Lightweight, shape-holding fabrics. Fabric that holds its shape: an overview of materials

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The dress is the epitome of femininity and elegance, as well as a versatile outfit - you can wear it to work, to a party or just for a walk. The main thing is to choose the right style, dress fabrics and color, so that it looks appropriate and emphasizes the dignity of the figure.

General approaches to classification

There are many classifications fabrics: types of suit and payable. They differ

by type of raw material;
season;
finishing;
type of weave;
color;
properties; purpose.

There is a big class different costume and dress fabrics for tailoring the entire range of men's, women's and children's clothing, including outerwear and special-purpose products (uniforms, overalls).
Its subclass is the dress group, which includes fabrics of various density and composition, intended for the manufacture of women's dresses. These tissues, in turn, are divided into smaller groups according to one of the signs, respectively. fabric density and the composition is determined what to sew. Let's see, What for types of fabrics for dresses happen, they names and characteristics with photo

Composition

Many properties of the material and finished products, as well as the rules for caring for them, depend on the composition. He can be

natural;
artificial;

synthetic;
mixed.

natural

More expensive natural dress fabrics have good hygienic properties, but have their drawbacks - most of them are very wrinkled and do not stretch well.

Linen

Natural canvas, characterized by strength, low stretch and good hygienic properties - hygroscopic, allows the skin to breathe, hypoallergenic, does not accumulate static electricity. Also a very important and unique property of flax is that it prevents the development of bacteria.

Simple everyday dresses are sewn from linen, which perfectly protect from the summer heat, and in the cold they will keep warm. Since linen does not stretch at all, it is better to choose loose styles. It is better not to use such material as office clothing, as wrinkled products look untidy.

The disadvantage of 100% linen is that when washed, it can shrink and also wrinkle a lot.

Cotton

Inexpensive cotton fabric for dress can be of different density, color and texture. Cotton dresses well absorb moisture, allow the skin to breathe, do not electrify. Summer and winter dresses are sewn from it. The disadvantage of products made from pure dress cotton is their low extensibility and high degree of crushing.

Silk

Very beautiful and Expensive thin textile With brilliant surface for dress, made from silkworm cocoons. Lightweight fabric, perfectly drapes, has good hygienic properties - absorbs and evaporates moisture, passes air. In the heat it gives coolness, in the cold it warms.

From the flowing silk fabrics produce exquisite evening dresses to the floor and a free silhouette. It goes well with lace and is used when sewing bride's wedding dresses.
Ultraviolet rays have a detrimental effect - it loses color and strength.

Thin silk, very light and transparent. Chiffon airy dresses and sundresses are the personification of tenderness and femininity.

Silk and chiffon are very wrinkled, so they are rarely used in their pure form. Such products require delicate care and storage.

Wool

The disadvantage of pure wool fabrics is low wear resistance and a tendency to shrink.

artificial

Everyday dresses of any style are sewn from it.

Synthetics

In the production of synthetic fibers, natural raw materials are not used, but only polymers. They are highly durable, wrinkle a little, resistant to shrinkage and keep their shape well.

Polyester

For the production of dresses are widely used.

Outwardly, it is very similar to silk, but quite inexpensive. It drapes well, soft, durable, wear-resistant, does not wrinkle and does not require complex care. Dresses made of polyester can be of completely different styles and purposes.

100% polyester can cause allergies, is electrified, airtight, so it can be hot in summer, but the latter property depends on the type of weave of the fibers.

Mixed

To improve the performance of natural fabrics, synthetic fibers or other natural fibers are added to them in various proportions. In this case, some properties may be degraded.

Stretch cotton

Thanks to the addition of a small percentage of lycra to dress cotton, the fabric acquires new positive qualities - it wrinkles less and stretches well. Dresses from such fabrics are very comfortable, softly fit the figure and do not hinder movement.

Linen with lavsan

The addition of polyester fibers to linen allows you to sew not only very comfortable, but also practical dresses. They wrinkle much less, their wear resistance increases.

Wool with silk, viscose

When adding viscose and silk to coarse wool, the cost of the material decreases, it also becomes softer and more pleasant to the touch, looks better, and is easier to dye.
Adding viscose to fine wool, on the contrary, worsens its quality: softness and elasticity decrease, and wrinkling increases.

Wool with cotton

When cotton is added, the woolen fabric becomes more durable, but the appearance deteriorates, and it also wrinkles more and there is a possibility of shrinkage. The cost of the canvas is also significantly reduced.

By type of weave

The properties of the fabric depend not only on the type of raw material used, but also on the method of weaving the threads. The following classification of dress fabrics is based on their division on this basis.

Plain (smooth)

Linen

Sheath dresses are sewn from them, which will look appropriate both at a business meeting and at a party (especially if you pick up accessories). Such material does not require complex styles, as it is very original in itself.
Evening jacquard dresses can be of any length and style: floor-length, fitted, A-line, with or without sleeves. In combination with and from sew luxurious wedding dresses.

Complex

Pile

They consist of several systems of threads (two warps and one or two wefts), which form a one-and-a-half or two-layer weave. Pile fabrics belong to dress fabrics of this type. On the surface of such fabrics, a pile of various lengths is formed.

Pile fabrics (, , ) are soft, stretch well, wear-resistant, pleasant to the body, “breathe”. For their production, mainly viscose and cotton are used and festive and stage dresses are sewn from them.

Openwork

Openwork dress fabrics are extraordinarily beautiful and are used to make elegant dresses. In recent years, casual openwork products have also become popular. It goes well with all other types of fabrics, especially cotton and mesh.

Care

In many ways, the rules for caring for dresses depend on the raw materials used in the production of fabric. In order not to spoil the thing, you need to familiarize yourself with the composition and recommendations indicated on the label. Some things cannot be washed at all - they should be dry-cleaned. The main thing that should be observed when washing is the temperature regime:

linen dyed dresses are washed at a water temperature not exceeding 30 degrees;
unpainted - at any temperature;
cotton - depending on the density;
viscose is best washed at 30 degrees.

Openwork and thin dresses made of silk, chiffon, fine wool and satin deserve special attention and careful care. Delicate hand wash in warm water and liquid detergent are recommended.

Such things should be stored separately from the rest, best of all in special cases, since in contact with zippers, buttons or rhinestones, hooks can easily form on them.

Thanks to modern technologies, the range of dress fabrics is so wide that it allows you to choose a material that is beautiful and original in texture, which is suitable for any occasion, and at the same time will not necessarily be expensive.

blouse fabrics

Atlas - dense silk or semi-silk fabric with a shiny and very smooth surface. Atlas is also used as lining for coats and hats.

Satin - stretch- a classic among evening fabrics. It is beautiful, comfortable and, among other things, provides a perfect fit.

Atlas - crash- shiny crinkled fabric (with "wrinkles" wrinkled in the shared direction) will look original in a wedding dress. A shiny fabric with characteristic "wrinkled" folds, snow-white or champagne-colored, is good in itself, so it does not require a complex style and additional decorations.

Guipure- a common name for a variety of types of lace. This is both coarse lace with a relief pattern based on a mesh and lace without a warp, as if woven on bobbins. The composition, as a rule, contains polyester and lurex. The latter gives the guipure a characteristic stiffness.

Guipure - metallic- perhaps the most modest of guipure. More dense, less transparent. The woven shimmering threads create a characteristic metallic sheen.

Leather - guipure. A guipure cloth is glued on a base of thin leather. The result is a material with a moderate sheen, suitable for extravagant evening wear.

Lace fabric- transparent openwork fabric with patterns on a mesh background is indispensable for an evening dress. Large matte flowers on a silk mesh, embossed, smooth lace (mesh and pattern are weaved at the same time) - there are many options. An evening dress can consist entirely of sensual lace, or it can act as separate elements, for example, lace sleeves or a back.

Crash- the general name for crinkled fabrics. As a result of pressing on thin materials made of synthetic fibers, durable wrinkled folds are formed. Usually they are jammed in the share direction and are expressed more or less strongly. Crash fabrics do not iron.

Lycra- smooth, easily extensible fabric, translucent, with a brilliant dusting. Rough to the touch, with characteristic nodules, reminiscent of brocade. Lycra with the addition of elastane is an excellent material for a swimwear. Dense, elastic, with a noble matte sheen, it will provide the necessary fit and support even curvy shapes. 100% polyester lycra is a less dense but no less beautiful option, ideal for a tankini model. You can choose from the classic "bathing" range: pink, black, dark blue, blue.

Lame- shiny iridescent fabric with metallic and other shiny showy threads.

