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Retinal dystrophy is a severe pathology associated with disorders in the structure of the retina. Reduced immunity, hereditary predisposition, bad habits, improperly performed ophthalmic operations, and so on lead to the disease.

The main symptom of dystrophy is decreased vision. A popular treatment method is laser photocoagulation. Rehabilitation lasts about two weeks, depending on the neglect of the disease. In the treatment, conservative methods, injections, physiotherapy, gymnastics and folk methods are also used.

Old people are most susceptible to pathology; in general, they need to especially carefully monitor their vision. In this article, we will talk about retinal dystrophy, its symptoms, contraindications and treatment methods.

The retina is an important part of the eye

The retina is an important part of the eye
Source: ZrenieMed.ru The retina is an important part of the human eye, which is responsible for the organ's ability to perceive light impulses, as well as for the interaction of the visual system and the brain.

Accordingly, the pathological processes occurring in its structures can lead to partial or complete loss of vision. One of the diseases characterized by tissue destruction and dysfunction of the vascular system is called retinal dystrophy.

It entails serious complications, therefore, it requires timely diagnosis and competent treatment.

The retina is the connecting component between the optical components and the visual center of the brain. She is involved in the transformation of light into a visual image. When the retina becomes thinner for some reason, vision begins to decline.

Retinal dystrophy can appear regardless of a person's age, while it may not manifest itself in any way, but at the same time, irreversible changes occur.

Retinal dystrophy: what is it

Source: keymedic.ru Retinal dystrophy is a pathology of vision caused by irreversible destructive processes in the retina. This degenerative disease is characterized by slow progression, but is one of the most common causes of vision loss in old age.

Retinal dystrophy in most cases is found in the elderly. The risk group includes people with myopia, with vascular diseases, diabetics and hypertension. This disease can be inherited, so those whose parents had a similar problem are recommended to be examined regularly.

Most often, pathology is detected in adulthood, and is associated with changes that occur in the tissues of the eyes over time.

Factors provoking the development of the disease can be divided into intraocular and general. The former include eye pathologies, acquired or hereditary - myopia, uveitis, iritis, etc.

External risk factors for retinal dystrophy include:

systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension), hormonal disorders;
viral diseases carried "on the legs";
decreased immunity;
history of ophthalmic operations, as a result of which the process of scarring began in the tissues;
unbalanced diet, lack of vitamins in the diet, especially vitamin A;
nicotine addiction, alcoholism;
obesity due to metabolic disorders.

The disease is a dystrophic transformation that has occurred in the macula of the eye. It is also called "macular retinal degeneration", which in translation means "yellow spot". The reason for this color is a special pigment, which is located in the cells of the central part of the retina.

Classification of the disease, symptoms in children and adults

Source: wdoctor.ru Depending on the clinical course of the disease and the localization of the pathological process, retinal dystrophy is divided into several varieties, each of which requires appropriate treatment. There are two main types of retinal dystrophy, which also have their own classification.

Central

With this form of the disease, the pathological process affects the central region of the eye, mainly the corpus luteum and the vessels that penetrate the eyeball.

Central chorioretinal

The chorioretinal form of the disease occurs mainly in adulthood, and affects the pigment and inner layer of tissues. It develops as a congenital pathology, as well as due to mechanical damage or infectious diseases of the eye.

The main cause of the disease is a violation of microcirculation in the structures of the retina. CHDS can occur in two forms: non-exudative (dry) and wet (exudative).

In the first case, the disease does not give symptoms for a long time, after which there is a distortion of the contours when viewing objects, later individual segments fall out of sight, and in the last stages, central vision decreases in patients.

The wet form is characterized by a specific deterioration in vision (a person sees as if through a water veil), spots and flashes appear before the eyes.

macular

This form of dystrophy develops due to pathological processes in the macula - a segment of the retina that is responsible for sharpness and visual acuity. The mechanism of the development of the disease is a violation of the work of blood vessels and insufficient supply of tissues with oxygen.

The main risk factor is advanced age (from 60 years old), but the disease also occurs due to gene mutations, aggravated heredity, hormonal disorders and an unhealthy lifestyle.

The clinical course of macular degeneration also has two forms - dry and wet, and the second is considered more dangerous for the patient.

peripheral

Unlike central dystrophy, the peripheral form affects tissues on the periphery (along the edges) of the retina and develops most often in people with a burdened heredity. In addition, myopia and systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension) are significant risk factors.

The danger of the disease lies in the fact that in the first stages it is asymptomatic, and the characteristic signs (flashes and flies before the eyes, blurred vision) occur already when the pathological process is running.

Depending on the nature of cell damage and the clinical course of the disease, several forms of peripheral dystrophy are distinguished.

Lattice dystrophy. Most often it develops in old age or is inherited, and women get sick less often than men. Affected tissues during a detailed examination of the patient's eye resemble lattice cells. There are no symptoms, sometimes there is a distortion of vision or a decrease in its acuity.
"Trace of the snail". The main reason is myopia. Least of all is found in people with farsightedness and ametropia. The foci of the pathological process are presented in the form of characteristic ribbons resembling a snail's track. In the last stages, it manifests itself as a veil before the eyes and blurred vision.
Frost-like form. A hereditary disease that occurs equally in men and women. Small inclusions of a yellow-white hue appear on the retina; in the first stages, frost-like dystrophy proceeds hidden.
"Cobblestone pavement". The pathological process affects the distant parts of the periphery of the retina, and large lumps of pigment can be separated from the tissues. The risk zone includes people with myopia and those who have reached old age.
Small cystic dystrophy. This form of the disease develops due to mechanical injuries and is characterized by the presence of small cysts on the retina. Virtually no symptoms, progresses slowly and does not lead to blindness.
Pigmentary dystrophy. It has a hereditary origin, the first signs appear in childhood. In the initial stages, there is a narrowing of the visual fields and night blindness, and if left untreated, it leads to loss of visual function.
Retinoschisis. Retinoschisis, or retinal detachment, which can be congenital or acquired, and most often develops in people with a burdened hereditary history.

Disease in pregnant women, contraindications

During pregnancy, serious changes occur in a woman's body: a surge in hormone production, increased blood circulation in all organs, activation of metabolic processes, and jumps in blood pressure.

These factors lead to the development of retinal dystrophy in pregnant women who previously suffered from ophthalmic diseases, and the pathology is especially common in expectant mothers with myopia.

The development of retinal dystrophy during pregnancy has a significant impact on the method of delivery. The decision of specialists depends on the age of the mother, the general state of health and the stage of the pathological process, but natural childbirth with such a disease is rarely performed, since the risk of retinal detachment is too great.

A woman is allowed to give birth on her own only in the case of laser coagulation of the retina, which is carried out before the 35th week of pregnancy in the absence of contraindications.

