Secrets of edged pedicure without leaving home. Foot care at home

1. To prevent infection, we apply a broad-spectrum disinfectant on the hands of the master and the feet of the client.

2. To soften the cornification, on the skin of the foot, for 10 minutes, we apply a special agent.

3. While the keratinized layers of the skin are softening, we process the area cuticles and skin around the nail with special nozzles ( see below).

4. We perform nail shape modeling and polishing nail plate (see below ). For a significant correction of the length of the nail, we can use nippers.

5. Remove the remnants of the softener with a napkin.

6. The keratinized layer of the skin, corns and calluses from the foot and fingers are removed by the apparatus using various nozzles ( see below). There is no single procedure for performing a hardware pedicure. You can start the procedure with both the foot and the fingers. You can treat both legs at once or in turn.

7. We apply a decorative or therapeutic coating on the nails.

8. Apply to nails emollient oil.

It is necessary to treat the skin of the legs with the apparatus, constantly moving the handle of the apparatus, in no case stopping in one place and not pressing, otherwise the client will experience a burning sensation. Nozzles are used, starting with coarse-grained, gradually moving to fine-grained and polishers. For foot treatment, in a hardware pedicure, carbide nozzles are used (for hardened, chronic corns) and sand (one-time) nozzles of various abrasiveness.

The prices of nozzles depend on their durability. The more expensive the nozzle, the longer it can be used, and the cheap ones wear out quickly. However, according to some masters, inexpensive disposable (sand) nozzles made in China are practically not inferior to expensive European ones.

Treatment of fingers in a hardware pedicure.

Treatment of the nail plate.

	Special cylindrical cutter for free edge . In order to avoid damage to nearby tissues, this nozzle has a sapphire coating only from the end.
	Cutter diamond truncated cone. Multifunction nozzle. One of the applications is processing free edge of the nail.
	Cylindrical cutter with longitudinal perforated cuts made of stainless steel. Perfectly solves the problem of vulture. Can be used to finish the free edge.
	Brush (brush) for cleaning the free edge.
Cuticle treatment.
	Boron spherical diamond. Convenient and safe to use.
	Milling cutter only-clean - special milling cutter made of tool steel with a polygonal working surface, for removing ptegyrium. She can work like dry nail plate and after applying the remover cuticles.
	Corundum cutter for cutting cuticles. Depending on the abrasiveness, it is used both in the cuticle zone and for polishing the skin of the periungual space.
	Brush (brush) for polishing the cuticle after treatment with the only-clean nozzle. Before use, apply a cuticle remover.
Treatment of nail folds.
	Carbide needle cutter with fine cross cut- a good helper in the fight against hard rollers. Such a cutter is suitable for cuts, in the process of treating an ingrown nail.
	Cutter diamond truncated cone with a rounded end of various abrasiveness. The choice of abrasiveness of the cutter depends on the condition of the skin. The rougher the skin, the larger the abrasive of its working part. In the photo - medium abrasive.
	Pear-shaped sapphire cutter. Delicately works on the skin, including in the cuticle area. The abrasive of the sapphire head is medium or fine.
Treatment of corns on the toes.
	Mill diamond MonAlit - a tornado. This cutter is made using a unique technology, forming a monolithic structure, consisting almost entirely of diamond grain. Such a cutter gently grinds the skin without injuring it, forming an ideal, even surface, while the skin DOES NOT HEAT! Such a nozzle is indispensable when working with a diabetic foot.
	Cutter steel truncated cone perforated. This cutter, despite its formidable appearance, can be safely used to speed up work.
	To work with core calluses, you must have burs of different diameters(from 1mm to 3mm). When drilling a callus channel, we change burs, starting from a larger one, gradually moving to a bur of a small diameter.	The foot is treated with a nozzle with a rubber base and interchangeable caps of various diameters. The amount of abrasiveness of the caps depends on the condition of the feet. In the photo - a base with a diameter of 13 mm with an abrasive cap 080 (large abrasive). Possible cap abrasiveness options: 060 - super large, 080 - large, 150 - medium, 240 or 320 - small.
	Nozzle with a rubber base with a diameter of 5 mm with a cap 080 coarse abrasiveness.
	Very handy for pedicure ! Base with a diameter of 11mm with interchangeable caps: 060-super-large, 080-large, 150-medium, 280-small. The area of ​​the processed surface for one pass is more, than at a basis with a diameter of 13 mm.
	Carbide cutter with coarse, medium and fine cross cut teeth.
	Carbide cutter with very large(blue ring), major(green ring), or shallow(red ring) cross O and cutting teeth coated with titanium nitride. The finer the cut, the smoother the finished surface becomes.
	Steel cutter with longitudinal perforated notches. Used when dealing with hyperkeratosis.
	Carbide cutter truncated cone with rounded end and coarse cross cut. Effectively fights against calluses. black ring- Extra-large cross cutting of teeth.
	Carbide milling cutter with special helical cutting. Cutting features are designed for effective work on the legs and skin.
	Carbide pear cutter. Helps to remove peeling. Recommended for diabetic foot. You can work with this nozzle in two directions: a) lift the flaky skin in one direction, b) changing direction, gently cut.
	Diamond cutter MonAlit (sintered diamond) - tornado gently grinds the skin without heating it. Ideal for working with diabetic foot and treatment of interdigital areas.
	Bullet-shaped silicone carbide grinder, for creating a perfectly flat surface. The color of the nozzle depends on the amount of abrasiveness of the grain.
Removal of corns.
	This cutter is only recommended for experienced craftsmen! A hollow cutter with a sharp edge is designed for loosening corns. To do this, a "notch" is performed.
	Reversible cross cut carbide cutter easily removes loose callus.
	A stainless steel cutter also easily removes loosened corns.
Removal of calluses.
	The carbide nozzle removes the keratinized layer of corns, opening access to the corn core.
	The hollow cutter processes the core callus.
	We drill out the corn with a perforated spherical bur.
	With a bud-shaped diamond cutter, we grind the edges of the corn. Grain size of diamond cutter: large- green ring average- blue ring.
Foot crack treatment.
	A cylindrical cutter with longitudinal perforated notches is used to work with hyperkeratosis.
	The rubber tip with interchangeable caps is perfect for preparing the foot for treating cracks. The amount of abrasiveness depends on the state of calluses. In the photo - a large abrasive, the size of the base is 13mm.
	Nozzle with 11mm rubber base and replaceable caps effectively removes the horny layer to gain access to cracks. On the picture 150 - medium abrasive.
	Nozzle with a rubber basis with a diameter of 5 mm with replaceable caps. The thinner the skin, the less abrasive should be.
	With a truncated cone diamond cutter, we begin work directly on the cracks. In the work we use the upper and lower edges of the nozzle.
	Needle fissure cutter Made of stainless steel, multifunctional. In this case, we use it when processing the edges of a crack on the heel.
	The diamond bud cutter is perfect for safe and efficient cracking. This cutter is especially suitable for beginners.
	At diamond bud cutter with cross cutting, all planes can be used in work.
	We grind the edges of the crack with a cylindrical cutter.
	Efficient and convenient for grinding the edges of the crack sintered diamond cutter.
	A carbide cutter with a medium cross cut grinds the skin well at high speed (about 20 thousand rpm).
	An alternative option for grinding can be a diamond burr with a rounded end. The grain size of the cutter is selected depending on the condition of the skin.
	The final grinding and polishing is carried out with nozzles made of silicone-carbide alloy or silicone without abrasive.
	Silicone nozzle for polishing skin and nails.