Organza- the lightest, transparent, but dense material with an iridescent surface. Ideal for both Asian-inspired blouses and sports anorak blouses with a hood. Organza "Flowers" - a particularly dense, even tough, transparent fabric, perfectly keeps its shape. Especially good for airy decorative scarves. Organza-crash - less transparent, due to the characteristic "reaped" surface. When working with this fabric, stretch it as little as possible so that the wrinkled folds do not smooth out. In order not to stretch the armholes and shoulder seams, when laying the line, an oblique trim is attached. Polyester organza - often used for sewing sheer puffy sleeves, as well as for lining under a lace bodice, reinforcing thin lace or a puffy cancan petticoat.

Brocade- intricately patterned decorative fabric with a silk base. Contains metallic threads (silver or gold) that give it rigidity, massiveness, flexibility and shine. Used for theatrical costumes or formal wear. Replaced by fabrics made of synthetic fibers. Lycra brocade is a smooth, heavy fabric that looks like lacquer. It does not have the rigidity of a classic brocade, it stretches perfectly. Silk brocade is a very dense, heavy, smooth fabric made from 100% silk. Can be jacquard or embroidered. Suitable for evening wear. Viscose brocade is a magnificent dense champagne-colored fabric with an unobtrusive pattern and discreet splashes of lurex.

taffeta satin- dense, light, wonderfully rustling fabric with the effect of overflowing colors acts as an alternative to elastic materials for tight-fitting models. It is characterized by some rigidity, thanks to which the clothes keep their shape perfectly. Best of all, taffeta-satin is suitable for a blouse that will look decent with and without a jacket.

Fukra- a common name for fabrics that have a compressed structure (as if embossed pattern). The most common is taffeta-fukra, costume fukra.

Silk- a noble fabric with a durable and smooth surface is used for sewing products such as blouses, dresses, scarves, suits. Wet silk is a silk fabric with a slightly fluffy "peach" surface. Such silk is not washed, but dry-cleaned. Silk "Koshibo" is a dense, opaque, matte fabric. Less smooth than classic types of silk.

Dress fabrics

Viscose- fabrics made of viscose threads are more massive, tougher than, for example, natural silk. They have a more pronounced weave due to the thickness of the threads. Viscose is easily wrinkled, prone to shrinkage. Disadvantage: high shedding of threads along the cuts of parts. Viscose-chiffon is a light, translucent, flowing fabric with a noble matte sheen. It captivates with a light "watercolor" pattern, a pleasant silky structure and the opportunity to purchase a companion fabric for it. A great option is a blouse and a top made from these fabrics. Viscose with the addition of wool and synthetics is suitable for both elegant and casual wear. The effect of modesty and sophistication is created by a heterogeneous structure in which the matte surface is combined with translucent striped inserts. Not an ounce of shine, but it looks quite elegant.

Jersey- thin pliable knitted material of those that gently caress the body. Dresses, skirts, jersey jackets look great, thanks to the material's ability to gently fall. Jersey is also very practical: it easily tolerates even a long stay in a suitcase and does not require special care. "Beta jersey" - a dense material similar to gold and silver with stains can be interesting for a bathing suit. This fabric can not be called very practical, but in a bikini from it you will definitely become the queen of the beach!

Jacquard- the collective name of all fabrics, in the pattern of which different types of interweaving of threads alternate. The use of different threads - matte and shiny, light and dark - enhances this effect. The composition of the fabric may be different, but if the name contains "jacquard", then this is necessarily a fabric with a pronounced large pattern.

Georgette- light, very thin, translucent fabric, harsh to the touch. This fabric is similar to crepe georgette. Women's elegant dresses, blouses are sewn from it.

Crepe- the general name for all fabrics from twisted (crepe) threads and fabrics of a special crepe weave with a characteristic grainy surface. Shirts, bed and night linen, dresses, blouses are sewn from cotton crepe. Woolen crepe is suitable for dresses, blouses. Crepe satin is a well-draped dense fabric. The front side of crepe-satin is smooth and shiny (reminiscent of satin), the wrong side is matte, with a coarse-grained surface. This effect can be emphasized in models. For example, use the smooth surface of crepe satin for finishing. Or sew a suit, in which for the jacket and skirt choose a matte "wrong" surface of the fabric, and for the top - a smooth, "front" one. Crepe chiffon is a translucent fabric, denser than classic chiffon, with a characteristic crepe structure. Moss - crepe comes in different densities, some types of this fabric are quite transparent. It has an unobtrusive shimmery sheen. Suitable for modest evening dresses and suits. Crepe georgette - silk fabric, thin, translucent, more shiny than crepe de chine. Differs in rigidity, elasticity, flowability. Blouses, dresses are sewn from this fabric, used for decoration. Double crepe is a fairly dense, lightweight fabric with a characteristic grainy surface. This classic fabric - plastic, sliding - can be matte or softly shimmery. It is very good for summer and dressy wide flowing gauze trousers.

Crepe de chine- silk fabric with a moderate sheen, the surface is fine-grained. Suitable for blouses, dresses.

Linen. This is a durable, low-stretch fabric with an expressive embossed surface, hygroscopic. As a rule, linen in its pure form is not used in the dress group of fabrics. Often found: Linen with lavsan. This is a woolly, beautiful fabric. It does not wrinkle, keeps its shape, but its hygroscopicity is lower. Linen with viscose. Silky fabric, well draped, hygroscopic, but easily wrinkled. Linen with silk is a fabric that combines the positive properties of both natural fibers. Thanks to the presence of linen, this blended material has a pleasant coolness, while silk makes it soft to the touch and less wrinkled. This modest-looking fabric is ideal for a sports blouse-shirt, jacket-shirt.

Poplin- dense, smooth, soft fabric with a small transverse scar. Whatever its composition - silk, viscose or synthetic - this is the optimal fabric for feminine dresses and blouses. It has a soft and beautiful fall and has a noble sheen. Cotton poplin. Due to the thinness and density, models made of such poplin are particularly light and perfectly keep their shape. In addition, this fabric is easy to work with and care for. Nylon poplin. Soft, lightweight, breathable, does not wrinkle. Combines the highest comfort with a spectacular modern look. Extremely easy to care for: washable at 30 degrees and does not require ironing. After drying, poplin clothes can be put on immediately.

satin- cotton, silk or woolen smooth fabric with a shiny surface. Cotton satin is recommended for dressing gowns, dresses, and work clothes. From woolen satin sew elegant ladies' clothes.

Net- the canvas, consisting of small, delicate cells, resembles tulle and is used to make inserts and some distances of the dress, for example, an invisible neckline. Mesh - stretch with a printed floral pattern is a delicate soft fabric, especially relevant in the coming summer. It stretches superbly in all directions, is pleasant to the body and reflects the trend of lightness and transparency in clothing. Mesh-lace silver color is an embroidered floral motifs with the addition of lurex on a mesh basis. The pattern convex on both sides makes the fabric rather rigid, inelastic, but keeps its shape well and is very elegant.

Taffeta- elegant, crispy fabric, dense to the touch, with a characteristic, pronounced structure - a scar on the surface, a "dry" carcass and an unobtrusive sheen. Rigidity is given by finishing (chemical treatment) and therefore taffeta is heavily wrinkled. Another disadvantage is flowability and a tendency to shrink, which must be taken into account when cutting. Evening dresses, blouses are sewn from it. Covers are used for dresses, petticoats. It is also very suitable for classic evening trousers or stylish 3/4 trousers. Polyester taffeta is a dense, very smooth, wonderfully rustling fabric with a noble sheen, it is very suitable for an elegant dress. Viscose taffeta is good for a summer outfit: it is less rigid with a body-friendly "cotton" structure and a shimmering sheen. Tapestry taffeta is another "squeak", which resulted in a new flight of designers' imagination. It makes such charming vests and bell skirts! Taffeta welcomes the neighborhood with other exquisite materials, such as guipure, lace. This can be used in the evening model of trousers and dresses.

