Task for a kindergarten in a notebook for cells. Graphic dictation with complex steps. Methods for conducting graphic dictations

Every year, at the end of winter, the spirit of pagan ancestors wakes up in the inhabitants of Russia, and, despite the pleas and threats of the Ministry of Emergency Situations not to create a fire hazard, anthropomorphic effigies are burning in courtyards and squares.

Unfortunately, even such an ancient pagan rite has not escaped commercialization, and many succumb to weakness by buying ready-made effigies. We decided to write the first instructions for making a real Maslenitsa, so that the farewell to winter would pass in accordance with the rules.

Andrey Davydov, head of the folklore section of the Samara Center for Russian Traditional Culture, became our expert. For many years he has been collecting traditions and rituals inherent in our region.

To burn or not to burn?

Andrey Davydov:

- Firstly, we, in the Samara region, did not have a scarecrow everywhere. Burning an effigy for Maslenitsa is a stereotype. In some villages, straw was simply piled up and burned. They burned old things - it was believed that in this way we get rid of the old and move on to something new. And far from always it was the figure of Maslenitsa.

Secondly, if there was still a scarecrow, then he was also dressed up in old worn out things, in various rags. Shrove Tuesday could simply be driven around the village, sung Shrovetide songs, and then taken out to a wasteland and simply dragged away, trampled on.

It is traditionally believed that if they made a head, then they made it impersonal, that is, without a face. In general, the face of a traditional doll appeared very late: it was allegedly believed that drawing a face copied a certain person. There is a certain ritual moment here (even remember Voodoo dolls) - you can slander a doll. So they tried to depersonalize a doll or a stuffed animal so that the soul could not live in it.

Our neighbors in the Ulyanovsk region, in the Korsun district, had a tradition of making a big Shrovetide doll, dressing it up in rags and driving it on a decorated sleigh through the streets of the village. The so-called Grandfather drove her. It was a peasant who dressed up as an old man, put on a tow beard, and a hat on one side. He drove Maslenitsa through the streets and so notified everyone that the holiday was beginning.

Symbolism, rituals and pancakes

L.S. Kozhin - Shrovetide. Seeing Winter"

Without going into details and not describing the full depth of the rites, the essence of Maslenitsa can be explained by the celebration of the end of winter and the beginning of spring. The theme of the beginning of a new life is intertwined here, which means the rejection of everything old.

In addition, ancient pagan rites are intertwined with Orthodoxy, and Maslenitsa week is considered meat-fat, when believers prepare for Great Lent. However, you could eat eggs, butter, cheese, all kinds of pies, and among other things there were pancakes, which only recently began to be considered a special dish.

Andrey Davydov:

- Pancakes are also a stereotype, they are not exclusively Shrovetide paraphernalia. Firstly, pancakes were not fried, as they are now, turning over in pans, but baked in a Russian oven, the pancake was thick enough. And it was never considered a symbol of the Sun, as is now commonly thought.

They were baked not from wheat flour, which was quite expensive, but from buckwheat with the addition of other cereals - and the pancake turned out black and brown. It was already at a later time that Kuprin compared it with the Sun, and this mess began.

There are not many carnival songs. On the territory of the Samara region in these songs there is not a word about Maslenitsa. But they were sung when the youth went sledding.

One of the favorite themes was the wedding, when young couples were put on a sleigh and rolled around the village, showing the beautiful newlyweds. And they sang lyrical songs that were considered Shrovetide.

In neighboring regions they sang, for example, the following song:

I'll harness the cat to the sled and go to Kuma Natalka.
Oil happy, reach out until the Great Day! (i.e. until Easter)

I'll harness the bull, where people go, I go there.
Oil happy, reach out until the Great Day!

People go through the hay, my knee hurts,
People go for firewood, my head hurts.
People go on the burner, and I'm little by little with them!

How to make a scarecrow?

V.B. Kotlyarov - Shrovetide. Seeing off winter»

Despite the fact that Maslenitsa was celebrated differently in different regions, now the most popular ritual is the burning of an effigy. In those regions where this was practiced, the necessary features of Maslenitsa were a humanoid structure with pronounced female forms.

