When the first feeding of the baby is artificial. The introduction of complementary foods with artificial feeding

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Table of complementary foods for children up to a year. Monthly food.
Young mothers are at a loss, the older generation advises introducing carrot juice drop by drop at 4 months, friends say "meat should already be eaten at 6 months", there is a lot of conflicting information on the Internet. The nutrition of a child up to a year should be balanced and correct. Modern mothers carry out the introduction of complementary foods during breastfeeding and artificial feeding, adhering to the WHO recommendations for children under one year old. Our schedule for the day, based on the recommendations of our pediatrician on unborn children.

“Exclusive breastfeeding fully meets the nutritional needs of most infants until about 6 months of age.
However, as the baby gets older, bigger and more active, the nutritional needs can no longer be met by breast milk alone. To fill the gap between what breastmilk provides and the total nutritional needs of the infant, special transitional foods are needed—complementary foods specifically designed to meet the specific nutritional and physiological needs of the infant.

The introduction of transitional feeding does not mean the end of breastfeeding or formula feeding. On the contrary, in the first year of life, breast milk or formula should remain one of the main sources of nutrition, and it is desirable that by the end of the first year it provides from one third to one half of the average total energy intake.

The purpose of complementary foods is to provide additional energy and nutrients, but ideally they should not replace breast milk for the first 12 months!

Children are physically able to consume foods from the family table by the age of 1 year, after which these foods no longer need to be modified to meet the special needs of the infant.

In order to meet the energy and nutritional needs of growing children, they need to be offered a wide range of high nutritional foods.value. In addition, it is possible that when children are offered a more varied diet, this improves their appetite.

When to start feeding

1. Age 5-6 months (preferably at 6, not earlier and not later).
2. Doubling birth weight.
3. The child is able to sit. He can lean towards the spoon or turn away from it, confidently turns his head.
4. The child firmly holds a small thing in his fist and can purposefully put it in his mouth.
5. The child shows great interest in the nutrition of the parents and asks to try.
6. Eruption of the first teeth.
7. Disappearance of the protective reflex of "pushing out" solid particles of food with the tongue. This reflex weakens by 6 months. In some children, it can linger up to a year and even up to three years.
8. Complementary foods are offered only to a healthy child. Contraindications to the introduction of complementary foods are: allergic manifestations, preparation for vaccinations and the period after vaccinations, intestinal diseases, recovery period after diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Where to start introducing complementary foods

According to indications, when a child is not gaining weight well or there is a tendency to change the frequency and consistency of stools, doctors recommend introducing porridge as the first complementary food, and then vegetable puree. I think, first of all, it is worth dealing with the reasons for the lack of weight, porridge is unlikely to solve the problem!

It is best to start introducing complementary foods in the daytime feeding in order to monitor the reaction of the child during the day.
I advise you to have an approximate one by 6 months schedule and feedings, namely certain intervals between feedings (normally 4 hours). It will be easier for you to navigate with the preparation of food and the child will feel hungry for the next feeding. How to introduce the correct daily routine for children up to a year.

Table (scheme) of introducing complementary foods by months according to WHO recommendations up to 3 years

As it turned out, there are a lot of interpretations of WHO schemes on the Internet, there is no single scheme, there are recommendations in the WHO manual in chapter 8 (link at the end of the post). Based on the needs and preferences and characteristics of her child, each mother adheres to her own scheme.
The main recommendations of our pediatrician and a modern view on the introduction of complementary foods read: white and green vegetables are introduced first, then cereals, meat, vegetable and butter, then fruit purees are the base, after which we begin to add orange vegetables, potatoes to the diet, try cottage cheese and sour-milk products closer to the year.
It all depends on your child, Maxim loves to eat with me very much, the products were introduced gradually and according to the scheme, there are no problems with nutrition. When the serving volume reached 150-180 grams, breastfeeding was removed.
Our scheme with Maksimka is as follows:

6 months -Vegetables(we introduce zucchini, cauliflower, broccoli) from 5-100 gr

The goal in this initial stage is to teach the infant to eat from a spoon. Initially, only a small amount of food is needed (about one or two teaspoons), and it should be given on the tip of a clean teaspoon or finger. It may take a child some time to learn how to use their lips to remove food from a spoon and move food ready to be swallowed to the back of the mouth. Part of the food can flow down the chin, spit out. This is to be expected from the outset, and this
does not mean that the child does not like the food.

Week - new product	12-13.00 (conditionally lunch) we finish with breast milk or formula
I - zucchini	1 day - 0.5 - 1 tsp vegetable puree (zucchini) Day 2 - 2 tsp vegetable puree (zucchini), etc. Increase to 50-60 gr 1 tsp. without a slide = 5 gr.
II - cauliflower	1 day - 1 tsp vegetable puree (cauliflower) + 50 gr zucchini Day 2 - 2 tsp vegetable puree (cauliflower) + 45 gr zucchini, etc. (i.e. reduce the amount of the second vegetable by the size of the first) Day 6 - 60 gr vegetable puree (cauliflower) + 20 gr zucchini Day 7 - 80 gr vegetable puree (cauliflower) By quantity, be guided by the child, the table shows approximate volumes!
III - broccoli	1 day - 1 tsp vegetable puree (broccoli) + 80 gr zucchini Day 2 - 2 tsp vegetable puree (broccoli) + 70 g cauliflower, etc. Day 6 - 80 g vegetable puree (cauliflower) + 20 g zucchini Day 7 - 100 gr vegetable puree (cauliflower) We always offer a new product first, then choose one of the previously introduced ones. We bring the total volume to 100g.
IV	1 day - 50 gr broccoli + 50 gr zucchini Day 2 - 50 g cauliflower + 50 g zucchini, etc. Day 7 - 50 gr broccoli + 50 gr cauliflower Do not mix more than 3 vegetables.