Knitwear. Such a multi-faceted, but always elastic, flowing, tight-fitting jersey is indispensable for the slim-line silhouette, which many prefer for an evening dress or suit. Knitwear jersey in a modern design is the thinnest, delicate, surprisingly pleasant to the touch fabric. It is able to fit perfectly and flow softly - it all depends on the silhouette you choose. It can be an open evening dress, a light suit in a sporty style, a top that sits like a second skin. Another plus of this fabric is the fashionable sand scale and safari shades. However, juicy stuffings, a variety of checks and stripes are also waiting for their application. Day-Night jersey is a translucent flowing fabric, which, thanks to the play of light, looks either matte or shiny. Knitwear with lurex is a rather dense, but light fabric with a pasted pattern. There are several interesting coating options: on one, strokes and patches of dazzlingly bright paint seem to be applied by hand; the other - dazzling white - as if thickly "powdered" with sparkling hoarfrost. Knitwear "Renovella" is a dense light fabric with a slightly velvety surface. Discreet jacquard pattern "veined" remotely resembles thin skin. A top or shirt made from this jersey will look great with any warm suit. The traditional combi-partner is a tweed two-piece, the actual one is trousers made of satin fabric. Polyester jersey is less elastic, but very effective material. By the way, you will have to wear jersey with jeans colors, because super trendy denim swimwear is expensive and not very comfortable to wear. Comfortable, delicate, unpretentious fabric - what could be better for a bathing suit? For bold, uninhibited girls - catchy shimmering knitwear. The most extravagant leotard will come out of the "Hologram" jersey - a fabric with a shiny finish.

Shanzhan. Using differently colored threads in the production of smooth fabrics, they get the effect of iridescent color - the effect of "shanzhan". Such a fabric, regardless of the composition, always looks elegant. Blouses, dresses, and even jackets are sewn from it.

Chiffon- a thin flowing fabric made of synthetic or silk threads of crepe twist with a plain weave with a characteristic granular surface. Very transparent, reminiscent of a veil. Now in stores you can find an infinite number of different chiffons. Double-sided chiffon is a material consisting of two layers freely connected to each other. The layers are designed in different overlapping tones, which form an interesting play of color and pattern. In our case, these are white exquisite floral motifs on light gray. Flip the fabric over and get gray on white. Chiffon with embroidery. Delicate floral patterns are usually embroidered with colored, silver or gold threads. Light capes for dresses are sewn from such chiffon. It can also serve as the top of a multilayer suit. Chiffon with lurex. A translucent and smooth fabric with a soft iridescent sheen. If you look closely, the longitudinal threads of Lurex are clearly visible. Chiffon with sequins. If you don't want your blouse or dress to be too "shine" - choose just such a chiffon. Under the many small sparkling sequins, the transparent base is not so noticeable. Looks very elegant! Satin chiffon combines the best qualities of two materials - transparency and perfect smoothness. The result is a delicate fabric suitable for elegant blouses and dresses. Chiffon - jacquard. It will make a great outfit - and a wedding dress, and evening, and graduation. Transparent elements in this fabric are interestingly combined with denser ones, making up an original abstract pattern.

Cotton - stretch- dense, but surprisingly easy material. The addition of elastic fibers does not allow it to wrinkle much. A wide range of colors, based on many bright "summer" shades, makes this fabric versatile. Expensive stretch cottons have haute couture touches, such as feathers. The plastic fabric that emphasizes the lines of the body looks equally good in seductive tops and romantic dresses. Not to mention that cotton is one of the most comfortable materials on a hot day.

Shiny fabric - for the most radiant outfits

Shiny, shimmering with all colors clothes invariably attracts the eye. Without a doubt, the owner of such a dress will always be in the spotlight. What shiny fabrics the textile industry produces, their properties, characteristics and tailoring features are detailed in our article.

The peak of fashion for shimmering and iridescent fabrics fell on the 80s - early 90s of the twentieth century - the height of the multi-color disco style. After that, for two decades, shiny clothes could only be seen on the stage or concert venues. But everything comes back at some point. And today, shining dresses, blouses, vests, hats, bags can be seen again not only in a nightclub, but also in a normal everyday environment.

Shine and radiance in fabrics are achieved by various means. The main ones are the following:

special weave of threads, giving a smooth shiny surface;
the composition of the fibers, due to which the canvas shimmers;
special spraying;
weaving metal threads;
use of sequins.

Each group of fabrics has its own characteristics. Let's consider them in more detail.

Chic and shine of satin and satin fabrics

The very word "atlas", which in Arabic means "smooth", speaks of the appearance of the material. Whatever products are sewn from it - wedding dresses, bedding, curtains or tablecloths - they all look simply “brilliant”.

This appearance of the fabric is achieved through a special weave, which is called satin. Its distinguishing feature is the predominance of warp threads on the surface, completely covering the wefts. This structure allows the use of blended fibers for production: silk comes out on the front side, and the reverse side is cotton or synthetic.

By the way, silk fibers are not always used as a basis. The satin-weave fabric eraser is 100% cotton, but still has a pleasant sheen. It is used when sewing dresses, skirts, shirts, shirts and other clothes. You can often see curtains, tablecloths, napkins made of eraser.

Another weave of threads, in which the fabrics get a characteristic sheen, is satin. It is the direct opposite of satin: weft threads come out on the front surface, and the main ones are hidden under them.

Satin is the most beautiful and expensive of all cotton materials. Bed linen made from it impresses with its magnificent shiny surface. Mako satin is considered the highest quality, for the production of which only certain varieties of cotton grown in India and Egypt are used.

Oriental overflows of organza and taffeta

Unlike natural fibers, many synthetic fibers are inherently lustrous and shimmery and do not require special craftsmanship to manufacture. Such shining fabrics are used more often not for tailoring (with the exception of evening and stage costumes), but in the production of home textiles.

To give the interior an oriental flavor, curtains made of organza, a gorgeous shiny fabric made from polyester, will help. Sometimes natural silk and viscose are added to the material, which only increases its radiance and iridescent effect.

For the same purpose, manufacturers produce several modifications of organza: crash - with the texture of cracked glass, harvester - with multiple creases and folds or with a special coating.

Interesting to know! Shanzhan organza or, as it is commonly called, “chameleon”, is especially popular among lovers of brilliance. Due to the special interweaving of multi-colored threads, the surface plays with new colors from different angles of view.

Another polyester fabric, taffeta, uses tightly twisted fibers connected by a simple plain weave. This is what gives the material its characteristic radiance.

Taffeta is used for tailoring evening and wedding dresses, carnival and theatrical costumes, beautiful stoles and shawls. Curtains for living rooms, offices or halls, sofa cushions and pillows, tablecloths, bedspreads and various decorative ornaments are often made from this fabric. Many are attracted by the shiny taffeta upholstery on sofas, chairs and armchairs.

Both organza and taffeta bring holiday elements into everyday life. With such fabrics, the rooms look elegant and fabulously rich.

Coated materials: always in the spotlight

The thinnest metallized layer is applied to the fabric in special units under vacuum. Powder particles settle on the surface, firmly connecting with the fibers. The same 100% polyester is used as the basis.

There are materials with a single-color coating or made in the form of fancy drawings and patterns. Glitter can be both saturated and muted, more delicate, but in any case, it always gives the materials a unique charm.

Metallized fabrics are used not only for tailoring beautiful clothes. They are used in the manufacture of curtains and fashionable roller blinds. In this case, the coating plays not only a decorative role, but also serves to reflect the sun's rays, which reduces the temperature in the room and brings comfort.

Interesting to know! Shiny pearl-coated fabric curtains look organic in any interior. In addition to protection from light, they have dirt-repellent and antistatic properties, which are achieved with the help of special impregnations.

Lurex fabrics - temptation and seduction

This is how the word "Lurex" sounds in translation from English, and this is quite true. Elegant dresses, blouses, skirts, underwear, tights and stockings - this is not a complete list of products that, thanks to lurex, look especially attractive and sexy.

By the way, Lurex is not a fabric, but just the thinnest metallized thread, which is pulled from aluminum, copper or nickel foil. It is produced in the USA, Italy, Japan and, of course, in China. Such threads can be mixed with any fibers - cotton, synthetic, silk and even wool. Knitwear made of yarn with metallized threads is very attractive.

Brocade is considered one of the most expensive and rich fabrics with Lurex. Initially, real gold or silver fibers were added to it. Recently, in order to reduce the cost and weight of the canvas, thin foil is used in a polyester sheath, painted in various colors.

Brocade is used for sewing concert outfits, historical costumes for theatrical performances, massive curtains and draperies. Many brides prefer to sew wedding dresses from this expensive and, undoubtedly, the most luxurious material.

Another fabric that is brilliant in every sense and deserves attention is lamé, which means “metal plate” in French. The material is in many ways similar to brocade, but several times thinner and therefore lighter.

The front side of the canvas has a sparkling surface with matte patterns, and the wrong side is its complete opposite. This texture allows fashion designers and designers to embody the most interesting ideas. Lame is used for evening dresses, theatrical and masquerade costumes, curtains, bedspreads and other products. The fabric is very fragile and easily destroyed under the influence of even minor loads.

Interesting to know! Metallized lamé fabric conducts electricity well. Therefore, vests are sewn from it, capable of responding to the slightest touch of a sword, which are worn by fencers.