The basis for the body of Shrovetide was a sheaf of straw, on which the head and hands were fastened with ropes. Large breasts were made from straw bundles. The main thing is that the external signs should be comically exaggerated, and the figure itself should be as large as possible.

The most popular and affordable way to make Shrovetide in modern conditions is the use of a wooden cross, on which either straw is wound, or, which is now more relevant and more accessible, old newspapers. All this is attached to the cross with twine. Of course, there should be no adhesive tape, plastic film and other chemical materials.

The head, despite the temptation to draw eyes, mouth and cheeks, in a real Maslenitsa should be impersonal. Shrovetide clothing is old and dilapidated.

Cover illustration: A. Brusilov. "Maslenitsa"

- joyful farewell to winter and the expectation of spring warmth. Winter has not yet given up, and spring has not come into its own. Let's see how Shrovetide was celebrated in the old days, and find out why you need to burn a huge straw effigy.

The timing of Maslenitsa directly depends on the Easter holiday. This is a week-long celebration, and each day has its own name.

Monday - "Meeting", Tuesday - "Flirty", Wednesday - "Gourmet", Thursday - "Razgulyay-four", Friday - "Teschiny Vecherki", Saturday - "Sister-in-law gatherings", "Seeing off", Sunday - "Forgiveness Day" . The names speak for themselves: from them it is clear how one should behave these days, and it is difficult to confuse anything here.

It was on Monday that a straw effigy of Maslenitsa was made - the main symbol of the holiday. The scarecrow personified a cold, evil and prickly winter, in other words, a mischievous aunt who was tired of everything and which it was high time to drive out of sight.

As a rule, Maslenitsa was made of straw or bast, and wood was always used, more often birch - wood and straw represented the power of the plant world. The scarecrow was dressed up in women's clothes, depicted a face, decorated with artificial flowers and ribbons. By tying ribbons, people made their innermost desires. For them to come true, the tapes later had to burn down along with Maslenitsa. Then the scarecrow was put on a pole and taken around the district, accompanying the action with cheerful singing and dancing.

In many houses, the so-called family Maslenitsa were also created. They were made very simply: the branches were tied in such a way that a torso with arms and legs was obtained. Then, with the help of ropes, winding them, they made a head, and dressed up this doll in various clothes. The family Maslenitsa was ready. The more ribbons on the doll, the more magical power it has.

The children enjoyed playing with her the whole Shrovetide week, and then, on Forgiveness Sunday, when the main effigy was engaged in fire, they also threw her into the fire.

But not all dolls were burned that day. Some stayed at home for as long as a year. Such a doll was called the “daughter of Shrovetide” or “younger sister” and was put out the window on “Mother-in-law’s day”.

It was also customary to give it to newlyweds who decided to get married at this time - so that the children were born healthy, prosperity and harmony were in a young family. This is where, by the way, the tradition of putting the doll on the car of the marriage cortege came from.

Since ancient times, the "Daughter of Shrovetide" has been considered a powerful amulet and has always been kept in a red corner. If misfortune came into the house, they removed it and, wrapping it three times clockwise, addressed with the words: “Turn away evil. Turn back good." A year later, the doll was burned in a Shrovetide bonfire or floated on the water.

The culmination of the holiday is the traditional burning of Maslenitsa on Sunday, “Forgiveness Day”. The effigy was taken to the edge of the village or to the square, usually Maslenitsa was accompanied by a whole procession. A fire was kindled on the spot, and then a scarecrow was burned to the songs and dances.

Why did they do it? It's simple: Maslenitsa is akin to the Phoenix bird: rebirth through death, the new can only appear on the ruins of the old.

Old things, garbage, worn out clothes were thrown into a blazing fire. People hoped for a revival, got rid of the gloomy past, sincerely believing in a bright future, and thus tried to protect themselves from misfortunes, troubles, diseases, crop failures.

During the Maslenitsa festivities in Moscow, which will be held from March 7 to 13, you can find out how they made stuffed Maslenitsa and traditional dolls - twists or coils, with details not sewn, but fixed with a tightly twisted thread and unhemmed edges of the patches. Such dolls not only decorated the interior, but were also considered amulets.

