hair extension theory Ways to increase the bank's own funds. Ultrasonic hair extension

Every woman dreams of beautiful big eyes, framed by thick and long eyelashes. And if nature did not give her such eyelashes, then she has to look for ways - how to make her thin eyelashes "Hollywood".

Therefore, when the eyelash extension technique was created, which is done in stages in any beauty salon, the women of fashion perked up and decided to quickly make themselves such "Hollywood" eyelashes.

Step by step instructions for eyelash extensions

The extension technology itself consists in gluing several single or bunches of artificial eyelashes to the base of one's own female eyelashes. Previously, it was believed that in order to avoid unpleasant consequences, it is better to carry out such a procedure with the help of a professional master exclusively in a beauty salon.

One of the types of eyelash extensions

But due to the high cost of such a procedure, many women have learned how to do extensions on their own at home.

The technique includes the preparatory stage and the main one. The step-by-step extension process is simple, and if you approach it with maximum attention and responsibility, you can build eyelashes even at home.

Consider first the classification of types and methods of building.

There are two main types of extensions:

eyelash - with this method, the cilia look natural and last longer;
beam (a bunch of artificial ones is attached to one of its eyelashes) - the look becomes more expressive, but the bunches will not last long.

Eyelash extensions vary:

length: short, medium and long;
by color: the most commonly used are black and brown, there are other colors;
according to the material: natural or artificial.

There are also various extension methods:

partial extension - when synthetic cilia are glued only in the corners or at a certain interval (usually they are longer than their own);
complete - when the cilia are glued along the entire line, with each artificial one joining its own;
3D-building - sticks to each of its 2 synthetic ones, a three-dimensional effect is created;
creative extension (eyelashes of different colors with sparkles or rhinestones).

The duration of wearing artificial eyelash extensions is usually 2 weeks, after which they gradually begin to fall out. This process is usually invisible to others.

When choosing eyelash extensions, you need to take into account their length, thickness, hair stiffness and bend.

When choosing eyelash extensions, you need to take into account the length, thickness, stiffness of the hairs and their bend when buying. Most often this is indicated on the packaging. The technique of the process itself can be mastered in stages by yourself, guided by the recommendations in this article.

With piece eyelash extensions, you must first choose the right type of cilia.

In total there are 4 types of eyelashes according to the type of material:

silk eyelashes - quite voluminous, slightly shiny, they will lengthen and add volume to their eyelashes (evening option, but not everyday);
mink eyelashes - light and thin, suitable for everyday wear, but have a drawback (may cause an allergic reaction);
sable eyelashes are heavier, so they do not stick to very thin own eyelashes, although they look very impressive;
artificial eyelashes - they are glued very simply (15 min.), but they last 1-2 evenings.

The thickness of the hairs that will be glued to the eyelashes should be no more than 0.15 mm, because thicker ones (from 0.2 mm) give a “doll-like” effect and are used for very catchy evening makeup.

It is better to choose the length of the hairs in the range of 10-18 mm. When buying, it is optimal to choose a set with hairs of various lengths, then longer ones are suitable for the outer corners of the eyes, shorter hairs for the inner ones.

Effects to create an image

There are also various effects used to create a specific eye look:

Natural- the look becomes expressive without the use of cosmetics.
fox effect- cilia of different lengths are used (usually 3), while the outer corner of the eye is visually lengthened.
Squirrel- synthetic eyelashes are glued of different lengths, short - closer to the inner side, long - to the outer side of the eye, creating the effect of mystery.
Puppet- eyelashes 12-15 mm long are selected, giving a look of puppetry and coquetry.

Main rule

The classic eyelash extension method is the basis of the lash industry. This extension technique is popular, because. Eyelashes are lengthened in stages in a natural way by gluing artificial or thickening your own eyelashes.

This type of extension is widespread in Europe and supports the idea of "naturalness" in makeup, when the eyes look spectacular without signs of excessive cosmetics.

The main rule for classic eyelash extensions is gluing one artificial eyelash to one of your own.

The main rule for classic eyelash extensions is to glue one artificial eyelash onto one of your own.

There are several basic guidelines for this procedure:

The distance from the base of your eyelash to the beginning of the artificial eyelash is 0.5-1 mm.
An artificial eyelash should be glued to its own in the direction from the base to the middle, and it is at the base that the eyelash is glued more tightly.
The autonomy of each individual eyelash must be respected. If they stick together, then subsequently, with a difference in the growth of different eyelashes, a woman will feel discomfort.
When sticking the entire row of eyelashes, it is necessary to set them in one direction so that there is no “tousled effect”.

Necessary tools and materials

For a phased home eyelash extension, you need to prepare a set of special tools, without which it is impossible to do it correctly and painlessly. All the technique and the process itself take place directly in contact with the eyes, so it is completely unacceptable for infection to get into the eyes.

List of required tools:

high-quality hypoallergenic glue (usually black);
several toothpicks;
packing of cotton pads;
small tweezers, preferably two;
container for glue (preferably made of plastic) or glass;
spray-degreaser for eyelashes;

Preparation

To prepare for the extension procedure you need:

Prepare your hands(wash thoroughly with soap) and face (remove makeup).
Glue your bottom lashes to your skin. For this, special silicone pads or just paper tape are usually used. You need to stick it, starting from the corner, so that all the lower eyelashes are closed and do not interfere with work.

Carefully! When sticking, you need to make sure that the eye is closed. It is important that the glue and its fumes do not get on the mucous membrane of the eye, otherwise there will be a chemical burn, “tears will flow”.