Lurex thread is often added to jacquard or tapestry fabrics. Curtains, curtains, bedspreads and furniture upholstery made from such canvases have a truly royal look.

Sequin fabrics: beauty requires sacrifice

This is not just a figure of speech familiar to everyone, but the truth, since such canvases are very capricious not only in cutting and tailoring, but also in wearing. The basis in most cases is a light cotton fabric, such as chiffon, or a synthetic mesh.

There are two types of sequins: thin metal or plastic. Methods of attachment to matter are also different. They are sewn on with threads or glued on. Fabrics with sequins planted on glue are quite cheap. But you need to wear such clothes very carefully so that on the first day you don’t lose most of the “beauty”.

With threads, the situation is also not easy. On high-quality (but, of course, more expensive) canvases, the thread with which they are sewn is woven into the material itself, so breaking one or two pieces will not entail any special consequences. In more budget options, the thread is on top, and if it breaks, you can lose a lot of jewelry.

The style should be chosen as simple as possible, with a minimum number of seams. For work, you need to use thin needles that will easily pierce the sequins.

In most cases, it is better to put products on a case so that metal parts do not scratch or irritate the skin. Wash such clothes only by hand, without wringing and twisting. They usually don't need ironing.

Interesting to know! Fabric products with sequins are very difficult to sew on a typewriter. To facilitate the task, experienced craftswomen advise moistening the material with colorless synthetic oil.

Today, sparkling and iridescent canvases are back in trend. But to look really stylish, it is important not to overdo it with shine and shine. Here are some recommendations from leading fashion designers:

Shiny fabrics include many design studios in their collections: Dolche & Gabbana, Alexander McQueen, Gucci, Max Mara and others. Each fashionista can choose the degree of radiance that is suitable only for her.

For your convenience, we have prepared for you a detailed description of fabrics and their main properties and characteristics that are used in the manufacture of clothing for those goods that are presented in our online store of women's clothing "Most Fashionable". If you do not have enough description of any fabric or you have other wishes, you can always write to us about it at . All wishes will be taken into account and implemented as far as possible.

Description of fabrics. Their main types and characteristics

The highest quality man-made fiber, dimensionally stable, resistant to heat retention, often used instead of wool or in combination with it, to improve some of the characteristics of the product. Acrylic is also called "artificial wool", which in its own qualities is similar to natural wool, it has many exceptionally rare properties. Acrylic fibers are perfectly dyed, as a result of which it is possible to make yarn of bright, highly saturated, intense colors. Acrylic canvas has many advantages - hypoallergenic, pleasant to the touch, color fastness. Things are pleasant and comfortable to wear in everyday life, they are comfortable and warm. When leaving, this material is not whimsical, but some recommendations should be followed: wash products at a temperature not exceeding 30C, things cannot be squeezed out by twisting, they must be laid out on a flat surface until completely dry. Ironing should be done at the lowest temperature.

Alex- a fabric with good elasticity, which is a representative of the "knitted family". Due to the fact that the fabric is made by knitting (the loops are tightly intertwined with each other), Alex keeps its shape perfectly and practically does not wrinkle. Most often, the composition of the fabric includes cotton, viscose fibers and about 30% polyester. Business dresses, trouser suits, as well as classic skirts are sewn from this material.

Angora- Angora goat wool fabric, delicate to the touch, with a distinctive soft and delicate pile. The fabric is of light and medium-heavy types, one-colored or melange. The use of angora is widespread. Women's dresses, all kinds of suits, lightweight coats, etc. are sewn from it.

Smooth and dense fabric with a glossy face. Satin is highly wear-resistant, drapes well, and with proper care retains its shape. A fabric made from silk threads is susceptible to high temperatures, but a material with the addition of synthetic fibers is more resistant and durable. Evening, cocktail dresses, long skirts, blouses are sewn from satin. Fabric composition may vary. The most expensive products are made from 100% silk. More affordable fabrics will contain cotton and viscose fibers. The cheapest satin is made from 100% polyester.

Velvet- noble fabric with resistant pile. It is made from silk, woolen, cotton threads. Also, viscose can be added to the structure of the material, due to which the velvet becomes more durable and stretches well. The fabric is distinguished by its texture - soft pile, up to 5 mm long, gives a pleasant tactile sensation. The features of velvet are an iridescent surface and color saturation, and the disadvantages include difficulty in care, since such things can only be washed by hand, and stubborn stains are quite difficult to remove.

Airy, lightweight fabric, which, although it seems very delicate, has high strength and the ability to keep its shape. The most expensive cambric is the one that is made by hand from linen and cotton threads by twisting. But modern industry allows everyone to wear products from this fabric - in addition to cotton fibers, the composition of the fabric includes synthetic threads that make the material easier to care for and affordable. Summer dresses, sundresses, skirts are sewn from cambric, and it is also used to decorate blouses.

Natural stretch fabric, which contains a large amount of cotton fibers and a small percentage of elastane. The fabric has the property of high thermal conductivity, which is accompanied by a feeling of pleasant freshness and coolness.

Supplex. A fabric that stands out for one property: stretches beautifully. It is made by spinning - the threads are intertwined with each other on a special machine. Supplex can have different density and composition. Most often, more than 50% of the composition is lycra and lurex - synthetic materials that are responsible for the shine and characteristics of the fabric. Also, the composition may include microfiber and nylon - another representatives of the "synthetic", which endow the supplex with moisture-proof properties. Sports suits, swimwear are sewn from this material.

Boucle- fabric, which is made from woolen thread. Its characteristic features are the presence of many small curls and a knobby surface to the touch. Boucle is also compared to small astrakhan. The composition of the fabric, in addition to wool, may include cotton, viscose, synthetics. The thicker the material itself and the curls, the more wool is in the composition. They sew coats, suits, scarves from boucle. The most famous fans of boucle suits are Jacqueline Kennedy and Sophia Loren. Such a fabric does not wrinkle, and a woolen product can only be washed by hand.

Velveteen- this material is a synthetic fabric, the outer part of which is made of pile. This material has been known since ancient times, being considered the "fabric of kings", which made it very expensive and practically inaccessible to a wide range. However, now this fabric is made using a slightly different technology, which made it possible to increase the elasticity of the material itself. In addition, products made of corduroy are quite pleasant to the touch and durable, but special care must be taken when washing - the material can lose shape and wrinkle.

Velours- fabric with a low, very dense and soft pile. Pleasant to the body material, used for tailoring. In things from velor it is comfortable and cozy. Things made of velor practically do not wipe off and are resistant to other damage, do not stretch and after a long time look like new. Fabric composition: lycra, cotton with polyester or may consist of 100% cotton. Thanks to the inner layer of knitwear that comes into contact with your baby's skin, which is made of cotton. In things made of velor, it is comfortable, cozy and warm for children and adults. It is recommended to wash less than 35 degrees, also hand wash. Ironing after washing is not recommended.

Viscose- gentle, pleasant to the touch fiber (fabric), which has the highest brightness of color and soft sheen. Viscose has a composition similar to natural cotton fiber and is therefore hygroscopic, easily permeable to air. Moreover, it gives a feeling of coolness in hot weather.

Gabardine. The fabric, which has durability due to the special weaving of threads, uses embossed, diagonal weaving, and also keeps its shape well, allowing you to create draperies, textured folds that do not deform after washing. Natural gabardine is made from the wool of merino sheep - expensive suits and short coats are sewn from such material. Today, gabardine is most often made up of cotton, viscose, and textured polyester yarns. Skirts, jackets and suits are made from this fabric.

Galliano- a fabric that got its name thanks to the eminent Italian designer, who pays special attention to the lining when sewing products. Yes, galliano is a lining fabric that can have a different composition. For example, the lining that will be used for sewing a coat, a jacket will include twill, viscose. For dresses, skirts, galliano fabric is used, which consists of satin, polyester. This material is durable, holds its shape well, but practically does not stretch.

Guipure- a translucent fabric in the form of lace patterns based on - mesh. This material is widely used for the production of products consisting of it, as well as some individual elements for models, for example: lace sleeves of a dress, sweaters, etc., lace inserts on the back in summer or demi-season models. Guipure is used for the production of evening dresses, jackets and other things. Lace overlays give the models a festive look.

– a combination of two elegant fabrics, which allows you to get a spectacular material at a low cost. On the front side you see a sophisticated guipure pattern, and on the wrong side - a smooth and pleasant to the touch satin. For the manufacture of such a fabric, stretch satin is used, which includes lycra, as well as guipure. The latter, as a rule, is made from cotton or polyamide threads, less often from silk, linen and viscose. Guipure on satin is chosen for sewing corsets of evening dresses, jackets, skirts.