A master class for children and adults on creating dolls will be held, for example, in the Ilya Glazunov Gallery from March 8 to 13. It is located at 13 Volkhonka Street. It will be possible to learn how to make dolls on March 9 at the Izopark Gallery (19/22 Ostrovityanova Street). Gallery teachers will hold a master class on creating a Shrovetide doll using the original technique.

It will also be possible to make a doll at a charity exhibition-fair of products by students and teachers of the Solntsevo children's art school at the address: 50 Let Oktyabrya Street, 29b. The class will be held on March 10 from 16:00 to 18:00.

In addition, workshops on making dolls, costumes, clay toys, bracelets and other decorations for Maslenitsa on March 12 will be held in the following capital parks:

— Muzeon, Krymsky Val, possession 2;

— Hermitage, Karetny Ryad street, 3;

— Krasnaya Presnya, Mantulinskaya street, 5;

— Victory Park, Brothers Fonchenko Street, 7;

— Izmailovsky, Narodny Prospekt, property 17;

- Lilac Garden, Shchelkovskoe highway, house 9;

— Park named after Artyom Borovik, Pererva street;

— Kuzminki, Kuzminsky park, building 1, building 10;

— Sadovniki, Andropov Avenue, 58a;

— Sokolniki, Sokolnichesky Val street, property 1;

— cultural center "Zelenograd", Zelenograd, Central Square, building 1.

Egorova Natalya Viktorovna

Fun activities for preschoolers

graphic dictations.

Cell drawing- very exciting and useful activity for children. This is a playful way to develop a baby's spatial imagination, fine motor skills of fingers, perseverance.

Graphic dictations help develop attention, the ability to listen to the teacher, orientation in space. They will also prepare the child's hand for writing. Teach your child to be more attentive. This is a great way to develop logic, abstract thinking, painstaking. With the help of these activities, the child develops, corrects the correctness of his movements, “fills a firm hand”, this skill will help him at school. Graphic dictations can be successfully applied from the age of five.

What are graphic dictations? Graphic dictations are drawing by cells, using pointers in the task. To complete them, we need: a sheet of paper on which cells are drawn, a pencil, an eraser. The tasks contain arrows (showing the direction) and numbers (showing the number of cells that need to be passed in the specified direction). If you follow the signs accurately and carefully, draw a line in the right direction for the right distance, it turns out - a picture. It can be an animal, various objects, vegetables, fruits, trees, vehicles and much more.

Cell drawing - a good way to teach your baby to a pencil and pen. Teach how to hold it correctly, practice so that the fingers are not so tired of holding the subject at school. This exercise will help teach the baby to count correctly, here you will need to count the cells in order to draw a line to get a picture.

I practice graphic dictations under dictation, both with the whole group of children, and in individual lessons with children. Children love this kind of exercise. Also, children with great pleasure draw themselves on lined sheets with tasks.

How to perform a graphic dictation

(Rules for drawing by cells).

Graphic dictation can be performed in two versions:

1. The child is offered a sample of a geometric pattern and asked to repeat exactly the same pattern in a squared notebook.

2. An adult dictates a sequence of actions indicating the number of cells and their directions (left, right, up, down, the child performs the work by ear, and then compares his image of an ornament or figure with a sample in the manual using the overlay method.

When offering such tasks to children, the educator must observe certain rules. la:

When the teacher begins to dictate, he cannot pronounce any other words. And even more so to repeat the same direction twice.

Dictations are written in complete silence.

If the child is confused, then he quietly puts the pencil down and calmly waits until the teacher finishes dictating. Only then can you find out the error.

I start my acquaintance with the cell from the middle group.

I start work with the simplest - I write tasks in a notebook with a large cell, the child must continue the series. Learning to see a cell and a line. We write sticks, cells, corners, simple patterns, each time complicating the tasks. We first divide the patterns into segments - we train, then all the particles are assembled into a pattern.

The tasks use the following notation: the number of cells to be counted is indicated by a number, and the direction is indicated by an arrow.

Before you start writing a graphic dictation, you should explain to the children how the dictation will be conducted. First, we talk with the children that I will dictate to them how many cells you need to draw lines and in what direction. And they will draw these lines through the cells without lifting the pencil from the paper, and then together we will see what happens. Set the kids up so that they try to keep the lines even and beautiful, then the drawing will turn out wonderful.