Degreasing those eyelashes on which the extension will be made using a degreasing spray. We sprinkle a little liquid from the spray onto a cotton swab and carefully draw it along all the upper eyelashes, first in one, then in the opposite direction.

The preparatory process is over. Now, in order to master the technique of eyelash extensions, we will consider step by step how this is done.

Individual eyelash extensions step by step

After all the tools have been prepared and a set with eyelashes has been purchased, we will begin the extension process.

Note! If you are doing extensions for the first time in your life, then it is best to invite a friend or a more experienced person to help you so that they can objectively evaluate the result when sticking each individual eyelash.

The most popular classic extension method involves gluing one artificial hair onto one of your eyelashes.

With eyelash extensions, each eyelash is taken with tweezers.

For eyelash extension for each eye, you need 80-120 artificial eyelashes:

Glue is squeezed onto the glass.
Each eyelash is taken with tweezers and with a blunt tip is lowered into the glue to the middle.
Then the eyelash is glued, retreating 0.5-1 mm from the eyelid, to each own eyelash separately. At the same time, short cilia are glued to the inner corners of the eye, and the longest ones are glued to the outer corners. This creates the effect of "cat's eye".
Professional masters advise to do several gluing procedures for each eye - 25-30 pieces for the first approach, then move on to the other eye. And so in succession.
During the last approach, empty gaps are closed, and then both eyes are visually aligned in terms of the number of cilia.

Bundle extensions step by step

The beam look is also called "Hollywood" because it is considered a solemn style. Bundles last a maximum of 2-3 weeks.

Bundles with eyelashes are knotless type and nodular. A knot is a ball at the junction of several artificial cilia. If there is a knot, the bundle is easier to stick on, but it will be visible on the eyelashes at the end of the procedure.

15-20 bundles are usually glued to each eye

Knotless bundles (without balls) have a gentle mount and are glued to the skin of the eyelids.

The bundles also vary in length and density. Often in beauty salons, rhinestones are also glued for originality.

15-20 bunches are usually glued to each eye.

Step-by-step gluing of beams:

drip glue on the prepared glass;
a bunch of eyelashes is taken with long tweezers, the tip should be slightly dipped in glue;
own eyelashes in the right place are moved apart with the help of another tweezers, then the bundle is glued into this gap between the eyelashes either to the base of your own eyelash or to the eyelid itself;
the direction of gluing is from the outer corner of the eye to the inner one, the beams must be distributed evenly along the eyelid so that there are no gaps.

Eyelash extension using Japanese technology

The most popular and effective technique today is the Japanese eyelash extension technology for each individual eyelash. With the help of a step-by-step instruction of this technique, any woman can do it at home.

Japanese technique (step by step):

Pour the hairs onto white paper or a towel and choose the ones you need, sorting them according to length or other parameters.
Prepare the glue - pour it into a small container.
Degrease the tweezers with a special solution.
Using a degreaser, treat the area around the eyes and your eyelashes, put wet cotton pads (halves) under the lower eyelids to protect the skin from glue.
Own eyelashes need to be combed and separated with a brush.
Each artificial eyelash is taken by the tip with tweezers, the base is lowered briefly into the glue, and then applied to its own eyelash near the base. The rest of your eyelashes, so as not to interfere, with a toothpick you need to move away. For high-quality attachment of an artificial hair, it must be slightly pressed against the eyelash.
The direction when gluing is from the outer to the inner edge of the eye.
All eyelashes must be laid in the same direction.
After the end of the procedure, you need to lie down and wait with your eyes closed for several minutes for high-quality gluing of hairs.

Correction of single eyelash extensions

Typically, eyelash extensions last about 3-4 weeks. As a rule, once a month it is necessary to make a correction. With oily skin, correction is done more often.

If a woman used additional tinting of extended eyelashes with mascara, then she would have to redo all the work: remove the eyelashes, because the carcass clogs into the roots of the eyelashes and it is impossible to remove it from there. Gluing eyelashes in this case is done again.

Eyelash extension care after correction

There are several rules for the care of eyelash extensions:

you can wet the eyelashes only 2-3 hours after the extension procedure, so that the glue has time to grab well;
you can not sleep with your face in the pillow;
you can not rub your eyes;
the washing process is carried out very carefully, because. getting wet reduces the period of wearing eyelashes;
it is better to refrain from visiting the sauna due to the possibility of straightening artificial eyelashes at high temperatures (approx. 100º);
you can’t cry, it’s also better to refrain from sea bathing (salt water does not have a very positive effect on glued eyelashes);
to wash off makeup, it will be optimal to use a tonic, and not a greasy cream (fat helps dissolve eyelash glue), you can also not use cosmetics with alcohol, this can greatly dry the skin on the eyelids;
to wash off cosmetics, it is best to use a cotton swab and do this without touching the eyelashes.

It is better to refrain from visiting the sauna temporarily

Removal of eyelash extensions

To remove artificial eyelashes, a special tool is used - a cream-paste for removing extended eyelashes. The paste should be rubbed into the base of the roots of the eyelashes and held for 15 minutes. Then the artificial eyelashes are carefully removed, the remaining excess cream is removed, everything is washed with warm soapy water.

It is important to know! When you take off the artificial eyelashes, your own will seem terrible - sparse and short. Don't be scared! This is not because your own fell out, but because you are visually accustomed to synthetic, thick and beautiful.

Contraindications to the extension procedure:

cold or SARS;
tendency to conjunctivitis or blepharitis;
allergic to glue or synthetic eyelashes;
very oily skin of the face or eyelids;
very weak and thin own eyelashes cannot withstand the weight of artificial ones;
high eye sensitivity and tearfulness.

