C reactive protein is elevated in pregnant women. CRP analysis norm in pregnant women C reactive protein norm in pregnancy

The determination of CRP is a more reliable and sensitive indicator of the inflammatory process than the calculation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), however, it rises and disappears before the ESR changes.

CRP is synthesized in the liver and is contained in the blood serum of a healthy person in minimal amounts. Serum (plasma) levels of CRP are not affected by hormones, including during pregnancy, sex, age, medication, etc.

The norm of C-reactive protein in both children and adults is less than 5 mg / l (or 0.5 mg / dl).

For CRP analysis, blood is taken from a vein in the morning, on an empty stomach. If you need to donate blood at another time, you need to refrain from eating for 4-6 hours.

The higher the concentration of CRP, the higher the severity of the inflammatory process and vice versa. That is why the measurement of its concentration is widely used to monitor and control the effectiveness of the treatment of bacterial and viral infections.

With viral infections of sluggish chronic and some systemic rheumatic diseases, CRP rises to 10-30 mg / l. The level of CRP in viral infection increases slightly, therefore, in the absence of injury, high values in serum indicate the presence of a bacterial infection, which is used to differentiate a viral infection from a bacterial one.

If neonatal sepsis is suspected, a CRP level of more than 12 mg / l is an indication for the immediate initiation of antimicrobial therapy (in some newborns, a bacterial infection may not increase CRP).

With bacterial infections, exacerbation of some chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as tissue damage (surgery, acute myocardial infarction), the highest levels of dog / l are observed.

With effective therapy, the concentration of CRP decreases the very next day, and if this does not happen, taking into account changes in CRP levels, the question of choosing another antibacterial treatment is decided.

If within 4-5 days after the operation CRP continues to remain high (or increases), this is an indication of the development of complications (pneumonia, thrombophlebitis, wound abscess).

In myocardial infarction, the protein increases 18-36 hours after the onset of the disease, decreases by the 18-20th day, and returns to normal by the 30-40th day. With recurrences of a heart attack, CRP rises again. With angina pectoris, it remains within the normal range.

An increase in the level of CRP is observed in tumors of various localizations: in cancer of the lung, prostate, stomach, ovaries and other tumors and can serve as a test for assessing tumor progression and disease recurrence.

Severe generalized infections, burns, sepsis increase CRP almost prohibitively - up to 300 g / l or more. In any disease, the addition of a bacterial infection increases CRP by more than 100 mg / l.

With successful treatment, the level of C-reactive protein decreases over the next days, usually returning to normal on days 6-10.

Everything for parents about kids

Mass media registration certificate EL No. FS issued by Roskomnadzor on 10/26/2012.

BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD

INDICATORS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD ON THE AUTOMATIC ANALYZER

Mobile application "Happy Mama" 4.7 Communicating in the application is much more convenient!

In my analysis, rfmk is positive and that's all it means. no numbers are written, but d dimer 225

In response to inflammation, injury, infection, specific substances are produced in the body - acute phase proteins. They provide complete protection for the body.

Accelerates the process of phagocytosis.
Participates in the activation of the complement system.
It affects important parts of the immune response.

The level of C-reactive protein is measured in mg / l. For research, venous blood is used. Depending on the chosen method and reagents, the results may differ in different laboratories.

As can be seen from the table, the level of CRP increases during pregnancy, which is considered the norm.

Based on the results, it is possible to determine the risk of developing pathologies of the cardiovascular system of the body.

A low probability of pathology and complications is noted at a protein concentration of 1 mg/l or less.
The average degree of risk is at a concentration of 1-3 mg / l.
High risk - at rates above 5 mg / l. In healthy people, this indicates an imminent disease of the heart and blood vessels, in those who already have a pathology of the heart - a complication of the course of the disease.

Pregnancy 20 weeks. ECO.

Ultrasound 4 days ago - everything is fine. 1st trimester screening - excellent.

She has a history of several surgeries (laparoscopies for WB). The last one is December 2011.

Other blood parameters are normal: biochemistry, rheumatic tests, urine.

Was at the appointment with the therapist and Laura - no questions were found.

In chronic - hepatitis B without clinical manifestations. Liver parameters are normal.

The cytology of a smear from the CK is normal, type 1.

The urine culture tank is sterile.

The only deviation is Buck sowing from the Central Committee - streptococcus Agalaxia 10 * 4 degrees, (at a rate of 10 * 3 degrees), lactobacilli are lowered.

Assign 2 candles Zalain with an interval of a week.

And in general, is it worth bothering?

Ureaplasma, mycoplasma - not found in the tank culture and PCR.

It plays a protective role by binding to the bacterial capsular polysaccharide of streptococcus - Streptococcus pneumoniae.

C-reactive protein is used in clinical diagnostics along with ESR as an indicator of inflammation.

In most cases, the higher the ESR, the higher the level of C-reactive protein.

ESR rises, and the level of C-reactive protein does not change with some viral infections, severe intoxication, and some forms of chronic arthritis.

Sometimes the level of C-reactive protein is measured to assess the activity of rheumatism.

The definition of RBS is used to diagnose acute infectious diseases and tumors. Also, CRP analysis is used to control the treatment process, the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy, etc.

The CRP test is most often compared to the ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Both indicators rise sharply at the onset of the disease, but CRP appears and disappears before ESR changes.

2. diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

3. graft rejection reaction;

4. malignant tumors;

5. secondary amyloidosis;

6. myocardial infarction (appears on the 2nd day of the disease, by the end of the 2nd - beginning of the 3rd week it disappears from the serum, with angina CRP is absent in the serum);

7. neonatal sepsis;

10. postoperative complications;

12. taking estrogens, oral contraceptives.

So I'm asking this question already, so to speak, to the girls who may have come across this miracle beast in practice. My doctor relates my quantitative surgical interventions to my body.

I already messed up.

How are things with the stomach? no gastritis?

It does not bind with estrogens, because. before IVF, estrogen was normal (as always, I gave it up more than once). Of the drugs now I take only progesterone (morning 200 x day)

Do you think there might be a connection?

But then again. Enough time has passed.

Thanks for your feedback.

Before IVF, both of them were shock treated with 2 courses of antibiotics. They entered IVF without ureaplasma and with clean tank crops.

As for the ENT part, there are no questions.

Cocci are such an infection, if antibiotics, then only after sowing for sensitivity to them. After Zalain's candles, I would still do the sowing and then decide.

There are selected antibiotics for sensitivity.

Good advice, I'll do it.

And I’ll also hand over the sowing from the nose and throat, as Eir_mama says.

And an ultrasound of the heart. Especially during toxicosis there was wild tachycardia and hypotension.

Yyyyy. I won’t say, there’s a paper in front of my eyes.

And I didn’t even read it properly to remember, I thought I would have a piece of paper, but I pasted it into the card and brought it. I'll be there on Monday, I'll take a picture and let you know.

oh, I confused you with ta_1.

Did you write about your protein during B?

Thanks for the feedback. I wish you and your little one health and all the best!

Quantitative C-reactive protein: 8.49 mg / l (norm up to 5.0).

Clinical examination of elderly patients.
Calculation of the degree of risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes, hypertension, severe renal failure.
Early diagnosis of strokes / pre-stroke conditions, heart attacks / pre-infarction conditions in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease.
Early detection of postoperative inflammation/complications
Monitoring/evaluation of the effectiveness of drug (statins, aspirin, etc.) prevention/treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Diagnosis of autoimmune/rheumatic diseases.
Detection of tumors, metastases.
Diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Dynamic monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment of inflammation/infection.

C-reactive protein during pregnancy

and several joints in the leg were inflamed at once.

this suggests the possibility of later preeclampsia (I am now 13 weeks) and the risk of preterm delivery. To the gynecologist only on March 10, but somehow I'm a little worried.

Pneumonia;
Dermatomyositis;
Dermatoid arthritis;
systemic lupus;
Rubella;
Measles;
Chickenpox;
Chronic inflammatory processes.

With a reactive protein elevated during pregnancy, this is an alarming signal for women, since this condition indicates negative processes. In addition, during pregnancy in women, a high rate that exceeds the norm of protein threatens with premature birth.

More than 100 women gave birth prematurely at 35-37 weeks of gestation. Scientists were interested in this fact and they sent the blood for analysis. As the results show, almost every pregnant woman who gave birth prematurely has a higher concentration, i.e.

The conclusion was made as follows: chronic, slowly occurring diseases directly affect the child's term. Their development causes premature birth.

But besides the birth of a baby at the beginning of the third trimester, during pregnancy there are more threatening reasons that the reactive protein is elevated. One of the main ones is preeclampsia, a disease in which blood pressure reaches such high levels that it can provoke a miscarriage.

What is the norm for pregnant women? Between weeks 15 and 27, a control plasma C-reactive protein test showed results ranging from 2.5 to 3.6.

On the 31st week there is a decline to 2-3.2. At the end of the third trimester before childbirth and during the birth of a child, CRP is in the range from 2 to 4.3. With such indicators, a woman can be calm for the future baby.

What do the results show for preeclampsia? For a period of 15 to 27 weeks, CRP values reached a level of 2.6 to 4.1. By the middle of pregnancy, the mark returned to 2-3.3, but in the third semester, the indicators reach from 2.5 to 5.1.

By the 16th and 17th weeks, a diagnosis is rarely made, because during this period the amount of C-reactive protein is too unstable, often jumps and can be increased.

I already messed up.

viral infections, if the rate is up to 19 mg / l;
bacterial causes when it is more than 180 mg / l.

and several joints in the leg were inflamed at once. The doctor ordered this test. The results came in today. Everything is normal except c-reactive protein. With a laboratory norm of up to 5, I have 7.5.

The therapist said that this is very bad for a pregnant woman. this suggests the possibility of later preeclampsia (I am now 13 weeks) and the risk of preterm delivery.

To the gynecologist only on March 10, but somehow I'm a little worried. Is the therapist right and such an indicator of c-reactive protein can indicate pregnancy complications?

The value and norm of c-reactive protein

Damage to the cells of any organ is accompanied by increased production of c-reactive protein by the liver. C-polysaccharide binding is one of the main functions of c-reactive protein, in addition, it is a stimulant for the production of leukocytes.

C-reactive protein in pregnant women can rise to 20 mg / liter. If other indicators in the analyzes are normal, and you feel good, then there is no reason for concern.

Analysis for c-reactive protein or ESR?

However, this is not always the case. For a reliable result, you need to donate blood for a biochemical analysis to find out the CRP value. The result of such a study is more informative compared to conventional analysis:

C-reactive protein rises already after four hours from the onset of the disease, and the ESR increases a few days after the onset of the disease;
The growth of c-reactive protein is affected by a real disease and, unlike the result of ESR, is not affected by factors such as gender, age, temperature, plasma protein levels, red blood cell count;
Analysis for c-reactive protein makes it possible to detect even small inflammatory processes.

Based on the values of c-reactive protein, as well as the ESR index, conclusions can be drawn about possible inflammation. The analysis also helps to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy when monitoring patients who have undergone surgery.

Causes of high levels of c-reactive protein during pregnancy

During inflammatory processes, the concentration of c-reactive protein indicates the severity of the disease. With a value of more than two hundred mg / l, an exacerbation of chronic diseases may be a possible cause.

The result of c-reactive protein is increased by various tissue injuries - surgical interventions, injuries. Also, the cause may be myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is the most formidable diagnosis or cardiovascular disease.

High levels of c-reactive protein from the fifth to the nineteenth week of pregnancy may indicate the risk of spontaneous abortion. With a CRP value above eight mg / l, the likelihood of preterm birth is doubled.

The presence of toxicosis can cause an increase in CRP up to twenty mg / l. Also, an increase in the level of protein in the blood serum can provoke heavy physical exertion, taking hormonal drugs. Hormonal drugs are not only contraceptives, smoking and other factors.