Causes

The main causes of retinal dystrophy include:

Various eye diseases and inflammatory processes (myopia, uveitis).
Infectious diseases and intoxications.
Eye injuries as a result of bruises, blows and so on.
Genetic predisposition to dystrophy.
Various systemic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, thyroid and kidney problems, atherosclerosis, and so on).

All these reasons, except for genetic predisposition, may not always contribute to the appearance of retinal dystrophy, but they are risk factors. Doctors say that people with overweight and bad habits are more likely to develop retinal dystrophy.

Low blood pressure during the second trimester of pregnancy leads to circulatory disorders and poor nutrition of the retina. Therefore, pregnant women are also at risk.

The causes of retinal dystrophy, first of all, lie in age-related changes that occur in the vascular system that envelops the eyeball - mainly this is a circulatory disorder, the cause of which, in turn, is vascular sclerosis.

As a result of the research, it was found that retinal dystrophy is a hereditary disease, and if the parents had it, then the risk of its occurrence in children is also very high.

Symptoms of retinal dystrophy

Sources: pro-zrenie.net Signs of retinal dystrophy appear due to failures in color and central vision. The main reason for the manifestation of symptoms of retinal dystrophy is failures in color and central vision:

Visual acuity is reduced: here we can mention such an alarming symptom, also associated with the disease, as image distortion, which becomes most obvious when looking at an object that represents a straight line, be it a pole or a tree.
The appearance of dark spots in front of the eyes may also indicate the development of a disease such as retinal dystrophy.
The fuzziness of the outlines of objects when viewed with an eye affected by retinal dystrophy is also a symptom of this disease, which refers to a general decrease in visual acuity.
Color perception is disturbed: here we can talk about a change in the color of objects when viewed with a sore eye.

Symptoms of dystrophy depend on its type. So peripheral retinal dystrophy can proceed without any symptoms for a long time, so it is diagnosed, as a rule, quite by accident. The first signs ("flies" and flashes) appear only when gaps appear.

With central dystrophy, a person sees straight lines distorted, parts of the field of vision fall out.

Contraindications

With retinal dystrophy, there is a danger that a person will lose sight. To prevent such an outcome, laser coagulation is performed, but even when the disease goes aside, it is too early to relax.

There are some restrictions after the laser coagulation procedure. The recovery period lasts from one to two weeks, it all depends on the health of the person.

watch TV and sit at the computer;
strain your eyesight with glasses and contact lenses;
take hot baths, saunas;
walk to the beach.

eat foods with salt
drinking alcohol,
drink plenty of fluids.

Be sure to use eye drops prescribed by your doctor. It is also necessary to avoid any physical activity, sports for a month. You should not drive a car for the first week after the operation.

People with diabetes should control the normal amount of sugar in the blood. In case of problems with the vascular system, it is necessary to constantly maintain normal pressure. After the operation, be sure to visit an ophthalmologist every three months.

Risk factors

Touching upon such an issue as retinal dystrophy, one cannot fail to mention what factors contribute to the increased risk and who is more predisposed to this disease than others:

these are, first of all, people whose age is more than 50 years;
it was found that women are more likely to suffer from this disease than men;
hereditary factor;
people with white skin color and blue iris;
persons who have vascular disease;
malnutrition;
problems with cholesterol;
smoking;
obesity;
frequent stress;
lack of vitamins in food;
sunburn of the eye;
environmental problems.

Is the disease dangerous?

Retinal dystrophy is a common disease that is most often observed in the elderly and in people who suffer from hereditary ophthalmic pathologies.

It rarely leads to complete blindness, but if left untreated, the patient may lose the ability to do small work, read, write, and even take care of himself.

The main danger of the disease lies in the absence of symptoms in the first stages, therefore, those who are at risk need to undergo examinations by specialized specialists twice a year.

Diagnostics

Source: ya-viju.ru Diagnosing a disease such as retinal dystrophy requires in-depth analysis and careful research and includes the following steps:

Determination of visual acuity. Examination of the perimetry of vision, that is, determining its boundaries.
Optical coherence tomography, where a three-dimensional image of the retina is obtained.
An electrophysiological study that allows you to determine how viable the cells of the retina and optic nerve are.
ultrasound. Examination of the intraocular fundus and measurement of intraocular pressure.

To diagnose retinal dystrophy, the following examinations are necessary:

Study of visual fields;
Study of color perception;
Checking visual acuity;
Examination of the fundus using a Goldman lens;
Fluorescent angiography (examination of eye vessels);
Ultrasound and electrophysiological examination of the eyes;
analyzes to determine the state of metabolism of the body.

Treatment of retinal dystrophy

Source: mgkl.ru It may take a long time to cure retinal dystrophy. This is quite difficult, and it is not always possible to get a positive result. It will not be possible to restore vision when an exacerbation of dystrophy has already occurred.

In this case, the treatment is aimed at slowing down the progression of dystrophy, strengthening the vessels and muscles of the eyes, and restoring metabolism in the eye tissues.

Treatment with drugs is based on the use of drugs such as:

Antioxidants;
Angioprotectors;
corticosteroids;
Vitamin preparations;
lutein-containing drugs;
Vasodilating and strengthening the walls of blood vessels.

It is necessary to know that these drugs can be effective only in the early stages of the development of retinal dystrophy. At the beginning of the disease, physiotherapy gives good results. It is aimed at strengthening the retina and eye muscles.

The most commonly used physiotherapy methods are:

Electro- and phonophoresis;
Laser irradiation of blood;
Ultrasound and microwave therapy;
Surgery is performed to improve blood circulation in the vessels of the eyes and metabolic processes in the retina.

In the case of wet degeneration, surgery is needed to remove fluid from the retina. One of the modern methods of treating retinal dystrophy is laser coagulation. It allows you to prevent detachment. During laser coagulation, damaged areas are cauterized to other areas to a certain depth.

The laser does not touch healthy areas. Unfortunately, laser photocoagulation cannot restore lost vision, but it can stop further damage to the retina.

Photodynamic therapy, laser photocoagulation and injections of anti-VEGF drugs are used in the treatment of such a form of the disease as peripheral chororetinal retinal dystrophy. In the case of injections, we are talking about a special protein that has a beneficial effect on the macula of the eye and inhibits the development of the disease.

Photodynamic therapy involves the use of substances - photosensitizers, which are administered intravenously and also stop the development of the disease.

This type of therapy is not indicated for every patient, therefore, it is used based on the individual characteristics of the patient.

Laser photocoagulation is based on cauterization of diseased vessels: after manipulation, a scar is formed and vision cannot be restored at this site, but this technique can also prevent the spread of the disease.

With retinitis pigmentosa, treatment is based rather on physiotherapeutic methods - this is magnetic stimulation and electrical stimulation of the eye and its tissues.

If an operation called vasoreconstructive surgery is proposed for retinal dystrophy (affects the blood supply to the retina), it should be borne in mind that the effect of its implementation is considered very limited.