For the first time, you can draw on the board with the children so that they can see how they need to work, and the children will be able to perform subsequent dictations without prompting. Before the dictation, you need to repeat where the right and left hands are, how to draw a line to the right and left. You can agree with the children about any marks (draw the letters “p” and “l” on the board, make marks on the walls, or stipulate that, for example: the right hand points to the window, and the left to the bedroom, etc.)

Then we move on to drawing from dictation.

To begin with, on a sheet with a dictation, in the upper corners, you need to mark - right and left. We give the child a notebook sheet in a cage, a pencil and an eraser.

In the older groups, at the top of the picture, we always indicate how many cells need to step back from the edge and top in order to start the dictation. In the indicated place, for example: retreat 5 cells from the edge to the left, count 6 cells from above. At this point, you need to put a point. It is better for young children to independently count the cells and set a starting point (from this point the child will draw lines under dictation).

It is better to start with the simplest: - one cell up (1, one cell to the right (1, one cell down (1), one cell to the left (1). It turned out to be a square.

You need to dictate clearly, the child must perceive everything by ear. At the end of the work, look at how the figures of the children coincide with the given elements. Consider a sample. If the baby is wrong, find out together exactly where. The eraser can be wiped from the point of failure, and continue. The main thing is to support the child, to praise, if something does not work out, you can offer to redraw the picture from the original.

Before each lesson, be sure to talk with your child about the fact that there are different directions and sides. Show him where is the right, where is the left, where is the top, where is the bottom. Pay attention to the baby that each person has a right and left side. Explain that the hand he eats, paints, and writes with is his right hand, and the other hand is his left. For left-handers, on the contrary, left-handers must be explained that there are people for whom the working hand is right, and there are people for whom the working hand is left.

This activity includes graphic dictation, discussion of images, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles and finger gymnastics. Each stage of the lesson carries a semantic load. Classes with a child can be built in a different sequence.

Application:

Reading 7 min.

Method for the development of spatial imagination

Graphic dictations are one of the most effective methods for developing a child's spatial imagination. They help to achieve accuracy in hand movements, teach to deftly use a pen and pencil, and navigate in space. And the free orientation of the child in space is the key to the successful development of educational material.

In addition, such tasks seem very interesting for children. They are like a game, during which the child observes a small miracle: before his eyes, thanks to his own actions, a certain hero or object appears in the cells, the page of the notebook comes to life.

During the performance of such graphic exercises, diligence, perseverance are brought up, fantasy develops. Children experience pleasure and joy, which directly affects their emotional state.

An ordinary beautiful drawing can only be created by a capable child, but everyone can! This inspires the child and gives him confidence in his abilities.

Often, graphic dictations are used in the practice of diagnostics.

Using the performance standards, the psychologist has the opportunity to conditionally divide children into 4 categories:

Children who showed a good and sufficient level of test performance. It can be assumed that they will not have special difficulties in learning in the process of mastering knowledge.
The children who completed the task at the intermediate level mostly followed the verbal instructions correctly, but made some significant mistakes at the reproductive level when doing the work independently. Usually they need individual help at the initial stage, they mainly adapt to perform educational tasks on their own.
Children who showed a low level of performance. Specific reasons are indicated, individual difficulties are analyzed. Such children require increased attention of the teacher and phased control on his part in the process of mastering new knowledge. Timely noticed difficulties and the use of certain measures to prevent failure significantly increase the likelihood of correcting the situation.
Children who did little to no work. Individual causes are analyzed in order to develop corrective and developmental measures to overcome the failure of specific children. These children require a deeper psychodiagnostic examination and psychological and pedagogical support.

Graphic dictations - how to work?

Graphic dictation can be performed in two versions:

The child is offered a sample of a geometric pattern and asked to repeat exactly the same pattern in a checkered notebook.
An adult dictates a sequence of actions indicating the number of cells and their directions (left, right, up, down), the child performs the work by ear, and then compares his image of an ornament or figure with a sample in the manual using the overlay method.