Sterilization of instruments is the main rule that cannot be dispensed with.
With eyelash extension, which is a more complex procedure, you need to make sure that the glued cilia “look in one direction”.
The lifespan of natural eyelashes is about a month, so when building, it is better to choose shorter eyelashes that will grow longer.
It is very important not to allow the eyelashes to stick together during the extension process.

Common rookie mistakes:

incorrect gluing of the artificial eyelash along the entire length - it is best to fix the eyelash from the base to the middle of your own eyelash;
incorrect interval between the eyelid and the glued eyelash (should be 0.5-1 mm) - when the eyelash is glued to the skin of the eyelid, the woman has a feeling of tight skin and discomfort when wearing;
if the eyelash is glued far from the base, then an extra free edge is formed, the eyelash “dangles”, which reduces the wearing time of such eyelashes;
gluing several lashes together prevents them from growing normally, which speeds up the loss of their lashes.

After reading this article, a woman who wants to have "Hollywood" eyelashes will understand that the main thing is enthusiasm and experience. The correct eyelash extension technique described in this article will help you to follow all the steps step by step, gain experience and get an impressive result - beautiful thick eyelashes.

Master class on eyelash extension leads E. Lange:

See how eyelash extensions are done here:

The beam extension technique is shown in detail here:

Do you have thin, sparse and brittle hair that lacks volume? Do you want to have silky, thick and long curls, but in no way can you achieve the desired result? You do not have to put up with the current state of hair, in almost every hairdresser you can get artificial hair extensions. You will find information about the varieties of this procedure, their features, technique and general contraindications in our article.

Hair extension methods and technologies

The extension of artificial curls has several methods and technologies. We will talk about them below.

Experts are accustomed to distinguish 2 ways to build donor strands: hot and cold.

The hot extension technique involves the use of a melted adhesive composition, with which the artificial curl is connected to native hair. Thanks to the latest developments, donor strand attachments are able to melt at low temperatures or under the action of ultrasound, which cannot harm natural curls. At the same time, the mounts do not require additional protection, so you do not have to worry about their integrity while visiting the sauna, sea, pool or bath.
The cold extension technique is considered safer for the hair and epidermis. When using it, natural strands are not subjected to thermal action, artificial elements are attached to the skin / hair with the help of braids, glue, clips, etc.

Artificial hair extension technologies are constantly being improved. It is possible that in a few years improved techniques will allow women to independently use the most complex and long-term extension techniques without leaving their own apartment.

There are many more technologies for increasing donor elements. You will learn about them below.

This type of procedure refers to the cold method. For its implementation, adhesive tape with artificial strands is used, which is attached to the roots of native curls, and rests on them until the adhesion point is treated with a special solution (i.e., during the correction or removal of extended elements). The adhesive substance used for tape extension leaves no residue, is harmless to the dermis and strands and allows you to complete the procedure as quickly as possible. The result of the extension can last from 2 months to a year, but only with timely corrections and careful care of the hair. The named type of extension allows you to freely visit the pool, solarium, sauna, bath, swim in salty sea water, etc. The tape technique is suitable for improving the appearance of thin non-volume hairs. This procedure will take approximately 90 minutes.

On a note: after tape extensions, you need to carefully approach the choice of hairstyle, because. areas with attached donor curls can be conspicuous and give away your little “secret”. When visiting the gym and during sleep, it is recommended to braid the curls into a braid to prevent them from tangling.

Another name is tress building. The named procedure is also a cold extension. In addition, the tress method is recognized as the safest for hair, because. in its implementation, neither the skin nor the hair is treated with adhesives and is not subjected to thermal action. To carry out afro extensions, the master braids horizontal braids from your hair, to which donor curls are attached using a special hook (hairdressers call them tresses). For each part of the head, different wefts are used: they are narrow at the temples, and wide at the back of the head.

Tress building will take you about 3 hours, while the duration of wearing artificial elements depends on the growth rate of native curls. On average, you will need to carry out a correction 1 or 2 times a month.

On a note: after hair extensions, you can not collect curls in a high tail, because. braided pigtails will be very noticeable to people around.

This kind of procedure belongs to the category of the easiest to carry out and affordable. Clip-on technology is a cold method of extension, which any girl can do. With its help, a woman can lengthen her hair anywhere and anytime, make her hair voluminous, add colored curls, creating the effect of colored or highlighted hair. The essence of clip-on extensions is simple to disgrace: a strip of artificial strands at the end has clips - special clips that are attached to the roots of natural hair. After a few workouts, you can quickly put on extensions and style them in the desired hairstyle. Clip-on extensions cannot be attributed to long-term techniques: if you go to bed with donor strands, then in the morning your hairstyle will resemble a “haystack” of tangled curls and artificial elements that have moved in different directions.

On a note: after clip-on extensions, you cannot create high, tight hairstyles and weaves: the clips will not withstand such a load and will look out of your natural hair carelessly.

This technique is the youngest of all listed. This method of extension is carried out in a cold way with the help of beads made of cermet, the color of which is selected for each woman individually. The technique for implementing this procedure is as follows: a bead is attached to your native strand along with a donor curl at a distance of 5 mm from the roots. Bead extensions help to get long strands even with very short natural hair. You can also grow bangs in this way. Despite the amazing result, this technology has one serious drawback - the mechanical effect on the strands. Rubbing beads on curls leads to injury to the hair, which makes it brittle, weak and damaged.

Hair extensions with beads can be worn for 2.5 to 6 months. The first correction is best done a month after the first build-up.