They complain of fatigue and pain in the feet. Why does she come in the fall and how to get rid of her, tells manicure and pedicure master of the Moscow beauty salon "On Pokrovka" Ada KODZASOVA.

Despite the fact that in the summer the legs undoubtedly rest, their appearance deteriorates noticeably. The soles of the feet become rough, the nails acquire a matte tint, the heels with their roughness resemble sandpaper. Yes, and the foot itself becomes wider.

Autumn is the time when it is worth taking care of your feet especially carefully, because after summer relaxation, your feet are in danger of stress: closed shoes, heels, and therefore fatigue. Pain in the feet affects the gait, affect the mood. On the surface of the feet are receptors associated with the functions of the whole body.

A regular visit to the pedicure room is a kind of panacea, but not every woman can afford it. I would advise you to visit the salon once in the fall and get a full pedicure by an experienced master, and then maintain the condition of your feet on your own.

If your feet are not running, then you can get by with home remedies.

So, pedicure at home. Its frequency depends on the condition of the skin of the legs. If it is satisfactory, then in the autumn-winter season you can resort to a pedicure once every two months, with problematic legs it should be done every three to four weeks, but not more than once every 15 days.

The first stage is the treatment of the feet. First, the legs should be steamed in warm water with the addition of liquid soap, soda or sea salt. Thoroughly wipe the steamed legs and remove excess keratinized skin from the feet. There are many ways to remove it. For this purpose, a pumice stone, a wooden spatula, a metal foot file are suitable. I would recommend using a foot grater. It polishes the skin much softer, does not irritate the surface of the foot and does not disturb the structure of the skin. It is used by removing excess skin, like a familiar pumice stone.

With a wooden spatula and a saw, the skin is scraped off, as it were. Next, apply a thin layer of any fortified scrub on your feet and carefully rub it into your feet with your fingers or using the same grater. Then again lower your feet into the water, but this time at a cooler, more pleasant temperature. Pause for 5-10 minutes and then rinse with cool water. With running feet, this procedure can be repeated, but no more than three times. Its purpose is to remove corns, which most often look like very rough skin. When neglected, they interfere with free walking, cause pain and burning.

Scraping the top layer of the skin, that is, corns or their precursors, should not bring pain. If pain occurs, the procedure should be stopped immediately.

