The image of Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina in the poem “Who in Rus' should live well” by N.A. Nekrasov (School essays). The life story of Matryona in the poem Who lives well in Rus' (the fate of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina)

Composition.
Life of Matrena Timofeevna based on the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Who should live well in Rus'"

The poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'”, begun in one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, was written for several years, up to one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, although it remained unfinished.
To write such a work, Nekrasov began to study Russian folk art, peasant life. Thus, the author was preparing for a great literary feat - to create a monumental poem glorifying the Russian people. In my opinion, the reader should treat this work as a chronicle, a document written on the basis of real facts. In addition, the poem is also perceived as a folk narrative, since issues that are relevant to the people, age-old for people's consciousness are being resolved: about truth and falsehood, about grief and happiness. The poem takes on the significance of a folk encyclopedia.
For Nekrasov, the Russian people are "a hero of their time", the spiritual strength of the country. In the image of one hero, the author personifies the entire human race. People cease to be a crowd, they become a society in which women play a special role. The Russian woman has always been for the poet the bearer of life, a symbol of national existence. Therefore, one of the parts of the poem "Peasant Woman" can be safely renamed and called "The Life of Matrena Timofeevna."
Having found the definition of the term “life” in the dictionary, we learn that this is a description of the life of spiritual and secular persons canonized by the Christian Church, their biography.
Indeed, the whole part is built on telling as much as possible about the life of Matryona Timofeevna, to acquaint the reader with the heroine. Nekrasov writes this part, the only one in the poem, in the first person, bringing us closer to the spiritual inner world of man.
The first meeting with the heroine takes place at the moment when she returns from the field in a crowd of "reapers and reapers". Before the reader appears the image of a Russian peasant woman who is able to perform difficult and physically difficult work. She did not try to get away from work. Now it's time to work, is it leisure to interpret?
At any time, the heroine is able to sacrifice herself and her strength for the common good. Human happiness and duty for her is the main activity. She is ready to sacrifice herself.
Judging by the first meeting of the reader with the heroine, one can quite definitely say that Matryona Timofeevna is a smart, strict, hardworking woman and, moreover, a very caring mother. Many trials fell to her share, despite the fact that in her childhood she lived like "in Christ's bosom." As a girl, the heroine learned a lot: she worked in the field, brought breakfast to her father - a shepherd, spun - in general, did household chores. But "the betrothed turned up." They gave Matrena Timofeevna in marriage, she ended up "from a girl's holi to hell." For new relatives, the heroine became like a "slave". Husband Philip once beat her, but even this fact is not enough for Matryona Timofeevna to take revenge or hate him. She forgave, continuing to treat him as gently and affectionately: "Filippushka" or "Filyushka". She did not even resist the beatings, "turning the other cheek." This testifies to the closeness of her soul to God, deep faith in him, because she lives according to the biblical commandments. Then she gave birth to a son Demushka. And again the heroine is faced with a new problem, which is helped by her “father-in-law’s parent”, the only person who pities her. Grandfather Saveliy is presented in the poem as "the hero of Svyatorussky." It can also be attributed to the saints. It personifies the image of a holy, courageous person. Saveliy embodies heroism: mind, will, calmness and sanity. His feelings develop in trials, like Matryona Timofeevna. He was the only one who respected and felt sorry for the heroine, a defenseless girl who had to suffer so much. Even when Demushka died because of Savely, Matryona Timofeevna was able to forgive him. And this is not given to every woman, because in most cases, few mothers are able to forgive the "killer" of their child. Nor is it surprising that the mother's first reaction was to curse the poor old man. The same man was perfectly aware of his sin, therefore he answered absolutely calmly to the anger and violence of the woman, reasoning that only "God knows what he is doing." Feeling guilty and trying to atone for his sin, Savely went to the monastery, spending the last years of his life there.
More than twenty years have passed since the death of Matryona's son. The heroine gave birth to Fedotushka, with the appearance of which the innocent woman again had to suffer for the happiness of the child. For the fault of the stupid boy, the mother took upon herself the pain and cruelty of the punishment assigned to her son. Even for the sake of her ruthless husband, Matryona was ready for anything. She was not afraid to meet the governor's wife. At that moment, Matrena gave birth to a boy. Having learned about the misfortune of the woman, the governor helped her. Philippa saved.
This is the last difficult test that the heroine herself tells us about, and it makes it clear to the reader that the woman in Nekrasov's poem is a strong personality who managed to defend her human dignity in conditions of production and slavery. With her existence, Matryona Timofeevna explained what an indestructible spiritual and moral force is hidden in the mother's soul. Therefore, it is not in vain that the author describes the entire life path of the heroine, showing that she is a holy person, ready to die not for herself, but for others.
The main character personifies the whole nation as a whole. The consciousness of this morality, the “strength of the people”, which foreshadowed the sure victory of the people in the struggle for a happy future, was the source of that joyful vivacity that is felt even in the rhythms of the great poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Who is it good to live in Rus'".