Result: Maxim eats vegetables with pleasure about 100 grams, breast milk in about an hour. If I give it right away, I spit up a lot.

7 months- Vegetables (100-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr we start adding oil when the portion size exceeds 100 gr!). Pumpkin. Dairy-free cereals gluten-free (rice, buckwheat or corn) 100 gr.

Which manufacturer of baby cereals to choose.

Week - new product	Breakfast 9.00 - 10.00	Lunch 13.00-14.00
I - rice porridge	1 day - 0.5 - 1 tsp rice porrige Day 2 - 2 tsp rice porridge, etc. Increase to 50-60 gr.	1-7 days - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower of your choice (100-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr)
II - buckwheat porridge	1 day - 1 tsp buckwheat porridge + 50 gr rice porridge Day 2 - 2 tsp buckwheat porridge (cauliflower) + 45 gr rice porridge, etc. (i.e. reduce the amount of the second product by the size of the first) Day 6 - 80 gr buckwheat porridge + 20 gr rice porridge + 1 tsp. butter (when the volume exceeds 70 gr) Day 7 - 100 gr buckwheat porridge First we offer buckwheat porridge, then rice. We bring the total volume to 100g.
III - corn porridge	1 day - 1 tsp corn porridge + 95 gr rice porridge + 1 tsp. butter Day 2 - 2 tsp corn porridge (cauliflower) + 90 gr buckwheat porridge + 1 tsp. butter, etc. Day 6 - 80 gr corn porridge + 20 gr buckwheat porridge + 1 tsp. butter Day 7 - 100 gr corn porridge + 1 tsp. butter	1-7 days - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower of your choice (100-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr)
IV - pumpkin	1 day - 100 gr corn porridge + 1 tsp. butter Day 2 - 100 gr buckwheat porridge + 1 tsp. butter Day 3 - 100 gr rice porridge + 1 tsp. butter, etc.	1 day - 1 tsp vegetable puree (pumpkin) + 145 gr zucchini Day 2 - 2 tsp vegetable puree (pumpkin) + 140 g cauliflower, etc. Day 6 - 100 gr vegetable puree (pumpkin) + 50 gr broccoli Day 7 - 150 gr vegetable puree (pumpkin)

Result: we continue to eat vegetables, I liked rice porridge most of all, not very much buckwheat, I eat corn calmly. Breastfeeding indinner replace whether for feeding.

8 months - Meat(turkey, rabbit) 5-50 gr. If the child is prone to allergies, we first introduce it for breakfast in addition to porridge, we monitor the reaction, a week later - for lunch with vegetables. Crackers, cookies, drying (optional, at your discretion).

Week - new product	Breakfast 9.00-10.00	Lunch 13.00-14.00
I - rabbit	1 day - 100g of porridge of your choice + 1 tsp. butter Day 2 - 110g of porridge of your choice + 1 tsp. butter Day 3 - 130g of porridge of your choice + 1 tsp. butter, etc. Day 7 - 150g of porridge of your choice + 1 tsp. butter, etc. We increase the porridge to 150 gr.	Day 1 - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - a mixture of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + rabbit meat (1 tsp) Day 2 - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - a mixture of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + rabbit meat (2 tsp) Day 3 - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - a mixture of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + rabbit meat (4 tsp), etc. Day 7 - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - a mixture of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + rabbit meat (10 tsp) Increase to 50-60 gr (1 tsp-5 gr).
II - turkey	1-7 days - 150g of porridge of your choice + 1 tsp. butter, etc.	Day 1 - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - mix of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + turkey meat (1 tsp) Day 2 - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - a mixture of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + turkey meat (2 tsp) Day 3 - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - a mixture of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + turkey meat (4 tsp), etc. Day 7 - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - a mixture of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + turkey meat (10 tsp)

Lactationfor breakfast replacewhether for feeding. Early morning feeding at 5.00-6.00 is left.

8-9 months- Apple, pear, banana, prunes (5-50 gr). Meat (rabbit, turkey, veal).