For a reliable diagnosis, the results of several studies are compared, which may indicate a possible inflammatory process in the body.

With a high c-reactive protein, you need to re-analyze in five to seven days. All recommendations and prescriptions of drugs are performed by the attending physician, based on the results of a complex of tests.

Preparing for sampling

A biochemical blood test determines the level of c-reactive protein. Venous blood is taken for analysis. Improper preparation for analysis can affect the value of the result, so lead the right way of life before passing it:

The last meal is allowed twelve hours before the analysis. Since the analysis is usually scheduled for the morning hours, this means that you will need to donate blood on an empty stomach;
On the eve of the study, fatty, fried, spicy or salty foods are contraindicated;
The presence of alcohol in the blood distorts the result of the analysis;
You can not drink juices, coffee, tea the day before the test. You can drink only pure non-carbonated water;
Do not smoke for at least half an hour before donating blood;
Serious physical and emotional stress shortly before donating blood will distort the data.

Scientists have established the relationship between breastfeeding Breastfeeding: feed - and no nails! girls in infancy and their c-reactive protein levels in adulthood.

So, those girls who grew up on mother's milk, at 26 years old, had an average CRP of about 2.2 milligrams per liter of plasma, and cholesterol - 4.6. In the rest of the girls, C-reactive protein at the age of 26 had an average of about four mg / l, and total cholesterol was more than five. In men, this pattern was not found.

This is another argument for breastfeeding. The study of the phenomenon continues, but today we can say that breastfeeding will have a positive impact on the health of the child, including in the long term.

Appointment and preparation for analysis

This indicator is the very first sign of infection. The protein concentration reflects the intensity of inflammation, so the control of the analysis data is important for monitoring the course of the disease.

Protein quantification is important for diagnosis. With a viral infection, the CRP index increases minimally. Therefore, at high values of protein concentration in the blood, a conclusion is made about the presence of a bacterial infection.

Elevated levels of CRP may indicate the development of the following pathologies:

bacterial infection. In this case, the values reach 100 mg / l or more (in comparison: with a viral infection, the level of CRP is up to 20 mg / l, which helps to distinguish the nature of the infection).
Sepsis in newborns. Level from 12 mg/l.
Neutropenia. In adults with CRP levels above 10 mg/l, this may be the only marker of bacterial infection.
Systemic rheumatic diseases.
Vasculitis.
Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis).
secondary amyloidosis. Associated with the development of renal complications.
Complications after surgery. High levels of CRP within 5 days after surgery indicate possible complications - wound abscess, pneumonia, thrombophlebitis.
Rejection of kidney transplants. The protein level in this case is an early indicator of rejection.
Malignant neoplasms.
Tissue necrosis (tumor necrosis of the large intestine, lungs, kidney tissues, heart muscle infarction).

The most valuable determination of C-reactive protein is considered in determining the activity of septic and rheumatic processes in case of heart failure.

Myocardial infarction is characterized by an increase in the level of CRP in the blood hours after the onset of the disease, the indicator decreases on the 20th day, and returns to normal in a day. In case of recurrence, an increase in protein concentration is noted.

The concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood is of decisive importance for the diagnosis of diseases and monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment of pathologies. Timely diagnosis will allow finding effective treatment and avoiding possible serious complications.

infectious diseases;
rheumatic manifestations;
inflammatory processes;
lung diseases;
malignant neoplasms;
cardiovascular diseases.

The level of C-reactive proteins may also increase in the postoperative period. Bacterial, fungal, infectious diseases also leave a mark on the result.

With timely and high-quality treatment, the indicator quickly returns to a stable state. In the opposite case, if the C-reactive protein remains high, this may indicate that exacerbations of the disease have occurred.

C-reactive protein is very sensitive to various neoplasms; when cancer cells appear, the amount of protein increases dramatically. Biochemical analysis - is an additional diagnostic marker for the detection of oncology.

Biochemical analysis for the detection of C-reactive protein is a reliable method for determining any changes in the body. Using this method, it is possible to identify not only inflammatory foci, but also to distinguish a viral pathogen from a bacterial one.

This analysis is prescribed for the following conditions:

people over 50;
the presence of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis;
diseases of the cardiovascular system, jumps in blood pressure;
as control over the intake of certain medications;
the presence of any neoplasms;
infectious diseases.

For reliable testimony, a preparatory stage is important, which cannot be ignored. Improper preparation can lead to distorted results.

In order for the rate of C-reactive protein to be accurate, the following rules should be observed:

Eating at least 12 hours ago, it is important to calculate this time with the doctor.
The day before the test, you must give up fried and fatty foods, alcoholic beverages, coffee and juices. One day before the analysis, you can drink only ordinary water from drinks.
Strong physical exertion, emotional instability can also distort the result.

The best time to take the test is in the morning. Following these simple recommendations, you can get a reliable result with maximum accuracy.

Rheumatism;
Infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi;
Endocarditis;
Rheumatoid arthritis;
Tuberculosis;
Pneumonia;
Peritonitis;
myocardial infarction;
malignant tumors;
Multiple myelomas.

Also, elevated C reactive protein is fixed in severe complications after surgery.

With the active development of such a disease as rheumatism, the reasons for its development are very diverse, an increased protein index is practically observed in every patient.

If the inflammatory process in rheumatism decreases, and the CRP index also drops. With myocardial infarction, an increase in the protein rate occurs hours after the onset of the disease, decreases after a week, and if the treatment is successful, by the 40th day the indicator returns to normal.

In severe forms of bacterial infections, the protein level is many times higher than the standard. With effective treatment, this indicator quickly decreases, but if it remains high, this indicates the development of complications.

Since the reactive protein is ultrasensitive to the presence of malignant tumors, this means that its amount begins to increase when cancer cells appear.

An increase in the indicator is diagnosed in lung cancer, a malignant tumor of the stomach, prostate, etc. Thus, the analysis for CRP is used as an additional oncomarker, which is designed to detect and evaluate cancers.

In addition to bacterial infections, there are other reasons for the growth of CRP. Its level increases with the development in the body:

viral infections. The content of CRP can jump up to 20 mg/l;
necrosis and tissue damage as a result of: myocardial infarction, decay of tumors, injuries, burns, frostbite;
atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Slow inflammation in their walls contributes to the development of the disease;
rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis;
polymyalgia rheumatica - chronic muscle pain;
neoplasms;
atherogenic dyslipidemia, including a triad of metabolic disorders;
arterial hypertension;
diabetes;
hormonal disorders, when the content of estrogen and progesterone exceeds the optimal number;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
viral, bacterial or tuberculous meningitis;
bronchial asthma in case of damage to the respiratory system.

An increase in the level of C-reactive protein is also possible:

in the postoperative period. Its growth signals the development of complications;
in pregnant women, when the threat of premature birth looms.

There are also subjective factors:

significant physical activity immediately before the test;
taking hormonal contraceptives;
obesity;
adherence to a diet with a significant amount of protein (most often, this applies to athletes);
depression and sleep problems;
addiction to smoking.

It should also be taken into account that there are drugs that artificially reduce the amount of C-reactive protein, which is actually elevated. These include:

anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs;
glucocorticoid hormones (glucocorticosteroids).

Separately, it is worth highlighting the reasons for the growth of C-reactive protein in children.

Its versatility lies in the roles it plays in the development of inflammatory, autoimmune, necrotic processes: in the ability to bind to many ligands, recognize foreign agents, and timely engage the body's defenses in the destruction of the "enemy".

heart, blood vessels, head, endocrine system (the temperature rises, the body “aches”, the head hurts, the heartbeat quickens). Indeed, the fever itself already indicates that the process has begun, and changes in metabolic processes in various organs and entire systems have begun in the body, due to an increase in the concentration of acute-phase markers, activation of the immune system, and a decrease in the permeability of the vascular walls.

Such properties of CRP allow it to be used as an indicator at the onset or occurrence of various inflammatory and necrotic processes, which will be the reasons for the increase in the indicator:

Bacterial and viral infections;
Acute cardiac pathology (myocardial infarction);
Oncological diseases (including metastasis of tumors);
Chronic inflammatory processes localized in various organs;
Surgical interventions (violation of tissue integrity);
Injuries and burns;
Complications of the postoperative period;
Gynecological pathology;
Generalized infection, sepsis.

It should be noted that the values of the indicator for different groups of diseases can differ significantly, for example:

If therapy is prescribed correctly, then the CRP level returns to normal in a day. When this does not happen, treatment needs to be adjusted.

In the case of an increase in the amount of CRP and the absence of signs of infection in the body, a consultation with an oncologist is necessary.

In order to make therapy more effective, it does not hurt to follow these recommendations:

work on lowering cholesterol levels;
do not forget about physical activity and maintain normal weight;
prevent the growth of sugar in the blood;
convince yourself of the dangers of smoking and alcohol, reducing their consumption to a minimum;
follow the dietary advice.

These are the standard rules for all those who want to maintain health and a high quality of life longer.

It is advisable to evaluate the concentration of C-reactive protein no earlier than two weeks after the symptoms of any acute illness or exacerbation of a chronic illness disappear.

With an increase in the amount of CRP two times or more, it is necessary to undergo an additional examination to clarify the possible causes of the onset of the inflammatory process.

The main reason for the appearance and increase in the concentration of C-reactive protein is acute inflammatory diseases, which give a multiple (up to 100 times) increase in this acute phase protein within hours from the start of the process.

CRP in the blood and a single protein molecule

getting injured;
significant burns;
carrying out surgical intervention;
organ transplants;
bypass operations;
rupture of the amniotic sac - a threat to premature birth.

The reasons for the increase in the results of CRP in the analysis include sluggish inflammation, which provokes the risk of an increase in cardiovascular pathologies. An important role is given to the exacerbation of chronic infectious diseases. Indicators are increased in the presence of:

Cushing's disease - pathology of the pituitary gland;
thromboembolism;
tuberculosis;
jade;
diabetes;
obesity;
hormonal imbalance;
atherosclerosis;
malignant neoplasms;
gynecological pathologies;
apoplexy;
lymphogranulomatosis;
viral infections;
allergies.

Elena Berezovskaya Doctor

There is a non-significant association between elevated CRP ((≥25.0 mg/L) in early pregnancy and pregnancy complications only for fetal growth retardation.

The following levels of C-reactive protein are considered normal: second trimester - 0.4 - 20.3 mg / L, third trimester - 0.4 - 8.1 mg / L. You have entered your second trimester.

Blood test for CRP and its interpretation

There are a number of indications for which an analysis for C-reactive protein is prescribed. It is necessary to pass the study regularly:

Elderly people.
Patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Individuals at high risk for atherosclerosis.
Diabetics who have a risk of developing complications against the background of the disease.
To prevent complications after surgery.

Required analysis:

With heart disease. Hypertension, coronary heart disease (ischemic heart disease) can lead to stroke, heart attack. CRP analysis helps to timely determine the development of such risks.
With collagenosis. The results of the study are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.
To determine a bacterial infection (meningitis, sepsis). In the case of a viral infection, the protein level increases slightly. Therefore, in the absence of injuries, an increase in the indicator means the presence of a bacterial infection in the body.

The researchers found a pattern - in an adult woman, CRP indicators will be lower if her mother breastfed her in childhood. In addition to inflammation, the results of the tests are affected by the use of hormonal drugs, including oral contraceptives, menopause, and excess weight.

When a biochemical analysis of a woman reveals that CRP is elevated, this may mean thyroid disease, toxicosis of pregnant women. The norm of C-reactive protein in women, when they are healthy, cannot exceed 0.49 mg / l. High values can be reduced with timely treatment.

There is a peculiarity in the male body. If the C-reactive protein for a long time keeps an indicator of more than 1.8 mg / l, then there is a high probability of developing a depressive state.

alcohol abuse;
stress;
excess weight;
taking anabolic steroids;
smoking;
increased stress - physical and emotional.