Tasks and tests on the topic "The Life of Matrena Timofeevna based on the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Who should live well in Rus'""

Spelling - Important topics for repeating the exam in the Russian language
Lessons: 5 Assignments: 7

Composition on the topic: Matrena Timofeevna. Composition: Who lives well in Rus'

Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina is a peasant woman. The third part of the poem is dedicated to this heroine.

M.T. - “A portly woman, Broad and dense, 38 years old. Beautiful; hair with gray hair, Big strict eyes, Eyelashes of the richest, Harsh and swarthy.

Among the people about M.T. the glory of the lucky woman is coming. She tells the strangers who come to her about her life. Her story is told in the form of folk laments and songs. This emphasizes the typical fate of M.T. for all Russian peasant women: "It's not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women."

In the parental home of M.T. life was good: she had a friendly non-drinking family. But, having married Philip Korchagin, she ended up "from a girl's will to hell." The youngest in her husband's family, she worked for everyone like a slave. The husband loved M.T., but often went to work and could not protect his wife. The heroine had one intercessor - grandfather Savely, her husband's grandfather. M.T. she has seen a lot of grief in her lifetime: she endured the harassment of the manager, survived the death of the first-born Demushka, who, due to Savely's oversight, was bitten by pigs. M.T. failed to retrieve the son's body and he was sent for an autopsy. Later, another son of the heroine, 8-year-old Fedot, was threatened with a terrible punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a hungry she-wolf. Mother, without hesitation, lay down under the rod instead of her son. But in a lean year, M.T., pregnant and with children, is likened to a hungry she-wolf herself. In addition, the last breadwinner is taken away from her family - her husband is shaved into soldiers out of turn. In desperation, M.T. runs into the city and throws himself at the feet of the governor's wife. She helps the heroine and even becomes the godmother of the born son M.T. - Liodora. But the evil fate continued to haunt the heroine: one of the sons was taken to the soldiers, "they burned twice ... God anthrax ... visited three times." In the "Woman's Parable" M.T. sums up his sad story: “The keys to female happiness, From our free will, Abandoned, lost From God himself!”

The image of Matryona Timofeevna (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'”)

The image of a simple Russian peasant woman Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly bright and realistic. In this image, Nekrasov combined all the features and qualities characteristic of Russian peasant women. And the fate of Matrena Timofeevna is in many ways similar to the fate of other women.

Matrena Timofeevna was born into a large peasant family. The very first years of life were truly happy. All her life, Matryona Timofeevna remembers this carefree time, when she was surrounded by the love and care of her parents. But peasant children grow up very quickly. Therefore, as soon as the girl grew up, she began to help her parents in everything. Gradually, the games were forgotten, there was less and less time left for them, hard peasant work took the first place. But youth still takes its toll, and even after a hard day's work, the girl found time to relax.

Matrena Timofeevna recalls her youth. She was pretty, hardworking, active. It's no wonder the boys were looking at her. And then the betrothed appeared, for whom the parents give Matrena Timofeevna in marriage. Marriage means that now the free and free life of the girl is over. Now she will live in a strange family, where she will not be treated in the best way. When a mother gives her daughter in marriage, she grieves for her, worries about her fate:

The mother was crying

“... Like a fish in a blue sea

You yell! like a nightingale

Flutter from the nest!