Guipure Printed. A fabric that consists of two elements: embossed lace and a thin mesh, which, in fact, connects the lace elements. Lace is made, as a rule, from cotton, but the mesh may contain synthetic fibers, which add wear resistance and strength to the product. Printed guipure, unlike the traditional one, can have different color schemes, since the color, the pattern is applied here mechanically. Original dresses are sewn from such material, it is used as inserts in jackets, evening dresses, where a corset is used.

Diving- High-quality and highly elastic fabric, which gives it a dimensionless effect. Perfectly hugs your body, drapes well and holds its shape well. The fabric is breathable and has the important inherent property of wicking moisture and sweat away from the surface of the body. Diving is a versatile and durable fabric and is often used for sewing: not only for everyday women's clothing, dresses, but also for the production of sportswear, including athletics.

Diving Micro- fabric, which, unlike its "brother" - diving, has a very wide range of applications. From it sew both dresses, pencil skirts, and tracksuits, leggings. It is made of thin fibers of viscose and is lightweight, stretches well and does not hinder movement. The composition of micro diving, in addition to viscose, includes lycra, polyester and elastane. Due to the presence of lycra and elastane, the fabric drapes well and sits on the figure.

Two-thread- compacted knitted fabric, made on the basis of a satin stitch, in the simple "Kulirka", one of the natural cotton-based materials widely used in our daily life. the outer side is even and smooth, and the inner side is loop-shaped, created by knitting high-density cushioning threads from the inside. The fabric is resistant to wear and does not lose its shape, the appearance of pellets and all possible stretching. This natural and natural material allows the skin to breathe perfectly even in warm and hot weather, easily passing air through itself. Important: it is desirable to wash at a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees, since the fabric shrinks after washing. Composition - 100% cotton.

Thickened fabric. Either woolen (worsted) or cotton twisted yarn. Scars are pronounced on the surface of the fabric, they are the result of an appropriate selection of the proportions of density and thickness and the introduction of a special weave of threads. The diagonal is so strong that it is used for sewing military uniforms, and for you and me, coats, jackets and the rest are sewn from it.
In production, the fabric is created on the basis of natural materials. Therefore, the fabric is hygroscopic and allows air to pass through quite easily, allowing the body to breathe. All things made from this material provide convenience and comfort, including practicality in use to the owner. The product does not cause hypoallergenic reactions. I would like to note the thermal insulation characteristics: in cold weather, clothes made of it warm and retain heat, and at elevated temperatures, on the contrary, it gives a feeling of freshness and coolness.

Jacquard- this material is a special fabric, which is made by complex interlacing of various threads. This technology also affects the price of the final material, which is quite large. As for products made from this fabric, they are very strong, light, wear-resistant and hypoallergenic. The use of natural materials in the production allows the use of this fabric even for newborn clothes.

Suede- she is shampoo (she is also rovduga and vezh), this is leather dressed from deer and sheepskins using a method called fat tanning. It has characteristic properties: soft silkiness, a certain velvety and such an important property as moisture impermeability. Painted in different colors. A distinctive feature of the fabric is sponginess and porosity.

The material is made by combining a cotton, silk base with microfiber or polyester threads. Clothes - skirts, jackets are made in a woven way - a microfiber cloth is split into small fibers and applied to a cotton or silk base. This method ensures the reliability of the material. The non-woven method, in which polyester threads are glued to the base, is distinguished by its low cost, but also less high-quality processing. Artificial suede is soft, durable and practically does not deform.

The material consists of two parts: a base and a layer of polymers. It has good strength, elasticity, hypoallergenicity and tolerates frost, as well as exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Cotton and polyester can be used as the base, and polyurethane can be used as the top layer. The combination of a fabric base and porous polyurethane makes faux leather a highly breathable fabric that can be used to make dresses, skirts, leggings and trousers.

- this includes several types of canvases that differ in their composition, but have several mandatory properties. Suit fabric should keep its shape well, lie down on the figure and be wear-resistant. The material may include wool with elastane, cotton with the addition of polyester, viscose. The best suit fabrics are cotton with the addition of synthetic fibers - they are good for the summer-spring period, as well as woolen fabrics with viscose and elastane. The latter should be chosen for a warm winter-autumn suit.

Costume fabric "Tiar"- a rather dense one-color suit fabric in dark colors with elastane, the clothes are flexible and elastic, which gives it a kind of no dimension and does not restrict movement. A special characteristic is the softness, comfort and amazing pleating of the fabric. "Tiar" is widely used for sewing school clothes, clothes for women. Often used to make dresses, jackets, skirts, sundresses and more.

- This fabric is almost 100% natural cotton. Sometimes certain impurities of organic origin are added to the composition, but they only increase the positive characteristics of cotton. Clothing made of cotton absorbs moisture well and lets air through, which makes it almost indispensable in the summer. It also has good hypoallergenic properties, but with prolonged wear, the color saturation may be somewhat lost. However, this disadvantage is more than covered by its absolute advantages.

A natural fabric made from cotton fibers. Cotton is distinguished by its hypoallergenicity, the ability to pass air well and durability. The type of fabric called "shirt" has several features. The first is composition. Such a cotton will consist of 100% cotton without the addition of viscose or lycra. The second is the ability to keep the shape well, which is achieved due to the composition and dense weaving of the fibers. Cotton "shirt" is used for sewing blouses and, as the name implies, for making classic and casual shirts.

Crepe- a category of fabrics, mainly silk fabrics, whose threads are produced with a significant (crepe) twist, and in some variants with special (crepe) weaves. Crepe fabrics have characteristic properties: low wrinkling and excellent appearance, elasticity and wear resistance, as well as good drape. In order to highlight and emphasize all the splendor and elegance of the crepe pattern, it is most often made one-colored. Due to the fact that crepe threads have increased rigidity, it has the disadvantage of increased shedding.

Lightweight, but rather dense fabric, which has a slightly rough surface. The prefix "crepe" indicates a special method of weaving threads - first they are twisted in different directions, and then intertwined according to the traditional linen method. Due to this technology, a durable, but lightweight material is obtained. Evening, summer dresses, skirts, scarves are sewn from crepe-chiffon. The fabric lends itself well to drapery and is durable. Composition: 100% silk.

Corn- excellent moisture absorption is one of the main distinguishing properties of the fabric. Interestingly, corn dries instantly, you can tell before our eyes. We also refer to the ability of the fabric to retain color for a long time, resistance to fading when exposed to sunlight and other external influences. It is worth highlighting its most basic advantage - it is hypoallergenic. The fabric is very pleasant and soft to the touch.

Linen It is a natural fabric obtained from a plant. Products made from this material have very good breathability characteristics, which is a great advantage in very hot weather, as well as being hypoallergenic and durable. Linen retains its integrity quite well, despite frequent wearing and regular washing. It is worth noting that this material is sensitive to temperatures, so you need to wash these clothes in not very hot water so that the material does not sit down.

Madonna- a fabric that is characterized by maximum breathability and consists of synthetic materials - polyester and viscose. Sometimes spandex fibers are added to the composition - such a fabric will be as elastic as possible. Madonna is good because stains are easily removed from the surface, due to the fact that the fibers of the fabric undergo a special treatment. Evening dresses are sewn from this material when you need to create a model with heavy folds, as well as jackets and suits.

Fabric "Macaroni", (also "macaroni", "macaroni") is a fabric of plant origin, as a rule, coarse calico, 100% cotton. It got its name thanks to a simple pattern - thin lines on a light background. For a finished weaving pattern, a clear perpendicular weave of threads is necessary. The material is very pleasant and light. Use it for needlework, sewing children's clothing, bed linen, home costumes.

Oil- This is a synthetic material, which is based on polyester and viscose. The use of these materials allows clothes made of oil to be breathable, not to wrinkle and not to lose their shape for a long time. It is noteworthy that wearing such clothes in the heat allows not only not to experience discomfort, but also to feel a feeling of freshness and coolness, which makes this fabric extremely popular among summer clothing manufacturers.

Practical and pleasant to the touch. It is often used for sewing home textiles, bathrobes, pajamas and tracksuits. The composition is usually linen, cotton or bamboo. The surface of the terry is the loops of the main threads. The pile can be one- or two-sided. High-quality fabric remarkably absorbs moisture, does not deform and does not require ironing. There are canvases with a relief pattern and sheared pile.

memory- a fabric that restores its shape well, does not wrinkle and is distinguished by a matte sheen of its front side. The polymer fibers that make up the memory are responsible for the ability of the fabric to remember and restore shape. The material has the following properties: does not let moisture through, does not stretch, repels dirt. Sew from memory jackets, raincoats, coats. The fabric is also suitable for making skirts, suits. In this case, about 30% satin or cotton is added to its composition.