Week - new product	Breakfast9.00-10.00	Lunch 13.00 - 14.00
I - apple	1 day - 0.5 - 1 tsp fruit puree (apple) + 110 gr rice porridge + 1 tsp. butter Day 2 - 2 tsp fruit puree (apple) + 120 gr buckwheat porridge + 1 tsp. butter Day 3 - 4 tsp fruit puree (apple) + 130 gr corn porridge + 1 tsp. butter, etc. We increase the fruit puree (apple) to 50 gr., porridge to 150 gr.
II - pear	1 day - 0.5 - 1 tsp fruit puree (pear) + 150 gr rice porridge + 1 tsp. butter Day 2 - 2 tsp fruit puree (pear) + 150 gr buckwheat porridge + 1 tsp. butter Day 3 - 4 tsp fruit puree (pear) + 150 gr corn porridge + 1 tsp. butter, etc. Increase the fruit puree (pear) to 50 gr.	1-7 days - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - mix of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + meat of your choice (50 gr)
III - prunes	1 day - 0.5 - 1 tsp fruit puree (prunes) + 150 gr rice porridge + 1 tsp. butter Day 2 - 2 tsp fruit puree (prunes) + 150 gr buckwheat porridge + 1 tsp. butter Day 3 - 4 tsp fruit puree (prunes) + 150 gr corn porridge + 1 tsp. butter, etc. Increase the fruit puree (prunes) to 50 gr.	1-7 days - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - mix of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + meat of your choice (50 gr)
IV - veal	50-60 gr fruit puree (optional) + 150 gr porridge (optional) + 1 tsp. butter	1-7 days - zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin - a mixture of your choice (130-150 gr) + vegetable oil (1-3 gr) + veal (5-50 gr)

Result: On the recommendation of the pediatrician, we began to introduce meat at 8 months, before fruit purees due to poor weight gain and to increase hemoglobin.

Vegetables, cereals, butter, meat and fruits are the base, then we begin to expand the diet and introduce a new product in small portions in the same way, we monitor the reaction of the child. The following is a rough list of entering products by month, you may enter something earlier.

As a drink, give the child pure water, not juices! Juices according to WHO, they are a product with low energy value and high sugar content. If he refuses to drink at all, cook compotes from dried fruits without sugar, you can give children's tea closer to a year.

Aged 9-12 months gradually replace the evening feeding supper. Previously introduced cereals and vegetables are best, do not give heavy food such as cottage cheese, eggs and meat. It is suitable for little calves and children who eat at night. My child requires a full dinner, so most often I cook lunch and divide it into 2 parts of about 200 g each (lunch and dinner).

We have dinner at about 19-20.00 after the walk.

9- 10 months- Potato. Carrot. Beet.

10 months- Cottage cheese, fermented milk products from dairy cuisine (if there is no allergy to cow's milk).

Week - new product	Breakfast9.00-10.00	Lunch 13.00 - 14.00	Afternoon snack 16.00-17.00	Dinner 19.00-20.00
I - tvorg		vegetable puree (200 gr) + vegetable oil + meat (30 gr) or vegetable broth soup	1 day - cottage cheese (1 tsp) + 100 gr fruit puree Day 2 - cottage cheese (3 tsp) + 100 gr fruit puree Day 3 - cottage cheese (4 tsp) + 100 gr fruit puree Day 7 - cottage cheese (50 gr) + 100 gr fruit puree
II - yogurt	porridge (180 gr) + 1 tsp butter, if desired, you can add a little fruit puree to the porridge		1 day - yogurt (50g) Day 2 - yogurt (100g) Day 7 - yogurt (200g)	vegetable puree (150 gr) + vegetable oil + meat (30 gr) or porridge with meat
III - biolact	porridge (180 gr) + 1 tsp butter, if desired, you can add a little fruit puree to the porridge	vegetable puree (200 gr) + vegetable oil + meat (30 gr) or vegetable broth soup	1 day - biolact (50g) Day 2 - biolact (100g) Day 7 - Biolact (200g)	vegetable puree (150 gr) + vegetable oil + meat (30 gr) or porridge with meat
IV - kefir	porridge (180 gr) + 1 tsp butter, if desired, you can add a little fruit puree to the porridge	vegetable puree (200 gr) + vegetable oil + meat (30 gr) or vegetable broth soup	1 day - kefir (50g) Day 2 - kefir (100g) Day 7 - kefir (200g)	vegetable puree (150 gr) + vegetable oil + meat (30 gr) or porridge with meat

Maxim loves to eat very much, so our dinner is quite dense, light fruit purees are also suitable for small children.

Lactationfor dinner replacewhether for feeding. Remained early morning feeding at 5.00-6.00 and before bedtime.

11 months- Fish (not fatty varieties, hake, pollock, pike perch, haddock) for lunch 2 times a week.

12 months- Cucumber, Brussels sprouts. Milk porridge. Beef. Chicken. Gluten cereals (oatmeal and wheat). Egg. Peach, nectarine, apricot. Bread. Baby adapted milk. Blueberry.

14 months- Beans. Pasta. White cabbage. Cheese(not greasy, not salty, without mold, quality manufacturer, add a little to food).

18 months- Green bean. Pork.

24 months- Tomatoes. Sour cream (10-15% fat). Raspberries, strawberries (a couple of berries per season, not jam, but a couple of berries!!!).

36 months- Citrus. Melon watermelon. Offal (liver, kidneys, tongue. Salt (iodized, fluoridated), sugar.

Name products, gr	Age, months
	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
vegetable puree	5-100	150	170	180	200	200	200
fruit puree			5-40	50-60	70-80	80-90	100
Porridge		50-100	100-150	150	150-180	180-200	200
Cottage cheese					5-30	50	50
Dairy products					100-150	200	200
Meat puree			5-30	50	50	60-70	60-70
Fish puree						5-30	60
Bread (wheat)			3-5	5	5	5-10	10
Rusks, biscuits, dryers			3-5	5	5	5-10	10
Vegetable oil		1-3	3	3	5	5	6
Butter			1-4	4	4	5	5

And remember! The only innate preference in humans is a preference for sweet tastes, and even newborn babies are voracious eaters of sweet substances. This can be a problem as children develop a preference for the frequency of exposure to a given taste. Avoiding all foods other than sweets will limit the variety of foods and nutrients your child can eat.