Graphic dictations are supplemented with riddles, tongue twisters, tongue twisters. In the course of the lesson, the child develops correct, clear and competent speech, develops fine motor skills of the hands, learns to highlight the distinctive features of objects, replenishes his vocabulary.

Tasks are selected according to the principle "from simple to complex". If you begin to study these graphic dictations with your child, complete the tasks with him in order: start with the very first simple dictations and gradually move on to more complex ones.

For classes, you need a checkered notebook, a simple pencil and an eraser so that the child can always correct the wrong line.

For children 5 - 6 years old, it is better to use a notebook with a large cage (0.8 mm) so as not to strain your eyesight.

Starting from an older age, for a graphic dictation, all drawings are calculated on a regular school notebook (they will not fit in a large-sized notebook).

The tasks use the following notation: the number of cells to be counted is indicated by a number, and the direction is indicated by an arrow.

For example, the entry:

An example of a graphic dictation dictation should read: 1 cell to the right, 3 cells up, 2 cells to the left, 4 cells down, 1 cell to the right.

During classes, the mood of the child and the friendly attitude of the adult are very important. Remember that classes for a child are not an exam, but a game.

Help the baby, make sure that he does not make mistakes. The result of the work should always satisfy the child, so that he wants to draw in cells again and again.

Your task is to help the child in a playful way to master the skills necessary for a good study. So never scold him. If something does not work out for him, just explain how to do it right. Praise your baby more often, and never compare with anyone.

The duration of one lesson with graphic dictations should not exceed 10-15 minutes for children of 5 years old, 15-20 minutes for children of 5-6 years old and 20-25 minutes for children of 6-7 years old.

But if the child is carried away, do not stop him and interrupt the lesson.

Pay attention to the landing of the child during the dictation, how he holds the pencil. Show your child how to hold a pencil between the knuckles of the index, thumb, and middle fingers. If the child does not count well, help him count the cells in the notebook.

Explain that the hand he eats, paints, and writes with is his right hand, and the other hand is his left. For left-handers, on the contrary, left-handers must be explained that there are people for whom the working hand is right, and there are people for whom the working hand is left.

It can be explained that earlier at school there were slanted desks, so the upper edge of the notebook was called the top, and the bottom edge was called the bottom. Explain to the baby that if you say "to the right", then you need to lead the pencil "there" (to the right). And if you say “to the left”, then you need to lead the pencil “there” (to the left) and so on. Show your child how to count the cells.

You yourself will also need a pencil and an eraser in order to mark the lines you read. Dictations are quite voluminous, and so as not to get confused, put dots with a pencil in front of the lines you are reading. This will help you not get lost. After the dictation, you can erase all the points.

Each lesson includes a graphic dictation, a discussion of images, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles and finger gymnastics. Each stage of the lesson carries a semantic load.

Classes with a child can be built in a different sequence. You can first do finger gymnastics, read tongue twisters and tongue twisters, and then do a graphic dictation. On the contrary, you can first do a graphic dictation, then tongue twisters and finger gymnastics. Riddles are best guessed at the end of the lesson.

When the child draws a picture, talk about the fact that there are objects and there are images of them. Images are different: photographs, drawings, a schematic image. Graphic dictations are a schematic representation of an object.

Talk about how each animal has its own distinctive features. A schematic representation shows distinctive features by which we can recognize an animal or object.

Ask your child what are the distinguishing features of the animal he has drawn. For example, a hare has long ears and a small tail, an elephant has a long trunk, an ostrich has a long neck, a small head and long legs, and so on.

Work with tongue twisters and tongue twisters in different ways:

Let the child pick up the ball and, rhythmically tossing and catching it with his hands, say a tongue twister or tongue twister. You can toss and catch the ball for every word or syllable.
Let the child say a tongue twister (pure tongue twister), throwing the ball from one hand to the other.
You can say a tongue twister by clapping the rhythm with your palms.
Offer to say the tongue twister 3 times in a row and not get lost.

Do finger exercises together so that the child sees and repeats the movements behind you.

And now that you have got acquainted with the basic rules for conducting a graphic dictation, you can begin to study.

I picked up several options for graphic dictations for preschool children. Hope your little one can handle them easily.