Someone else's side

Not sprinkled with sugar

Not watered with honey!

It's cold there, it's hungry there

There is a well-groomed daughter

Violent winds will blow,

Shaggy dogs bark,

And people will laugh!”

In these lines, the sadness of a mother is clearly read, who perfectly understands all the hardships of life that will fall to the lot of her married daughter. In a strange family, no one will show interest in her, and the husband himself will never stand up for his wife.

Matrena Timofeevna shares her sad thoughts. She did not want to change her free life in her parents' house for life in a strange, unfamiliar family.

From the very first days in her husband's house, Matryona Timofeevna realized how hard it would be for her now:

The family was big

Grumpy... I got it

From girlish holi to hell!

Relations with the father-in-law, mother-in-law and sister-in-law were very difficult, in the new family Matryona had to work hard, and at the same time no one said a kind word to her. However, even in such a difficult life that the peasant woman had, there were simple and simple joys:

Filippushka came in winter,

Bring a silk handkerchief

Yes, I took a ride on a sled

On Catherine's day

And there was no grief!

Sang like I sang

In the parental home.

We were one-year-olds

Don't touch us - we have fun

We are always fine.

The relationship between Matryona Timofeevna and her husband did not always develop smoothly. A husband has the right to beat his wife if something does not suit him in her behavior. And no one will stand up for the poor thing, on the contrary, all relatives in the husband's family will only be happy to look at her suffering.

Such was the life of Matrena Timofeevna after marriage. The days dragged on monotonous, gray, surprisingly similar to each other: hard work, quarrels and reproaches from relatives. But a peasant woman has truly angelic patience, therefore, without complaining, she endures all the hardships that have fallen to her lot. The birth of a child is the event that turns her whole life upside down. Now the woman is not so embittered at the whole wide world, love for the baby warms and pleases her.

Philip on the Annunciation

He left, but on Kazanskaya

I gave birth to a son.

How written was Demushka

Beauty taken from the sun

The snow is white

Poppies have scarlet lips

The eyebrow is black in sable,

The Siberian sable

The falcon has eyes!

All the anger from my soul is my handsome

Driven away with an angelic smile,

Like the spring sun

Drives snow from fields...

I didn't worry

Whatever they say, I work

No matter how they scold - I am silent.

The joy of a peasant woman from the birth of her son did not last long. Work in the field requires a lot of effort and time, and then there is a baby in her arms. At first, Matrena Timofeevna took the child with her into the field. But then the mother-in-law began to reproach her, because it is impossible to work with a child with full dedication. And poor Matryona had to leave the baby with grandfather Savely. Once the old man overlooked - and the child died.

The death of a child is a terrible tragedy. But peasants have to put up with the fact that very often their children die. However, this is Matryona's first child, so his death turned out to be too difficult a test for her. And then there is an additional misfortune - the police come to the village, the doctor and the camp officer accuse Matryona of having killed the child in collusion with the former convict grandfather Saveliy. Matryona Timofeevna begs not to do an autopsy in order to bury the child without desecration of the body But no one listens to the peasant woman. She almost goes crazy from everything that happened.

All the hardships of a difficult peasant life, the death of a child still cannot break Matryona Timofeevna. Time passes, she has children every year. And she continues to live, raise her children, do hard work. Love for children is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, so Matrena Timofeevna is ready for anything to protect her beloved children. This is evidenced by an episode when they wanted to punish her son Fedot for an offense.

Matryona throws herself at the feet of a passing landowner to help save the boy from punishment. And the landowner said:

“Guardian of a minor

By youth, by stupidity

Forgive ... but a daring woman

Approximately punish!”

Why did Matrena Timofeevna suffer punishment? For his boundless love for his children, for his willingness to sacrifice himself for the sake of others. Readiness for self-sacrifice is also manifested in the way Matryona rushes to seek salvation for her husband from recruitment. She manages to get to the place and ask for help from the governor, who really helps Philip free himself from recruitment.