On a note: when choosing this technology, be careful when combing your hair: the comb should not touch the metal beads.

This technique is also a cold extension method, in which donor strands are glued to the scalp. During its implementation, the master conditionally divides the head into several sections, removes the hair into partings and glues the strips of finished strands to the epidermis. Bonding allows you to quickly grow hair, however, the glue with which artificial elements are attached can adversely affect the condition of the dermis and native hair. On average, the described type of extension will please you for about a month, at the slightest sign of peeling off artificial elements, you will need to visit your hairdresser and carry out an early correction.

On a note: after bonding, it is necessary to approach the choice of hairstyles more carefully, because. many of them can cause the donor strands to peel off and ruin the look of the renewed hair. Also, be careful when combing and washing your hair.

The second name is South Korean. Another kind of cold method of building strands. It can be classified as non-standard methods. To implement the South Korean type of extension, the master puts a small ring on the native strand (half a centimeter from the roots of native hair), into which an artificial curl is threaded. To secure the ring, the hairdresser clamps it with tongs. This method is suitable only for those women who are used to sleeping in curlers. Rings attached to your hair will be very noticeable, especially during sleep. The extension procedure itself lasts approximately 2 hours, the first correction can be carried out after 3-5 months.

On a note: comb the strands carefully: with the wrong actions, you can rip off the rings and worsen the appearance of the hairstyle.

This type of procedure has a lot of options for execution. The essence of the capsule method is gluing an artificial strand and native hairs using a small capsule, which is heated and attached to the roots of curls with special glue or keratin. The substance under the action of high temperatures melts and connects both strands. The named technique can be carried out both hot and cold (depending on the subspecies of this procedure). Due to the wide variety in the choice of extensions by the capsule method, each lady will be able to choose exactly the method that suits her in all respects.

This technique can be attributed to hot methods, however, in this case, the hair is not subjected to the thermal effects that are familiar to us. This type of extension involves gluing the native strand with the donor element using a capsule, which is heated with an ultrasonic gun. One such manipulation takes no more than 2 seconds. The disadvantages of this method include the composition of the capsule, which contains substances harmful to the hair (including keratin). This type of extension will take about 3 hours, the first correction will be needed after 2 months.

On a note: ultrasonic extension allows you to experiment with any hairstyle and styling.

Italian technology

Another hot extension technique. To connect the donor element and native curls, special forceps are used, while the junction can be either convex or flat. Before use, the capsule is treated with a resinous composition, which allows you to increase the duration of wear of extended elements. Hair extensions according to the Italian technique will take from 2 to 4 hours, the first correction is carried out after 2 months.

On a note: like ultrasonic hair extensions, Italian technique allows you to create different hairstyles. But in its implementation, you will have to forget about the sea, sauna, pool and bath.

This procedure is similar to the Italian technology, but instead of tongs, a heat gun and glue are used here. Therefore, the period of wear, the implementation of correction and other features are absolutely identical to the previous extension technology.

It is carried out in a cold way. Donor elements are attached to natural strands with a fixative and glue. After drying, the glue turns white, so this extension can be carried out only for fair-haired beauties. Building in the described way will take from 3 to 5 hours, after 4 months it will be necessary to carry out the first correction.

On a note: the features of building up donor elements by the Spanish method are the same as those of the ultrasonic and Italian methods: a ban on visiting the pool, sauna, bath and swimming in the sea, as well as the absence of restrictions in creating any hairstyle.

french technology

It acts as an analogue of Spanish technology with the only difference: the master adds a dye to the glue, which is selected individually for the color of his client's hair. All the features of building strands according to the French method are similar to the previous technology.

You can also hear about Brazilian extension technology: this method involves straightening curls with keratin, which makes curly strands straight and, as a result, longer.

Contraindications

All of the listed types of extension strands have a list of common contraindications, which we have given below:

Dermatological diseases;
Alopecia or partial loss of curls;
Hormonal failures;
Recovery periods after suffering a nervous breakdown, depression or stress;
The first 2-4 months after childbirth.

The choice of extension technologies is quite large, before starting the procedure, ask the hairdresser for all the information you are interested in, inquire about the durability of the future hairstyle, the nuances of the correction, the dangers of the fixing composition for the hair, etc. You can find out how to care for the extended curls in our article: "Caring for hair extensions".

Quick navigation

Women are very fond of change, but what else to experiment with, if not with hair? Curl, straighten, dye, cut - all this is easy and simple to do. But to quickly grow hair, literally in a few hours, it was not possible before.

But, fortunately, hair extensions have recently become available, which allows you to change your appearance quickly and painlessly. Any woman can choose the appropriate method, depending on the characteristics of her hair.

Artificial curls help to increase the length and thickness of the hair.

from nature. The procedure will give the missing volume;
Image change. If you have always dreamed of, but could not grow them in any way, then extensions will help add length to the desired level;
Extended strands can be dyed so as not to harm your hair;
You can add hair extensions to create an unusual hairstyle for any special occasion.

Contraindications

Of course, not everything is so rosy, and hair extensions have their drawbacks. The procedure has a number of restrictions under which its implementation is undesirable or prohibited:

, psoriasis or seborrhea.
Allergic reaction to any materials used during extension.
It is not recommended to grow hair after hormonal failure, pregnant and lactating women. In this case, the load on weakened brittle hair can lead to increased hair loss.
Too much . If the length of your own strands is less than 5 cm, then the extension may be of poor quality and short.
Very damaged or brittle hair.
Baldness, or alopecia.
Infectious, fungal diseases.
If the scalp is damaged, then you need to wait for it to heal and only then proceed with the extension.