A certain degree of protein increase indicates various diseases:

up to 10 mg/l is a sign of atherosclerosis;
from 10 to 30 mg/l indicates rheumatic diseases and viral complications;
from 40 to 200 mg / l, such a high rate indicates the presence of serious pathologies in the body.

In order to find out the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood, it is necessary to pass a biochemical analysis.

In pregnant women, many indicators may deviate from the norm, and only a doctor can talk about the presence of a norm or pathology in the body.

With the introduction of a highly sensitive method into laboratory practice, it became possible to more accurately determine the concentration of C-reactive protein.

Reference values of CRP: 0.0 - 5.0 mg / l Permissible norms of C-reactive protein for women, men, children

311 comments

My ESR was 50 with low hemoglobin. And srb is normal. Exactly as written here. Correct article.

I wonder if this analysis is expensive and where can it be done?

Lena, a test for CRP can be done in almost any state. hospital or clinic, as well as in private diagnostic centers. The analysis is simple, the cost is (approximately) from 300 to 500 rubles.

Thanks for the info, I'll take a look!

its cost is 90 rubles.

we paid for the test for SBR 320.00 rubles

CRP 30, and ESR 8.2, autoimmune thyroiditis, neurodermatitis, can this cause an increase in protein?

What are you speaking about? What money? My son was done free of charge at the municipal clinic four days ago.

Biochemical blood test from a vein. And no money.

An analysis of ESR -75, CRP-13.5 was made. Diagnoses - gonarthrosis of the 3rd degree; After surgery to remove implants.

I paid 1100 rubles for the analysis of CRP

What additional tests should be done? CRP positive ESR-21

The results of your tests indicate a possible sluggish inflammatory process (Chronic tonsillitis? Autoimmune inflammation? Recent cold? Chron.

If desired, you can donate blood for a general and biochemical analysis, and then consult with a therapist. The doctor will tell you further tactics of action, if necessary. Sincerely.

Hello, tell me, please, one day my husband had lymph nodes under his arms, in the evening the temperature was 38.8. They passed the analysis of CRP-90, ESR-15.

First of all - to the therapist. The doctor will assess the patient's condition, test results (be sure to do a general blood test) and, if necessary, refer to the appropriate specialist. Sincerely. Get well.

Hello, please tell me, the CRP showed a result of 187. The doctor says tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Temperature every 6 hours 38.5-39. Can there be such an indicator of CRP with such a diagnosis?

Yes. A sufficiently high CRP in combination with a febrile temperature indicates a bacterial infection (tonsillitis, exacerbation of tonsillitis, etc.).

) But for an accurate diagnosis, an examination of the patient, a general blood test (at least), and possibly other studies are needed. Follow the recommendations of your doctor. Sincerely.

CRP-24, ESR-18. Which doctor and what could it be? A month ago CRP-8, ESR-19. I have an allergy. A year ago

surgical treatment - endometriosis node. I'm very worried.

Can an increase in CRP up to 24 and an ESR of 18 increase the inflammation of the appendages from 2 sides?

ESR (18-19) - within the physiological norm.

CRP 24 - moderate increase (not terrible).

There is a slight (non-life-threatening)) chronic inflammation, natural for all the conditions you listed: allergies, endometriosis, adnexitis.

No need to worry. But follow all the recommendations of the attending gynecologist NECESSARY (prophylactic examination - at least 1 time in six months). Recommendations: exercise therapy, a healthy lifestyle, the fight against excess weight (if any) and the complete rejection of alcohol.

This is an excellent prevention of the recurrence of endometriosis, in addition, it strengthens the immune system, removes blood stasis in the pelvic area, and contributes to the healing of the entire genital area and the body as a whole. Smile more often and be healthy)) Best regards.

Hello CRP 18 ESR 77 what could it be, which doctor should I go to.

Such changes are characteristic of a viral infection or a chronic, possibly autoimmune, inflammatory process (arthritis?). First you need to go to a therapist.

Hello. I feel great. SRP - 1.1

Maybe atherosclerosis is already progressing?

Do I need to see a doctor?

What does rheumatoid factor 1.6 mean? ESR 20? Answer, please.

Your CRP is normal. Everyone who cares about their health should consult a doctor) As part of a medical examination) Including to determine the risks of developing atherosclerosis. Sincerely.

The results of your tests correspond to the physiological norm. Rheumatoid factor (normal up to 25 IU / l) is a controversial indicator of pathology. He is not found, then suddenly found in perfectly healthy people) Yours faithfully.

Srb 56, 3 weeks ago there was an acute attack of gout with a complication in the kidneys. Now uric acid and creatinine are normal. CRP for the week increased from 10 to 56, the joints of the legs ached

hello, 1 r soe - 35, after 20 days 13, have not yet taken CRP, during the analysis there was allergic rhinitis.

Good evening. A 14-year-old daughter has been constantly developing chiri for 1.5 years. To find out the reason, they donated blood from a vein. CRP 16.51 mg / l

CRP is a marker of inflammation (any). Joints hurt - possibly arthritis - inflammation of the joints. Of course, CRP will be higher than normal. Sincerely.

During an exacerbation of allergic diseases, both ESR and CRP will be higher than normal. Treat - rhinitis! After recovery, blood counts will return to normal on their own. Sincerely.

consultation of an immunologist, gynecologist-endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, dentist, ENT doctor, therapist. A dermatologist will tell you the rules for caring for problem skin.

It is very important to optimize the girl's lifestyle: sufficient sleep, outdoor walks, sports. Sweet treats and pastries - away! Greens, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meat and poultry, clean water - in sufficient quantities. By the time everything will be fine. Sincerely.

Hello Donated blood srb 84 soy 40 had a little cold

The test results indicate an acute infectious-inflammatory process. Cold? Maybe. Donate blood a week after the final recovery.

Hello, two weeks ago I got sick, body aches and a temperature of 38-39g and increased cervical, suprakey. lymph nodes (according to ultrasound-conglomerate). Then purulent sores appeared in the mouth.

They connected an antibiotic and an antiviral pr-t. The temperature subsided better, but my knees got terribly sore (I couldn’t walk for 2 days, now it’s better).

Draining of lymph nodes into conglomerates is the result of a long-term inflammatory process, which (judging by the high levels of inflammation markers) you still have.

Lymphadenopathy is a manifestation of many diseases: from banal viral infections to autoimmune, endocrine or other pathologies. It is important to exclude blood diseases here.

temperature rise;
slight chills;
periodic cough and shortness of breath;
increased general sweating;
in the general blood test, an increase in ESR and the number of leukocytes is recorded.

The doctor ordered this test. The results came in today. Everything is normal except c-reactive protein. With a laboratory norm of up to 5, I have 7.5. The therapist said that this is very bad for a pregnant woman. this suggests the possibility of later preeclampsia (I am now 13 weeks) and the risk of preterm delivery. To the gynecologist only on March 10, but somehow I'm a little worried. Is the therapist right and such an indicator of c-reactive protein can indicate pregnancy complications?

Julia Titova

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Elena Berezovskaya Doctor

Between elevated CRP ((≥25.0 mg / L) in early pregnancy and pregnancy complications, there is an insignificant relationship only in relation to fetal growth retardation. However, this relationship was noted more often in the group of women with bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol), obesity and other diseases.

The following levels of C-reactive protein are considered normal: second trimester - 0.4 - 20.3 mg / L, third trimester - 0.4 - 8.1 mg / L. You have entered your second trimester.

Normal values and causes of an increase in c-reactive protein

In response to inflammation, injury, infection, specific substances are produced in the body - acute phase proteins. They provide complete protection for the body. The main marker of inflammation in the body is C-reactive protein, which stimulates immune responses in the body:

Accelerates the process of phagocytosis.
Participates in the activation of the complement system.
It affects important parts of the immune response.

What is SRP

C-reactive protein (CRP, C-reactive protein, CRP) got its name for its ability to bind and precipitate pneumococcal C-polysaccharide - one of the mechanisms of protection against infection at an early stage.

CRP is synthesized by liver cells (hepatocytes) in response to the appearance of antigens, immune complexes, bacteria in the body after injury or infection. The protein consists of 5 separate subunits, which are combined into a pentameric structure through covalent bonds.

In the absence of inflammation, the protein is present in the body in minimal quantities. After the onset of the inflammation process, an increase in the concentration of CRP is noted already after 6-12 hours, peak values are observed after an hour. The protein level returns to normal within 5 days after the onset of inflammation or its termination.

This indicates a high sensitivity of the protein to inflammatory processes in the body. CRP (unlike ESR) is not affected by physiological processes unrelated to inflammation. Therefore, the determination of CRP is the most reliable and sensitive indicator.

According to the results of the study, one can judge how advanced the disease is. The highest concentrations of CRP indicate:

There are a number of indications for which an analysis for C-reactive protein is prescribed. It is necessary to pass the study regularly:

Elderly people.
Patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Individuals at high risk for atherosclerosis.
Diabetics who have a risk of developing complications against the background of the disease.
To prevent complications after surgery.

Required analysis:

With heart disease. Hypertension, coronary heart disease (ischemic heart disease) can lead to stroke, heart attack. CRP analysis helps to timely determine the development of such risks.
With collagenosis. The results of the study are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.
To determine a bacterial infection (meningitis, sepsis). In the case of a viral infection, the protein level increases slightly. Therefore, in the absence of injuries, an increase in the indicator means the presence of a bacterial infection in the body.

Norm

The level of C-reactive protein is measured in mg / l. For research, venous blood is used. Depending on the chosen method and reagents, the results may differ in different laboratories. Therefore, it is necessary to draw conclusions about a possible increase in the indicator based on data from one laboratory.

As can be seen from the table, the level of CRP increases during pregnancy, which is considered the norm.

Based on the results, it is possible to determine the risk of developing pathologies of the cardiovascular system of the body.

A low probability of pathology and complications is noted at a protein concentration of 1 mg/l or less.
The average degree of risk is at a concentration of 1-3 mg / l.
High risk - at rates above 5 mg / l. In healthy people, this indicates an imminent disease of the heart and blood vessels, in those who already have a pathology of the heart - a complication of the course of the disease.

Reasons for the increase and possible consequences

An increase in the concentration of protein in the blood is noted after 6-8 hours from the onset of the development of the inflammatory process in the body. Within an hour, the level can rise by 20 or more times in comparison with the norm. This indicator is the very first sign of infection. The protein concentration reflects the intensity of inflammation, so the control of the analysis data is important for monitoring the course of the disease. With the transition of the disease to the stage of a chronic course, the value of CRP decreases to normal values, increasing sharply with an exacerbation of the pathology.

Protein quantification is important for diagnosis. With a viral infection, the CRP index increases minimally. Therefore, at high values of protein concentration in the blood, a conclusion is made about the presence of a bacterial infection.

Elevated levels of CRP may indicate the development of the following pathologies:

bacterial infection. In this case, the values reach 100 mg / l or more (in comparison: with a viral infection, the level of CRP is up to 20 mg / l, which helps to distinguish the nature of the infection).
Sepsis in newborns. Level from 12 mg/l.
Neutropenia. In adults with CRP levels above 10 mg/l, this may be the only marker of bacterial infection.
Systemic rheumatic diseases.
Vasculitis.
Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis).
secondary amyloidosis. Associated with the development of renal complications.
Complications after surgery. High levels of CRP within 5 days after surgery indicate possible complications - wound abscess, pneumonia, thrombophlebitis.
Rejection of kidney transplants. The protein level in this case is an early indicator of rejection.
Malignant neoplasms.
Tissue necrosis (tumor necrosis of the large intestine, lungs, kidney tissues, heart muscle infarction).