Many women suffer from heel spurs. They are usually painless, but from an aesthetic point of view they spoil the appearance of the leg. The reason for their appearance is still unknown. But the removal methods are the same as corns. True, on the vertical surface of the foot, the skin is much thinner and it is worth scraping it more gently. To make the spurs turn white, they can be wiped with a cut of fresh potatoes or grated fresh potatoes can be applied for 10-15 minutes.

The next step is the processing of fingers and nails. To do this, you will need a gel cuticle. Heli-cuts, which appeared in abundance, are extremely effective. They have a moisturizing effect, stimulate nail growth, improve the condition of the cuticle - soft tissues at the base of the nail, covering the lower part of the nail plate. Generally, cuticles are part of a nail care program. The gel is applied to the bottom of the nail and rubbed into its base. You can, moving the skin away, instead of this drug, use a pipette to drop a drop of olive oil into the base of the nail and massage the nail plate.

While the gel-cut is absorbed, which will take 5-7 minutes, take care of your nails. They should be given a slightly square, not sharp shape, in no case cutting out the corners. The corners of the nails can only be carefully filed. Sand filed nails, if necessary. Grinding should only be thick uneven nail plates with rough grooves.

Then, with a manicure spatula, move the treated skin around the nail - if the cuticle is thin and not overgrown, then it will come off with a thin film. If the cuticle does not lend itself to such elimination, remove it with nail scissors without touching the skin.

Then - foot contrast baths. Prepare two basins: with hot (38 - 40o) and cold water (28 - 30o). Dip your feet in hot water for 1.5 - 2 minutes, then in cold - for 15 - 20 seconds. Repeat this procedure 3-4 times.

After the bath, rub the soles with a coarse cloth or a dry hard washcloth. You can massage your feet as follows: moisten your hands with vegetable oil or lotion and rub your legs with strong movements on both sides, moving up, from the fingers to the ankle, from the ankle to the knee, then down with light tapping of the fingers.

The final procedure of a home pedicure is the application of a soft nourishing cream to the feet. For this purpose, creams with a special marking "for legs" are well suited. If you will varnish your nails, make sure that the cream does not get on your nails. It is better to apply the cream before covering the nails with varnish - while you paint your nails and the varnish dries up, the cream will be perfectly absorbed. The proposed pedicure at home is designed for feet without calluses. The corns that appear cannot be started. The fight against all types of corns: on the soles, fingers and in the interdigital folds arising from improperly selected shoes - requires an additional procedure.

Now often keratinized areas of the skin are steamed and cleaned with a safety razor. Many women use this method at home, and pedicure masters also offer it. This undoubtedly effective method of quickly removing corns has one significant drawback. After mechanical scraping with a razor, the roots of the corns usually remain, and the corns form again after two to three weeks. Therefore, experienced pedicure masters not only clean off the corn with a razor, but then remove the spine itself.

A more suitable method at home is cutting out steamed corns with nail clippers, without leaving a root in the corns. The procedure should be repeated several times, with a break of a day, until the corns completely disappear. Cutting out requires special care and skill so as not to injure the skin next to the calluses.

If the corn is deep - before a night's rest, soak your feet in hot water, wipe dry, tie a lemon peel with a small amount of pulp to the corn. It is better to use the edge of a lemon. Repeat removal in the morning.

With the frequent occurrence of corns, it is necessary to make it a rule to regularly, at least twice a week, take hot foot baths with the addition of concentrated chamomile infusion. Such baths are a wonderful prophylactic. The calluses must first be removed. Nightly foot baths should be herbal, with aromatic oils or with the addition of acidic products: apple cider vinegar, lemon juice. Alkaline detergents and soda are used for steaming only during a pedicure.

If you rubbed your feet with tight shoes until redness, swelling, water bubbles appear, then immediately disinfect the wounds with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. Then lubricate the damaged areas with brilliant green. Feet require nutrition - once a week it is worth making foot masks. Blue clay foot masks are especially good. The diluted slurry is applied to the feet. After drying, the clay is washed off with warm water and the feet are nourished with cream.

With increased dryness of the feet, you can make a mask of oily cream. For this, the domestic cream "Amber" is perfect. The cream is applied in a thick layer and left on the feet for at least 30 minutes. Removing excess cream, you can massage your feet.

Do not forget to take care of your feet daily, especially if they are tired? Wear only soft, comfortable and natural leather shoes. Narrow shoes with straps that tightly tighten the foot, with high, unstable heels, should not be worn daily.

If you know folk remedies for treating feet at home, please write in the comments below.

Perfect heels are a matter of pride for any woman. Smooth, delicate leather on the heels allows you to appear barefoot on the beach and wear open shoes without hesitation. In addition to aesthetic pleasure, the skin of the feet is a kind of indicator of health.

The appearance of corns, corns, cracks, hyperkeratosis and, as a result, dry heels indicate disturbances in the functioning of the body.

Rough and dry skin on the heels is in most cases a cosmetic problem that develops as a result of poor foot care or wearing poor-quality tight shoes. Pathological conditions develop with the following diseases:

• diabetes mellitus;
• lack of vitamins;
• dermatoses of an allergic nature;
• psoriasis;
• hormonal disorders in women during menopause.