Retinal dystrophy during pregnancy, unfortunately, is a well-known phenomenon and ophthalmologists, regardless of the presence of complaints about vision, recommend undergoing observation, and 10-14 weeks of pregnancy in this case is the ideal period.

If, however, a pregnant woman has retinal dystrophy, then in this case peripheral prophylactic laser coagulation is recommended, which is carried out up to the 35th week of pregnancy.

Pregnancy and childbirth in combination with the disease in question is a reason to be vigilant. If a future mother has retinal dystrophy, then this disease is an indication to abandon natural childbirth in favor of a caesarean section.

With age, the body becomes especially deficient in the substances lutein and zeaxanthin, which are necessary for eye health and visual acuity. These substances are not produced in the intestines, so their content must be regularly replenished.

With complaints of a progressive decrease in vision, people after 45 years of age need to follow a diet. In addition to zeaxanthin and lutein, the diet should include vitamin C, tocopherol, selenium and zinc, which nourish, repair and protect eye tissues.

In addition to following a diet, to prevent the development of age-related changes in the retina, it is necessary to take multivitamins. For example, the Okuwait Lutein Forte vitamin and mineral complex with lutein and zeaxanthin, which protect the eyes from the negative effects of sunlight, vitamins C, E, zinc and selenium.

It has been proven that such a composition prevents the development of age-related changes in the retina of the eye, and allows even the elderly to enjoy sharp vision.

Laser coagulation of the retina

To date, laser photocoagulation of the retina is performed under local anesthesia. In more than 90% of cases, this operation can be considered successful. As a result of laser coagulation of the retina, a partial destruction of the retina protein occurs, which leads to sealing of the affected area.

If the procedure is carried out on time, then the disease will stop progressing. Restrictive laser coagulation of the retina of the eyeball should be performed in specialized medical centers.

Doctors will put on a special lens on the patient, which will direct laser beams to the desired layer of the eyeball. Immediately after the operation, physical activity is prohibited.

Despite the fact that ophthalmic research methods are perhaps the most accurate in medicine, determining the patient's true visual acuity, being a subjective method, often causes significant difficulties.

The latter are aggravated by the fact that in practice the ophthalmologist may encounter facts of conscious or unconscious distortion of the truth, when the patient simulates a disease that he does not actually have, or aggravates, i.e., exaggerates the severity of an existing disease.

Conscious simulation most often pursues personal gain (obtaining a disability group, exemption from military service, etc.). Unconscious simulation occurs in hysteria and essentially traumatic neurosis close to it. This should always be remembered by an oculist-expert, placed in the position of an investigator and a judge.

He should try not to miss a single instance of a simulation, but even more so, not to state a simulation when it does not exist.

Contraindications and complications

The main contraindications to laser coagulation of the retina of the eye are associated with eye diseases. The main one is the insufficient transparency of the eyeball, lens and cornea. In addition, the list of restrictions includes a number of rare diseases.

In general, the appointment for the operation depends on the doctor's examination. There are no other serious restrictions for the procedure.

The operation itself requires a high concentration both from the surgeon and from the patient, who is forced to sit motionless for a long time. The perseverance of the patient and the professionalism of the doctor largely determine the success of the operation.

Any complications after laser coagulation of the retina associated with the effect of a laser are most often insignificant and have a temporary character; for example, corneal edema, which disappears within a few days.

In addition to this, in rare cases, the following may occur:

increased intraocular pressure;
decrease in the transparency of the vitreous body;
change in the shape of the iris and lens;
the appearance of defects in the field of view.

The consequences of laser coagulation of the retina of the eye are extremely rare, in general, if the surgeon is sufficiently professional, the risk of complications will be reduced to a mini mymy.

What can not be done before and after the operation?

Before the surgical procedure, the patient must:

abandon strong physical exertion, as they are one of the causes of rupture and detachment of the retina;
avoid traumatic situations;
wear sunglasses during the day and in bright sun;
beware of any kind of intoxication.

Also, childbirth in the presence of this pathology can affect the occurrence of complications. A woman before childbirth must definitely do laser coagulation.

What not to do after retinal surgery:

First, the patient should follow all the recommendations of the ophthalmologist. He will tell you what is contraindicated and can cause a relapse or complications.
Secondly, you will have to limit yourself in sports and other heavy loads. Swimming or running at the same time, for example, are not prohibited, but lifting weights is strictly contraindicated.
Thirdly, you can not tilt your head down: tie your shoelaces, sleep on your stomach, work in the country on the land.
Fourthly, thermal procedures (baths, saunas, solariums) are prohibited.

Even in the absence of complaints, the patient should be seen by an ophthalmologist after one month.

Also, the patient should avoid excessive insolation, public places in the early postoperative period in order to avoid getting infectious diseases. In addition, it is important to take all the drugs that your doctor will prescribe.

They will help the retina recover faster. If any symptoms appear, such as spots before the eyes, you should immediately go to the hospital.

Possible Complications

The most common is inflammation of the conjunctiva. In order to prevent ophthalmologists prescribe eye drops. If you don't use them, it won't end well.

It happens that the retina of the eye exfoliates again. This happens when the cause of the disease is not eliminated, or it is impossible to do so. Sometimes a person does not comply with the restrictions and contributes to a poor “soldering” of the retina, for example, on the very first day after the procedure, he does physical work or decides to watch TV.

Sometimes the patient has various visual impairments. As a rule, problems occur immediately after surgery and disappear with a decrease in swelling.

They are accompanied by the appearance of various spots and points in the field of view. But there are also cases of development of disorders some time after coagulation due to violations of the regimen during the recovery period.

There are cases that doctors call "dry eye syndrome." This occurs due to a lack of tear fluid. Symptoms are burning and discomfort, which can go away when a person yawns.

Other complications occur rarely and are associated with the complication of the disease. The main thing to remember is that the retina is a very fragile thing.

Treatment with folk remedies

The human eye has a very complex structure, the main place in which is occupied by the retina, which allows the eye to perceive light impulses. Its functions include ensuring the interaction of the optical system and the visual departments, the location of which is the brain. This is achieved through the receipt, processing and transmission of visual information. With the development of retinal dystrophy (such a disease in most cases is diagnosed in elderly people), there is a violation of the vascular system of the eyes. With the progression of the disease in patients, damage to the retina occurs at the microcellular level, due to which photoreceptors suffer, the functions of which are to organize the processes of perceiving a deep color gamut, as well as to provide far vision.

What is retinal dystrophy?

Retinal dystrophy is a disease accompanied by the death of the tissues of the eyeball. Patients who are diagnosed with an advanced stage of this disease begin to rapidly lose their vision, while they experience progressive degeneration of retinal tissue.

Modern medicine divides retinal dystrophy into acquired and congenital (inherited).

There is also a classification of this disease according to the localization of pathogenesis:

Peripheral dystrophy. It develops against the background of an injury to the organs of vision. Congenital or acquired myopia, as well as myopia, can serve as an impetus for the appearance of peripheral dystrophy;

central dystrophy. It is observed in the macular region of the eye, may occur against the background of age-related changes in the human body. Central retinal dystrophy is divided into wet and dry.