Graphic dictations for preschoolers help parents and teachers to systematically prepare the child for school and prevent such typical learning difficulties as underdevelopment of spelling vigilance, restlessness and absent-mindedness. Regular classes with these graphic dictations develop the child's voluntary attention, spatial imagination, fine motor skills of the fingers, coordination of movements, and perseverance.

Drawing by cells is a very exciting and useful activity for children. This is a playful way to develop a baby's spatial imagination, fine motor skills of fingers, coordination of movements, perseverance. Graphic dictations can be successfully used for children from 5 to 10 years old.

Performing the tasks proposed in the tasks below - graphic dictations, the child will broaden his horizons, increase his vocabulary, learn to navigate in a notebook, and get acquainted with different ways of depicting objects.
How to work with these graphic dictations:

In each dictation, tasks are given for children 5-7 years old.

Graphic dictation can be performed in two versions:
1. The child is offered a sample of a geometric pattern and asked to repeat exactly the same pattern in a squared notebook.
2. An adult dictates a sequence of actions indicating the number of cells and their directions (left, right, up, down), the child performs the work by ear, and then compares his image of an ornament or figure with a sample in the manual using the overlay method.

Graphic dictations are supplemented with riddles, tongue twisters, tongue twisters and finger gymnastics. In the course of the lesson, the child develops correct, clear and competent speech, develops fine motor skills of the hands, learns to highlight the distinctive features of objects, replenishes his vocabulary.

For classes, you need a checkered notebook, a simple pencil and an eraser so that the child can always correct the wrong line. For children 5 - 6 years old, it is better to use a notebook with a large cage (0.8 mm) so as not to strain your eyesight. Starting with graphic dictation No. 40, all drawings are designed for an ordinary school notebook (they will not fit in a notebook in a large cage).

The tasks use the following notation: the number of cells to be counted is indicated by a number, and the direction is indicated by an arrow. For example, entry: should read: 1 cell to the right, 3 cells up, 2 cells to the left, 4 cells down, 1 cell to the right.

During classes, the mood of the child and the friendly attitude of the adult are very important. Remember that classes for a child are not an exam, but a game. Help the baby, make sure that he does not make mistakes. The result of the work should always satisfy the child, so that he wants to draw in cells again and again.

After that, you can open the notebook and teach the child to navigate on a sheet of paper. Show the child where the notebook has the left edge, where is the right, where is the top, where is the bottom. It can be explained that earlier at school there were slanted desks, so the upper edge of the notebook was called the top, and the bottom edge was called the bottom. Explain to the baby that if you say "to the right", then you need to lead the pencil "there" (to the right). And if you say “to the left”, then you need to lead the pencil “there” (to the left) and so on. Show your child how to count the cells.

Each lesson includes a graphic dictation, a discussion of images, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles and finger gymnastics. Each stage of the lesson carries a semantic load. Classes with a child can be built in a different sequence. You can first do finger gymnastics, read tongue twisters and tongue twisters, and then do a graphic dictation. On the contrary, you can first do a graphic dictation, then tongue twisters and finger gymnastics. Riddles are best guessed at the end of the lesson.
When the child draws a picture, talk about the fact that there are objects and there are images of them. Images are different: photographs, drawings, a schematic image. Graphic dictation is a schematic representation of an object.

Talk about how each animal has its own distinctive features. A schematic representation shows distinctive features by which we can recognize an animal or object. Ask your child what are the distinguishing features of the animal he has drawn. For example, a hare has long ears and a small tail, an elephant has a long trunk, an ostrich has a long neck, a small head and long legs, and so on.

Work with tongue twisters and tongue twisters in different ways:
1. Let the child pick up the ball and, rhythmically tossing and catching it with his hands, say a tongue twister or tongue twister. You can toss and catch the ball for every word or syllable.
2. Let the child say a tongue twister (pure tongue twister), throwing the ball from one hand to the other.
3. You can say a tongue twister by clapping the rhythm with your palms.
4. Offer to say the tongue twister 3 times in a row and not get lost.
Do finger exercises together so that the child sees and repeats the movements behind you.
And now that you have got acquainted with the basic rules for conducting a graphic dictation, you can begin to study.

Each dictation opens in a new window.