To achieve a successful result from foot care, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of painful conditions of the skin. Turning to a dermatologist, a histological examination of rough skin will be carried out.

If a pathology is detected, the doctor will identify the cause and prescribe treatment. Adhering to the recommendations of the doctor, in parallel, you need to carry out thorough foot care. Without appropriate therapy, rough skin in diseases will reappear.

If ugly skin on the heels is the result of a careless attitude to yourself, cleansing procedures will quickly give a good effect. To do this, it is not necessary to contact specialized salons, thorough care at home is enough.

Method number 1: hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide is an affordable, inexpensive remedy that is sold at any pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. It is mainly used to disinfect damaged skin. Antiseptic and exfoliating properties in the complex give an excellent result when cleaning the skin of the feet.

For a cosmetic procedure, it is necessary to prepare a special solution, which includes 5 tbsp. spoons of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 2 liters of hot water. For ease of use, you can choose wiping or foot baths.

In any case, it is advisable to steam dry skin on the heels before the procedure in order to achieve the maximum effect. For wiping, you can take a cotton pad or cotton cloth and, moistened in a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide, clean the entire skin of the feet on both legs.

For, it is necessary to pour the resulting mixture into a clean bowl and place the legs there for 10 minutes. At the end, the skin of the feet is cleaned with a pumice stone or a file, after which they are lubricated with a rich nourishing cream.

The number of procedures will depend on the condition of the feet, usually a full course can take up to one and a half months. Once every 3 days is the optimal frequency to achieve a good result, more intensive use will only dry out the skin.

Having achieved smooth skin on the feet, the ideal condition must be maintained regularly. The skin of the feet is subject to constant pressure and friction during walking under the weight of its own weight, so it is more vulnerable than other parts of the body.

Hydrogen peroxide will become an indispensable assistant in the fight for healthy heels.

Method number 2: Epsom salt

Epsom salts are great for removing rough skin on the heels. Bitter salt can be purchased at a pharmacy, its other name is magnesium sulfate. The unique chemical compound of sulfur and magnesium gives the skin a radiant look and nails a strong structure.

Epsom salt, interacting with the skin of the feet, cleanses, softens and has an antibacterial effect.

In addition to the cosmetic effect, magnesium sulfate relieves swelling and fatigue after a long day spent on your feet. Sulfur with magnesium is effectively used to combat unpleasant foot odor.

Cleansing manipulations for dry heels are carried out in the form of evening warm or Epsom salt crystals are used as a scrub. A handful of bitter salt is rubbed into the surface of rough heels for several minutes into pre-steamed skin. After the procedure, the skin is washed with warm water and richly lubricated with a nourishing cream.

Cleaning rough heels with a salt solution at home is easy and pleasant. Action algorithm:

1. Add a pinch of Epsom salt to hot clean water and stir until completely dissolved.
2. We place the feet in the solution and soar the heels for half an hour, keeping the mixture hot.
3. After the end, we mechanically remove the thickened skin with a pumice stone or brush.
4. Rinse your feet with fresh water and dry with a clean towel.
5. Lubricate the skin of the feet with cream. To enhance the effect of nutrition in the cream, you can add 3 drops of an oil solution of vitamins A and E.

A good result will be noticeable in a few days. The course is completed upon reaching the desired result, on average it is from 1 to 2 months.

Method number 3: onions

How to clean rough skin with onions? Onions are in every home. The information that it can be used not only for cooking, but also for cosmetic procedures, is not known to everyone.

Fresh onion is a source of calcium, fluorine, zinc, magnesium and essential oils. The high content of these elements makes ordinary onion a bactericidal agent that improves the condition of the skin epithelium and has a cleansing effect.

When applied topically, onion regulates the activity of the sweat glands and eliminates unpleasant odors.

To remove rough and dry skin on the heels, a large onion is cut in half and placed on top. Then, on top of the bow, you can wrap your legs with cling film and put on socks made from natural materials.

Another method is to use chopped onions. A mushy mass is applied to gauze folded in several layers. The bandage is applied to the heels, the time of contact with the bow should be no more than 30 minutes.

Onion, as a means to remove rough skin, is suitable for everyone. Try not to overdo it, and perform manipulations no more than 1 time in 3 days.

Daily use can lead to inflammatory processes as a result of irritation of the sweat glands. For the fastest effect, try to choose shoes made from natural materials that can pass air.

Method number 4: baking soda

Sodium bicarbonate has long been known for its unique skin-cleansing properties. The softening action will prepare rough skin for the removal of unwanted growths.

Antiseptic properties will remove pathogenic bacteria and fungus, which cause not only changes in the skin, but also an unpleasant odor. The anti-inflammatory effect will promote healing and regeneration of the skin of the feet.