Micro oil- very similar in composition to knitted fabric. The fabric consists of: polyester 90%, viscose 5%, lycra 5%. Incredibly thin, pleasant to the body flowing material.

Mohair- a thin, silky fabric made from the wool of the angora goat. It is used to make dresses, suits, sweaters and even coats. Until 1820, this fabric was available only to the Turkish Sultan, but in the middle of the 20th century, Angora goats began to be taken out of the country and sold as a valuable material in European countries. Mohair is very light, perfectly retains heat and has a soft sheen.

Neoprene- This is a synthetic material that is made on the basis of foam rubber. In the modern world, this material is used in a variety of areas, but it is most widely used in water sports, where it is the basis of athletes' clothing. This is quite understandable, because this material does not allow moisture to pass through, and also allows you to save the natural heat of the human body, regardless of temperature changes.

Nicole- a fabric that is practical and bright in color. Almost 70% it consists of polyester, thanks to which it does not wrinkle, retains a rich color and washes well. It contains elastane and viscose - the product will sit well on the figure. Sewn from nicole fabric are both summer sundresses, dresses, shorts in a catchy yellow, turquoise, pink hue, as well as strict suits in classic gray, black.

- airy, lightweight fabric, which, at the same time, is stiff. The material holds its shape well and can be both shiny and matte. It all depends on the composition of the fabric. "Brilliant organza" - one that is made from polyester fibers that undergo additional processing. Matte fabric is obtained from viscose and silk threads. True, silk organza is rare, since such material is very expensive. The fabric can be decorated with lurex or metallic threads. Organza is used to decorate dresses, skirts and suits.

sequins- a fabric that is distinguished by a complex production technology and consists of several elements. The first is a base made of polyester or oil, which is responsible for the practicality of the material. Thanks to the polyester, the sequins stretch well. The second element is, in fact, sequins, sparkles that are sewn to the base. They are made from plastic or thin metal plates. Sequins can have a different shape, color and differ in the degree of sheen. As for the composition, the sequin fabric is, as a rule, synthetics.

For the manufacture of the lining, most often, fabrics with synthetic fibers are used, as they are durable. Viscose is a fabric that is used as a lining in tracksuits. Satin is considered the best option for lining coats and men's suits. Polyester is the most popular lining fabric used for down jackets and jackets. Satin is an expensive fabric that is used as a lining for evening dresses, skirts and classic suits.

- a fabric based on cotton. Most often, it consists of 80-90% of cotton, and is supplemented with synthetic, less often with silk threads. The main advantages of poplin: the fabric is breathable, soft to the touch, keeps its shape perfectly and does not require ironing. After several washes, poplin will not lose color or stretch. Dresses, shirts and jackets are sewn from this fabric - that is, practical products that should not lose their shape, but are necessarily durable.

- a fabric that looks like an elastic band and belongs to the "knitted family". The material is made by knitting, in which the front loops alternate with the wrong ones. Due to this, similarity with a small rubber band is achieved. Children's hats, clothes for the house, underwear are sewn from ribana. Fabric composition: 100% cotton. There are also fabrics with the addition of viscose, polyester (no more than 5%).

Rogozhka- a fabric that many associate with burlap. But matting is more elegant both in appearance and in composition. Ideal material for sewing outerwear and for suits, dresses in the spirit of Audrey Hepburn and Coco Chanel. The composition of the canvas includes natural materials: wool, cotton, linen. 2-5% acrylic is also added to increase wear resistance. Gunny holds its shape well and has a dense texture. Another feature is that the fabric does not wrinkle and does not require special care.

A non-woven material that has unique properties: it retains its shape well, does not absorb moisture and has high thermal insulation characteristics. For the manufacture of synthetic winterizer, synthetic fibers or recycled materials are used. The fibers are bonded together by gluing or heat treatment. The density of the synthetic winterizer depends on the thickness of the layers used. The minimum density is 0.04 kg per m², and the maximum is 1.5 kg. This material is used as a heater for jackets, down jackets, tracksuits.

Soft- looking at the name, it becomes clear that this fabric is soft. Outwardly, it resembles velor, but the composition of the software is somewhat different. The fabric may consist of cotton, elastane and viscose fibers. There is also 100% polyester. The front side of the software has a relief structure and a barely noticeable pile, and the wrong side is matte. Dresses with frills, skirts are sewn from such a fabric - it lends itself well to drapery, allowing you to create folds that keep their shape perfectly. The material withstands washing at 40 degrees, the color will not fade in the sun, and you don’t have to iron clothes made of soft.

Lightweight, lightweight and delicate fabric that stretches and retains its shape. In its composition, it is a synthetic material. Stretch mesh is used for decorating wedding and evening dresses. Recently, this material has also been chosen for sewing a tutu skirt, as well as corrective underwear. Due to the fact that the material is characterized by a low density, the product from it must be washed in a delicate mode. Fabric composition: 95% polyester and 5% elastane.

- a fabric that is distinguished by its density and its glossy surface. It is made by plain weaving of threads, thanks to which the material is distinguished by its ability to repel moisture. The dense weaving of the threads also reveals another ability of the fabric - to keep its shape perfectly and form rigid folds. Taffeta is made from polyester, viscose, acetate and cotton. Rarely, silk threads can be found in the composition. Evening dresses, skirts are sewn from this fabric, and taffeta is also used to decorate blouses and trousers.

Tweed- woolen fabric with good density. It is made by twill weaving of thick fibers. The fabric is distinguished by its textured surface, and the combination of threads of different colors and the method of weaving create a textured ornament with coarse knots typical of tweed. Women started wearing tweed suits thanks to Coco Chanel. The famous skirt and jacket sets in pale pink, black and white were made from this natural wool fabric. Tweed has elasticity, strength, does not wrinkle, and the only drawback of the fabric is that it must be protected from moths.

tiara- the fabric from which suits are most often sewn, both trouser and with a skirt. The material is distinguished by a smooth, even surface with a barely noticeable diagonal scar. Most of the composition is polyester, thanks to which the tiara keeps its shape well and does not wrinkle. It contains viscose and wool - these fibers add softness and make products warm. Necessarily, the composition of the tiara will include elastane, which ensures the elasticity of the fabric. Most often, black, brown, dark blue and gray suits are made from tiara.

Thinsulate- is for today one of the best heaters for clothes. Ultra light material that does not absorb moisture, thanks to this, even in wet weather it will warm you, has excellent thermal insulation qualities. Thinsulate is one of the weightless heaters, it has the best qualities of bird fluff, only after washing it does not crumple and does not crumple like fluff - this is one of the most positive qualities of this heater. Thinsulate is very effective and is able to keep you warm even in cold weather - 60 degrees. Care - things from thinsulate can be washed both by hand and in a typewriter. If you have chosen automatic washing, then it is recommended to choose a gentle mode: revolutions less than 600 per minute, water temperature - less than 40 ° C, light spin. Even with repeated washing, things do not lose their original appearance and shape, the fabric dries very quickly.

Three-thread- compacted knitted fabric, made on the basis of a satin stitch (kulirki - natural materials based on cotton), the outer side is even, and the inner side is a thick fleece, which is formed as a result of knitting interlining threads from the outside. This canvas is resistant to pellets, stretching of the material, serves for a long time and does not change shape in any way. It is a natural fabric, it allows air to pass through, as a result of which the skin can breathe, and thanks to the fleece it keeps heat, thanks to which the material is ideal for cold weather. Three-thread is pleasant to the body and sensations. Recommended care - wash at less than 35 degrees. The composition of the fabric is 100% cotton.

- knitted fabric, which has its own peculiarity - the front and back sides are different in appearance. The front is a smooth fabric, soft to the touch, but the wrong side will be distinguished by the presence of fleece, which is formed by interweaving the fibers of the footer (thick cotton fabric). The latter add thermal insulation properties to the material. Three-thread "Loop" is used for tailoring tracksuits. Fabric composition: 100% cotton.

trick is a lightweight knitted fabric based on synthetic threads. It perfectly holds its shape, is elastic, has a smooth and shiny surface. Such material absorbs moisture well and dries quickly. The stains are easily washed off, and ironing is not necessary at all. As a rule, the trick is used for tailoring tracksuits, tops, leggings. Distinguish between plain and printed canvases.