If you have any questions, write in the comments, I will definitely answer!

The scheme of the first complementary feeding with artificial feeding from 4 months is slightly, but still different from the scheme of complementary feeding of a child with breast milk. There is still controversy about when to start introducing complementary foods and what can be given to a child. Formula-fed babies are much easier to adapt to adult food, as their bodies are used to receiving formula. The fact is that even a highly adapted formula cannot completely replace breast milk, so it is more difficult for the gastrointestinal tract to process.

Often you can hear the recommendations of grandmothers that you need to introduce complementary foods from 3 months. However, at this age, the baby's digestive system has not yet fully adapted to the main food - breast milk or formula, so you should not introduce additional products. The World Health Organization recommends introducing the first complementary foods at 4 months. We will analyze the optimal schedule for the introduction of complementary foods for a formula-fed baby, consider the opinions of doctors on how to start complementary foods.

Is the child ready?

A mother who decides to introduce complementary foods to a child, first of all, needs to pay attention to the well-being of the baby. Four months is not a dogma. All children develop in different ways, some need to wait a bit with a change in diet, while others can be safely given new foods. How to understand that the baby is ready to receive "adult" food?

Doctors identify two main signs that indicate a child's readiness to accept a new food. This is the maturation of the baby's nervous system and the readiness of the GCH to digest new food. If both factors coincide in time, then you can start changing the menu. However, not all parents understand how to determine the presence of these signs.

In any case, complementary foods should be introduced no earlier than 4 months. Before this period, the gastrointestinal tract simply does not have time to adapt, this also applies to full-term babies. If the baby is premature, then the first complementary foods with artificial feeding should be introduced no earlier than 21 weeks.

The weight of the baby also plays an important role. If after birth the baby began to gain weight well and increased it at least 2 times, then the possibility of introducing new food can also be considered.

There is no need to change the usual feeding if the child is not yet able to hold his head and sit. When he cannot control his movements well, then during feeding he will not be able to turn away or move away if he wants to refuse food. Or, on the contrary, the mother may regard his involuntary movements as a refusal to eat.

Also, parents should pay attention to how the baby behaves when adults eat. If he watches with interest, reaches for food with his hands, wants to taste everything, you can safely start complementary foods.

You do not need to wait until the baby shows all of the above signs. If the mother noticed 2-3 main ones, you can try the introduction of complementary foods with artificial feeding. Naturally, it's best to check with your pediatrician about your child's readiness for a new food. However, if the baby does not like it, he will let you know.

When should you delay?

There are several situations when a child should not introduce complementary foods. If your baby is teething, has a fever, and is not feeling well, put off solid foods until he has a tooth. Since the gums are very sore during teething, the child may not like the new taste.

When a baby is just born into the world, he has a reflex that helps him push random objects out of his mouth. From birth, a baby pushes out everything that gets there with a tongue from his mouth. Over time, this reflex disappears, and the child can safely eat from a spoon. If parents unsuccessfully try to feed the baby from a spoon, and he constantly pushes everything out, it is better to stop trying for a while. If the baby is able to stretch the lower lip forward when a spoon is offered to him, this indicates a readiness to accept new food. The baby should open its mouth on its own when the mother brings a spoonful of food to her mouth.

If the family has changed their place of residence, has come to visit someone or is traveling, then even if the child is in his fourth month, there is no need to introduce new products. It is recommended to wait until the family returns, and the baby will feel comfortable. This also applies to changes within the family. For example, if the mother went to work or a stranger (nanny) appeared in the house.

From the early months, breastfeeding also does not need to start complementary foods. First, the child must get used to mother's milk, and only then learn to process more complex food.

When the baby has reacted negatively to a new product (diarrhea or constipation, allergies, etc.), feeding children from 4 months should be stopped for a while.

If the baby is vaccinated, then it can cause discomfort, because of which new products do not need to be introduced. During a routine monthly checkup, the mother can ask the doctor how to introduce complementary foods at 4 months if the baby has recently been vaccinated.

How to introduce new foods into the diet of an artificial person?

There is no single point of view on which product can be considered ideal for the first complementary foods. There is the most optimal complementary feeding scheme from 4 months, developed by modern pediatricians (Fig. 1).

This scheme is designed for the systematic introduction of new products from four months to a year. It is divided into 10 age periods: each is equal to one month, except for the first. The initial period includes three months, during which the baby eats exclusively milk formula.

The scheme for introducing new products involves feeding by the hour, not on demand. You need to feed the baby five times a day: 6:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00. The diet consists of the following products:

• milk mixture;
• vegetable puree;
• fruit juice;
• porridge;
• vegetable oil;
• kefir;
• cottage cheese;
• egg yolk;
• meat puree.

You need to start introducing complementary foods at 4 months with vegetable puree and fruit juice. First you need to reduce the amount of milk formula at 14:00, replacing it with puree and juice. A month later, you can introduce vegetable oil and give complementary foods not only at lunch, but also in the morning. It is better not to start feeding with cereals from 4 months, it is advisable to do this already at 5 months.