The most valuable determination of C-reactive protein is considered in determining the activity of septic and rheumatic processes in case of heart failure. Myocardial infarction is characterized by an increase in the level of CRP in the blood hours after the onset of the disease, the indicator decreases on the 20th day, and returns to normal in a day. In case of recurrence, an increase in protein concentration is noted.

An increase in the level of CRP in a small range (up to 10 mg/l) in a healthy person is an indicator of an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, and the first heart attack. The risk of complications of the cardiovascular system in a person with an elevated level of CRP increases with increased values:

C-reactive protein during pregnancy

Pregnancy 20 weeks. ECO.

Ultrasound 4 days ago - everything is fine. 1st trimester screening - excellent.

She has a history of several surgeries (laparoscopies for WB). The last one is December 2011.

Other blood parameters are normal: biochemistry, rheumatic tests, urine.

Was at the appointment with the therapist and Laura - no questions were found.

In chronic - hepatitis B without clinical manifestations. Liver parameters are normal.

The cytology of a smear from the CK is normal, type 1.

The urine culture tank is sterile.

The only deviation is Buck sowing from the Central Committee - streptococcus Agalaxia 10 * 4 degrees, (at a rate of 10 * 3 degrees), lactobacilli are lowered.

Assign 2 candles Zalain with an interval of a week.

And in general, is it worth bothering?

Ureaplasma, mycoplasma - not found in the tank culture and PCR.

It plays a protective role by binding to the bacterial capsular polysaccharide of streptococcus - Streptococcus pneumoniae.

C-reactive protein is used in clinical diagnostics along with ESR as an indicator of inflammation.

In most cases, the higher the ESR, the higher the level of C-reactive protein.

The following cases are an exception:

ESR rises, and the level of C-reactive protein does not change with some viral infections, severe intoxication, and some forms of chronic arthritis. In these cases, the level of C-reactive protein is a less informative indicator than the ESR.

Sometimes the level of C-reactive protein is measured to assess the activity of rheumatism.

The definition of RBS is used to diagnose acute infectious diseases and tumors. Also, CRP analysis is used to control the treatment process, the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy, etc.

The CRP test is most often compared to the ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Both indicators rise sharply at the onset of the disease, but CRP appears and disappears before ESR changes.

2. diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

3. graft rejection reaction;

4. malignant tumors;

5. secondary amyloidosis;

6. myocardial infarction (appears on the 2nd day of the disease, by the end of the 2nd - beginning of the 3rd week it disappears from the serum, with angina CRP is absent in the serum);

7. neonatal sepsis;

10. postoperative complications;

12. taking estrogens, oral contraceptives.

C-reactive protein (CRP)

C-reactive protein appears during the acute period of the disease, therefore it is sometimes called acute phase protein (APP). With the transition to the chronic phase of the disease, C-reactive protein disappears from the blood and reappears during an exacerbation of the process. The appearance of this protein is the earliest sign of the disease. C-reactive protein stimulates protective reactions, activates the immune system.

C-reactive protein normal

CRP is synthesized in the liver and is contained in the blood serum of a healthy person in minimal amounts. Serum (plasma) levels of CRP are not affected by hormones, including during pregnancy, sex, age, medication, etc.

The norm of C-reactive protein in both children and adults is less than 5 mg / l (or 0.5 mg / dl).

For CRP analysis, blood is taken from a vein in the morning, on an empty stomach. If you need to donate blood at another time, you need to refrain from eating for 4-6 hours.

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Causes of an increase in C-reactive protein

C-reactive protein is elevated

During inflammation, the concentration of CRP in the blood plasma increases very quickly (in the first 6-8 hours) and very significantly by 10–100 times, and there is a direct relationship between the change in the level of CRP and the severity and dynamics of the clinical manifestations of inflammation. The higher the concentration of CRP, the higher the severity of the inflammatory process and vice versa. That is why the measurement of its concentration is widely used to monitor and control the effectiveness of the treatment of bacterial and viral infections.

Different causes of inflammation increase CRP levels in different ways:

With viral infections of sluggish chronic and some systemic rheumatic diseases, CRP rises to 10-30 mg / l. The level of CRP in viral infection increases slightly, therefore, in the absence of injury, high values in serum indicate the presence of a bacterial infection, which is used to differentiate a viral infection from a bacterial one.

With bacterial infections, exacerbation of some chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as tissue damage (surgery, acute myocardial infarction), the highest levels of dog / l are observed. With effective therapy, the concentration of CRP decreases the very next day, and if this does not happen, taking into account changes in CRP levels, the question of choosing another antibacterial treatment is decided. If within 4-5 days after the operation CRP continues to remain high (or increases), this is an indication of the development of complications (pneumonia, thrombophlebitis, wound abscess). After the operation, the level of CRP will be the higher, the more difficult the past operation, the more traumatic it is.

Severe generalized infections, burns, sepsis increase CRP almost prohibitively - up to 300 g / l or more. In any disease, the addition of a bacterial infection increases CRP by more than 100 mg / l.

With successful treatment, the level of C-reactive protein decreases over the next days, usually returning to normal on days 6-10.

Norm C reactive protein during pregnancy

C - reactive protein during pregnancy is a diagnostic marker that may indicate the presence of inflammatory processes in the body. Pregnancy is an important period in a woman's life, which is monitored by a gynecologist, according to his appointment, a number of tests are taken. Thanks to regular examinations, you can get a qualitative picture of the course of pregnancy.

During pregnancy, it is important to pay attention to the results of this analysis. Thanks to timely diagnostics, you can find out all the subtleties of the process.

Norm of C-reactive protein

The human body is a mechanism in which all vital systems work harmoniously. Many factors influence its performance. During pregnancy, the performance of the female body increases, due to the development of the fetus, many systems work in a special way.

C is a reactive protein, this is the main indicator of any changes at the cellular level. The presence of protein can indicate a number of diseases that occur in the body. The rate of C-reactive protein should not exceed 0.5 mg / l. This protein reacts sharply to the presence of the causative agent of the disease, and after 2 to 4 hours, its indicators may change. During pregnancy, there are protein indicators, its level can rise to 3 mg / l, and this will be considered the norm.

A certain degree of protein increase indicates various diseases:

up to 10 mg/l is a sign of atherosclerosis;
from 10 to 30 mg/l indicates rheumatic diseases and viral complications;
from 40 to 200 mg / l, such a high rate indicates the presence of serious pathologies in the body.

In order to find out the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood, it is necessary to pass a biochemical analysis.

In pregnant women, many indicators may deviate from the norm, and only a doctor can talk about the presence of a norm or pathology in the body.

Causes of high levels of C-reactive protein

A biochemical blood test is a reliable indicator of ongoing changes in the human body.

Fluctuating c-reactive protein levels are affected by many factors, the most common being:

infectious diseases;
rheumatic manifestations;
inflammatory processes;
lung diseases;
malignant neoplasms;
cardiovascular diseases.

The level of C-reactive proteins may also increase in the postoperative period. Bacterial, fungal, infectious diseases also leave a mark on the result. With timely and high-quality treatment, the indicator quickly returns to a stable state. In the opposite case, if the C-reactive protein remains high, this may indicate that exacerbations of the disease have occurred.

C-reactive protein is very sensitive to various neoplasms; when cancer cells appear, the amount of protein increases dramatically. Biochemical analysis - is an additional diagnostic marker for the detection of oncology.

How to influence the level of C-reactive protein

The norm of C-reactive protein is an indicator of health. This enzyme reacts sharply already at the initial stages of any disease. But it also depends on secondary factors that can be adjusted independently. In order to normalize the protein index, the root cause, that is, the pathogen, must be eliminated.

Compliance with the basic rules of nutrition. Pregnant women are deficient in potassium and magnesium, and to replenish it, you need to eat more fruits and vegetables. Also, in many cases, the doctor prescribes a vitamin complex that contains the necessary daily dose of all elements.
The level of cholesterol is an important indicator that needs constant monitoring. During pregnancy, fatty foods should be avoided to avoid unpleasant consequences.
Controlling your weight is always important, but during pregnancy this topic becomes especially relevant. Excess weight can negatively affect self-perception and health.

Pay attention to your blood sugar levels. Sharp jumps in sugar in pregnant women are possible throughout the entire period of bearing a child. This is an important indicator for the detection of many diseases and abnormalities.
Control blood pressure. The pressure in pregnant women changes quite often, which is why it is so important to visit a doctor regularly for examination and examination.
To refuse from bad habits. During such an important period, you should give up smoking and alcohol, such habits can cause irreparable harm to the child's body.

Appointment and preparation for analysis

This analysis is prescribed for the following conditions:

people over 50;
the presence of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis;
diseases of the cardiovascular system, jumps in blood pressure;
as control over the intake of certain medications;
the presence of any neoplasms;
infectious diseases.

For reliable testimony, a preparatory stage is important, which cannot be ignored. Improper preparation can lead to distorted results.

In order for the rate of C-reactive protein to be accurate, the following rules should be observed:

Eating at least 12 hours ago, it is important to calculate this time with the doctor.
The day before the test, you must give up fried and fatty foods, alcoholic beverages, coffee and juices. One day before the analysis, you can drink only ordinary water from drinks.
Strong physical exertion, emotional instability can also distort the result.

The best time to take the test is in the morning. Following these simple recommendations, you can get a reliable result with maximum accuracy.

C-reactive protein

Many components of the body directly reflect the state of human health. C reactive protein is a substance that is a natural constituent of blood plasma. It was discovered in the 30s of the last century and included in the group of proteins that react sharply to the changed state of the body. Today, C reactive protein is the most important indicator of inflammatory reactions and infections, since it is quickly produced in the liver and instantly reacts to negative processes. Thanks to such an ultra-sensitive substance as C reactive protein, it is possible to quickly identify the pathology and begin timely treatment.

What is c reactive protein

When there is an increase in the rate of SBR and its causes

As mentioned above, C reactive protein in the blood shows the presence of serious disorders in the body, and is an indicator of the acute stage of the disease. The main reasons that affect its increase are the following diseases:

Rheumatism;
Infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi;
Endocarditis;
Rheumatoid arthritis;
Tuberculosis;
Pneumonia;
Peritonitis;
myocardial infarction;
malignant tumors;
Multiple myelomas.

Also, elevated C reactive protein is fixed in severe complications after surgery.

With the active development of such a disease as rheumatism, the reasons for its development are very diverse, an increased protein index is practically observed in every patient. If the inflammatory process in rheumatism decreases, and the CRP index also drops. With myocardial infarction, an increase in the protein rate occurs hours after the onset of the disease, decreases after a week, and if the treatment is successful, by the 40th day the indicator returns to normal.

In severe forms of bacterial infections, the protein level is many times higher than the standard. With effective treatment, this indicator quickly decreases, but if it remains high, this indicates the development of complications. Since the reactive protein is ultrasensitive to the presence of malignant tumors, this means that its amount begins to increase when cancer cells appear. An increase in the indicator is diagnosed in lung cancer, a malignant tumor of the stomach, prostate, etc. Thus, the analysis for CRP is used as an additional oncomarker, which is designed to detect and evaluate cancers.

RBS in children and during pregnancy in women

The norm of this substance in a child should also be no more than 5 mg / l, if during the analysis the indicator is higher, then this indicates the onset of the disease. In a newborn child with an increased level of protein, there is a suspicion of sepsis. In this case, antibiotic treatment is immediately carried out. Often, an analysis in which an excess protein norm in a child indicates the presence of such pathologies:

Pneumonia;
Dermatomyositis;
Dermatoid arthritis;
systemic lupus;
Rubella;
Measles;
Chickenpox;
Chronic inflammatory processes.

With a reactive protein elevated during pregnancy, this is an alarming signal for women, since this condition indicates negative processes. In addition, during pregnancy in women, a high rate that exceeds the norm of protein threatens with premature birth.