The risk group for developing retinal dystrophy includes elderly people with poor heredity, living in ecologically unfavorable regions and leading an unhealthy lifestyle.

Postponed surgical intervention on the eyes;

Violation of metabolic processes in the human body, which lead to.

Consequences of retinal dystrophy

If a patient with retinal dystrophy does not receive qualified medical care, but self-medicates, he may face serious consequences. The worst option for him would be a complete loss of vision, which can no longer be restored even surgically.

Treatment of retinal dystrophy

Before prescribing treatment to a patient who is suspected of having retinal dystrophy, an ophthalmologist conducts a comprehensive diagnosis, which includes the following measures:

Perimetry;

Lab tests;

Ultrasound examination of the eyeball;

Visometry;

Instrumental examination of the fundus;

Fluorescent angiography of the eye vessels;

Electrophysiological study (the main purpose of this procedure is to determine the working condition of the nerve cells of the retina, as well as the optic nerve).

In the treatment of retinal dystrophy, highly specialized specialists use various techniques. Currently, the most effective method of combating retinal dystrophy is laser surgery. This is due to the fact that this type of surgery is considered the least traumatic and completely bloodless, since the surgeon does not need to open the eyeball. In the process of surgical treatment with a laser beam, due to the non-contact effect on the affected area of the retina, the possibility of infection of the patient is completely excluded.

The drug method of treating retinal dystrophy involves the use of special medicines by patients.

In most cases, patients are prescribed the following medications:

Angioprotectorsand vasodilators. This group of drugs has an action aimed at strengthening and expanding blood vessels. These include: Complamin, No-shpa, Askorutin, Papaverine, etc. The attending physician individually selects the dosage and form of medication for each patient, taking into account the degree of the disease and general well-being;

Antiplatelet agents. The action of these drugs is to prevent the formation of blood clots in the vessels. Most often, patients are prescribed Clopidogrel, Ticlodipine or Acetylsalicylic acid;

Vitamin complexes, as well as separately vitamins of group B;

Lucentis - a drug that prevents the pathological growth of blood vessels;

Medicines that can effectively reduce;

Medicines that are injected into the structure of the eye, as they are able to improve microcirculation (for example, Pentoxifylline);

Preparations that are obtained from biological material taken from cattle. This group of drugs is called "polypeptides" (it includes, for example, Retinolamine);

Eye drops, such as Oftan-Katahrom, Taufon, Emoksipin, etc. This group of medicines improves metabolic processes, as well as rapid regeneration of eyeball tissues.

When prescribing drug therapy, the attending physician independently develops a regimen for taking drugs. Typically, patients with such a complex diagnosis have to repeat the course of treatment several times a year. In parallel with drug therapy for retinal dystrophy, specialists use various physiotherapeutic methods.

A pronounced therapeutic effect is achieved with the following procedures:

Photostimulation or electrical stimulation of the retina;

Electrophoresis (during this procedure, No-shpa, heparin or nicotinic acid is used);

The use of low-energy laser radiation to stimulate the retina;

Laser irradiation of blood (intravenous);

Magnetotherapy, etc.

In advanced cases, specialists perform surgical treatment of retinal dystrophy.

Patients are individually selected type of surgical intervention:

Laser coagulation of the retina. After such a surgical intervention, patients need to take special drugs belonging to the group of angiogenesis inhibitors. Thanks to medical support, abnormal vessels will not grow in patients, and the process of progression of macular degeneration of the retina (wet) will be stopped;

Revascularizing and vasoreconstructive surgical interventions;

Vitrectomy.

After completing a course of therapy, patients who have been diagnosed with retinal dystrophy are required to carry out preventive measures at regular intervals. It is strictly forbidden for such a category of patients to overstrain the organs of vision (in the process of reading it is necessary to take breaks for rest). Being outdoors under the influence of ultraviolet rays should be only in sunglasses. Such people are advised to reconsider their diet and enrich it with foods that are good for vision. Every day you need to take vitamins and minerals that are necessary for the full functioning of the organs of vision. You should completely give up bad habits, such as smoking and alcohol abuse.

Traditional medicine in combination with traditional methods of treatment quite successfully fights various diseases of the organs of vision, including the initial stage of retinal dystrophy. Patients are advised to take a course in which leeches inject their saliva rich in useful enzymes into the patient's blood.

The bite of a leech has a unique beneficial effect on the human body:

Relieves inflammation;

Normalizes the functioning of the immune system;

Acts as an anesthetic;

Helps cleanse the body of toxins;

Lowers the level of bad cholesterol, etc.

In folk medicine, there are a large number of recipes that can be used in the treatment of retinal dystrophy:

Take fresh goat's milk and mix it with boiled water (1:1). After that, drip the sore eye with the resulting mixture and cover it with a dark cloth for half an hour. The course of treatment is 1 week, it is believed that during this time the process of retinal detachment will be stopped;

Take in certain proportions and mix the following components: needles (5 parts), berries (2 parts), onion peel (2 parts). Pour boiling water over everything and cook over low heat for 10 minutes. Chilled and filtered broth should be drunk 0.5 liters per day, divided into several doses. The course of treatment is 1 month;

Pour 1 tablespoon of cumin into an enamel container and pour 200 ml of boiling water. Put the dishes on the fire and boil the liquid for 5 minutes. In the resulting broth, add flowers (1 tablespoon), mix and cover. After cooling and filtering, the decoction is used as eye drops (2 drops should be instilled 2 times a day in each eye);

Pour 1 tbsp. a spoonful of celandine in any container and pour boiling water. Put the dishes on a slow fire and boil for several minutes. After the broth has cooled and infused, it is ready for use. It is recommended to instill eyes 3 times a day, 3 drops. The treatment course takes 1 month;

Tinctures from the leaves, and other herbs useful for vision, can be taken orally several times a day.

Age-related retinal degeneration, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is the most common cause of vision loss in people over 60 years of age. This disease does not cause pain and affects the macula of the eye - the part of the retina that is responsible for central vision. Proper functioning of this part of the retina allows a person to read, drive a car, focus on faces and other figures. Although retinal dystrophy is still considered incurable, certain lifestyle changes, prevention of vision problems, and other measures can reduce symptoms.

Steps

Features of the disease

Know that there are several stages in the development of retinal dystrophy. The ophthalmologist will be able to determine the stage by the number of drusen of the optical disc. Drusen are white and yellow deposits of the retina.

Know what causes dry macular degeneration. This process occurs due to the destruction of retinal cells. The name is due to the destruction of cells and the absence of excess fluids. These cells are photoreceptors, that is, cells that use the light entering the retina to transmit visual information to the brain through the visual cortex. These are light-sensitive areas that help a person understand what he sees.