You can introduce complementary foods according to another scheme (Fig. 2). The table includes the rules for the introduction of complementary foods during breastfeeding and with artificial feeding. In addition to the products already mentioned, the child can be given butter, fish puree, whole milk, bread, crackers and cookies.

Let's consider the 3rd scheme for the introduction of complementary foods (Fig. 3). It is based on the developments of domestic specialists. It is suitable for both breastfed babies from 6 months old and artificial babies from 4-5 months old. According to the table, the daily rate of breast milk or formula should initially be 50-70%.

Where to start introducing complementary foods? With vegetable puree. First you need to prepare a puree of white and green vegetables. Purees should be monocomponent, that is, from only one vegetable. Later products can be combined. At first, ½ tsp will be enough for the child, gradually the portion should be increased. From 5-6 months you can cook porridge for children. First you need to introduce gluten-free. These include buckwheat, rice and corn porridge. If the child will tolerate porridge well, then you can try to introduce oatmeal. It is not necessary to overdo it with porridge, it is necessary to gradually increase its amount.

Complementary feeding of a 4-month-old baby should only be started if he is healthy. When the baby is sick, there is no point in forcing him to new food. From the very morning, you should not feed the baby, it is best to do this during the second feeding. Food should be warm, but not hot. The baby should eat such foods before he eats breast milk or formula.

It is necessary to start introducing complementary foods from 4 months with artificial feeding, if the baby eats 1 liter of the mixture per day and does not gorge on it. It is easy to determine this: the child will be constantly naughty, will often ask for food. Complementary foods at 4 months with breastfeeding should be introduced when the child eats milk from two breasts at a time and asks for more.

New cereals should be given to the child in half a spoon. For two weeks, the portion should gradually increase until full feeding. You do not need to use exotic products for your region as complementary foods. For example, if you make zucchini puree, then this is considered normal. But you don't have to make banana puree or mango puree. In African children, it will not cause any discomfort, while our children may have stomach problems.

A new product can be introduced only when the child gets used to the previous one. It is best to do this after two weeks. This will help to make sure that the baby is not allergic to the new product, and if rashes appear, it will be known exactly why.

The first purees should be runny. They should have the consistency of thick milk. Gradually reduce the amount of liquid until the puree becomes a natural consistency.

You can buy baby and ready-made baby food. In this case, it is necessary to carefully study its composition, look at the expiration date, and store it correctly. The crumbs can also be allergic to sucrose, dextrose or salt, which is in ready-made baby food. That is why doctors recommend making porridge and mashed potatoes for small children on their own.

If the mother is in doubt about how to properly introduce complementary foods, then it is best to consult a pediatrician. The doctor will tell you where to start complementary foods, which foods are better to introduce first, and at what dosage you need to start.

Children grow up so fast! Their nature and needs are rapidly changing. Breast milk is the ideal food, but even it cannot saturate a one-year-old baby, and infant formula is even more so. When to introduce the first complementary foods with artificial feeding, are there any features and nuances? We will answer these questions in our article.

How many months to introduce complementary foods with artificial feeding

Mixtures are not able to adapt to the needs of the baby, change their fat content and nutritional value. Even the best formula cannot replace breast milk. Therefore, the question of when to introduce complementary foods arises for mothers with a bottle-fed baby a little earlier than for mothers who breastfeed only. In the latter case, you can not worry about purees and cereals for up to six months.

The earliest age when you can try to give your baby "adult" food is 3-4 months. Previously, the baby will not be able to digest and assimilate new foods.

The optimal age is 6 months, when the nervous, digestive and excretory systems of the baby are sufficiently strengthened, and energy needs have increased significantly (at this age, most children begin or already sit confidently, perform many difficult actions for them, begin to try to crawl, show the first communication skills , “cooking” becomes quite meaningful, turns into an attempt at verbal interaction with adults).

Important
All pediatricians agree: the timing of the introduction and the regimen of complementary foods are determined by the condition of the baby.

The child himself will make it clear when he needs more dense, satisfying food, what foods are suitable for him and in what volume he needs them. Parents need attention, patience and knowledge of the basic rules for the introduction of complementary foods, which will be discussed below.

How to understand that the baby needs more satisfying food? The frequent hunger of the baby will serve as a signal. If the baby wants to eat, he is unlikely to be silent, so he will tell his mother about his desires. Sometimes children show miracles of patience - then the weight and cheeks will tell that the child does not eat up. If the baby receives the mixture according to age, but does not gain weight, loses weight, becomes lethargic, wakes up badly - the first thing to think about is expanding the diet.

In addition to weight, you need to carefully monitor that the child has enough vitamins and other nutrients. Bumps on the forehead, a bald spot on the back of the head, peeling under the hair can be signs of rickets and a lack of calcium, vitamins D and A. You should consult a specialist. Most likely, you will be recommended vitamin drops, cottage cheese and carrot puree.

Advice
A is a fat-soluble vitamin, so if you're making carrot puree at home, don't forget to add a little butter. Such a dish will be quite heavy, but will not harm the baby - you just need to limit the volume to 30-50 grams, completing the feeding with the mixture.

Parents will again learn about which foods are suitable by their cheeks: the wrong foods will cause diathesis. Of course, you need to start with light meals. If you buy cereals and mashed potatoes in the store, be sure to look at the age limit on the label. Manufacturers must indicate at how many months this or that dish can be given to a child.