Blood test for CRP and its interpretation

A blood test for C reactive protein is a quick and high-quality method that helps to detect inflammation in a timely manner, as well as distinguish a viral infection from a bacterial or fungal one. The main indications for analysis are:

advanced age;
Diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis;
Ischemic heart disease and hypertension;
Control of patients taking acetylsalicylic acid preparations and statins;
Collagenosis;
Various kinds of neoplasms;
Infectious pathologies;
Treatment of certain chronic diseases.

This test involves taking blood from a vein. To achieve a better result before the examination, it is necessary to adhere to some rules:

Eliminate heavy physical activity for a few days.
On the eve of the analysis, do not eat fatty and fried foods, alcohol.
Before donating blood, you can not drink coffee, strong tea, juice, only non-carbonated water is allowed.
Smoking is prohibited half an hour before the examination.

It should be remembered that only a specialist can decipher the analysis, and, if necessary, prescribe treatment. Normally, the analysis for C reactive protein is negative. If the indicator is slightly exceeded from 1 to 3 mg / l, then there is a risk of developing certain diseases and complications, with an increased CRP of 10 mg / l, additional procedures are prescribed and the cause of the disease is determined.

You need to know that the following factors can affect the results of the survey:

Taking hormonal drugs;
contraceptives;
Smoking;
Too high physical activity;
Pregnancy;
Use of non-steroidal, corticosteroid substances.

It is possible to lower the level of C reactive protein only by eliminating the cause of its increase. It is also desirable to constantly adhere to a diet, lead an active lifestyle, monitor weight, give up bad habits.

Increased C-reactive protein in the blood

There is a protein in blood plasma called C-reactive (CRP). It responds most quickly to the appearance of inflammatory processes. The protein belongs to the acute phase glycoproteins. Its concentration rises sharply when tissues are damaged in the body.

CRP is the dominant protein that activates the immune system to respond to tissue damage (muscle, nerve or epithelial). Therefore, the level of CRP along with ESR is used in diagnostics as an indicator of inflammation.

In violation of the structure and integrity of tissues, an inflammatory process is triggered. White blood cells begin to secrete interleukins, which are part of the immune system. They stimulate the synthesis of CRP in the liver. Further, the protein performs the following functions:

CRP attaches to the surface of pathogens, as if marking them. Pathogens become more "visible" to the immune system.
Thanks to the C-reactive protein, its successive reactions are launched, contributing to the fastest elimination of the pathogen.
In the focus of inflammation, CRP binds to decay products and protects the body from their negative effects. Thus, phagocytosis is activated - the process of absorption and elimination of pathogens.

Four hours after the onset of inflammation, the concentration of CRP increases several times. And after two days, CRP exceeds the norm by one thousand times.

The results of the analysis tell the doctor in time whether it is necessary to prescribe antibiotics. If CRP is elevated, then the answer is yes. Otherwise, these drugs are not used.

Causes of an increase in C-reactive protein

The highest CRP is observed with the penetration of bacterial infections. When they invade the body, the protein content increases tenfold. At a rate of 5 mg / l, its amount can jump up to 100 mg / liter.

In addition to bacterial infections, there are other reasons for the growth of CRP. Its level increases with the development in the body:

viral infections. The content of CRP can jump up to 20 mg/l;
necrosis and tissue damage as a result of: myocardial infarction, decay of tumors, injuries, burns, frostbite;
atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Slow inflammation in their walls contributes to the development of the disease;
rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis;
polymyalgia rheumatica - chronic muscle pain;
neoplasms;
atherogenic dyslipidemia, including a triad of metabolic disorders;
arterial hypertension;
diabetes;
hormonal disorders, when the content of estrogen and progesterone exceeds the optimal number;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
viral, bacterial or tuberculous meningitis;
bronchial asthma in case of damage to the respiratory system.

An increase in the level of C-reactive protein is also possible:

in the postoperative period. Its growth signals the development of complications;
in pregnant women, when the threat of premature birth looms.

There are also subjective factors:

significant physical activity immediately before the test;
taking hormonal contraceptives;
obesity;
adherence to a diet with a significant amount of protein (most often, this applies to athletes);
depression and sleep problems;
addiction to smoking.

It should also be taken into account that there are drugs that artificially reduce the amount of C-reactive protein, which is actually elevated. These include:

anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs;
glucocorticoid hormones (glucocorticosteroids).

Separately, it is worth highlighting the reasons for the growth of C-reactive protein in children.

Features of increased C-reactive protein in children

In a baby who has just been born, the amount of C-reactive protein may not increase even with sepsis. The reason lies in the fact that the liver of the crumbs is not yet working at full capacity.

When an increase in CRP is nevertheless recorded in the blood of infants, antimicrobial treatment should be carried out immediately.

Sometimes an increase in the concentration of this type of protein may be the only sign of infection entering the child's body after any surgical intervention.

The level of CRP increases with the development of such childhood ailments:

The amount of CRP jumps up in the first days of the disease, when the child is feverish from a change in body temperature. After recovery, the protein concentration also quickly decreases to a normal level.

Signs of elevated C-reactive protein and test indications

The following indirect symptoms indicate an increase in the level of CRP:

temperature rise;
slight chills;
periodic cough and shortness of breath;
increased general sweating;
in the general blood test, an increase in ESR and the number of leukocytes is recorded.

More recently, a C-reactive protein test has been prescribed in order to reveal hidden inflammatory processes. Today, it can be used to assess the risk of cardiovascular diseases in people who are practically healthy. First of all, this applies to elderly patients.

The main indications for the study are as follows:

To ensure the reliability of the results, the test is carried out in the morning. In addition, you should not eat 12 hours before the procedure, temporarily give up physical activity and avoid stress.

Having fixed an increased level of protein and excluding the influence of subjective factors on the indicator, the doctor determines the therapy.

Taking drugs can blur the reliability of the obtained data on the level of CRP. To ensure the accuracy of the results, the test must be done again after fourteen days.

C-reactive protein elevated: therapy

An increased amount of CRP is not a disease, but an indirect sign of a possible pathology. Its exact name is determined by the doctor after an additional examination. It is the identified ailment that needs to be treated.

If therapy is prescribed correctly, then the CRP level returns to normal in a day. When this does not happen, treatment needs to be adjusted.

In the case of an increase in the amount of CRP and the absence of signs of infection in the body, a consultation with an oncologist is necessary.

In order to make therapy more effective, it does not hurt to follow these recommendations:

work on lowering cholesterol levels;
do not forget about physical activity and maintain normal weight;
prevent the growth of sugar in the blood;
convince yourself of the dangers of smoking and alcohol, reducing their consumption to a minimum;
follow the dietary advice.

These are the standard rules for all those who want to maintain health and a high quality of life longer.

It is advisable to evaluate the concentration of C-reactive protein no earlier than two weeks after the symptoms of any acute illness or exacerbation of a chronic illness disappear. With an increase in the amount of CRP two times or more, it is necessary to undergo an additional examination to clarify the possible causes of the onset of the inflammatory process.

C-reactive protein in the blood: the norm in the tests, why it rises, the role in diagnosis

C-reactive protein (CRP, C-Reactives protein - CRP) is a rather old laboratory test, which, like ESR, shows that there is an acute inflammatory process in the body. CRP cannot be detected by conventional methods; in a biochemical blood test, an increase in its concentration is manifested by an increase in α-globulins, which it, along with other acute-phase proteins, represents.

The main reason for the appearance and increase in the concentration of C-reactive protein is acute inflammatory diseases, which give a multiple (up to 100 times) increase in this acute phase protein within hours from the start of the process.

CRP in the blood and a single protein molecule

In addition to the high sensitivity of CRP to various events occurring in the body, changes for better or worse, it responds well to therapeutic measures, so it can be used to control the course and treat various pathological conditions accompanied by an increase in this indicator. All this explains the high interest of clinicians, who called this acute phase protein a “gold marker” and designated it as a central component of the acute phase of the inflammatory process. However, the detection of CRP in the patient's blood at the end of the last century was associated with certain difficulties.

Problems of the last century

The detection of C-reactive protein until the end of the last century was problematic, due to the fact that CRP was not amenable to traditional laboratory tests that make up a biochemical blood test. The semi-quantitative method of capillary ring precipitation using antiserum was rather qualitative, as it was expressed in "pluses" depending on the amount (in millimeters) of precipitated flakes (precipitates). The biggest drawback of the analysis was the time spent on obtaining the results - the answer was ready only after a day and could have the following values:

No sediment - the result is negative;
1mm sediment - + (weakly positive reaction);
2 mm - ++ (positive reaction);
3mm - +++ (very positive);
4 mm - ++++ (strongly positive reaction).

Of course, waiting for such an important analysis for 24 hours was extremely inconvenient, because in a day a lot could change in the patient's condition and often not for the better, so doctors most often had to rely primarily on ESR. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which is also a non-specific indicator of inflammation, unlike CRP, was determined in an hour.

Currently, the described laboratory criterion is valued higher than both ESR and leukocytes - indicators of a general blood test. C-reactive protein, which appears before the increase in ESR, disappears as soon as the process subsides or the treatment has its effect (after 1–1.5 weeks), while the erythrocyte sedimentation rate will be above normal values even up to a month.

How is CRP determined in the laboratory and what do cardiologists need?

C-reactive protein is one of the very important diagnostic criteria, so the development of new methods for its determination has never faded into the background, and at present, tests to detect CRP have ceased to be a problem.

C-reactive protein, which is not included in a biochemical blood test, is easy to determine with latex test kits based on latex agglutination (qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis). Thanks to this technique, even half an hour will not pass, as the answer, which is so important to the doctor, will be ready. Such a rapid study has proven itself as the very initial stage of the diagnostic search for acute conditions, the technique correlates well with turbidimetric and nephelometric methods, therefore it is suitable not only for screening, but also for the final decision regarding the diagnosis and choice of treatment tactics.

The concentration of this laboratory indicator is recognized using highly sensitive latex-enhanced turbidimetry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay methods.

It should be noted that the described criterion is often used to diagnose pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system, where CRP helps to identify possible risks of complications, monitor the course of the process and the effectiveness of the measures taken. It is known that CRP itself is involved in the formation of atherosclerosis, even at relatively low values of the indicator (we will return to the question of how this happens). To solve such problems, traditional methods of laboratory diagnostics of cardiologists do not satisfy, therefore, in these cases, high-precision measurement of hsCRP in combination with a lipid spectrum is used.

In addition, this analysis is used to calculate the risk of developing cardiovascular pathology in diabetes mellitus, diseases of the excretory system, and unfavorable pregnancy.

SRP norm? One for all, but...

In the blood of a healthy person, the level of CRP is very low or this protein is completely absent (in a laboratory study, but this does not mean that it does not exist at all - the test simply does not capture scanty amounts).

The following limits of values are accepted as the norm, and they do not depend on age and gender: in children, men and women, it is one - up to 5 mg / l, the only exception is newborn children - they are allowed to have up to 15 mg / l of this acute phase protein (as evidenced by the reference literature). However, the situation changes when sepsis is suspected: neonatologists begin urgent measures (antibiotic therapy) when the child's CRP rises to 12 mg/l, while doctors note that a bacterial infection in the first days of life may not give a sharp increase in this protein.

A laboratory test is prescribed to detect C-Reactives protein in the case of many pathological conditions accompanied by inflammation, the cause of which was an infection or destruction of the normal structure (destruction) of tissues:

Acute period of various inflammatory processes;
Activation of chronic inflammatory diseases;
Infections of viral and bacterial origin;
Allergic reactions of the body;
Active phase of rheumatism;
Myocardial infarction.

In order to better understand the diagnostic value of this analysis, it is necessary to understand what acute phase proteins are, to learn about the reasons for their appearance in the patient's blood, and to consider in more detail the mechanism of immunological reactions in an acute inflammatory process. Which is what we will try to do in the next section.

How and why does C-reactive protein appear during inflammation?