Types of hair used in extensions

One of the most important points in the procedure is the question - what material is the extension made of, where does the hair come from for all the manipulations?

The answer is simple: hair is purchased from girls who have decided to get rid of their hair. Most often, hair is rented by residents of Eastern Europe, Asia and India, who live in poor families. They have to take care of their hair carefully in order to sell it at a higher cost.

It is difficult to say unequivocally which type of hair is the best. Each type of strand has its own thickness, color and structure, so they must be selected individually, depending on the characteristics of your own hair.

In our country, the Slavic type of hair is most often chosen. To make sure the quality of the material used, you need to wash your hair - high-quality raw materials will retain their original neat appearance.

Slavic hair. The most sought after and expensive, they have an even, smooth cuticle, so that the strands look chic even without any processing. They can be straight, curly or curly, perfectly tolerate blow-drying or.

Slavic hair is obedient, they can make any original hairstyles. Best suited for owners of Slavic appearance.

European hair. In fact, they are brought not only from Europe, but also from India and Latin America. Their quality and price are not as high as those of the Slavic ones.

The strands undergo mandatory acid treatment, then are dyed and filled with silicone. In this case, the hair scales are removed completely or partially. The European type is suitable for girls with thick, porous, coarse and voluminous hair.

South Russian strands. They have an optimal price / quality ratio. As the name implies, hair is harvested in southern Russia and Siberia. Such strands are unpretentious and obedient, with proper care they last a long time. Soft and elastic, but not very thick strands will not suit girls with thick thick hair.

Asian. They are shipped from Korea and China. Hair may look luxurious, but in fact, usually their quality is poor. These are the most inexpensive strands.

The curls are treated with a special compound that helps to get rid of hair scales, then they are polished, dyed and coated with silicone. To keep the beauty of such hair longer, you have to take care of them more carefully.

Preparing for hair extensions

To choose the type of hair, their color and length, extension technology, you need to consult with a professional.

Note! Before carrying out the procedure, it is advisable to wet the strands to check their quality.

To prepare your hair for extensions, you need to wash and dry them thoroughly. It is forbidden to use masks, conditioners and balms.

The procedure itself takes 2-4 hours, so be prepared to spend half a day in the hairdresser's chair.

Types of hair extensions

Hair extensions are extremely relevant, because in just a few hours a woman can completely change her appearance and enjoy long hair. You can do a variety of hairstyles, curl curls, braid pigtails.

Correction is usually required 2-6 months after the procedure, to replace some strands. Hair extensions are suitable for all women with a natural length of 5-10 cm, depending on the type of procedure chosen.

Capsule hair extension

The second name for such an extension is Italian. Recently, it has become increasingly popular due to its aesthetic characteristics - the capsules are barely visible on the hair.

Extended strands are attached to natural hair using a molten keratin capsule. This substance is part of the structure of the hair, so its use does not cause any harm. The extension takes place in thin strands, which are hardly noticeable, even if you look closely. In total, 100 - 125 strands are required.

Benefits of capsule hair extensions:

The capsules are almost invisible, have a natural look, so you can do any hairstyle with them: straighten, curl, dye and tint strands, twist on curlers and do.
It is possible to add strands to bangs, parting and whiskey, they look natural and do not comb out.
Capsules do not change depending on the temperature effect, there are no restrictions on visiting the sauna and solarium.
Ease of hair care - such hair can be washed often, dried with a hairdryer.
Capsule extension gives not only length, but also the missing density. Capsules are attached all over the head, while they look like their own.

Capsule extensions are not suitable for owners of thin, weakened hair prone to falling out. The extension procedure can exacerbate the problem.

Disadvantages of capsule extension:

Keratin capsules may slide out of their original place.
Special care for hair, falling on the capsules, can destroy them.
In owners of oily scalp, under the influence of sebum, keratin plates are destroyed, reducing the period of wear of donor curls.
Immediately after the extension, it may be uncomfortable to lie down, the capsules will be felt on the hair and bring discomfort.

English extension technique

The same applies to hot extension techniques, but here a special gun is used that heats the keratin to the optimum temperature. In this case, the procedure is considered gentle and harmless.

The minimum length required for English hair extensions must be more than 6 cm, otherwise the donor strands will be visible. After the procedure, you will have to say goodbye to thermal procedures for hair and body, irons, hot curlers and curling irons can melt the capsules, as well as saunas and baths.

Keratin capsules lose their strength under the influence of masks and balms. English extension lasts no more than 3 months.

German extension technology (Bellargo)

Bellargo This is a type of hot hair extension. The strands are attached using a special apparatus with two thermal clamps to small sleeves. At the same time, the hair is not damaged, because it does not heat up. In total, 25-100 strands are needed for building.

The disadvantages of this method of extension is the need for special care: some types of cosmetic products provoke the loss of donor strands. Not all hairstyles are suitable, because sleeves can be visible on high hairstyles.

It is impossible to remove the extended curls on your own - there is a possibility of damaging your own hair.

Tape hair extension

Refers to cold extension methods, where thermal effects are excluded. For the procedure, a special adhesive composition is used, which is suitable even for thin, weakened hair.

This method is one of the fastest - literally in 1-2 hours a professional will be able to perform high-quality hair extensions. The effect of the procedure can last up to one year if you properly care for your hair.

At the same time, there are no restrictions on the actions performed with hair: you can go to the solarium, swimming pool, saunas. Cold extensions have less negative impact on the hair than hot extensions.