The destruction of cells occurs due to the accumulation in the macula of lipids, called drusen, as a person ages. These accumulations are visible upon inspection. They look like yellow dots on the macula. Age-related macular degeneration does not lead to complete blindness, but it can significantly limit the ability of central vision.
The dry form of macula dengaration is more common. Signs of a dry form are the following symptoms:
- Inability to see printed text clearly
- Inability to read in low light
- Poor vision in the dark
- Problems with face recognition
- Gradual deterioration of central vision
- Noticeable blind spot in visual field
- Gradual loss of vision
- Mistaking geometric shapes or inanimate objects for people

Know what wet macular degeneration is. This type of moneyeration occurs when blood vessels grow abnormally under the macula. As the macula enlarges, blood vessels begin to leak fluid and blood into the retina and macula, or, less commonly, may rupture. Although the wet form of macular degeneration is less common than the dry form, it is a more aggressive form of the disease that can lead to blindness. The causes of macular degeneration have not been established, but a number of studies have found that there are certain risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing this disease in old age. Signs of a wet form include:
- Distortion of straight lines (straight lines appear wavy)
- Blind spot in the field of view
- Loss of central vision
- Rapid loss of vision
- No pain
- Scarring of blood vessels, which can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated
Remember that genetics play an important role in the development of retinal dystrophy. If one or both of your parents have macular degeneration, you are more likely to develop the disease after age 60. However, do not forget that genes do not affect everything and that proper care and lifestyle also matter.

Treatment of the disease

Make an appointment with an ophthalmologist. The diagnosis is made during a routine examination. The doctor will put drops in the eyes that dilate or narrow the pupils. If you have dry macular degeneration, the ophthalmologist will immediately see drusen.

Look at the Amsler grid. The doctor will ask you to look at the Amsler grid, which looks like graph paper. If you have macular degeneration, some lines will appear wavy to you. If you want to check your condition yourself, print this grid from the Blindness Prevention website and follow the instructions:

Position the inverted net 60 centimeters away from you at eye level.
Take off your glasses and cover one eye with your hand.
Focus on the center point for a minute and repeat with the other eye.
If any lines appear wavy to you, see an ophthalmologist as soon as possible.

Ask your ophthalmologist about an ocular angiogram. In this test, a dye is injected into a vein and then the movements of the dye are monitored as it enters the retinal veins. With this method, fluid leaks that indicate a wet form of macular degeneration can be detected. ,
- The dye should appear in the optic nerve 8-12 seconds after injection.
- The dye should be visible in the retina 11-18 seconds after injection.
Get an optical coherence tomography. In this type of examination, the layers of the retina are examined using light waves. The study allows you to assess the thickness of the retina, the anatomy of the layers of the retina, as well as to identify anomalies in the retina: the presence of fluid, blood, the appearance of new blood vessels.
- First, the doctor may dilate your pupils, although the procedure can be performed on non-dilated pupils.
- You will then be asked to put your chin on a special stand to fix your head and will be asked not to move.
- A light beam is directed into the eye.
- With the help of light waves, living tissue can be painlessly detected in seconds.
Consider injecting drugs that counteract vascular endothelial growth factor. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a substance that causes abnormal growth of blood vessels. When suppressing this substance with special drugs and anti-angiogenic substances, the growth of blood vessels slows down. Your doctor will know if this treatment option is right for you.

Try photodynamic therapy. With this method of treatment, the growth of blood vessels is slowed down with the help of drugs and exposure to light. This treatment can only help with the wet form of macular degeneration.

See your doctor as soon as possible if you develop worrying symptoms. If you experience sudden headaches, changes in vision, or experience pain while undergoing macular degeneration treatment, go to the hospital emergency department and contact your ophthalmologist.

Vision aids

Use a magnifying glass. Usually, with macular degeneration, central vision suffers the most, and peripheral vision functions without problems. For this reason, people with macular degeneration can compensate for the loss of central vision with peripheral vision. A magnifying glass visually magnifies an object and makes it easier to see.

Magnifying glasses can magnify an image by 1.5-20 times. They are also comfortable to move around with. Many glasses fit in a pocket.
Try using a fixed magnifying glass. Glasses of this type are capable of magnifying images by 2-20 times. Such a magnifying glass can be fixed on the surface so as not to be held in your hands. It is especially useful for those who have hand tremors. Some glasses have additional features (for example, backlight).

Try using a monocular or telescope. These devices increase the image by 2.5-10 times. They are convenient to use if you need to consider objects at a great distance.

Use binoculars. With the same degree of magnification as telescopes, binoculars are more convenient to use, since you can look with two eyes.

Use the magnifying glass attached to the glasses. Such a magnifying glass is fixed on glasses. It is convenient to use if you need to look into the distance. This glass allows the patient to switch between telescopic vision and distant vision. There are also magnifying glasses that can be used to examine objects up close.
- Such glasses work on the principle of bifocal glasses.
- These glasses are safe and can be prescribed by ophthalmologists.
Use a video enlarger. A video enlarger is a video camera fixed on a stand. It enlarges the text for reading and brings the surface on which the person writes to the screen. The camera can be used for a variety of tasks: reading, handwriting, doing needlework and looking at photos. Some video enlargers are able to emphasize and highlight certain information. The camera can also be used in combination with a computer.

Use a device that will read the text. The device will read the printed text to you.

Learn more about absorbent lenses. These lenses absorb the light that enters the retina. They reduce glare and absorb harmful UV rays.
- These lenses can be used in both dark and bright areas.
- These lenses can be worn over regular glasses.

Vision care

Check your eyes regularly. The development of macular degeneration cannot be prevented because it is an age-related change. However, regular examinations allow you to identify the disease in time and take action. With early detection of the disease, it is possible to extend the period of stable vision.
- After age 40, you should visit an ophthalmologist at least once every 6 months, or as directed by your doctor.
Ask your doctor about special checkups. The ophthalmologist will need to examine the eyes in a variety of ways to look for drusen, vascular damage, changes in retinal pigment, and visual disturbances. During the inspection, the following methods can be used:

Do not smoke. Smoking not only negatively affects the entire body, but also increases the likelihood of developing macular degeneration. The composition of the smoke includes resins that contribute to the formation of drusen (deposits in the eyes). In addition, tobacco smoke contains caffeine, which has a stimulating effect and increases blood pressure. Blood vessels under the retina and macula can burst with increased pressure.
- Smoking doubles the chance of developing macular degeneration. Smoking harms you, your eyes, your internal organs, and even the people around you.
- Even if you quit smoking, it may take several years for the effects of smoking to wear off. Consider this an excuse to quit smoking as soon as possible.
Treat existing medical conditions, including hypertension. Take your medications, get your checkups on time, and make changes to your lifestyle.
- If you have high blood pressure and have been diagnosed with macular degeneration, damaged blood vessels in your eyes have a hard time repairing because of the high pressure. This can lead to rupture of blood vessels, which will increase the leakage of blood and fluid.
Try to exercise regularly. Sports are good for the health of the whole body, including eye health. Drusen are formed due to high levels of cholesterol and fat in the body. Physical activity can burn fat and reduce the level of bad cholesterol, which prevents the formation of plaque in the vessels.
Increase the amount of vitamins in your diet. The eyes are constantly exposed to the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun, as well as the pollutants in smog. Prolonged exposure to these factors can lead to oxidation and damage. Oxidation of eye cells can cause mascular degeneration and other eye diseases. To counter this process, eat more foods that are high in antioxidants. The most useful will be vitamins C and E, zinc, lutein, copper.
- Vitamin C. It is recommended to take 500 milligrams of this vitamin daily. Vitamin C is found in broccoli, melon, cauliflower, guava, sweet peppers, grapes, oranges, berries, lychee, zucchini.
- Vitamin E. It is recommended to get 400 milligrams of vitamin E daily. Vitamin E is found in almonds, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, spinach, peanut butter, collard greens, avocados, mangoes, hazelnuts, and chard.
- Zinc. It is recommended to consume 25 milligrams of this substance per day. Zinc is found in the following foods: lean beef, skinless chicken, lean lamb, pumpkin seeds, yogurt, soybeans, peanuts, starchy beans, sunflower paste, pecans, lutein, kale, spinach, beet greens, okra, artichokes, watercress, persimmons, green peas.
- Copper, lutein, zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin are components of the retina and lens. They perform the function of natural antioxidants, help absorb harmful and ultraviolet rays. Both are found in green leafy vegetables.
  - Consume two milligrams of copper daily.
  - Consume ten milligrams of lutein daily.
  - Consume two milligrams of zeaxanthin daily.

The eyes are one of the most important human senses, and it is very important to control visual acuity in time. In a neglected state, the development of diseases leading to complete blindness is possible. Retinal dystrophy is one of the most dangerous and common diseases., which manifests itself due to age-related changes in the body in relation to the functioning of the visual organs.

Faced with this diagnosis for the first time, people are looking for an answer to the question, retinal dystrophy, what is it. The disease characterizes itself by damage to the eye tissues, leading to their complete death. The reason can be both a violation of the metabolism of nutrients in the body, and a lack of nutrients and vitamins. The advanced stage of the disease leads to complete loss of vision, without the possibility of its restoration. It is very important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner and immediately begin its treatment. You can confirm this diagnosis by contacting a specialist - an ophthalmologist. The risk group prone to retinal dystrophy includes not only adults, but also children.

Retinal dystrophy is a rather dangerous disease that manifests itself with age-related changes in the body to the functionality of the eyeballs.

Retinal dystrophy is an irreversible degenerative disease.

Disease classification

According to the statistical data obtained as a result of the study of the disease, it was revealed that the disease “gets younger” every year. Today, the risk group includes not only the elderly, but also those who have a hereditary predisposition to eye diseases, as well as people leading an unhealthy lifestyle. Another important factor in the development of diseases associated with the sense organs is ecology.
Retinal dystrophy has several typologies.

Central retinal dystrophy

Central dystrophy, a process originating in the molecular zone of the eyeball, getting its development due to the irreversible aging of the body. The disease is dangerous complete, irreversible loss of vision. The treatment process is quite complicated, as the central part of the eye is affected. The diagnosis is divided into dry and wet retinal dystrophy.

Peripheral retinal dystrophy

Changes in the eyeball can be caused by trauma to the visual organs, as well as a complication of the treatment of other diseases. Often the disease may be preceded by myopia and myopia at different stages. Today, with timely access to specialists, the disease is successfully treated by surgery.

Causes

Detecting an ailment at an early stage is only the beginning of a long journey to be taken. It is very important to determine the causes of retinal dystrophy and what caused its development. Ophthalmologists identify the following reasons that can play a decisive role:

complications after surgery;
improper diet and bad habits;
imbalance of nutrients in the body;
dysfunction of the vascular system of the eyeball;
diabetes mellitus, infectious and viral diseases.

With dystrophy, the destruction of retinal tissues occurs, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in visual acuity.

Symptoms

Symptoms of retinal dystrophy manifest themselves gradually and cause many life difficulties. The early stage of the disease occurs without visible symptoms, but the disease can progress rapidly. A person experiences discomfort when blinking, which can be expressed in a burning sensation of the eyeball, there is a sharp landing of vision, loss of sharpness and various opacities. However, these symptoms can also indicate other possible problems of the body. It is very important that the final diagnosis is established after a complete examination and all necessary procedures. Symptoms:

blurred vision in the evening;
a veil before the eyes;
sharp narrowing and distortion of the picture;
flashes, "flies" before the eyes;
distorted perception of shapes, sizes and colors.

Diagnosis of the disease

Dystrophic changes in the retina of the eye require a competent approach of a specialist and a complete examination of the eye structure. An integrated approach is more appropriate here, during which a complete collection of anamnesis will be prepared. The following activities are mandatory during the diagnosis:

perimetry- the study of peripheral vision in order to determine its boundaries;
ophthalmoscopy– study of the bottom of the eyeball;
biomicroscopy– analysis of the structure of the eyeball;
adaptometry– study of light perception;
measurement of pressure in the visual organs;
retinal examination;
Ultrasound of the eyeball;
visometry- one of the ways to test for visual acuity is to work with four types of tables.

This disease is the most common cause of visual impairment in old age.

Instrumental studies of the fundus of the eyeball are also possible. These include:

Fluorescein angiography- one of the methods for studying the vessels of the eyeball, when an organic pigment is injected intravenously.
Electrophysiological study- necessary to measure the state of the retina and nerve cells.

Treatment of retinal dystrophy

Treatment of retinal dystrophy is determined during a diagnostic study. Most experts prefer the following methods:

laser intervention;
medical preparations;
vitreoretinal surgery.

The choice of the method by which the treatment will be carried out is chosen by the ophthalmologist, based on the information obtained during the diagnosis.

Medication treatment

Medication-based treatment is mainly used in the early stages of the disease. Also, this method is used during the rehabilitation of the patient, after surgery. There are a number of medicines that have a positive effect on visual acuity, increase the immune system and enrich the body with vitamins. These medicines can be divided into the following pharmacological groups: angioprotectors, polypeptides, antiplatelet agents, biogenic stimulants, combined vitamins, as well as drugs that increase the stimulation of blood circulation.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy - is an auxiliary method of combating the disease, which will strengthen the muscle system of the eyeball. Usually, the prescribed procedures are carried out in a specialized center or clinic.

electrophoresis- impact on the body by supplying a low-amplitude current.
Photostimulation- impact on the retina with bright flashes of light.
Magnetotherapy- impact on the body using a magnetic field, in order to change the biological fluid in the body.