Another important indicator is stool and urination. If after a new product there is constipation, diarrhea, signs of an undigested product in the feces, urinary retention (this leads to swelling and other negative consequences), then such a dish should be excluded either partially or completely.

As a rule, you don’t have to worry about what portion for the baby is sufficient. Small children rarely eat more than they need, and are unlikely to refuse to continue the banquet if they have not yet eaten. The only thing to remember is that all new products are introduced gradually.

Basic rules for the introduction of complementary foods

So, the baby is signaling with all his might that he wants to eat more varied and satisfying. Where to start, and how not to harm the baby? Basic Rules:

1. Weaning begins before 3 months of age.
2. Dishes should be liquid or mushy (semi-liquid mashed potatoes and cereals), without lumps and pieces.
3. It is better to give an infant "adult" food immediately from a spoon - this is how the chewing skill begins to form. Later, it will become the main one and will replace the sucking reflex, so training will not interfere.
4. Complementary foods, as a mixture, should be warm, but not scalding, about 37-40 ° C.
5. New dishes are introduced one at a time, without mixing. It can be milk porridge from one type of cereal or one-component puree.
6. In no case should the baby's diet contain sugar, salt and other spices. Honey is also highly discouraged, because. is a strong allergen.
7. The interval between tasting experiments should be quite long. Pediatricians recommend introducing a new dish no more than once every 7-12 days.
8. Any new product is given to the baby in a very small amount, literally, at the tip of a teaspoon, once a day. The maximum trial serving is one coffee or special baby spoon.
9. Giving a new dish, you need to carefully monitor the reaction of the child. If diathesis, bloating, colic, diarrhea or constipation appears, it is better to postpone the introduction of the product for a month or two. If the test passed without complications, the next day the portion can be slightly increased, gradually bringing it up to 100-180 g.
10. The diet is not expanded if the baby is sick or weakened. As a rule, on such days it is better to completely switch to the mixture in order to reduce the load on the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system. In any case, only proven products should be on the menu.
11. Do not try new foods on vaccination day. This is an aggressive combination of factors that is difficult for the baby's body.
12. It is advisable to feed the child in the first half of the day, in the second or third meal. Firstly, it is easier to track the reaction of a small organism. Secondly, the baby will need energy during the day, not at night. Thirdly, if complementary foods cause gas formation, during the day it can go unnoticed. While the baby is sitting, actively playing, crawling, spinning, the gas will be naturally and easily retracted. But during sleep they will cause colic, bloating and, as a result, anxiety and crying.
13. Another basic rule is first complementary foods, then a mixture. The kid can refuse the innovation if he has already satisfied the first, most active hunger. In addition, complementary foods are more satisfying than a mixture, he will need the maximum portion of gastric juice. And she will be just at the beginning of feeding, when the baby is especially hungry. It is equally important that both mashed potatoes and porridge are unusually thick for a baby, so it will be useful to drink them with a mixture.
14. After switching to complementary foods, you need to give the baby more to drink. It can be water, one-component hypoallergenic compotes and juices, herbal teas - drinks can be prepared at home or purchased at the store.

Complementary feeding on artificial feeding - features

Are there any differences between breast and formula feeding? Yes. There are features. With breastfeeding, complementary foods begin with the fact that the mother expands her diet. The baby tries new foods indirectly, the reaction to them is smoothed out, and the baby's body is gradually preparing to switch to more serious food. But if the baby received only the mixture for up to three months? Then parents will have to be as careful and careful as possible. It is necessary to strictly follow the rules of complementary feeding set out in the previous paragraph, and also strictly follow the scheme for introducing products, which will be discussed a little later.

Important
If the baby receives a specialized (sour-milk, hypoallergenic, or other) mixture, you should consult an observing pediatrician before introducing new products. Complementary foods should be combined with the main food of the child.

The mixture is not 100% equivalent to breast milk. It always, to a greater or lesser extent, increases the risk of allergic reactions, colic or bloating. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the baby's menu very carefully, starting with the safest and lightest products, it is quite possible that the baby's tummy will not be able to cope even with one-component vegetable puree. Try it, see the reaction. The kid himself will tell you what is good for him and what is bad. It may be necessary to postpone complementary foods until 6-7 months, but in the meantime, make up for the lack of nutrition by more frequent formula feeding.

There is also an opposite feature. Despite the fact that modern milk formulas are saturated with vitamins and minerals, their volume may not be sufficient for a rapidly developing organism. Complementary foods can be introduced on the direct recommendation of a pediatrician - you should not worry, this is a preventive measure, it does not indicate health problems.

Complementary feeding scheme

Below is a table approved in Russia as part of the National Program for Optimizing the Feeding of Children in the First Year of Life in 2009.

Products, dishes	Allowed volume, ml, g
	4-6 months	7 months	8 months	9-12 months
vegetable puree	10-150	170	180	200
Milk porridge	10-150	150	180	200
fruit puree	5-60	70	80	90-100
Fruit juice	5-60	70	80	90-100
Cottage cheese	not earlier than 6 months, 6-40	40	40	50
Yolk, pcs.	-	0,25	0,5	0,5
Meat puree	not earlier than 6 months, 5-30	30	50	60-70
Fish puree	-	-	5-30	30-60
Kefir and other non-adaptive. soft drinks.	-	-	200	200
Rusks, cookies	-	3-5	5	10-15
Wheat bread	-	-	5	10
Vegetable oil	1-3	5	5	6
Butter	1-4	4	5	6

Complementary feeding scheme from three months

The basis of the diet is still a mixture. The new product can replace one daily feeding by 4 months.