How to clean your heels with baking soda from rough skin at home? There are several folk recipes:

1. Dry mix of baking soda and soap. A small amount of soap should be grated on a coarse grater. Add a teaspoon of soda to the crushed soap and apply on the skin in the heel area. Wrap with a film, put on socks and leave the compress for 20 minutes, then clean the feet with a pumice stone and grease with a nourishing cream.
2. Foot . Add a little baking soda to hot water and take baths for 15 minutes while the solution remains warm. After steaming, wash your feet with clean water, and the rough skin on the heels is mechanically removed. After softening with a cream, warm socks must be put on.
3. Milk soda. An excellent effect can be achieved by using milk instead of water. The use of dairy products to nourish and soften the skin has been known since ancient times for Egyptian beauties. with milk are carried out according to the same scheme.
4. Olive oil and soda: mix 15 grams of soda with 5 ml of olive oil and rub into rough skin. The abrasive properties of soda in dry form act like a scrub, and the oil softens the skin and makes the cleansing process more gentle.

Method number 5: natural honey

How to get rid of rough skin on the heels with honey. Honey is a natural antiseptic that combines softening and nourishing cosmetics to improve the condition of the skin of the face and body.

When cleansing the skin of the legs, to accelerate the effect, not pure honey is used, but its mixture with viburnum or prunes. When exposed to honey, coarse keratinized layers noticeably exfoliate, releasing clean epithelium and eliminating inflammatory processes from the skin. Kalina is a real storehouse of trace elements that stimulate the growth of young layers of epithelial tissue.

How to easily and quickly remove rough skin from the heels with a compress:

• Crush 50 g of viburnum berries, after removing the seeds, and mix with half a glass of honey;
• before applying, the gruel should be heated in a water bath to a warm state;
• the mixture is applied to a bandage or natural fabric, and applied to the heels;
• to obtain the effect of a compress, the legs are wrapped in cellophane and wrapped in a blanket for 30 minutes.

In a similar way, instead of viburnum, it is useful to use prunes. A mixture of honey and prunes breaks down thick dead skin layers of damaged skin, and acts as a chemical peel to remove rough skin on the heels. The skin begins to move away in large pieces, freeing the smooth surface of the feet.

The advantage of this method is absolute safety and painlessness. Compresses with honey can be done daily without harm to the feet. The duration of the course is extended until the desired effect is achieved.

Prevention of corns, calluses and rough skin of the feet

By doing a great job, you can achieve amazing results. Smooth and healthy feet will please and delight, but many people face the problem of the appearance of rough skin again and again. Having achieved the desired result, it is necessary to maintain the effect with preventive procedures.

Daily foot care allows you not to think about how to clean your heels from rough skin again. The obligatory evening toilet includes:

• with medicinal herbs and essential oils;
• regular use of scrubs and fine-grained foot files;
• daily use of foot creams with vitamins A and E;
• using a personal towel to wipe the skin of the feet.

Shoes should be subject to increased requirements. Ideally, if it is made of natural materials and an anatomically correct block. In this case, the feet will be provided with air circulation, and the orthopedic lining will ensure the correct distribution of the load on the foot when walking, eliminating the appearance of corns.

It should be added that the daily work of caring for the feet will be rewarded with admiring glances of others at the sight of your feet.

Diabetes mellitus is a severe chronic disease that is accompanied by a huge number of complications. The most formidable of them can be considered diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). According to the World Health Organization, this syndrome occurs in 15% of patients with diabetes for 5 years or more.

Diabetic foot syndrome - pathological changes in the nervous system, arterial and capillary bed, which can lead to the formation of ulcerative necrotic processes and.

About 85% of such cases are trophic foot ulcers, the rest are abscesses, phlegmon, tendovaginitis and purulent arthritis. This also includes a non-purulent destructive lesion of the bones of the extremities - diabetic osteoarthropathy.

The main causes of diabetic foot syndrome

In diabetes, there is an insufficient production of the hormone - insulin, the function of which is to help glucose (sugar) reach the cells of the body from the bloodstream, therefore, with its deficiency, over time, disrupting blood flow in the vessels, affecting nerve fibers. Ischemia (lack of blood circulation) leads to a violation of wound healing, and nerve damage leads to a decrease in sensitivity.

These disorders contribute to the development of trophic ulcers, which in turn develop into gangrene. Any cracks, abrasions turn into open ulcers, and hidden ulcers form under the calluses and keratinized layers.

The reason for the late start of treatment and amputation of the limbs is that the patient does not notice the changes taking place for a long time, since most often he does not pay attention to his feet. Due to poor blood supply to the legs against the background of reduced sensitivity, pain from cuts and abrasions is not felt by the patient, and even an ulcer may go unnoticed for a long time.

Usually, the foot is damaged in those places that bear the entire load when walking, cracks form under the insensitive layer of the skin, into which the infection enters, creating favorable conditions for the occurrence of a purulent wound. Such ulcers can affect the legs up to the bones, tendons. Therefore, in the end, there is a need for amputation.

In the world, 70% of all amputations are associated with diabetes, and with timely and constant treatment, almost 85% of them could be prevented. Today, when the offices of the Diabetic Foot are operating, the number of amputations has decreased by 2 times, the number of deaths has decreased, conservative treatment is 65%. However, the actual number of diabetic patients is 3-4 times higher than the statistical data, since many do not suspect that they are sick.