CRP and its binding to the cell membrane in case of its damage (for example, during inflammation)

CRP, participating in acute immunological processes, promote phagocytosis at the first stage of the body's response (cellular immunity) and are one of the key components of the second phase of the immune response - humoral immunity. It happens like this:

The destruction of cell membranes by a pathogen or other factor leads to the destruction of the cells themselves, which does not go unnoticed by the body. Signals sent from the pathogen or from leukocytes located near the site of the “accident” attract phagocytic elements to the affected area, capable of absorbing and digesting particles foreign to the body (bacteria and the remains of dead cells).
The local response to the removal of dead cells causes an inflammatory response. Neutrophils with the highest phagocytic ability rush to the scene from the peripheral blood. A little later, monocytes (macrophages) arrive there to help with the formation of mediators that stimulate the production of acute phase proteins (CRP), if necessary, and to perform the function of a kind of “wipers” when it is necessary to “clean up” the focus of inflammation (macrophages are able to absorb particles larger than themselves).
In order to carry out the processes of absorption and digestion of foreign factors in the focus of inflammation, the production of own proteins (C-reactive protein and other acute phase proteins) is stimulated, which are able to withstand an invisible enemy, enhancing the phagocytic activity of leukocyte cells by their appearance and attracting new components of immunity to fight infection . The role of inducers of this stimulation is taken by substances (mediators) synthesized by macrophages "ready for battle" located in the focus and arriving in the inflammation zone. In addition, other regulators of the synthesis of acute-phase proteins (cytokines, glucocorticoids, anaphylotoxins, mediators formed by activated lymphocytes) also participate in the formation of CRP. CRP is produced mainly by liver cells (hepatocytes).
Macrophages, after performing the main tasks in the area of inflammation, leaving, capture the foreign antigen and go to the lymph nodes to present it (antigen presentation) to immunocompetent cells - T-lymphocytes (helpers), which recognize it and give the command to B-cells to start antibody production (humoral immunity). In the presence of C-reactive protein, the activity of lymphocytes with cytotoxic abilities increases markedly. From the beginning of the process and at all its stages, CRP itself is actively involved in the recognition and presentation of the antigen, which is possible due to other factors of immunity with which it is in close relationship.
In less than half a day (up to approximately 12 hours) from the onset of cell destruction, the concentration of serum C-reactive protein will increase many times over. This gives reason to consider it one of the two main proteins of the acute phase (the second is serum amyloid protein A), which have the main anti-inflammatory and protective functions (other acute phase proteins perform mainly regulatory tasks during inflammation).

Thus, an elevated level of CRP indicates the onset of an infectious process at a very early stage of its development, and the use of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, on the contrary, reduces its concentration, which makes it possible to give this laboratory parameter a special diagnostic significance, calling it the "gold marker" of clinical laboratory diagnostics.

Cause and investigation

Due to the qualities that ensure the performance of numerous functions, C-reactive protein has been nicknamed the "two-faced Janus" by the researcher-wit. The nickname turned out to be apt for a protein that performs a lot of tasks in the body. Its versatility lies in the roles it plays in the development of inflammatory, autoimmune, necrotic processes: in the ability to bind to many ligands, recognize foreign agents, and timely engage the body's defenses in the destruction of the "enemy".

Probably, each of us has ever experienced an acute phase of an inflammatory disease, where the central place is given to C-reactive protein. Even without knowing all the mechanisms of CRP formation, one can independently suspect that the whole organism is involved in the process: the heart, blood vessels, head, endocrine system (the temperature rises, the body “aches”, the head hurts, the heartbeat quickens). Indeed, the fever itself already indicates that the process has begun, and changes in metabolic processes in various organs and entire systems have begun in the body, due to an increase in the concentration of acute-phase markers, activation of the immune system, and a decrease in the permeability of the vascular walls. These events are not visible to the eye, but are determined using laboratory parameters (CRP, ESR).

C-reactive protein will be increased already in the first 6-8 hours from the onset of the disease, and its values will correspond to the severity of the process (the more severe the course, the higher the CRP). Such properties of CRP allow it to be used as an indicator at the onset or occurrence of various inflammatory and necrotic processes, which will be the reasons for the increase in the indicator:

Bacterial and viral infections;
Acute cardiac pathology (myocardial infarction);
Oncological diseases (including metastasis of tumors);
Chronic inflammatory processes localized in various organs;
Surgical interventions (violation of tissue integrity);
Injuries and burns;
Complications of the postoperative period;
Gynecological pathology;
Generalized infection, sepsis.

Elevated CRP often occurs with:

It should be noted that the values of the indicator for different groups of diseases can differ significantly, for example:

Viral infection, tumor metastases, rheumatic diseases that proceed sluggishly, without severe symptoms, give a moderate increase in the concentration of CRP - up to 30 mg / l;
Exacerbation of chronic inflammatory processes, infections caused by bacterial flora, surgical interventions, acute myocardial infarction can increase the level of the acute-phase marker by 20 or even 40 times, but in most cases, such conditions can be expected to increase in concentration to 40-100 mg / l ;
Severe generalized infections, extensive burns, septic conditions can very unpleasantly surprise clinicians with numbers indicating the content of C-reactive protein, they can reach exorbitant values (300 mg / l and much higher).

And one more thing: not having the desire to scare anyone, I would like to raise a very important issue regarding the increased amount of CRP in healthy people. A high concentration of C-reactive protein with external complete well-being and the absence of signs of at least some kind of pathology suggests the development of an oncological process. Such patients should undergo a thorough examination!

but on the other hand

In general, in terms of its properties and abilities, CRP is very similar to immunoglobulins: it “can distinguish between “self-foe”, bind to the components of a bacterial cell, to ligands of the complement system, and nuclear antigens. But to date, two types of C-reactive protein are known and how they differ from each other, thereby adding new functions of C-Reactives protein, can show a good example:

The native (pentameric) acute phase protein, discovered in 1930 and consisting of 5 interconnected circular subunits located on the same surface (therefore, it was called pentameric and assigned to the pentraxin family) is the CRP that we know and talk about. Pentraxins consist of two sections responsible for certain tasks: one recognizes a “stranger”, for example, an antigen of a bacterial cell, the other “calls for help” those substances that have the ability to destroy the “enemy”, since CRP itself does not have such abilities;
"New" (neoCRP), represented by free monomers (monomeric CRP, which is called mCRP), which has other properties that are not characteristic of the native variant (rapid mobility, low solubility, acceleration of platelet aggregation, stimulation of production and synthesis of biologically active substances). A new form of C-reactive protein was discovered in 1983.

A detailed study of the new acute-phase protein revealed that its antigens are present on the surface of lymphocytes circulating in the blood, killer cells and plasma cells, and it is obtained (mCRP) from the transition of a pentameric protein to a monomeric protein during the rapid development of the inflammatory process. However, the most important thing that scientists have learned about the monomeric variant is that the "new" C-reactive protein contributes to the formation of cardiovascular disease. How does this happen?

Elevated CRP is involved in the formation of atherosclerosis

The body's response to the inflammatory process sharply increases the concentration of CRP, which is accompanied by an enhanced transition of the pentameric form of C-reactive protein to the monomeric form - this is necessary to induce the reverse (anti-inflammatory) process. An increased level of mCRP leads to the production of inflammatory mediators (cytokines), adherence of neutrophils to the vascular wall, activation of the endothelium with the release of factors that cause spasm, the formation of microthrombi and impaired blood circulation in the microcirculatory bed, that is, the formation of atherosclerosis of arterial vessels.

This should be taken into account in the latent course of chronic diseases with a slight increase in the level of CRP (domg / l). The person continues to consider himself healthy, and the process slowly develops, which can lead first to atherosclerosis, and then to myocardial infarction (first) or other thromboembolic complications. Can you imagine how much a patient is at risk, having high concentrations of C-reactive protein in the blood test, the predominance of the low-density lipoprotein fraction in the lipid spectrum and high values of the atherogenic coefficient (CA)?

In order to prevent sad consequences, patients at risk should not forget to take the necessary tests for themselves, moreover, their CRP is measured by highly sensitive methods, and LDL is examined in the lipid spectrum with the calculation of the atherogenic coefficient.

The main tasks of the SRB are determined by its “diversity”

It is possible that the reader has not received answers to all his questions regarding the central component of the acute phase - the C reactive protein. Considering that complex immunological reactions of stimulation, regulation of CRP synthesis and its interaction with other immunity factors can hardly be of interest to a person who is far from these scientific and incomprehensible terms, the article focused on the properties and important role of this acute phase protein in practical medicine.

And the importance of CRP is really difficult to overestimate: it is indispensable in monitoring the course of the disease and the effectiveness of therapeutic measures, as well as in the diagnosis of acute inflammatory conditions and necrotic processes, where it exhibits high specificity. At the same time, it, like other acute-phase proteins, is also characterized by non-specificity (a variety of reasons for the increase in CRP, the multifunctionality of C-reactive protein due to the ability to bind to many ligands), which does not allow using this indicator to differentiate various conditions and establish an accurate diagnosis ( No wonder they called him "two-faced Janus"?). And then it turns out that he takes part in the formation of atherosclerosis ...

On the other hand, many laboratory tests and instrumental diagnostic methods are involved in the diagnostic search, which will help CRP, and the disease will be established.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a large pentamer with a mol. weighing from 1100 to 1400 kD, promotes the activation of natural killers, T-lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils, participates in the reactions of precipitation, agglutination, swelling of the bactericidal capsule, phagocytosis and complement fixation. Normally, in the blood serum, CRP is determined in the range from 0 to 10 mg / l. Inflammation or acute tissue damage leads to a thousand-fold increase in the concentration of CRP. The content of CRP in the blood serum of women with pregnancy complicated by late toxicosis is 3–10 times higher than in the control group of women with normally developing pregnancy, respectively, 70–220 and 20 mg/l. The ability of CRP to bind acetylcholine may contribute to the development of hypertension in eclampsia, and blocking platelet aggregation factor suggests that this acute phase protein has an anticoagulant function. The review provides data on other properties of the SRP.

C-reactive protein

pregnancy

preeclampsia

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C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein found in many animals, including invertebrates. Tillet et Francis first described its presence in the sera of patients with pneumonia when they discovered a pneumococcal cell wall C-polysaccharide precipitation reaction with this protein, resembling a precipitation reaction. SRP is a large pentamer with a pier. weighing from 1100000 to 1400000 d, composed of five subunits of 215000 d according to the type of radial symmetry and having electrophoretic mobility of beta-gamma globulins. PSA belongs to the family of so-called pentraxins. Pentraxins are a family of homologous human and animal proteins consisting of five subunits and binding specific ligands. Pentraxins such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP) are markers of the acute phase of inflammation and play a protective role in innate immune responses. The previously studied properties of SRP indicate its multifunctional role in the body. One of the functions of SRP is to bind damaged and harmful products - components of cellular debris (phosphorylcholine, liposomes, phosphate monoesters, polysaccharides), nucleoproteins, bacterial toxins, modified lipoproteins. SRP promotes their elimination from the body, like a "garbage collector". It is known that SRP promotes the activation of natural killers, T-lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils through special receptors on their cell membranes, participates in the reactions of precipitation, agglutination, swelling of the bactericidal capsule, phagocytosis and complement fixation. The structural gene of this protein is located on chromosome 1, and the synthesis is carried out in the liver.

Interacting with antimicrobial and antitumor immunological mechanisms, CRP activates macrophages, neutrophils and C1-C4 complement components, which can lead to the activation of the kallikrein, fibrinolytic systems of hemostasis, the release of activators of the coagulation and anticoagulation systems. Along with this, the ability of CRP to inhibit platelet aggregation and stabilize their membranes by blocking platelet aggregation factor suggests that this acute phase protein has an anticoagulant function.