Porridge - a liquid consistency so that the child does not need to chew or rub with the tongue. Bottle feeding is allowed - up to 100 ml per day.

Important
For the first feeding, a baby on IV should choose buckwheat and other gluten-free cereals, such as corn. Rice is also gluten-free, but it requires a lot of water, swells a lot in the stomach, so it is a rather heavy food, it is better to save it for a later age, from 6 months.

Cereals should be crushed to the state of semolina, then cooked. After cooking, corn must be left to “walk” so that it is absolutely soft. In stores, you can buy ready-made cereals that do not require cooking, it is enough to dilute them in warm water. When buying a semi-finished product, carefully read the age from which it is recommended on the packaging. Give preference to well-known brands of medium and high price categories.

Fruit puree - apple, pear (with caution) - up to 60 g per day.

Juices - in between feedings, up to 30 ml per day.

Scheme from 4-5 months

Porridge and vegetable or fruit puree are added to the mixture. By 6 months, they can replace two feedings. The following order is recommended:

• mixture;
• porridge;
• mixture;
• vegetable / fruit puree;
• mixture.

Kashi - buckwheat, corn (if there is no tendency to strong gas formation), rice (with caution) and oatmeal, or oatmeal - up to 150 ml.

Vegetable puree - broccoli, zucchini, cauliflower, pumpkin (from 5 months), carrots - up to 150 g.

Fruit purees - pear, apple-pear, peach, apple-peach, apple-apricot, prunes - up to 60 g.

Fruit juices - up to 50 ml.

Butter and vegetable oil- up to 4 years

Scheme from 6-9 months

At this age, the baby gradually switches to "adult" nutrition. Up to 8-12 months, the scheme may be as follows:

• mixture;
• complementary foods - 3 feedings;
• mixture.

Kashi - the whole range of cereals, you can enter multicomponent cereals (millet-rice, corn-rice). It is allowed to mix cereals with vegetable (for example, pumpkin-rice-milk) and meat purees - up to 200 ml.

Dairy products- cottage cheese (5% fat), yogurt (no more than 3-5% fat) - up to 100 g.

Yolk - up to 0.5 pcs. It is allowed to use chicken eggs, but it is better to give preference to quail eggs: they are less allergenic and cannot be a carrier of salmonella.

Advice
In order for the baby to like the yolk and not get stuck on the tongue, the delicacy can be crushed with a mixture or water, to the state of gruel.

Vegetable purees - you can add zucchini-milk to the previously tested ones - up to 180 g.

Fruit and berry purees - you can try apple-strawberry, apple-banana, banana, cherry and even cherry, plum, wild berries. Also, from 6 months, mashed potatoes with cream, for example, apple cream, are allowed.

Advice
Although by six months the baby looks stronger, behind infantile colic and diathesis for any new smell or taste, you need to introduce sweet (fruit, berry, with cream) purees very carefully. They can cause both rashes and addiction. The baby may begin to act up, demanding sweets instead of a mixture, vegetables or meat.

Meat purees - veal, beef, turkey, rabbit, they are also with cereals and / or vegetables, even with chopped spaghetti - up to 50 g.

Scheme from 9 months

Starting from 9-10 months, the baby can try to give adult, not ground food. As a rule, by this age the child already has teeth, and he can chew. These should be soft hypoallergenic products, crushed, but not to the state of gruel. Pediatricians recommend not delaying the introduction of solid foods. This is due not only to the fact that the child needs to learn to chew, but also to the prevention of bruxism (involuntary and regular grinding of teeth), the formation of bite and the development of digestion.

Introduce new foods into the children's diet carefully, and the baby will thank you with a satisfied smile and good health.

There are many reasons for transferring a newborn to artificial feeding. Among them, the treatment of the mother with drugs that can penetrate the milk and harm the health of the baby. In addition, the mother may completely lack breast milk. There are cases when, for some reason, a child is forced to be away from his mother for a long time. Of course, experts strongly recommend not to completely stop breastfeeding under any circumstances. It can be resumed after the end of the mother's treatment or after other reasons.

Children who are transferred to artificial feeding, need a completely different diet compared to those who are breastfed. Breastfed babies should be introduced to complementary foods no earlier than 6 months of age. For "artificial" this time moves to 4 months. This is due to the lack of nutrients in artificial nutrition. In order for the child's body to fully receive all the vitamins and microelements it needs, it is necessary to introduce adult products into the baby's diet a little earlier.

If the child is bottle-fed, all infant nutrition experts recommend start introducing complementary foods with puree. In this case, many mothers have a question - why exactly mashed potatoes, and not the usual cereals? Since cereals and milk formulas lead to rapid weight gain in infants, they are recommended to be given to underweight children. In artificers, such a problem is observed infrequently, rather the opposite - they can often be found overweight.

In addition, carbohydrates contained in vegetables and fruits are much better absorbed in the child's body.