So, the causes of the development of diabetic foot syndrome are:

• decreased sensation in the extremities (diabetic neuropathy)
• circulatory disorders in the arteries and small capillaries (diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy)
• foot deformity (due to motor neuropathy)
• dry skin

Decreased sensation - diabetic distal neuropathy

The main cause of nerve damage is the constant action of high glucose levels on nerve cells. This pathology in itself does not cause tissue necrosis. Ulcers occur for other, indirect reasons:

Ulcers that form after micro abrasions, cuts and abrasions heal very poorly, acquiring a chronic course. Wearing uncomfortable and tight shoes exacerbates damage to the skin. Trophic ulcers, growing and deepening, pass to muscle and bone tissue. According to studies, the development of neuropathic ulcers in 13% of cases leads to excessive thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis (hyperkeratosis), in 33% - the use of inadequate shoes, in 16% - the treatment of the foot with sharp objects.

Blood flow disorder - diabetic macroangiopathy

The deterioration of blood flow through the arteries of the legs is associated with atherosclerotic plaques (see). Atherosclerosis, which causes damage to large vessels, is severe in diabetes mellitus and has a number of features.

• the lower parts of the leg (shin arteries) are affected
• damage to the arteries of both legs and in several areas at once
• begins at an earlier age than in non-diabetic patients

Atherosclerosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus can cause tissue death and the formation of trophic ulcers on its own, without mechanical impact and injury. An insufficient amount of oxygen enters the skin and other parts of the foot (due to a sharp violation of blood flow), as a result, the skin dies. If the patient does not follow the precautions and additionally injures the skin, then the damage zone expands.

Typical clinical symptoms in this case are pain in the area of ​​the foot or ulcer, dryness and thinning of the skin, which is highly susceptible to microtrauma, especially in the area of ​​the fingers. According to studies, neuroischemic lesions are triggered in 39% of cases by fungal lesions of the feet, in 14% by treating the legs with sharp objects, and in 14% by careless removal of ingrown nails by a surgeon.

The most dramatic consequence of SDS is the amputation of the limb (small - within the foot and high - at the level of the lower leg and thigh), as well as the death of the patient from complications of the purulent-necrotic process (for example, from sepsis). Therefore, every diabetic patient should know the first symptoms of a diabetic foot.

Signs of diabetic foot injury

• The first sign of complications is a decrease in sensitivity:
  • vibrating first
  • then temperature
  • then painful
  • and tactile
• Also alert should be the appearance)
• A decrease or increase in foot temperature, that is, a very cold or hot foot, is a sign of circulatory problems or infection
• Increased leg fatigue when walking
• Pain in the legs - at rest, at night, or when walking certain distances
• Tingling, chilliness, burning feet, and other unusual sensations
• Discoloration of the skin of the legs - pale, reddish or bluish skin tones
• Hair reduction on the legs
• Changes in the shape and color of the nails, bruising under the nails are signs of a fungal infection or injury to the nail that can cause necrosis
• Long healing of scratches, wounds, calluses - instead of 1-2 weeks, 1-2 months, after the healing of wounds, dark marks remain that do not disappear
• Foot ulcers - do not heal for a long time, surrounded by thin, dry skin, often deep

Weekly, you should examine your legs, sitting on a chair in a mirror placed from below - you can simply examine your toes and upper part of the foot, pay attention to the interdigital space, feel and examine the heels and soles with a mirror. If any changes, cracks, cuts, non-ulcer pathologies are found, a podiatrist (foot specialist) should be consulted.

Patients with diabetes should visit a specialist at least once a year and check the condition of the lower extremities. If changes are detected, the podiatrist prescribes medication for the treatment of the feet, the angiologist performs operations on the vessels of the legs, if the manufacture of special insoles is required, then an angiosurgeon is required, special shoes - an orthopedist.

Depending on the predominance of a particular cause, the syndrome is divided into neuropathic and neuroischemic forms.

Risk groups for the development of SDS

Diagnosis of diabetic foot syndrome

At the first signs of trouble, a diabetic patient should contact a specialist and describe in detail the symptoms associated with diabetic foot. Ideally, if the city has a “Diabetic Foot” office with a competent podiatrist. In the absence of such, you can contact a therapist, surgeon or endocrinologist. An examination will be carried out to make a diagnosis.

Treatment of diabetic foot syndrome

All complications of diabetes mellitus are potentially dangerous and require mandatory therapy. Treatment of diabetic foot should be comprehensive.

Treatment of trophic ulcers with good blood flow in the limb:

• Careful treatment of the ulcer
• Limb unloading
• Antibacterial therapy to suppress infection
• Compensation for diabetes
• Rejection of bad habits
• Treatment of concomitant diseases that interfere with the healing of the ulcer.