The complex of procedures can be supplemented with laser radiation in order to stimulate the retina of the eyeball. This method is extremely effective in trying to stop the development of dystrophy. The essence of the method lies in the fact that with the help of a laser, the doctor draws a certain boundary between healthy and diseased tissues. Being under the influence of the beam, diseased vessels are “sealed”, and the fluid inside the eyeball stops flowing to them.

Thanks to this procedure, the disease is taken under complete control, and the patient avoids such terrible consequences as retinal degeneration. The procedure of laser exposure is short and simple, but it requires full compliance with the requirements of the ophthalmologist during the rehabilitation period.

Very often, dystrophic changes in the retina accompany moderate and high degrees of myopia.

Surgical intervention

Surgery is usually required when the disease is diagnosed in the later stages of development, and is the only way to avoid such unpleasant consequences as the destruction of the retina. There are two main types of surgery:

Ravascularization procedure- is a process of blockage of the affected tissues of the eyeball, followed by an increase in the lumen in working vessels.
Vasoreconstructive surgery- is carried out using special transplants designed to stabilize the microvascular bed of the eyeball.

Retinal degeneration: causes and treatment

Retinal degeneration is the irreversible destruction of tissue that leads to total blindness. The disease occurs mainly among the elderly. Degeneration of the eye tissues is extremely rarely diagnosed in children and adolescents.

To date, medicine is unable to answer the question of what causes the degenerative process. It has been scientifically proven that this ailment can be hereditary, but manifests itself only closer to old age. The phenomenon itself can also be associated with a large number of metabolic substances in the eyeballs.
The answer to the question of how to treat retinal dystrophy is rather complicated, because the task itself is not always solvable. Unfortunately, it is impossible to stop the progression of this disease with the help of therapeutic effects.

For many patients, experts recommend considering laser therapy options, since with such a complex diagnosis, this is the only method that can give tangible results. In addition, photodynamic therapy can become an alternative way to combat retinal degeneration.

Retinal dystrophy may be asymptomatic at first.

The essence of this method is to act only on newly formed vessels in which photoreceptors have not yet been damaged. This technique can be combined with other methods of influence.

Preventive norms

For the prevention of eye diseases, there are several recommendations that should be used by people at risk. It is necessary to periodically carry out gymnastics for the eyes, performing special exercises. It is worth beingware of harmful radiation, as well as spending less time under the sun's rays.

If there is a predisposition to dystrophy of the visual organs, vitamin supplements and dietary supplements should be used. Don't forget that your eyes need rest, which means you need to add time to your schedule when you can relax.

In contact with

The human eye has a complex structure and each part of it performs one or another important functional significance. One of the most important elements of the visual apparatus is the retina, which ensures the correct perception of light impulses. As a result of insufficient nutrition of tissues, retinal dystrophy can develop - a degenerative process, as a result of which irreversible destruction of the tissues of the eyeball occurs, leading to.

Retinal dystrophy is a whole group of ophthalmic diseases characterized by the death of eye tissues. Such a degenerative process is irreversible and provokes a rapid loss of vision. In the process of tissue destruction, the activity of the vascular system of the eye is disrupted, as a result of which photoreceptors are affected, which provide distant visibility and the perception of deep colors. Dystrophy develops gradually, so timely treatment can avoid complete loss of vision.

Causes

The main cause of eye tissue dystrophy is their malnutrition, disturbed material metabolism, due to which the retina ceases to function normally. The causes of this pathological process can be very diverse. Most often, the degenerative process is a consequence of such diseases:

diabetes;
hypertension;
blood cancer;
kidney failure;
atherosclerosis;
myopia;
adrenal dysfunction;
myopia;
congenital heart defects;
endocrine pathologies.

Other causes of retinal dystrophy include the following conditions:

eye injury;
malfunction of the immune system;
viral infectious diseases;
obesity;
surgical intervention on the organs of vision;
hormonal disbalance;
body intoxication.

The following factors can provoke the appearance of a pathological process:

improper, unbalanced diet;
active smoking;
living in areas with adverse environmental conditions;
excessive alcohol consumption;
age factor (after 40 years);
gender (more common in women).

One of the important factors provoking retinal dystrophy is a genetic predisposition. If at least one parent has such a problem, then the risk of having a child with such a disease is extremely high. It is impossible to avoid hereditary mutation of genes, but pathology can be diagnosed in a timely manner. For this, the baby must be observed by an ophthalmologist from birth. Sometimes the disease occurs during pregnancy.

It was found that people with blue or light gray eyes and a light shade of skin and hair are more susceptible to retinal dystrophy. This is due to the fact that the visual system contains a small number of pigment cells, and their death under the influence of sunlight can become critical.

Symptoms

The initial stage of the development of retinal degeneration is often asymptomatic, accompanied by a progressive decrease in visual acuity. The first symptoms usually appear after a serious deterioration in the blood supply to the organs of vision and look like this:

narrowing of the field of peripheral (lateral) vision;
loss of some fields of vision;
flashes of light, lightning before the eyes;
veil, flickering flies before the eyes;
violation of color perception;
fuzziness of side objects;
distortion of visible outlines;
image blur;
increased sensitivity to light;

A person with retinal dystrophy is unable to read or write in poor light, often has difficulty distinguishing static from dynamics (for example, cannot understand a car is moving or standing still). The clinical picture may differ depending on the type of disease and the degree of its neglect. Some forms appear only in the presence of complications.

Regardless of the type of degenerative process, pathology is accompanied by a progressive decrease in the quality of vision.

Classification

Taking into account the nature of the origin, the following classification of retinal dystrophy is distinguished.

congenital

It is hereditary, most often the result of unknown genetic diseases. The following types of congenital dystrophy of the retina may occur:

pigmented. The photoreceptors responsible for normal vision in the dark are destroyed. Symptoms can appear at any age, but most often occurs for the first time at 18-20 years of age. This condition is diagnosed in rare cases.
Dotted white. The pathological process occurs in early childhood and is characterized by a slow course that can be observed throughout a person's life. Accompanied by the appearance of dark spots before the eyes, "night" blindness.

Acquired

The degenerative process is caused by age-related changes or other factors that affect the human visual system throughout life. There are such forms of acquired retinal dystrophy:

Age dystrophy. Occurs as a result of age-related changes in the eyeball, develops mainly after 50 years. Degenerative processes are accompanied by atrophy of the epithelium and are often accompanied. It is completely impossible to cure lattice dystrophy of the eyes.
. It occurs against the background of advanced diabetes mellitus as a result of damage to the vascular system of the retina. Diabetic retinopathy can be prevented by controlling blood sugar levels and properly treating the underlying pathology.

By localization

Depending on which part of the eyeball is affected, retinal degeneration can also be divided into 2 types:

Peripheral. There is a death of eye tissues located in the peripheral part of the retina, as a result of which peripheral vision is impaired. Such a pathological process is asymptomatic for a long time, most often it is the result of an eye injury, myopia, myopia, or inflammation of the organs of vision.
Central. Degenerative changes occur in the central part of the eyeball (macular area), provoking a violation of central vision. The most common is a type of pathology diagnosed mainly in men over 20 years old and characterized by the formation of foci of retinal detachment.