Matrena Timofeevna is still young, but she has already had to endure a lot, a lot. She had to endure the death of a child, a time of hunger, reproaches and beatings. She herself says what the holy wanderer told her:

“The keys to female happiness,

From our free will

abandoned, lost

God himself!”

Indeed, a peasant woman can by no means be called happy. All the difficulties and difficult trials that fall on her lot can break and lead a person to death, not only spiritual, but also physical. Very often this is exactly what happens. The life of a simple peasant woman is rarely long, very often women die in the prime of life. It is not easy to read the lines that tell about the life of Matryona Timofeevna. Nevertheless, one cannot help but admire the spiritual strength of this woman, who endured so many trials and was not broken.

The image of Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly harmonious. The woman appears at the same time strong, hardy, patient and gentle, loving, caring. She has to cope on her own with the difficulties and troubles that fall to the lot of her family, Matryona Timofeevna does not see help from anyone.

But, despite all the tragic that a woman has to endure, Matrena Timofeevna causes genuine admiration. After all, she finds the strength in herself to live, work, continues to enjoy those modest joys that from time to time fall to her lot. And let her honestly admit that she cannot be called happy in any way, she does not fall into the sin of despondency for a minute, she continues to live.

The life of Matrena Timofeevna is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.

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The image of the peasant woman Matrena Timofeevna in Nekrasov's poem "Who should live well in Rus'". //

In the exceptional female image of Matryona Timofeevna, Nekrasov showed the full severity of the female share. This theme can be traced throughout Nekrasov's work, but nowhere has the image of a Russian peasant woman been described with such tenderness and participation, so truthfully and subtly. And it is this heroine who will answer in the poem the eternal question about the female share, why the keys to female happiness are abandoned, lost from God himself.
Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina is a smart, selfless woman, the bearer of an angry heart, remembering unrequited grievances. The fate of Matrena Timofeevna is typical for a Russian peasant woman: after marriage, she ended up in hell from a girl's holi, various sorrows fell upon her one after another. As a result, Matrena is forced to take on overwhelming male labor in order to feed her large family.

Being a governor, Matryona still remains a man of the working peasant masses. She, smart and strong, the poet entrusted herself to tell about his fate. The peasant woman is the only part in Nekrasov's poem, all written in the first person. However, this story is not only about Matryona's female share. Her voice is the voice of the people themselves. That is why Matrena Timofeevna sings more often, and the Peasant Woman is a chapter permeated with folklore motifs, almost entirely built on folk poetic images. The fate of the Nekrasov heroine is constantly expanding to the limits of the all-Russian. Nekrasov managed to combine the personal fate of the heroine with mass life, without identifying them. Because, unlike most peasant women, whose marriage was determined by the will of their parents, Matryona Timofeevna marries her beloved.

Further, a picture of traditional family life in a peasant environment unfolds before us, the whole common life. As soon as Matryona entered her husband's family, all household duties immediately fell on her shoulders. Like any other Russian peasant woman, Matrena Timofeevna was brought up in respect for the older generation, so in the new family she unquestioningly obeyed the will of her husband and his parents. The seemingly unbearable work in the harsh peasant life becomes her everyday business, and the women's business.

As you know, beatings in a peasant family were also quite common, however, the heroine of the play is by no means a downtrodden slave. For the rest of her life, the only case of a beating by her husband crashes into her memory. At the same time, a song was put into the heroine's mouth when telling about this, which, without distorting the heroine's individual biography, gives the phenomenon a broad typicality.

Let us also recall the terrible tragedy of the loss of a child that Matryona Timofeevna experienced. Matryona was very upset by the death of her child, despite the ignorant aristocratic convictions that the peasants do not care about their children, because there are at least a dozen of them in each family. However, to the simple Russian heart of Matrena, like any other woman, all her children are dear, she wishes each of them a better life, she cares about everyone equally.