Treatment of trophic ulcers with impaired blood flow (neuroischemic form of diabetic foot):

• All of the above
• Restoration of blood flow

Treatment of deep trophic ulcers with tissue necrosis:

• Surgery
• In the absence of effect - amputation

Trophic ulcer treatment

The doctor, after examination and examination, removes tissues that have lost their viability. As a result, the spread of infection is stopped. After mechanical cleaning, it is necessary to wash the entire surface of the ulcer. In no case is it allowed to treat with "brilliant green", iodine and other alcohol solutions that further damage the skin. For washing, saline or mild antiseptics are used. If during the treatment of the wound the doctor determines signs of excessive pressure, then he may prescribe unloading of the diseased limb.

Limb unloading

The key to successful treatment of ulcers is the complete removal of the load on the wound surface. This important condition is often not fulfilled, since the pain sensitivity of the leg is reduced, and the patient is able to lean on the sore leg. As a result, all treatment is ineffective.

• with leg ulcers, it is necessary to reduce the time spent in a vertical position
• with wounds on the dorsum of the foot, street shoes should be worn less often. Soft slippers are allowed.
• with ulcers on the supporting surface of one foot, unloading devices are used (immobilizing unloading bandage on the lower leg and foot). Contraindications to wearing such a device are deep tissue infection and severe limb ischemia. We must not forget that orthopedic shoes suitable for prevention are not applicable for unloading the foot.

Infection suppression

Healing of trophic ulcers and other defects is possible only after the infectious process subsides. Washing the wound with antiseptics is not enough; systemic antibiotic therapy for a long time is necessary for a cure. In the neuropathic form of SDS, antimicrobial agents are used in half of the patients, and in the ischemic form, such drugs are necessary for everyone.

Glucose Compensation

A significant increase in blood glucose levels causes the appearance of new trophic ulcers and complicates the healing of existing ones due to nerve damage. With the right antidiabetic drugs, insulin pumps or insulin doses, diabetes can be controlled, minimizing the risk of diabetic foot.

Rejection of bad habits

Smoking increases the risk of atherosclerosis of the vessels of the lower leg, reducing the chances of saving the limb. Alcohol abuse causes alcoholic neuropathy, which, together with diabetic nerve damage, leads to trophic ulcers. In addition, alcohol intake excludes stable compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, as a result, the glucose level in drinking patients is constantly elevated.

Treatment of comorbidities

Many diseases and conditions, unpleasant in themselves, become dangerous with diabetes. They slow down the healing of trophic ulcers, increasing the risk of gangrene and amputation of the foot. The most undesirable companions of diabetes include:

• anemia
• unbalanced and malnutrition
• chronic renal failure
• liver disease
• malignant neoplasms
• therapy with hormones and cytostatics
• depression

In the conditions described above, the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome should be especially thorough.

Restoration of blood flow in the lower extremities

In the neuroischemic form of the diabetic foot syndrome, the blood flow is so disturbed that the healing of even the smallest ulcer becomes impossible. The result of this process sooner or later becomes amputation. Therefore, the only way to save the limb is to restore vascular patency. Medical restoration of blood flow in the legs is often ineffective, therefore, in case of arterial insufficiency, surgical methods are usually used: bypass surgery and intravascular operations.

Surgical treatment of purulent-necrotic processes

• cleansing and drainage of deep ulcers. With a deep ulcer, drainage is placed on its bottom, through which the outflow of secretions occurs. This improves healing.
• removal of non-viable bones (for osteomyelitis, for example)
• plastic surgery for extensive wound defects. The replacement of damaged integuments with artificial leather is widely used.
• amputations (depending on the level of the lesion, they can be small and high)

Amputation of a limb is an extreme measure used in case of a severe general condition of the patient or failures in other methods of treatment. After amputation, restorative treatment and compensation for diabetes mellitus are necessary for better healing of the stump.

Basic rules for foot care

It is much easier to prevent the development of diabetic foot syndrome than to cure it. Diabetes is a chronic disease, so careful foot care should become a daily habit. There are a few simple rules, the observance of which significantly reduces the incidence of trophic ulcers.

The main problem for a diabetic patient is the selection of shoes. Due to a decrease in tactile sensitivity, patients wear tight, uncomfortable shoes for years, causing irreversible skin damage. There are clear criteria by which a diabetic patient should select shoes.

There are a few more important rules for foot care in diabetes:

Hyperkeratosis (keratinization of the skin) in places of increased mechanical pressure is a provocative risk factor for the formation of an ulcer. Therefore, the prevention of their development includes the treatment of problem areas of the foot, the removal of hyperkeratosis, the use of nourishing and moisturizing and foot creams. Horny areas are removed mechanically with a scaler or scalpel without injuring the skin layer only by a doctor.

Even 10-15 years ago, any ulcer on the foot of a diabetic patient sooner or later led to limb amputation. The decrease in activity as a result of the mutilation operation caused a number of complications, life expectancy decreased significantly. Currently, doctors are doing their best to save the leg and return the patient to their usual way of life. With active participation in the treatment of the patient himself, this formidable complication has a very favorable prognosis.

Frequently asked questions to the endocrinologist

Is it true that with type 1 diabetes, the formation of a diabetic foot is impossible?