Soft, fleecy, pleasant to the touch fabric, which is popular with world designers due to its two qualities - the “ability” to keep warm well and durability. Natural angora is made from goat hair and has a silky sheen. But angora knitwear refers to mixed fabrics, which includes wool, viscose and polyester. The percentage of the latter, as a rule, is up to 55%. Cardigans, warm dresses with sleeves, tracksuits are sewn from such fabric.

Jersey jersey - as it is already clear, this is a type of knitted fabric that is knitted using the single-row weaving method, and not woven like other fabrics. How to determine what is in front of you is a jersey? You can take the raw edge of the fabric and stretch it across the width. It should roll up. The composition of the canvas may include woolen threads, cotton, polyester and mixed fibers. The more elastane and synthetic fibers in the composition, the better the jersey stretches. They make both clothes for the house and cardigans, dresses, sweatpants and T-shirts from the fabric.

A fabric that, although it belongs to the "knitted family", is made of synthetic fibers. It does not wrinkle, is durable, wear-resistant and has excellent elasticity. The right side of the fabric can have a shiny finish, while the wrong side will look like a traditional knitted fabric. Disco knitwear is used for tailoring cocktail dresses, blouses, tight skirts and overalls. Fabric composition: 95% polyester and 5% elastane. Some manufacturers add cotton fibers to the composition.

Fabric that differs in the way weave threads. Here, the transverse thread is reinforced, and the canvas itself is distinguished by the presence of small scars, due to which the material looks similar to rep. To the touch, the “rib” is a velvety, soft fabric. Such knitwear does not wrinkle, quickly restores its shape, has good breathability and thermal insulation. They make dresses, trousers, skirts from jersey "rib" that fit perfectly on the figure. Fabric composition: 95% cotton and 5% lycra or 40% cotton, 30% viscose, 30% polyester.

Flannel- a very soft and fleecy type of cotton-based fabric. Widely used for making home textiles. It has a twill or plain weave, a uniform two- or one-sided pile. It has excellent absorbent and heat-saving properties. It is often used in the production of bathrobes and warm pajamas. There are printed, shirt, bleached, one-colored and careless flannel.

Fleece- This is a synthetic material made on the basis of polyester, as well as other materials of artificial origin. The fleece material can be used as a lining as well as an outer material. Fleece products are quite light and dense, which makes this material indispensable in the manufacture of sportswear.

Flock- thick fabric, based on polyester and cotton. It can withstand heavy loads, often used as upholstery for upholstered furniture. In the manufacture of the material, finely cut villi are used, which are applied to the adhesive base using a special tool - a flokator. It creates an electrostatic field that allows tiny particles to be firmly fixed.

French jersey- knitted fabric with excellent stretchability. Knitwear is massively used in the tailoring of all types of clothing, turtlenecks, women's dresses, suits for women, jackets, sweaters, pullovers. The loose composition gives this fabric softness. French knitwear allows human skin to breathe, protecting it from hot and cold weather.

Cotton is a natural material derived from a plant that is used in many types of other fabrics. Cotton products are very light and pleasant to the touch, breathable, which allows you to wear these clothes even in the hottest weather. Cotton is used in a variety of industries - from tailoring to furniture production. Cotton items should not be washed at a hot temperature, otherwise they may shrink and lose their shape.

Cotton harvester It is 100% natural fabric. It is usually used for sewing bed linen and home textiles. Crinkled fabric is obtained by special twisting of threads and heat treatment. The result is an interesting embossed pattern, the fabric itself is light, breathable, pleasant to the touch. The advantage of harvester cotton is that it does not require ironing, it retains a neat appearance for a long time.

- a material that is distinguished by its ability to retain heat well. This is achieved by the production of material - synthetic fibers are twisted, connected by a thermal method. Cavities are formed inside the fibers, which retain heat. Holofiber is non-toxic, breathable, does not absorb odors and does not shrink when washed. Use it as a heater for jackets, down jackets, sports, ski suits.

Silk is a fabric of natural origin, obtained from cocoons, which are woven by silkworms. The technology of its manufacture is quite complicated, which naturally affects the cost of the final material. However, its advantages brighten up this small drawback. The fabric passes air very well, absorbs and evaporates moisture, and also has a positive effect on human skin itself - the chemical composition of silk allows the epidermis to regenerate faster. In addition, silk items are reliable defenders against various ticks and lice, as well as other harmful microorganisms.

Chiffon- this material was made using natural silk, but later began to use synthetic materials. Chiffon products are unusually light and airy, but their strength leaves much to be desired. However, this material is quite widely used in many fashion houses as a material for clothing.

- this is a fabric that is a mixture of cotton and viscose in a ratio of 50 to 50 (there are fabrics where 60% cotton and 40% viscose). The material itself has a fairly dense structure, but this does not affect its weight - the fabric is quite light and airy. The stack is very pleasant to the touch, not for nothing that homemade dressing gowns were sewn from this material in Soviet times. The fabric may somewhat resemble wool, but its structure is more delicate and elastic.

Eco leather is a synthetic material derived from polyurethane. From the name it is clear that it is a substitute for natural leather, but, unlike leatherette, it is practically not inferior to it. The discovery of this material allowed not only to save a considerable number of animals, but also to take care of the environment, because the production of natural leather is often associated with its pollution. As for the fabric itself, it is very reliable and similar to natural leather in its characteristics.

Types of fabrics and their characteristics.

High-quality, fashionable and beautiful fabric is the key to the success of any garment. The fabric is created by interlacing the warp and weft threads, located mutually perpendicular to each other, using a loom. Various types of fabrics are created due to the characteristics of the raw materials and weaving weaves that determine its structure, appearance and properties. What are the fabrics and what are their characteristics, properties, weaves? This will be discussed in this article. We will present the types of fabrics in detailed descriptions and with photos so that you can navigate this topic.

According to the type of raw materials, all types of fabrics can be divided into three large groups: natural, artificial and synthetic. There is also spinous tissue of mineral origin, but it is used only in the construction business.

The first group includes fabrics made from fibers of plant and animal origin: cotton, linen, jute, hemp, wool and silk.

Artificial fabrics are obtained from natural substances of organic origin - cellulose, proteins, and inorganic - glass, metal. These are viscose, acetate, fabrics with metallic threads and lurex.

Synthetic fabrics are made from polymer threads. These include: polyamide fabrics - dederon, hemlon, silon; polyesters - tesil, sloter, diolen; polypropylene and polyvinyl fabrics - dralon and kashmilon.

The textural features of various types of fabrics - gloss, pile, "sandy surface" - largely depend on the type of weaving.

Plain (smooth or main) weaves of warp and weft threads are linen (taffeta), twill (twill) and satin (satin). Special weaves have crepe and fine-grained fabrics (canvas). Plaid and striped fabrics have a compound (combined) weave. Fabrics with complex patterns have a jacquard weave. To create pile fabrics, a weft-pile weave (semi-velvet, velveteen) or warp-pile weave (velvet, plush) is used. In the manufacture of fine-woven fabrics such as drape and some types of silk, a two-layer weave is used, in which two separate fabric sheets are formed, interconnected by special weft or warp threads.

According to the color scheme, the types of fabrics can be divided into plain and multi-color - melange, printed, multi-colored, mulirovanny.

Over the centuries-old history of weaving, a huge number of different types of fabrics have been created, striking with a variety of textures, patterns and surface effects.

The most famous types of fabrics and their names:

Openwork - a fabric made of cotton, woolen or silk yarn, which has a through ornament. It was very popular in the first half of the 19th century.

Alpaca is a light, soft, thin fabric made in plain or twill weave from the wool of the domestic animal of the same name, which is bred in Peru and Bolivia. A very valuable type of wool.

Angora (angora wool) - made from the wool of angora rabbits and goats bred on farms in England, France, Italy, Japan. Used in knitwear.

Satin - one-colored fabric made of silk threads with a shiny satin weave surface. Translated from Arabic, "atlas" means "smooth". Atlas has been known in Rus' since the 15th century: it was widely used for making clothes for the nobility - caftans, feryazi, zipuns, sundresses and shirts. In modern fashion, women's dresses for special occasions, elegant blouses and suits are made from it. Satin is also used as a lining fabric.

Types of fabrics - photo: fabric satin, alpaca, velvet, cambric, supplex, boucle, velveteen, velor and viscose.

Acetate silk is a silk made from man-made fibers first obtained in 1925 by chemists Celanese Corp. of America (USA).

Velvet is a cotton, soft fabric with a pile surface. Velvet can be plain-dyed or patterned. It is used to make evening dresses and suits, trousers and jackets. Stretch velvet is superbly stretchable and fits the figure well thanks to the elastic fibers in the composition of the fabric. Used to make leggings and sweatshirts.

