approaching feast. On Easter night, a procession takes place, which, as it were, leads everyone to the tomb to meet the risen Christ. The service of the first day of Pascha and the Great Week following it is swift, joyful and filled with jubilation. The troparion of Pascha is repeated an infinite number of times: "Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down death by death and bestowing life on those in the tombs." The next Sunday after Easter is called Antipascha ("instead of Easter"), its other name is Fomin's week. On this day Christ came to His disciples and assured the doubting Apostle Thomas of His resurrection. The celebration of Easter continues until the Ascension, which is celebrated on the 40th day. Christ ascended into heaven and sat down at the right hand (on the right side) of the Father. He ordered His disciples not to leave Jerusalem until the Comforter, that is, the Holy Spirit, came to them, which happened on the day of Pentecost. The apostles, on whom the Holy Spirit descended in the form of tongues of flame, received miraculous gifts of grace and began to preach the work of Christ, converting thousands of people. In Rus', this holiday began to be called the Trinity. Fulfilling the commandment of their Teacher, the apostles preached in many countries of the world, through their labors the Church of Christ grew and became stronger. The Sunday after Pentecost is called the Sunday of All Saints.

The most important of these is, of course, Happy Easter, Resurrection of Christ. On this day, the Church remembers how the crucified Savior rose from the dead, breaking the fetters of hell and thus giving hope for future immortality to every person.

Following are twelve holidays, called great or twelfth. The twelfth holidays are divided into non-transitory and transitory. The first of them are celebrated on the same day every year. The dates of the second are connected with the movement of the date of Easter.

Also read: Orthodox calendar for 2018

Non-passing twelfth holidays

Christmas Day January 7 according to the new style - this is the most famous Christian holiday dedicated to the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ, the beginning of a new era in the life of mankind.

Ascension of the Lord- on the 40th day after Easter, the Ascension of the risen Lord Jesus Christ into the Kingdom of His Father in Heaven is celebrated, which took place on Mount Olivet, in the presence of the apostles and the Mother of God.

Holy Trinity Day, Pentecost- on Sunday, on the 50th day after Pascha, the descent of the Holy Spirit on the holy apostles and the Mother of God in the form of fiery tongues is remembered. This holiday is considered the birthday of the Christian Church.