No, the risk of developing SDS depends only on the length of time you have had diabetes. Controlling glucose levels in type 1 diabetes is more difficult, so complications often develop.

I have been suffering from diabetes for 12 years. Recently, a wound appeared on the big toe. After treatment with lotions with Vishnevsky's ointment, liquid began to ooze from the wound. I do not feel pain, can I postpone my visit to the doctor?

Using ointments that do not allow air to pass through is a big mistake. In this regard, the wound on your leg became infected, so a visit to the doctor should not be postponed!

Six months ago, she underwent amputation of the foot of her left leg due to the ischemic form of SDS. A week ago, the stump was swollen, became cyanotic. What is it and what should be done?

There are 2 options: recurrence of circulatory disorders and infection of the stump. Urgent consultation of the surgeon is necessary!

Do diabetics need orthopedic shoes?

If there are no injuries on the feet or they recover quickly, it is enough to wear very comfortable ordinary shoes. If trophic ulcers often bother you, and the bones and joints of the foot are deformed, then you cannot do without special orthopedic shoes.

Can a person with type 2 diabetes take hot baths?

Hot baths are undesirable due to the risk of burns or overheating of the limb, which will lead to the development of a diabetic foot.

I'm afraid of amputation, so I don't go to the doctor about several ulcers on my legs, I'm treated with folk methods. How often are legs amputated in SDS?

The amputation rate has been dropping rapidly in recent years. Powerful antibiotic therapy, ulcer cleansing, and good hygiene can save the limb in most cases. Radical measures are taken only when the life of the patient is threatened. Timely access to a specialist increases the chances of a favorable outcome.

One of the most common methods of treating feet is a classic pedicure, or, as it is also called, edged. The essence of this method is that the keratinized skin and cuticle are cut off with the help of special tools. The procedure is carried out both in the salon and at home.

It is worth figuring out how to perform a trimmed pedicure at home. Thanks to such skills, you can quickly put your legs in order, even if there is no money and time to visit the salon. All necessary tools are on sale. And in how to do such a pedicure, there is nothing complicated.

What tools are needed for a pedicure?

To properly do a trimmed pedicure at home, you will need tools and devices such as:

• small basin - for the bath;
• means for disinfection;
• grater or pedicure machine;
• grinding file for processing the skin of the feet;
• nailfile;
• wire cutters;
• cuticle scissors;
• means for decorative processing of nails.

For the procedure, it is preferable to use new instruments. Machine tools with a cutting surface must be sharp enough. The use of blunt instruments increases the risk of injury. Blades must be handled with great care.

Before proceeding with the procedure, all instruments are treated with a disinfectant. This will prevent infection. The issue of disinfection is acute in the salons, as they are visited by a large number of customers. To avoid infection, along with the use of bactericidal agents, the instruments are kept in ultraviolet sterilizers. Before starting a classic pedicure, the client's feet are also treated with an antiseptic.

The progress of the classic pedicure on your own

When all the tools are prepared, you can proceed to the procedure.

The whole procedure will take an hour and a half. There is no general rule on how often to do a trimmed pedicure. Experts advise doing it at least once a month. Depending on the characteristics, the procedure can be carried out more often.

What else you need to know about the classic pedicure

As you can see from the name of the pedicure - edged - during the procedure, calluses and areas with rough skin are cut off. Care must be taken to properly handle the blade. If you press too hard on the tool, cuts will remain on the skin. When treating the feet, wounds inevitably appear, so the application of bactericidal preparations is necessary.

Classic pedicure has contraindications. First, it is diabetes. If the integrity of the skin is violated, there is always the possibility of infection. Secondly, the presence of a fungus. Infected particles remain on the instruments used. With fungal infections, it is right to do a special medical pedicure, which is offered in salons.

Hardware or edging - how to choose a view

Hardware pedicure is carried out using equipment with grinding nozzles. For softening, a special agent is applied to the skin of the feet and left for 15 minutes. Then adjust the length of the nails, grind their surface.

Hardware pedicure, as well as edged, involves the processing of the cuticle. After the correction of the nails, they proceed to polishing the skin of the feet, the master selects which type of nozzles is best to use. When finished, oil is applied to the feet. Nails are covered with decorative varnish or medical.

Whatever type of pedicure you take, each has its pros and cons. Hardware has a higher price. However, when using nozzles, a foot massage occurs, and regular performance allows you to eliminate corns and reduce the likelihood of their occurrence. In terms of time, processing lasts the same 1-1.5 hours. The duration of the procedure depends largely on the initial condition of the skin of the legs.

Hardware pedicure is better in terms of safety. During the procedure, healthy tissues are not injured, only dead skin cells are removed. This allows you to prolong the effect.

Hardware pedicure does not require baths to soften the skin of the feet, namely the water environment is beneficial for the development of bacteria. Edged pedicure is distinguished by its availability and the ability to do it at home. The choice depends on preferences and individual characteristics. In any case, the professionalism of the master plays a key role. It is worth trying different methods and choosing the best option.