Disadvantages of tape extension:

When creating high and complex hairstyles, hair bands can be visible.
If the master does not have enough experience, then incorrectly glued donor strands can fall out, sometimes causing the loss of their own curls.
Poorly performed procedure can cause the formation of tangles.
The adhesive composition can adversely affect the hair and scalp.

All the shortcomings of tape hair extensions are related to the violation of the technology of the procedure, with its correct execution, there should be no such problems. In total, about 80 donor hair tapes are used.

There are only two types of tape hair extensions: Spanish and Japanese. They both refer to cold building.

Spanish technique involves the use of an adhesive composition, which contains a white or black dye, chosen to match the color of the hair. Such extensions are often used by girls with blond hair, because the extension site will be hardly noticeable, while you can keep your usual hair care, visit baths and saunas without fear of being left without hair, and of course, you can dye and lighten your hair with this type of extension.

The Spanish extension technique allows strands to be worn for up to 4 months, after which correction or removal of false curls may be required.

In Japanese hair extensions special metal beads, clips and clips are used. It is thanks to them that donor curls are attached at the roots of the hair. Small strands are threaded with a special hook through the clamps, which are clamped with pliers. Glue is not used, fixatives are chosen depending on the shade of the hair.

Correction is carried out after 2-3 months, as the hair grows back. This type of extension is suitable for women with dark, coarse hair. The hairdresser must verify the quality of the procedure two weeks after it is carried out.

Extensions with braids

This extension technique is perfect for girls who are worried about not ruining their hair. Unlike previous technologies, it does not use any chemicals and temperatures that can harm the hair.

Extensions on pigtails are almost imperceptible, but at the same time, donor hair is held firmly. The technology involves braiding a very thin pigtail across the back of the head, after which wefts are attached to it. Tress is a thin processed strand that resembles a narrow strip. One strand clings to one pigtail.

Correction is carried out as the hair grows: the pigtail is intertwined to be as close to the scalp as possible, and the braids are sewn on again, they can be used repeatedly.

Extensions with braids can be done even on thin hair. The procedure is harmless, the pigtail does not bring any inconvenience, moreover, its implementation does not require a long time. In total, up to 200 tresses may be needed.

The main disadvantages are:

Due to stress, you have to limit high styling, hairstyles with parting so that the pigtail and strand of hair are not noticeable.
Frequent correction. It has to be done every 2-3 months as the hair grows.

brazilian extension

It involves weaving braids from donor and own hair. This is the most modern and gentle way to build. During the procedure, keratin and hair glue are not used, there is no thermal effect on their structure, no chemicals are used.

For the procedure, all hair is divided into 4 approximately equal squares. Curls begin to grow from the lower back of the head. In this case, the width of the strand should not exceed 5 millimeters, it is better to use a thin comb to separate partings.

Donor strands can be artificial or natural, their width must match your own. A thin ordinary pigtail is braided, which is fixed with a loop of synthetic thread. The procedure is carried out over the entire head, while weaving occurs from the bottom up.

Correction is done every 3 months. The disadvantage of this method of extension is only the duration of the procedure.

Ultrasonic extension

This technology was invented in Hollywood. It is recommended to use it for those whose hair has been damaged by numerous styling, coloring, have dry and split ends. The keratin capsule is sealed under the influence of ultrasound, adding volume and giving the hairstyle a well-groomed and attractive look.

In total, about 120 strands are applied, which, with proper care, can be worn for about six months.

Hair clips

If you do not have the opportunity to grow your hair or are afraid of complex care, then clip-in hair is a great alternative. With their help, you can change your image to the point of unrecognizability.

Hair clips are not afraid of cosmetics, they can be dyed, curled, dried with a hairdryer. Compared to hair extensions, this method is more affordable.

The overhead strands are fixed with hairpins and clips, so you can do any hairstyle at home on your own. And of course, the main advantage is absolute harmlessness. So you don't have to wonder if extensions will harm your hair.

Clip-in hair disadvantages:

Not suitable for .
The abundance of hairpins brings a feeling of heaviness and causes a headache, so it is best not to wear them daily, but to use them exclusively for important events.
Fragility, they can come unfastened at the most inopportune moment, it is best to abandon them while going to the gym, pool or beach.

Hair extension- a procedure that allows you to change your image beyond recognition in just a few hours. A qualified master will be able not only to properly grow hair, but also give recommendations for their care, which must be followed in order to prolong the effect of the procedure and not harm your own curls.

Mikheeva N.N.

Orenburg State University E-mail: [email protected]

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOME WAYS TO GROW THE CAPITAL OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

The article analyzes possible sources of growth in the capital base of Russian commercial banks, discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Particular attention is paid to the problems of increasing the capital of regional banks in comparison with large banks. Key words: bank capital, capital base, capital increase.

The problem of determining the capital adequacy of a bank for a long time gives rise to a lot of scientific research and disputes between banks and regulators.

Each commercial bank independently determines the amount of own funds and their structure based on the development strategy adopted by it. If a bank, obeying the laws of competition, seeks to expand the range of its customers, including through large enterprises that are constantly in need of bank loans, then, naturally, its own capital should increase. The nature of active operations also affects the value of the bank's own capital. With a long-term diversion of resources into risky operations, the bank needs to have significant equity capital.

Capital raising can be done in several ways:

1. Direction of own profit to the capital of the bank. Profit capitalization can become a source of increasing the bank's own funds, and its size depends on the scale of activities and efficiency. Too high a share of retained earnings can lead to a reduction in dividend payments to shareholders. Ceteris paribus, this will reduce the market value of investments in the bank's capital, which may cause problems in attracting external sources of capital growth. We systematize the advantages and disadvantages of this source. Advantages:

1) the bank does not depend on the market for funds;

2) the costs of attracting own capital as a source of formation are excluded;

3) there is no threat of loss of control over the activities of the bank;

4) stimulates the bank to improve performance;

5) entitles the bank to independently determine the amount of retained profit.