Batiste - light and dense, delicate to the touch, cotton or linen fabric with plain weave. The fabric is named after the Flemish weaver Baptiste of Cambrai, who first made it in the 13th century. Blouses, dresses, women's and children's underwear, handkerchiefs are made from cambric.

Brokat is a silk fabric with a smooth carded pattern and with gold or silver threads (lurex). The latest developments of this fabric are made from synthetic fibers. Brocat is used to make elegant blouses and dresses, as well as men's evening jackets.

Boston is a plain dyed twill weave made of high quality wool with increased wear resistance. Used to make costumes.

Boucle is a thick plain weave fabric made from fancy yarn with large knots in the form of irregular loop-like thickenings, due to which “bumps” form on its surface. Used to make women's suits and coats.

Coarse calico - a dense cotton or linen fabric of plain weave, made from carded yarn. Used to make bed linen.

Velveteen cord is a cut-pile cotton fabric with pile strips 3-5 mm wide. It is plain dyed and printed.

Types of fabrics - photo: gabardine fabrics, guipure (lace), tapestry, devoré, jersey, drape, jacquard fabric, georgette, suede.

Corduroy rib is a cut-pile cotton fabric with pile strips 1 mm wide. It is plain dyed and printed.

Velor (from French Velours - velvet) - the general name for materials that have a pile, velvety front surface. These are not only fabrics (cotton, wool, rayon), but also leather and felt. In some countries, velveteen and velvet are called velor.

Viscose is the name of an artificial fiber made from cellulose and a fabric based on it. Viscose was first made in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century. In its pure form, it has a number of disadvantages (shrinkage during soaking, low strength), however, in combination with other fibers, high-quality fabrics are obtained.

Veil - a thin, transparent fabric made of cotton threads of plain weave. Weight of 1 square meter from 60 to 105 g.

Gabardine - (from Spanish - "gabardina" - protection from the elements) - a pure woolen or semi-woolen fabric of twill weave, on the surface of which there are pronounced diagonal scars. The fabric has high wear resistance and water resistance due to the density and uniformity of the surface. It is used for the manufacture of women's and men's suits, coats and raincoats.

Gas is a transparent, almost weightless silk or cotton fabric of a special weave, in which the weft and warp threads retain space. Depending on the manufacturing characteristics, gas was obtained as a satin, canvas or twill.

Garus is a type of woolen fabric named after the city of Arras in Flanders, where it was made.

Guipure is a lace fabric made of thin cotton or silk threads, consisting of fragments sewn with a needle or made using bobbins, interconnected. Today guipure is made by machine.

Denim (denim) - (from French De Nim - from Nimes) - cotton fabric of plain or twill weave, characterized by high strength and density. Named after the city of Nimes, where it was first made. In the beginning it was used for the manufacture of work clothes for gold miners, in our time - for everyday jeans.

Devore is a fabric, the pattern on which is obtained by burning (chemical etching) of part of the fibers.

Types of fabrics - photo: cashmere, crash, lycra, varnish, linen, organza, brocade, pique, plush.

Jersey is a knitted fabric (single or double) machine knitted with a small loop pitch, which has high stretch and a smooth surface. Jersey is made from combed wool, sometimes from cotton, silk or man-made fibres. Wool jersey was introduced into fashion by Coco Chanel.

Drap (from French Drap - cloth) - a soft woolen fabric with a smooth surface, on which, as a result of the roll, a felt-like covering is formed, covering the weaving. Drapes can be one- and two-faced, plain and multi-color, nap and smooth. Used for sewing men's and women's coats.

Cashmere is a woolen or semi-woolen fabric with a diagonal rib on the surface, made from the wool of the Himalayan goat. The name of the fabric comes from the Indian state of Kashmir, from which the fabric was imported to Europe since the 18th century. However, this is also the name of the goat, from the wool of which this fabric is produced.

Crepe de Chine (fr. Crepe de Chine) - a fabric made from silk threads made from raw silk in the base and crepe silk in the weft or a fabric made from artificial threads made from a slightly twisted warp and a high crepe twist weft (surface density - 130 g /m2). Crepe de chine has a matte finish.

Crepe georgette is a thin, translucent fabric made of crepe-twist silk threads in a plain weave warp and weft. It is characterized by rigidity, elasticity, flowability of edges. It is used for making dresses, blouses, and also for decoration.

Crepe satin is a two-sided fabric made of artificial silk threads: one side is satin, the other is matte with a crepe effect. Both sides can be used as front.

Crepe-chiffon is a fabric made from natural twisted threads of silk-crepe in the warp and weft of plain weave (surface density 25 g/m2). The fabric has a matte surface, like all fabrics of the crepe group.

Linen is a fabric made from threads produced from flax stalks. Linen is a natural material with excellent hygienic properties: it allows air to pass through and pleasantly cools the skin on a hot summer day.

Organdy (from French Organdi - hard dressing fabric) is a thin, transparent, hard cotton fabric, which is native to East India.

Organza is a hard to the touch, transparent fabric made from natural silk or chemical fibers.

Brocade is a complex fabric with patterns of gold and silver threads. It was imported to Russia from Turkey and Iran, later from France and Italy, and from the 18th century its production was established in Russia.

Pique is a cotton or silk fabric with a complex interweaving of fibers, which has a characteristic texture of the front side in the form of longitudinal stripes. Used to make women's dresses, blouses, suits.

Polyamide (nylon) is a synthetic fiber and fabric made from it, which has high wear resistance and exceptional tensile strength.

Types of fabrics - photo from left to right: poplin, rep, cloth, taffeta, tweed, fukra, cotton, silk, silk satin.

Polyester is a new synthetic material with good breathability and softness.

Semi-velvet is a dense cotton fabric with a pile surface obtained due to a weft-pile weave.

Poplin is a dense plain weave fabric made from cotton, silk or woolen threads. It has a small transverse scar due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is greater than that of the weft threads. Silk poplin is used to make elegant dresses.

Rep is a dense fabric made of cotton, silk and woolen threads, made from combed yarn in the warp and weft, plain weave. The fabric has a “ribbed” texture due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is higher than the density of the weft threads: the surface of the fabric is formed from the warp threads, and the weft threads, being in the middle, form transverse scars.

Twill - a fabric made of silk or woolen threads of twill weave. Silk twill is an excellent material for lining, and woolen for outerwear.

Satin is a fabric with a shiny surface made of silk, cotton and woolen threads with a satin weave. Silk satin is a stunningly beautiful material for making wedding and elegant dresses. Cotton satin is used to make home and work clothes. Wool satin is used for outerwear.

Broadcloth is a dense woolen fabric with a moderately shiny surface, obtained by weaving medium thickness carded yarn in the warp and thick hardware yarn in the weft. In the process of finishing, the fabric is piled, then the pile is sheared and pressed. Cloth is used to make coats and suits.

Taffeta is a dense silk fabric, one-colored or multicolored, with a ribbed texture. Used for ball gowns.

Types of fabrics - photo: wool, chiffon, staple fabric. Weaves of fabric from left to right: plain, twill and satin weave.

Tweed (English, tweed) is a coarse woolen fabric with a twill weave. Named after the river in Scotland, along the banks of which there were textile enterprises for the production of these fabrics.

Taktel is a fabric made of fine fiber containing 100% cellulose, has high wear resistance, windproofness and good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture, "breathes".

Flannel is a cotton or wool fabric of rep (weft) or twill weave, which has a double-sided sparse pile. Cotton flannel is used to make linen. Men's and women's clothing is made from soft and warm woolen flannel: suits, skirts, trousers.

Cotton is a natural fiber made from the cotton plant.

Shanzhan - natural or artificial silk with an iridescent effect, obtained thanks to multi-colored warp and weft threads.

Cheviot is a one-color sparse woolen fabric of twill weave, which is subjected to felting and shearing. It is used for the manufacture of outerwear.

Silk is a lightweight fabric made from threads obtained from silkworm cocoons.

Wool - a fabric made from natural fibers made from the wool of sheep, camels, goats.

Chiffon is a very thin, delicate translucent fabric made from threads of silk, cotton, viscose or synthetic crepe twist. Silk chiffon is considered the best - smooth, shiny, flowing.

Tartan - a term for a fabric with a pattern in a large check.

Staple - a soft fabric made of silky fiber based on cellulose with the addition of cotton, has good hygienic properties and is used in the summer range of clothing.

A variety of fabrics allow every woman to find her own unique look and style!

Irina Shestakova for fammeo.ru