Normally, only trace amounts of it are determined in the blood serum in the range from 0 to 10 mg / l. Inflammation or acute tissue injury leads to a thousandfold increase in serum CRP concentration. Thus, an increase in the CRP level above 20 to 53 ± 6 mg/l is observed with chorioamnionitis and prenatal rupture of the membranes, with bilateral pyogenic sacroiliitis in a woman during and after pregnancy. At the same time, the specificity of the test and the positive predictive value increase to 100% if the threshold value is increased to 35-40 mg/l.

Ernst L.M., Grobman W.A., Wolfe K. et al. investigated the association between biomarkers of chronic pregnancy stress and chronic inflammation in the placenta in 112 African American and Caucasian women. Women with chronic villitis had significantly elevated levels of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus and PSA in the second and third trimesters.

Although PSA is considered a good marker of acute inflammation, Smith E.J. et al., based on a statistical meta-analysis, showed that CRP is still not a sufficiently effective predictive marker of chorioamnionitis and meningeal rupture, which somewhat contradicts the studies cited above.

In pregnant women, the normal concentration of CRP does not exceed 20 mg / l. According to Farzadnia M. et al. , an increase in the amount of PSA in the blood serum during normal delivery is noted in 16.6% of cases. The content of CRP in the blood serum of women with pregnancy complicated by late toxicosis is 3-10 times higher than in the control group of women with normally developing pregnancy, respectively, 70-220 and 20 mg / l. More sensitive methods also showed that the level of CRP above 7 mg / l is significantly more common in pregnant women with preeclampsia, compared with normal pregnancies, respectively, in 73.9 and 6.2%. .

Preeclampsia is one of the most common complications after 20 weeks of pregnancy and is characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria. This accounts for 2-8% of obstetric pathologies worldwide and contributes to high maternal mortality as well as maternal and neonatal morbidity. The cause of preeclampsia remains unknown, but many factors seem to be involved in its development. Inflammation has been shown to be an important contributor to the pathogenesis of this disease.

Clinical and biochemical evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction may be the underlying cause of this condition and that this dysfunction is accompanied by elevated levels of inflammatory markers that have been investigated as possible predictors of preeclampsia, especially C-reactive protein (CRP).

It is believed that preeclampsia may be caused by changes in the maternal immune system, and CRP, as an important component of the innate immune system, may play a role in causing preeclampsia.

The study of the mechanisms of preeclampsia has led to the recognition of the concept of "systemic inflammatory response" (SIR). SVR is characterized by the activation of phagocytes, endothelial cells, mast cells and platelets. As a result, the production of free radicals, cytokines, derivatives of arachidonic acid is enhanced, which can contribute to the generalization of the pathological process. The signs of the latter include changes in the hemostasis system (primary lesion of the platelet link), immune status, slowdown in the increase in circulating plasma volume, etc.

According to the latest data, gestosis or preeclampsia (according to the international classification) is accompanied by an increase in serum levels of CRP and soluble vascular cell adhesion factor-1. Along with various inflammatory reactions, hypothyroidism, hypercholesterolemia, and oxidative stress are also potential signs of preeclampsia. Thus, in women with indomitable vomiting of pregnant women, serum levels of CRP, vaspin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins are significantly higher compared to normal pregnancy.

Bullen B.L., et al found that CRP levels (5.5 µg/mL) were significantly higher in spontaneous preterm labor compared to term delivery (4.8 µg/mL), especially in the presence of chorioamnionitis (6.3 µg/mL ). They also found a direct correlation between an increase in CRP to 8.9 µg/ml and preterm birth in women with a high body mass index compared with pregnant women with low birth weight. According to other data, an increased level of PSA also correlates with the likelihood of preterm birth. However, Wei S.Q. et all consider that it is more informative to examine the amniotic fluid for PSA content. Spontaneous preterm birth was closely correlated with elevated levels of amniotic fluid C-reactive protein in the middle trimester of pregnancy, but not with plasma levels of this protein. There is an observation that an increase in the level of CRP in obese women can serve as a marker of the risk of preterm birth. Based on a statistical meta-analysis of 23 publications (727 women with preeclampsia and 3538 women in control), Rebelo F. and co-authors concluded that an increase in CRP concentration of more than 2.30 mg / l (normal range 1.27-3, 34 in their studies) increases the risk of eclampsia in pregnant women with large body weight.

Other investigators do not find an association between preeclampsia or preterm labor and PRP levels, as PRP, serum amyloid-A-protein, and ceruloplasmin levels are elevated in both pregnant women with and without preeclampsia. It is believed that the concept of preeclampsia as a systemic inflammatory condition may not be reflected in the content of these proteins.

According to some data, PSA can serve as a prognostic criterion in the postpartum period. Thus, an increase in the level of CRP and fibrinogen in the blood serum of nulliparas is associated with the risk of preeclampsia in repeated births. In a study of inflammatory airway pathology in pregnant women, van den Hooven et al. found an increase in both maternal and fetal PSA levels associated with the severity of air pollution. It is believed that an increase in maternal serum CRP creates a risk for pathology in children in the first 4 years. Brown A.S., et al. investigated the relationship between CRP levels as a recognized biomarker of inflammation in early pregnancy and subsequent autism in children. In their opinion, inflammatory processes and increased maternal CRP are associated with autism and other neurological disorders in children later on. At the same time, Danielsen I., Granström C., Rytte D. do not find that such markers of subclinical inflammation as CRP, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in the third trimester of pregnancy are associated with metabolic syndrome in offspring. .

Returning to the connection between CRP and preeclampsia, it should be noted not only the diagnostic and prognostic potential of determining CRP, but also its pathogenetic role. The ability of SRP to bind to various biologically active molecules was mentioned above. In particular, CRP forms strong complexes with acetylcholine. This property is even used to clear the PSA. In turn, the role of endothelial factors in the development of preeclampsia is recognized, and it is known that acetylcholine is actively produced by endothelial cells during inflammation. Nazarov et all showed that PSA, actively binding to acetylcholine, reduces its biological activity (neutralizes the hypotensive effect and reduces bradycardia caused by acetylcholine). Thus, it can be assumed that PSA in preeclampsia can contribute to an increase in blood pressure by inhibiting the protective reaction of the endothelium to the inflammatory process.

Reviewers:

Moldavskaya A.A., Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy, Astrakhan State Medical Academy, Astrakhan;

Feldman B.V., Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Botany, Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Astrakhan State Medical Academy, Astrakhan.

The work was received by the editors on 04/04/2014.

Bibliographic link

Akhushkova L.M., Bulakh N.A., Moskalenko N.P., Sukharev A.E., Nikolaev A.A. STUDY OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN DURING PREGNANCY // Fundamental Research. - 2014. - No. 4-3. – P. 619-623;
URL: http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=33972 (date of access: 02/22/2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"

Blood plasma contains about a hundred different proteins. Each protein has its own function. They are mainly formed in the liver and must maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood, due to which water and salts are retained in it. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a glycoprotein that is also formed in the liver and belongs to the proteins of the acute phase of inflammation. As soon as the inflammatory process begins in the body, the level of this protein in the blood begins to grow, and during the day it can exceed the norm by several tens of times.

What does an increase in CRP indicate?

You can determine the level of CRP in the blood by analyzing c-reactive protein. Normally, it should be absent or minimal - up to 5 mg / l. Moreover, the norm is the same for children, women and men. If the c-reactive protein grows, then this indicates the beginning of the inflammatory process. This indicator is the earliest indicator of any disturbances in the body. With the transition of the disease to the stage of chronic c-reactive protein is normalized, and then rises again during exacerbation.

The reasons why the level of such an indicator can be increased are varied:

acute infectious diseases, most often caused by a bacterial infection, are one of the main reasons why CRP is elevated;
the norm of this indicator is exceeded during exacerbation of chronic diseases;
an increase in this indicator is observed in case of burns, trauma, frostbite, necrosis, as well as after surgical operations and other tissue damage;
the decay of malignant tumors is accompanied by an increase in the level of CRP;
an increase in blood pressure entails an increase in this blood indicator;
diabetes mellitus, obesity or other endocrine pathology leads to an increase in CRP;
violation of lipid metabolism, which can lead to atherosclerosis, is also accompanied by an increase in CRP;
in women during pregnancy and while taking oral contraceptives, this indicator may increase;
Frequent smoking can also provoke a deviation of the indicator from the norm.

Causes of increased CRP

The norm of the c-reactive protein index can be exceeded, as mentioned above, in various diseases and conditions of the patient. However, depending on the cause of such an increase, c-reactive protein may have a different indicator:

If the reason why CRP is elevated is a viral infection or a sluggish chronic disease, then the indicator increases slightly. The norm of its content in the blood rises to 10-30 mg / l.
With a bacterial infection, the rate of CRP in the blood increases tenfold. Its content can reach 40-100 mg/l. The same increase is observed during exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases and tissue damage.
Myocardial infarction is also accompanied by an increase in the content of CRP.
Newborns whose c-reactive protein reaches a level of 12 mg / l are prescribed antimicrobial therapy without fail, since such an increase may indicate sepsis.
Burn, sepsis and severe generalized infection can increase c-reactive protein in the blood to prohibitive 300 mg / l.

With any inflammatory processes, this indicator rises very quickly. The subsequent dynamics of the disease is immediately reflected in the level of CRP content. Therefore, it is required to take a CRP blood test during treatment. If the level decreases, then the treatment is chosen correctly. If the c-reactive protein continues to rise or the indicator does not change, the treatment should be adjusted. With proper treatment, the rate of the indicator is reached by 6-10 days.

When interpreting the results of the analysis, the doctor pays attention to one more indicator - ESR. It also rises in the presence of an inflammatory process in the body, but not so quickly and not so rapidly. A normal level of CRP with elevated ESR may indicate acute intoxication of the body, as well as some other diseases.

How to determine the increase in CRP?

There are no symptoms that may indicate an increase in c-reactive protein. Its increase is only one of the signs that some processes are disturbed in the body. To determine CRP, you should take a blood test from a vein in the morning on an empty stomach. You can eat no earlier than 12 hours before, and half an hour before the analysis you need to stop smoking. In addition, before the analysis, one should abandon physical exertion and avoid strong emotional stress. If these conditions are not met, the result may be inaccurate.

The reasons why a doctor may refer a patient for analysis may be different:

The delivery of such an analysis is provided for a routine examination of the elderly.
Patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis, as well as patients who are on hemodialysis, are tested to rule out cardiovascular complications.
With hypertension and coronary heart disease, it is necessary to take an analysis to prevent possible complications.
After coronary bypass surgery, the analysis is also given for the timely detection of complications.
To determine the effectiveness of treatment. If the prescribed treatment does not normalize the indicator, it is necessary to change the prescribed drugs.
The indicator should be monitored for neoplasms and acute infectious diseases.

How to normalize the level of CRP?

As already mentioned, an increase in c-reactive protein is one of the markers that suggests that some processes are disturbed in the body. Therefore, in order to return the indicator to normal, it is necessary to find the reasons for its increase and eliminate them. If you do not pay attention to the deviation of this indicator from the norm, it threatens the development of cardiovascular diseases. In order to prescribe the correct treatment, the doctor must conduct an additional examination, study the full clinical picture of the disease. If c-reactive protein is elevated, then, in addition to the doctor's recommendations, the patient should:

adhere to a diet that will favorably affect the cardiovascular activity of the body;
lead an active lifestyle, diversify your leisure time with sports;
keep fit, avoid excess weight;
pay attention to blood sugar and blood pressure;
give up smoking and alcohol.

In the human body, everything is arranged in such a way as to inform him as quickly as possible about the failure of any systems. The main thing is to listen to yourself and, if necessary, undergo a medical examination. C-reactive protein is one of those "bells" that at the earliest stage will help to suspect a violation in the body. Of course, it is impossible to draw conclusions and prescribe treatment, focusing only on the deviation from the norm of this indicator. But such a result should be the reason for a more thorough examination. After all, without determining the exact reason why this indicator is growing, the doctor will not be able to prescribe adequate treatment.