Flaws:

1) increases tax payments to the budget;

2) depends on factors outside the sphere of direct influence of the bank;

3) affects the amount of profit allocated to the payment of dividends to shareholders.

2. Participation of the state in the capital of credit organizations. This method is possible only for state organizations or those in whose authorized capital the state owns a controlling stake. As an example, we can cite OJSC Rosselkhozbank, Sberbank of Russia (OJSC). Undoubtedly, the advantage of such a path can be considered a significant capitalization resource. But this option is unacceptable for regional banks deprived of state support.

3. Use of funds raised on the terms of subordinated debt. It can be provided by placing an issue of debt securities of the bank, opening special deposit accounts or obtaining long-term loans. Their use is carried out taking into account the fact that the funds raised in this way have fixed maturities and cannot be used to cover losses, except in the event of a bank liquidation. The use of this method depends on an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages inherent in this source of increasing the size of equity capital. The advantages of this method are:

1) providing the bank with the opportunity to increase earnings per share if the borrowed funds generate income in excess of the income paid on such debt obligations;

2) allows you to solve the problem of increasing the size of equity while reducing the amount of taxable profit, since interest on such obligations is included in its gross expenses;

3) does not affect the position of the owners and control over the activities of the bank;

4) limits the investment risks of market entities in time, since funds are attracted on an urgent basis;

5) is a simpler source of growth in the size of the bank's own capital than the placement of additional emission shares on the market;

6) does not depend on the legal form of the bank.

Flaws:

1) the investment risks of the bank's creditors are not excluded, since it operates under market conditions, and therefore is subject to the influence of risk factors of the external and internal environment of its functioning;

2) the ratio between the bank's own capital and borrowed resources is deteriorating, and this reduces its reliability;

3) the risk of violation of the capital adequacy ratio with the ensuing economic consequences for the bank is not excluded, since funds raised on the terms of subordinated debt are included in additional capital;

4) when issuing debt securities on the terms of subordinated debt, the bank bears the costs of organizing, placing and registering their issue;

5) the bank must comply with all the requirements of the legislation and regulations of the Bank of Russia and the Federal Financial Markets Service in terms of the issue and circulation of its subordinated bonds;

6) the application of this method can be considered as a temporary solution to the problem, since the amount of funds raised as a result of the issue of subordinated obligations is taken into account in the additional equity capital of the bank only for 5 years and taking into account its annual depreciation.

4. Raising funds from bank shareholders. Among the advantages of this path is the preservation of the structure of owners and the possibility for them to receive additional income from the development of the bank's activities. Issuing common stock is a more costly way to raise capital from external sources

because of the high placement costs and the high risk associated with shareholder returns declining relative to debt holders' returns. Each subsequent issue of new shares removes earnings per share, while changing both the degree and quality of control over the bank. The issue of new ordinary shares is possible if:

1) the bank strives to achieve the standard for the amount of equity capital established by the regulatory documents of the Bank of Russia. Such replenishment is more often carried out through an increase in the number of shares of existing shareholders - bank participants;

2) the advantage of issuing ordinary shares is that the increase in equity allows you to achieve liquidity goals, which over time makes it possible to increase the volume of loans in the interbank market and receive larger borrowed funds.

5. The issue of preferred shares is beneficial when they are gradually transferred to ordinary shares. Preferred shares may be issued after one issue of ordinary shares.

6. The sale of part of the assets, the lease of fixed assets allows you to create reserves for the revaluation of property, carry out accelerated depreciation and capitalize the received amounts into authorized capital.

7. Dividend policy - reducing and increasing dividends on shares is a flexible tool for increasing equity capital.

8. Bank's IPO. The placement of shares of commercial banks on the stock exchange is the most promising way to increase capitalization. The advantage of a public offering of shares over other methods of financing is a larger amount of funds raised, a significant number of investors, a fair price and increased business transparency. But the public offering of shares also has its drawbacks: “dilution” of the ownership structure, significant costs for the organization, preliminary preparation and placement of securities. And after this procedure, the work to maintain the market for outstanding shares comes to the fore - otherwise it is very easy to lose your reputation among investors.

The risk is that there may be a discrepancy between the existing corporate governance principles in the bank and the requirements that apply to effective

corporate governance of public companies. But, despite all these difficulties, equity financing can be considered as a relevant and promising way to increase the equity capital of a bank, but only for a part of banks: large banks that are really of interest to a wide range of potential investors, but not for small regional banks.

Also, the limited capital is determined by the limited ability of the shareholders of most regional banks to raise capital and immaturity to enter the IPO.

A highly competitive environment forces regional banks to act in constant competition with large federal Russian credit institutions. In such a situation, the lack of access for regional banks to the market of foreign loans and restrictions on participation in auctions for the allocation of budgetary funds actually contributes to the displacement of small financial institutions from the market.

To solve existing problems, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of Russian development institutions entering the capital of regional banks in order to increase the capitalization and degree of transparency of regional financial and credit organizations. In addition, measures to strengthen the position of regional banks are the development of the necessary regulations and procedures to allow banks with smaller capital to participate in auctions of the Ministry of Finance, and the implementation of mechanisms for obtaining subordinated loans on a competitive basis.