Nekrasov constantly in his poem emphasizes the truly Christian humility of a simple Russian woman, who sometimes faces terrible, unbearable trials. However, Matryona Timofeevna relies on the will of God in everything, like thousands of other women with difficult fates. The heroine takes her life for granted, which is why she, with deep worldly wisdom, pronounces the answer to the question about the female share: the keys to female happiness are lost from God himself. So, we have before us a collective image of the majority of Russian women, who are wholeheartedly devoted to their family, courageously carrying on their shoulders a huge burden of caring for their relatives and friends, and they carry their burden with incredible humility to fate, relying only on God and on themselves. Such is the female share of the Russian peasant woman, embodied in the person of Matryona Korchagina.
Thank you, it helped, but you need to carefully write off, they can catch.
Thank you

N. A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is a rather rare and artistically unique phenomenon. And if we recall the analogues, then it can only be compared with Pushkin's novel in verse. The monumentality and depth of the depiction of characters, combined with an unusually vivid poetic form, will be common to them.
The plot of the poem is simple: seven peasants set out to find out "who lives happily, freely in Rus'" and wander, trying to find this person. Having traveled many roads, having seen many people, they decided:

Not everything between men
Find a happy
Let's touch the grandmother!

They, as happy, are pointed to Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, nicknamed the Governor. This is a peasant woman, reputed to be happy among the people, Wanderers find her:

Matrena Timofeevna,
stubborn woman,
Wide and dense
Thirty-eight years old.
Beautiful; gray hair,
The eyes are large, stern,
Eyelashes are the richest.
Stern and swarthy.

She tells them about her life - full of worries, grief and sadness of the life of a simple Russian peasant woman. Matrena says that if she was happy, then only before marriage. What is this happiness? And here's what: We had a good, non-drinking family.
The little girl has turned into an adult girl - a hard-working, beautiful face and strict disposition. She did not stay too long with the girls, she quickly found a groom, and Philip Korchagin was a “stranger on the mountain”. The hard life of a daughter-in-law in the house of her mother-in-law began for the heroine:

The family was big
Grumpy ... got to hell with a girl's holi!

Matryona lives in harmony with her husband. He raised his hand to her only once, and even then according to the teaching of his mother and sisters.
Matrena's son Demushka was born - the only consolation in the absence of her husband. But she did not rejoice at him for long: the grumpy mother-in-law sent her to work, saying that grandfather Savely would look after her son. But he overlooked the affairs, fell asleep, exhausted by the sun, and Demushka was eaten by pigs.
But it didn’t end there, they didn’t let Matryona bury her son. They conducted an investigation, suspecting her of a shameful relationship with grandfather Saveliy and the murder of Demushka, slashed the body of the boy and. not finding anything, they gave it to their mother, distraught with grief. For a very long time Matryona could not move away from this nightmare.
She missed her parents very much, but they did not often spoil her with their arrival. Three years flew by like one day. What a year, then children. ... No time to think, no sadness.
In the fourth year, a new grief befell the heroine: her parents died. She left close people - Philip and children. But even here fate did not calm down, punishing either her children or her husband. When his son Fedotushka was eight years old, his father-in-law gave him as a shepherd. Once the shepherd left, and one sheep was dragged away by a she-wolf, judging by the bloody trail, she had just given birth. Fedot took pity on her and gave the already dead sheep he had beaten off. For this, the people in the village decided to flog him. But Matryona stood up for her son, and the landowner, passing by, decided to let the boy go, and punish his mother.
The following describes a difficult, hungry year. On top of that, Philip was taken to the soldiers out of turn. Now Matryona, who has a few days left before the new birth, is not a full-fledged hostess in the house, but a host, together with her children. One night she fervently prays in the field and, inspired by some unknown force, hurries to the city to bow to the governor. But he only meets his wife there. In practice, this woman has another son of Matryona in her arms. Elena Alexandrovna helped the heroine, returning Philip and becoming the godmother of the child, whom she herself named Liodorushka. So Matryona got her nickname - "lucky".
It was about all this that Matryona Korchagina, who is considered by the people to be the happiest woman, told the wanderers:

My feet are not trampled.
Not tied with ropes
Not pierced with needles...

That's all happiness. But stronger than all this is the “spiritual thunderstorm” that passed through the heroine. You can’t turn a wounded soul inside out and you won’t show people, and therefore for everyone she is a lucky woman, but in fact:

For a mother that has been scolded,
Like a trampled snake,
The blood of the firstborn has passed
For me insults are mortal
Gone unpaid
And the whip passed over me!