What is C-reactive protein in the blood and the reasons for its increase

SRP norm
SRP functions
Diagnostic value
Why are they prescribed
Analysis for SBR
Why rises
Conclusion

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an indicator of the acute phase of the inflammatory process. An increase in its concentration in the blood indicates the development of a pathological process in the body. In terms of its sensitivity, the reactive protein is superior to the ESR. It is synthesized by the liver as a response to inflammatory or necrotic processes in any part of the human body. The reactive protein got its name due to the fact that it is able to enter into a precipitation reaction with C-polysaccharide of pneumococci, which is an important mechanism of protection against infection at an early stage of the disease.

SRP norm

It is measured in mg per litre. In the absence of inflammation, the reactive protein in the blood of adults is not detected or its level is less than 5 mg / liter. The norm for newborns is less than 1.6 mg / liter.

SRP functions

Synthesis of CRP occurs in response to inflammation in order to protect the body. Its production depends on the intensity of the pathological process, that is, the more pronounced the latter, the more reactive protein enters the bloodstream. CRP activates the reaction of the immune system, affects all parts of the immune response. The functions of a reactive protein include the following:

increased mobility of leukocytes;
participation in the interaction of B- and T-lymphocytes;
activation of the complement system;
acceleration of phagocytosis, agglutination and precipitation reactions;
production of interleukins.

With successful treatment, the concentration of C-protein in plasma decreases after 6-10 days.

Diagnostic value

C-reactive protein is a non-specific indicator of inflammation that is very sensitive to any tissue damage. A sharp increase in its concentration in the blood occurs during the first four hours of the disease. Thus, C-reactive protein in the blood is the very first sign of an infectious disease, reflecting the intensity of the process. With inflammation, its level can increase by more than 20 times. The determination of this indicator is carried out for diagnostic purposes, and its control is necessary for monitoring diseases.

What are they prescribed for?

A blood test for CRP is required in the following cases:

diagnosis of acute infections;
determination of the likelihood of developing cardiovascular complications in diabetes, atherosclerosis and in patients on hemodialysis;
diagnosis of tumors;
evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases;
determination of the development of organ rejection after transplantation;
evaluation of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy;
determination of the extent of necrosis after myocardial infarction;
identification of complications in the period after surgery;
determination of the reactivity of the process in diffuse diseases of the connective tissue and evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment.

The study is prescribed in the following cases:

examination of healthy older people;
examination of patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension in order to prevent death from stroke or heart attack;
after undergoing a course of treatment for cardiovascular diseases in order to assess its effectiveness;
after coronary bypass surgery;
after angioplasty in patients with angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome in order to determine the probability of death.

Analysis for SBR

To determine the concentration of reactive protein in plasma, blood biochemistry is performed. This analysis should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach, that is, you should not eat for 12 hours before taking the material. You can only drink plain water. The patient takes venous blood. Her serum is used for research. Modern methods make it possible to detect CRP even if it is below 0.5 mg/liter.

Why is it rising?

The reasons for the increase in reactive protein may be the following:

Acute infections: bacterial, fungal, viral. In some bacterial diseases, such as meningitis, tuberculosis, neonatal sepsis, the level can be increased to 100 mg per liter and above. With viral lesions, this figure increases slightly.
Autoimmune processes: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic vasculitis, Crohn's disease. Moreover, the higher the protein concentration, the more severe the pathology.
Myocardial infarction. As a rule, the level of CRP increases 18-32 hours after the onset of the disease, decreases by the twentieth day and normalizes by the fortieth. An unfavorable sign in this case is a significant increase in the level of CRP.
Acute complicated pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis.
Tissue damage in trauma, burns.
CRP is elevated after surgery. The concentration is especially high immediately after the operation, then there is a rapid decrease. A high level of reactive protein may indicate inflammation that began after surgical procedures and rejection of transplanted tissues.
Malignant tumors of any localization: cancer of the lung, stomach, prostate, ovaries, etc.
Diseases of the digestive system.
Diabetes.
Overweight.
Arterial hypertension.

In addition, an increase in reactive protein is possible:

with heavy physical exertion;
during pregnancy;
as a result of taking oral contraceptives;
with hormone replacement therapy;
people with bad habits, in particular, smokers.

Conclusion

Reactive protein is called the gold marker of inflammatory processes, one of the main parameters in diagnosis. A blood test for CRP, in combination with other indicators, makes it possible to assess the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases, to predict their course, to determine the risk of complications, and to develop treatment and prevention tactics. CRP analysis makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.

What does high ESR mean in blood?

What does the indicator of total protein in the blood mean and what is its norm?

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Fibrinogen is elevated during pregnancy - is it worth it and why

What it is

Fibrinogen is a protein produced by the liver. It is a precursor to the synthesis of fibrin, a substance that forms a clot during blood clotting.

There is a lot of blood loss during childbirth, and this important protein helps prevent heavy bleeding. That is why a woman is prescribed a coagulogram and, if necessary, a hemostasiogram, with the help of which other serum indicators are determined.

Norm in pregnant women in the first, second and third trimester

Normal levels in expectant mothers differ from those in non-pregnant women and also vary by trimester.

If in non-pregnant women this indicator averages 3 g / l, then in expectant mothers, the norms of fibrinogen during pregnancy in trimesters look like this:

1 trimester - 2.98 g / l;
2 trimester - 3.1 g / l;
3rd trimester - 6 g / l.

Usually, an analysis is taken from a vein for research. Do not forget that this procedure is always carried out on an empty stomach, and it is also recommended to exclude physical activity, avoid stressful situations.

Increasing the normal level and its causes

Exceeding the norm of fibrinogen during pregnancy shows that the woman has thick blood. The danger of this phenomenon is that blood clots can occur in the vessels. This also applies to the vascular system of the placenta, which can lead to malnutrition of the fetus and a delay in its development. The child may develop signs of hypoxia.

If fibrinogen is elevated during pregnancy, this most likely happened as a result of:

inflammatory processes caused by infections;
decreased thyroid function;
tissue necrosis;
development of neoplasms;
pneumonia;
heart attack;

In some cases, an increased concentration of this indicator may be an individual feature of the body, and also be the result of long-term use of hormonal drugs based on estrogen before pregnancy.

In some cases, exceeding the value is possible after relatively recent operations, burns.

Sometimes an increase can be observed with improper preparation for the study. As mentioned above, the level of coagulation can be affected by stress and overstrain, fatty foods taken the day before, and improper water regimen.

Danger and effects on the cardiovascular system

Despite the various causes of increased fibrinogen in pregnant women, too thick blood leads to the same consequences that affect both the health of the woman herself and the prenatal state of the child.

Blood clots can lead to:

the development of thrombosis and thrombophlebitis;
placental abruption in the early stages, and as a result, to miscarriage;
frozen pregnancy;
premature birth;
the occurrence of gestosis;
blockage of the vessels of the umbilical cord and death of the fetus.

Treatment tactics: how to reduce the content

If a deviation from the norm is detected, the doctor prescribes additional examinations to identify the cause of the high level of fibrinogen during pregnancy. Treatment is mandatory. The specialist prescribes both vitamin therapy and serum-thinning drugs. In some cases, injections of drugs are carried out in the abdomen.

Adjusting your diet can also help reduce whey density.

For this (provided there are no allergic reactions), expectant mothers are recommended to consume daily beets, seaweed, grapefruit, pomegranate, cranberry decoction, green tea, grape juice, sunflower seeds, red peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers. You can also prepare a decoction of chestnut, an infusion of peony root.

If a pregnant woman has serious disorders associated with blood clotting, the woman is sent for observation and delivery to specialized perinatal centers, in which the expectant mother is prepared for obstetric care and, if necessary, for surgery.

The level of this protein in the blood of pregnant women is always increased compared to those of women who do not bear a child. But if fibrinogen during pregnancy is significantly higher than normal, this is a dangerous signal that requires timely treatment. Lack of therapy and non-compliance by the expectant mother with all the doctor's prescriptions can lead to fetal growth retardation, miscarriage, and death of the pregnant woman herself.

During pregnancy, controlling the well-being, health of the woman and the proper development of the fetus, the doctor prescribes a number of tests. These are very important studies, they help to identify diseases at the development stage. C-reactive protein during pregnancy informs about the presence of inflammation. This is an important indicator: its value rises sharply in the first four hours after the onset of the disease.

The value and norm of c-reactive protein

A biochemical blood test determines the level of CRP (c-reactive protein) in the blood plasma. It should be normally less than five mg / l. However, there are a number of factors that contribute to its increased concentration. C-reactive protein in pregnant women can rise to 20 mg / liter. If other indicators in the analyzes are normal, and you feel good, then there is no reason for concern. But with significantly increased levels of c-reactive protein, you need to look for the source of the disease.

Analysis for c-reactive protein or ESR?

During pregnancy, a woman regularly takes a blood test. The results of the analysis always reflect the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or ESR. Relying on the increased value of ESR, the doctor can conclude that there is a possible inflammation in the body of a pregnant woman. However, this is not always the case. For a reliable result, you need to donate blood for a biochemical analysis to find out the CRP value. The result of such a study is more informative compared to conventional analysis:

C-reactive protein rises already after four hours from the onset of the disease, and the ESR increases a few days after the onset of the disease;
The growth of c-reactive protein is affected by a real disease and, unlike the result of ESR, is not affected by factors such as gender, age, temperature, plasma protein levels, red blood cell count;
Analysis for c-reactive protein makes it possible to detect even small inflammatory processes.

Based on the values of c-reactive protein, as well as the ESR index, conclusions can be drawn about possible inflammation. The analysis also helps to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy when monitoring patients who have undergone surgery. However, it should be borne in mind that the state of pregnancy itself can also cause an increase in these indicators.

Causes of high levels of c-reactive protein during pregnancy

Often the cause of a large increase in CRP is an infection. With a bacterial infection, its level can rise from 80 to 100 mg / l. With a viral infection, there is a slight increase in CRP, up to about twenty mg / l.
During inflammatory processes, the concentration of c-reactive protein indicates the severity of the disease. With a value of more than two hundred mg / l, an exacerbation of chronic diseases may be a possible cause.

The analysis for c-reactive protein allows you to assess the correctness of therapy, since the values change rapidly in the case of positive dynamics, and normalize on average one week after the start of treatment. If this does not happen, the doctor concludes that the chosen treatment method was ineffective, and, without wasting time, prescribes a different therapy.

The result of c-reactive protein is increased by various tissue injuries - surgical interventions, injuries. It can also be caused by myocardial infarction. or cardiovascular disease. High levels of c-reactive protein from the fifth to the nineteenth week of pregnancy may indicate the risk of spontaneous abortion. With a CRP value above eight mg / l, the likelihood of preterm birth is doubled.

The presence of toxicosis can cause an increase in CRP up to twenty mg / l. Also, an increase in the level of protein in the blood serum can provoke heavy physical exertion, taking hormonal drugs. , smoking and other factors.

For a reliable diagnosis, the results of several studies are compared, which may indicate a possible inflammatory process in the body. With a high c-reactive protein, you need to re-analyze in five to seven days. All recommendations and prescriptions of drugs are performed by the attending physician, based on the results of a complex of tests.

Preparing for sampling

The last meal is allowed twelve hours before the analysis. Since the analysis is usually scheduled for the morning hours, this means that you will need to donate blood on an empty stomach;
On the eve of the study, fatty, fried, spicy or salty foods are contraindicated;
The presence of alcohol in the blood distorts the result of the analysis;
You can not drink juices, coffee, tea the day before the test. You can drink only pure non-carbonated water;
Do not smoke for at least half an hour before donating blood;
Serious physical and emotional stress shortly before donating blood will distort the data.

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Bibliographic link

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