Central retinal dystrophy can be dry (metabolic products accumulate in the retina and choroid) or wet (fluid goes beyond the walls of the vessels, rapidly reducing vision).

Diagnostic methods

The initial stages of the development of retinal dystrophy are often asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to diagnose the problem in a timely manner. In order to detect pathology in time and prevent the occurrence of complications, it is necessary to contact an ophthalmologist immediately when the primary signs of visual impairment appear. To make a correct diagnosis and select an adequate treatment, the doctor conducts a detailed survey and examination of the patient, after which he prescribes a series of studies.

You can determine the death of the tissues of the eyeball using the following diagnostic methods:

ophthalmoscopy;
biomicroscopy;
tonometry;
visometry;
perimetry;
electrophysiological examination (assessment of the state of nerve cells);
refractometry;
optical coherence tomography (three-dimensional image of the retina);
fluorescein angiography;
Eye ultrasound.

To determine the condition of the fundus in this case, a Goldman lens is used.

Sometimes it becomes necessary to pass laboratory tests, the results of which allow us to assess the general condition of the body. If there is a suspicion of peripheral retinal dystrophy, then the examination is carried out after dilating the pupil with the help of special drops.

Methods of treatment

Treatment of retinal dystrophy stops the pathological process and prevents complications, but does not restore lost vision. The method of therapy depends on the stage and form of the disease. The initial degree of the degenerative process is treated with the help of drug therapy, which includes such drugs:

angioprotectors: Askorutin, Complamin;
antiplatelet agents: Ticlodipine, Acetylsalicylic acid;
cholesterol-lowering drugs: Simvastatin, Atoris;
polypeptides: Retinolamine;
eye drops: Taufon, Emoksipin;
vitamin complexes: Kombilipen, Milgamma.

Also a good remedy for the death of the tissues of the retina is Lucentis. Properly selected medicines expand and strengthen blood vessels, improve microcirculation, improve material metabolism and promote rapid tissue regeneration. To achieve the best result, in addition to medications, various physiotherapy procedures are prescribed:

magnetotherapy;
electrophoresis with No-Shpa;
photostimulation;
ultrasound;
electrical stimulation;
laser stimulation.

In difficult cases, the most effective treatment for retinal dystrophy is laser photocoagulation. This is a minimally invasive method of surgical intervention, which is aimed at strengthening the retina and coagulation of damaged tissues, providing a point effect. In addition to laser coagulation, vitrectomy or vasoreconstruction can be performed, restoring the normal blood supply to the retina. The cost of the operation today depends on many factors and can range from 3-5 thousand to several tens of thousands of rubles.

Some clinics treat retinal dystrophy with stem cells.

Treatment with folk remedies

At the initial stages of the development of the degenerative process, along with drug therapy, treatment with folk remedies is often prescribed. The following recipes will help to cope with retinal degeneration:

Mix 50 ml of warm boiled water and goat's milk, put a couple of drops of the resulting mixture into the sore eye and place a dark cloth on top of the affected organ of vision for 30 minutes. Repeat this procedure every day for a week.
Take 1 tablespoon of dried lily of the valley leaves and 5 tablespoons of nettle leaves, combine and pour 250 ml of boiled warm water. Let it brew for 9 hours, then add 0.5 teaspoon of soda and apply the resulting infusion for lotions on the sore eye.
Combine a glass of boiling water and 1 tablespoon of cumin in a small saucepan, boil and boil the broth for 5 minutes. In the resulting infusion, add a tablespoon of cornflower flowers, mix, cover and let it brew a little. Strain the cooled broth, instill 2 drops in each eye twice a day.
Pour a tablespoon of celandine flowers with 200 ml of boiling water, put on fire and boil for 5 minutes, then let the broth cool, strain and use 3 drops for eye drops three times a day for 1 month.

Another effective remedy for dystrophy for treatment at home is a herbal collection, which includes ginger, cinnamon, dandelion and bay leaf.

Alternative medicine allows you to strengthen blood vessels, prevent retinal detachment and cope with many eye diseases. However, before starting such treatment, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Proper nutrition for dystrophy

An important part of the treatment of retinal dystrophy of the organs of vision is the normalization of nutrient metabolism. For this, the patient needs to reconsider his diet. It is recommended to consume as many fresh vegetables and fruits as possible, seafood. Honey and cinnamon have a beneficial effect on the visual apparatus.

Diet for degenerative processes in the eyeball involves the rejection of such foods:

alcohol;
flour products, which contain baking powder;
sausages;
canned food;
semi-finished products;
fast food.

If you have vision problems, it is forbidden to eat too salty, fatty or sweet foods. Instead, you should eat low-fat dairy products, fish, and various cereals. Food should be fractional.

You can improve the condition of the visual apparatus if you regularly add spices such as cumin, coriander and cumin to dishes.

Pediatric retinal dystrophy

Retinal dystrophy in children is a common phenomenon, which in most cases is congenital. The most common causes of the development of pathology in childhood are genetic mutations, intrauterine development disorders. Children born prematurely or under difficult conditions are more susceptible to degenerative eye processes. In children, the pigmented or dot-white form of the disease is most common. Sometimes vitreochorioretinal dystrophy is diagnosed. Various methods can be used for treatment.

retinal dystrophy during pregnancy

During pregnancy, the body weakens significantly and becomes more susceptible to various diseases, including ophthalmological ones. Retinal dystrophy in pregnant women is a common occurrence that can lead to severe complications. In advanced cases, peripheral retinal dystrophy during pregnancy may be an indication for a caesarean section.

In the first or second trimester, laser coagulation is possible.

Possible Complications

If the treatment of retinal degeneration was not started on time, then there is a possibility of such complications:

rupture of the retina;
retinal disinsertion;
difficulties with orientation in space;
decrease in visual acuity.

The most severe complication of this disease is complete loss of vision. The appearance of unpleasant consequences can provoke the impact of factors such as strong physical exertion, vibrations or diving under water.

Forecast and prevention

Is it possible to stop the degeneration of the tissues of the eyeball? It is possible to stop the pathological process and preserve visual functions only if a complex treatment of the problem is started at the early stages of its development. Otherwise, the prognosis is unfavorable, since irreversible changes occur in the structure of the eyeball, and it is not possible to restore the lost visual acuity.

You can prevent the development of retinal degeneration if you follow these recommendations:

stop smoking and drinking alcohol;
avoid excessive visual loads;
avoid injuries to the organs of vision;
avoid hypothermia;
to live an active lifestyle;
properly, balanced diet;
do not spend much time at the computer or TV;
work in good light.

It is necessary to diagnose and treat any existing diseases in time, undergo regular medical examinations with an ophthalmologist. If the baby has poor genetics, then he should be observed by a doctor from birth.