Such is the image of Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina, the governor's wife, who is known among the people as a happy woman. But is she happy? In our opinion, no, but in the opinion of a simple peasant woman of the 19th century, yes. This elevates Matryona: she does not complain about life, does not complain about difficulties. Her firmness of spirit, determination delights the reader.
The image of Matrena Timofeevna, undoubtedly one of the strongest, shows the true character of a Russian woman who

Stop a galloping horse
He will enter the burning hut.

Yasyreva Anastasia

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Slides captions:

"…To me
happiness in the girls fell out:
We had a good
Non-drinking family.
For father, for mother,
Like Christ in the bosom,
I lived
well done…”
"…Yes
no matter how I run them
And the betrothed turned up,
On the mountain - a stranger!
Philip Korchagin -
Petersburger
,
By skill
baker…”
Life before marriage
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Rus'
Chapter "Peasant Woman"
"WITH
big gray mane,
Tea, not cut for twenty years,
With a big beard
Grandpa looked like a bear
Especially from the forest
Bending down, he left.
Grandpa has an arched back, -
At first I was afraid
Like in a low hill
He entered. well straighten out?
will punch a hole
bear
In the light of the head
!»
Savely - branded
but not a slave!
"Family
was the biggest
Grumpy... I got it
From girlish holi to hell
!»
Life in a new family

Slides captions:

"How
written was
Demushka

Beauty
taken from
sunshine...
Whole
anger from the soul, my handsome
Driven away with an angelic smile,
Like the spring sun
Drives snow from the fields
...»
Birth of a child
Death
Demushki
His
death was too hard for her.
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Rus'
Chapter "Peasant Woman"
“
Keys to women's happiness
,
From
our free will
Abandoned
, lost
At
God himself!”
Life of Matrena Timofeevna
is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.
Love to
children, to your family
- this is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, so Matrena Timofeevna is ready for anything, just to protect her
kids and her husband.

Preview:

The image of Matryona Timofeevna (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'”)

Matrena Timofeevna shares her sad thoughts. She did not want to change her free life in her parents' house for life in a strange, unfamiliar family.

From the very first days in her husband's house, Matrena Timofeevna realized how hard it would be for her now. Relations with the father-in-law, mother-in-law and sister-in-law were very difficult, in the new family Matryona had to work hard, and at the same time no one said a kind word to her. However, even in such a difficult life that the peasant woman had, there were simple and simple joys. The relationship between Matryona Timofeevna and her husband did not always develop smoothly. A husband has the right to beat his wife if something does not suit him in her behavior. And no one will stand up for the poor thing, on the contrary, all relatives in the husband's family will only be happy to look at her suffering.

Matryona throws herself at the feet of a passing landowner to help save the boy from punishment. And the landowner said:

“Guardian of a minor

By youth, by stupidity

Forgive ... but a daring woman

Approximately punish!”

“The keys to female happiness,

From our free will

abandoned, lost

God himself!”

The life of Matrena Timofeevna is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.

Slides captions:

"Not
everything between men
Find a happy
Let's feel the woman
!»
“...
we don't like that
And there is in the village of Klin:
Holmogory cow,
Not a woman!
wiser
And more ironically - there is no woman.
Ask Korchagina
Matryona Timofeevna,
She is the Governor
...»
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Rus'
Chapter "Peasant Woman"
"It's not your business!
Now it's time for work
Leisure to interpret
?..
At
an ear is pouring down on us,
Not enough hands, dear."
"And what are we, godfather?
Come on sickles! All seven
How will we become tomorrow - by evening
We will burn all your rye
!...
A
give us your soul!"
"I won't hide anything!"
"Matryona
Timofeevna
portly
woman,
Wide
And
dense
Years
thirty
axles
.
beautiful
; gray hair,
Eyes
big, strict
Eyelashes
the richest
Surov
and swarthy
.
On
her shirt
white,
Yes
sundress short
,
Yes
sickle through
shoulder."
The appearance of the heroine