It can be concluded that for many banks, increasing capital through attracting a strategic investor is more preferable than entering an IPO. This is natural: if the goal is precisely to increase own funds, and not create a public story, attracting a strategic investor is usually more profitable than public offerings.

Regulatory capital requirements affect the day-to-day operations of banks. For large credit institutions, the problem of increasing capital is not so acute, since they have access to the stock markets, and these banks can issue additional ordinary and preferred shares or raise funds in the form of subordinated debt.

Small banks, due to their smaller opportunities and lack of a well-known reputation in the market, cannot take full advantage of this kind of markets. Often, such banks have to rely on internal (own) sources of capital replenishment, such as retained earnings, which have rather limited possibilities.

Despite their positive role in ensuring the stability and reliability of the bank, the requirements for the minimum level of capital adequacy are at the same time a deterrent to the growth of banking assets. The growth of assets must be supported by the growth of capital to meet the requirements of its sufficiency.

Consequently, a bank can only increase its assets by a certain percentage secured by its retained earnings and the possibility of issuing new capital. The need to increase capital can be avoided in cases where the bank restructures its assets and transfers part of them from a more risky group to a group with less risk. However, this entails a decrease in the potential profit of the bank, since assets with less risk have a lower income compared to operations with a higher degree of risk.

In general, an increase in the bank's own capital increases reliability, creates conditions for an increase in the deposit base, and, consequently, for the expansion of active profitable operations.

It should not be forgotten that when choosing between different sources of funding, a commercial bank must take into account the relative costs and risks associated with each of the available sources, the bank's overall exposure to risk, the impact of the chosen method of raising capital on shareholder returns, and the impact of government regulation ( tax system, the Central Bank of Russia).

Another problem for regional banks arises mainly from the lack of interbank lending, since regional banks have extremely limited access to public resources. As is known, one of the main factors in ensuring the stability of the banking sector is the availability of an effective mechanism for regulating banking liquidity. Moreover, this mechanism should include not only really working refinancing instruments

the Central Bank, and, above all, a well-organized interbank credit market, since it is interbank lending that is the main way of redistributing funds between banks. Everyone knows such a phrase - money should "work", i.e. generate income, especially in the bank. But in reality, surprisingly, not all the money in banks "works". All banks have short-term obligations to customers (funds on current accounts, short-term deposits, deposits, and others). Since they can be claimed by the client at any time, they cannot be used for lending to corporate clients or individuals.

The main difficulties in the interaction of banks in the interbank credit market are the risk of non-return of funds and the mistrust of banks to each other. Therefore, many banks, being reinsured, keep surplus funds on their correspondent accounts. The cautious position of banks towards the placement of free funds in the interbank credit market is evidenced by the stable interest of credit institutions in their placement in deposits of the Bank of Russia, while interest rates on them are lower than interbank lending rates.

As a result, despite the general sufficiency of banking liquidity, some banks suffer from a lack of it, while others cannot place funds in earning assets.

The center of the Russian interbank lending market is in Moscow; regional banks in most cases deal with Moscow credit institutions rather than with each other. Regional markets for interbank credit are still being formed, and banks have practically no interregional ties .

To prevent crisis situations and significant fluctuations in interest rates in the interbank market, a model of an effective mechanism for reducing banking risks is needed, based on certain principles:

Long healthy hair has always attracted attention, every girl dreams that everyone admires her hair. But not everyone manages to grow hair for various reasons. And someone just wants voluminous hair.

There is a way out - hair extensions, because modern technologies do not stand still. Well extended hair is difficult to distinguish from real hair. Actually real hair and extensions are made. They are Asian (Chinese), South Russian andSlavic.

There are various technologies for hair extensions, let's see which ones. Extension happens:
- tape
- on hairpins
- on tresses
- on rings
- building individual strands.

We'll talk about the latter. Technologies of such building are divided into 2 groups - hotter And cold. In turn, hot building is of three types:
- French;
- English;
- Italian;
And cold building up takes place according to Spanish technology.

French hair extension technology Hair is attached using protein capsules, heated with a special apparatus and glued to the roots of one's own hair using a three-component adhesive. The maximum length is 60 cm. The length of your own hair must be at least 20 cm. The capsules are very small and invisible.

When you follow all the recommendations for the care of hair extensions, you go with chic hair for up to six months. The main advantage of French hair extensions is that a tinting agent is added to the adhesive composition, with its help it is possible to choose the appropriate tone of the glue, so girls with any hair color can build hair using this technology.

English extension technology

Hair extensions are done using a special glue gun and keratin resin. That is, the capsule is formed by resin from the gun and may contain from 35 to 60 hairs.

The length of donor hair is from 30 to 70 cm. The minimum length of your own hair, on which gluing will be made, is from 6 cm. After about 3 months, it is necessary to make a correction. It is worth noting that with this technology, your hair practically does not deteriorate.

Italian hair extensions
As with French technology, ready-made capsules are used, which are attached using a special electrical apparatus at a temperature of 180-200 degrees.

The difference is that keratin is attached to the strands, which provides fixation for a long time.

Keratin melts and becomes liquid and is clamped together with your own strand of hair with the help of special tweezers. This method of extension can be used on hair with a length of 8 cm, lengthening is possible up to 70 cm.

Spanish hair extension technology
It is believed that this is the most gentle way for your hair extensions. Native hair is not subjected to heat treatment. The master himself forms the capsule using high-quality surgical glue. But there is one minus - when it dries, the glue becomes white. That is, such an extension is suitable only for blondes.

You can also carry out extensions using special metal beads that are threaded into your own hair and clamped with tweezers. But even these beads have only 4 shades. Hair is worn up to 6 months.

Hair extension master class