However, it should be remembered that not every vegetable is suitable for baby food. According to experts, it is best for baby food fit green vegetables- zucchini, patisson, cauliflower, peas. Red and yellow vegetables are not suitable for these purposes, as they often cause allergic reactions in babies.

Principles for the introduction of complementary foods in children with artificial feeding

There are general patterns of introducing complementary foods to children receiving artificial nutrition:

More accurate and detailed information about the introduction of complementary foods can be found in the tables that are on specialized sites and forums.

Introduction of complementary foods by month

In some cases, the introduction of complementary foods is allowed in three months old. However, this can only be done with the permission of your pediatrician. By the beginning of complementary foods, it is important that the child no longer has intestinal colic. At this time, you can start giving green apple juice to your baby. It is worth starting with a few drops of juice, gradually bringing the dose to 2 tablespoons. Juice is prepared without pulp and diluted in half with boiled water. After the baby has learned apple juice, you can move on to pear, peach and apricot.

4 months

At 4 months old You can start giving your baby fruit purees. It is also worth starting with an apple, then they give a pear, a banana, an apricot. It is strongly not recommended to give your baby rare exotic fruits. The fruits are steamed and then ground and diluted with a small amount of water. The next after the apple, you can enter zucchini puree. This vegetable is the most valuable and safest for children in the first months of life. Later, you can add cauliflower, broccoli, potatoes, green peas, pumpkin. Do not give up to a year eggplant, cucumbers, tomatoes and beets.

In addition to vegetables and fruits, dairy-free and gluten-free cereals can be given. It is best to start with buckwheat and toffee. However, it should be remembered that these cereals are not recommended for children prone to constipation. Then you can connect porridge from corn grits. At this age, complementary foods are best given to the baby in the morning feeding - 9-11 hours.

5-6 months

At the age of 5 months in baby food, you can add a small amount of vegetable oil to cereals or mashed potatoes. Dishes at this age can be cooked thicker. The second complementary foods can be given to the baby in the evening feeding. In addition to fruit juice, you can give your baby dried fruit compote diluted with water.

At 6 months complementary foods are distinguished by a large number of dishes. Gradually, the baby begins to give milk porridge. Milk is first diluted with water, then gradually transferred to whole milk. Begin to give the child the yolk of a chicken egg. Pediatricians do not recommend giving chicken proteins earlier than a year because of the high risk of allergenicity. You can replace chicken eggs with quail eggs. A six-month-old baby can already receive sour-milk products and butter in a small amount.

7–8 months

At the age of seven you can give the baby meat puree. For its preparation, it is necessary to take meat of low-fat varieties, without fat and veins. The most suitable meats are chicken or turkey fillet, rabbit or beef. The fillet is cut into small pieces, boiled or stewed, the field of which is crushed with a blender or meat grinder. The resulting minced meat is mixed with vegetable puree or porridge. The dish should be of medium thickness. But, with meat broth, you should wait until 2-3 years due to the high allergenicity of this product.

At the age of 8 months gluten cereals are introduced into the diet - pearl barley, millet, oatmeal, barley. But, semolina porridge is better to start giving the baby after a year. This cereal is the most high-calorie and least useful. It contains the largest amount of gluten, which has an extremely negative effect on the state of the child's digestive system. In addition, semolina porridge can provoke excess weight in a baby. At this age, the child can already be given steamed meatballs. During the daytime feeding, the baby can be given vegetable soup as complementary foods. Vegetables should be finely chopped and well cooked.

9–12 months

At the age of 9 months The baby's diet can be expanded with fish dishes. Fish can be given lean varieties in the form of boneless fillets. Fish for feeding can be steamed, stewed or boiled. Fish dishes at first can be given no more than once a week. It should be remembered that it is unacceptable to give complementary foods with meat and fish on the same day. Fish broth, like meat broth, is not recommended for a baby under three years old.

Complementary feeding scheme

The scheme for the introduction of complementary foods with artificial feeding is determined for each child individually. It is best to discuss this with your pediatrician, who knows your baby well. An experienced specialist will advise how to properly introduce complementary foods in a particular case.

However, some general rules and schemes can be given theoretically. In particular, there must be at least a week between the introduction of two different products.

Deal with the introduction of complementary foods with artificial feeding you can use the table. At the age of seven months, you can give the child a small amount of crackers soaked in kefir or dried fruit compote. This will help stimulate and strengthen the chewing muscles. To increase the beneficial qualities of complementary foods, it is recommended to add a drop of olive oil to the dishes. It is important that the oil is not bitter.

Kefir and yogurt can be prepared independently at home. At the same time, sugar and pharmacy starter cultures should not be added to products. To improve the taste of cottage cheese, it is useful to mix it with fruit puree. When the child is 8 months old, it is allowed to give raw fruit in a pureed form - an apple or a banana. In cereals, you can add butter in an amount of not more than three grams. In cases where the child refuses the yolk, you can add this product to puree or porridge.

The famous pediatrician Dr. Komarovsky offers his own complementary feeding scheme. In his opinion, complementary foods should be started with kefir and cottage cheese. It is these fermented milk products that have the maximum similarity with breast milk or milk adapted mixtures. Thus, adaptation to complementary foods can be much easier.

However, not all experts agree with such a feeding scheme and recommend sticking to the classic one.