On what day does pregnancy occur after conception. Increased PMS symptoms. Discomfort in the breasts

Every woman is simply obliged to know the signs of pregnancy in the first days after conception. This is important, because then you can give up some bad habits in time, change plans - for example, do not drink alcohol at a festive feast or start going to bed early so that the body has the strength to cope with future changes.

Physiological features of the course of pregnancy in the first two weeks

The onset of this condition is possible only during ovulation, which normally occurs approximately on the 14th day after the onset of menstruation. During ovulation, the egg begins to slowly move towards the uterus, during this movement, and fertilization occurs. After that, the egg continues to move through the fallopian tube, and after about 7 days, the embryo is fixed on the wall of the uterus. From this moment, the development of pregnancy begins - the stage is called embryonic.

How to accurately determine the onset of pregnancy

There are three reliable ways to identify the accomplished conception. Deciding which one to use depends on the urgency and importance of the information.

Gynecologist visit

The doctor will conduct a gynecological examination, as a result of which, according to the change in the condition of the uterus and cervix, he will tell his opinion. The earliest time when a doctor can determine pregnancy in this way is 7-10 days after fertilization, when the embryo is already fixed on the wall of the uterus.

Perhaps the most reliable method. The terms are the same - 7-10 days after conception.

test strip

It is also a very accurate method, but you need to be able to use it correctly. The time when the test strip will give the correct result is approximately 14 days after fertilization.

The test strip reacts to the presence of the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in the blood - it is produced by the placenta.

The concentration of the hormone in the blood begins to increase after the embryo is fixed in the uterus and reaches the concentration necessary for the reaction after about 14 days.

If you do a test earlier, it will not show the presence of pregnancy due to too low a hormone concentration. Therefore, it is important to repeat the test every 2 days for a week. The fact is that in the first days the content of hCG increases very quickly - every two days its concentration doubles. It is possible to determine the conception that has occurred no earlier than two weeks after fertilization.

Symptothermal method

The reliability of this method is very high, and with the help of it, a woman can already tell on the second day whether she is pregnant or not. The method is based on daily monitoring of the state of your reproductive system.

Every day, readings of basal temperature, the state of the mucous membrane of the cervix are taken. The data is entered into a special chart.

The method allows diagnosing any changes in the reproductive system with great accuracy. For example, you can know with 100% accuracy that today is the day of ovulation. To use this technique correctly, you must first undergo special training, and then practice daily self-monitoring.

From the foregoing, it is necessary to remember: until the egg is fixed in the uterus, it is impossible to determine the onset of pregnancy in the first three ways. And it is pointless to use a test strip earlier than 14 days after the intended conception.

The main signs in the first few days after fertilization

If there is no urgency, then, by observing your body, you can guess about it yourself already for a period of 7-14 days, when the test strip will still be “silent”. Consider what symptoms of pregnancy in the early days may be, depending on the characteristics of the woman's body.

Breast changes

The mammary glands swell, become tight, you can feel fullness and tingling in the chest. In this way, the breast can also react to ordinary menstruation, but, firstly, when pregnancy occurs, these manifestations are much brighter, and secondly, they occur earlier than the expected date of the next menstruation.

Drowsiness, dizziness, throws it into heat, then into cold

All these are eloquent signs that a change in the hormonal background in the body has begun. This restructuring begins from about 10-14 days of pregnancy and usually lasts 2-3 months. These symptoms disappear within a week, when the body adapts to the process of restructuring. This adaptation is different for everyone.

You may not feel all of the listed symptoms at all, and do not pay attention to the resulting drowsiness within 3-4 days.

Change in the appearance of the abdomen

When the egg is fixed, the uterus reacts by lifting up a little. Outwardly, this can be seen from the tubercle on the abdomen, which becomes higher. They say, "the stomach has risen." This subtle change can be observed as early as 8-10 days after the intended conception and usually only in thin women.

Delayed menstruation

If the cycle of menstruation is normal, that is, approximately 28 days, then the next menstruation comes 14 days after ovulation. And in the event of conception during ovulation, after 14 days there is a lack of menstruation.

Small spotting

Occur 7-10 days after fertilization. This symptom is rare. Such discharge occurs due to ruptures of blood vessels at the site of attachment of the embryo to the wall of the uterus. 1-2 days continue.

Usually they occur immediately 1-2 days before menstruation. And in the case of pregnancy, they can appear at the “wrong” time. They do not last long and usually do not bother much. If there is an assumption that conception has occurred, and it is known on what day, then it remains to be patient and wait a week, and then strengthen self-monitoring.

If there is drowsiness and nothing else, you should not think that there is a pregnancy. To draw conclusions, it is necessary to note the presence of several signs or, conversely, their absence. Especially if this is the first time and there is no personal experience yet.

How is pregnancy in the first weeks

So, the pregnancy did come. What changes are taking place in the body now, and what conditions can we expect?

Weight change

Normally, the weight should now gradually increase every week. This indicator is necessarily monitored by a gynecologist when a pregnant woman is registered in a antenatal clinic.

Weight should not grow too fast, but it should not stand still either. In practice, everything happens, even its reduction.

This may be due to a heavy load at work or at home, as well as stress, lack of sleep and malnutrition.

These are signs of toxicosis of the first trimester. Not everyone has toxicosis, and the exact causes of this condition are still unknown.

Frequent urination

This symptom appears twice during the entire period: in the first trimester and in the second, only the causes are different. In the first trimester, the cause of frequent urination is a sharp rush of blood to the pelvic organs, as a result of which the kidneys switch to a different mode of operation for a while. Usually this symptom manifests itself in 1-3 weeks.

Light vaginal discharge

This is cervical discharge, they are the norm. During the entire period of bearing a child, the discharge changes its color and consistency.

The uterus continues to grow

Every week, the gynecologist records the rise of the uterine fundus. This is one way to monitor the development of pregnancy.

This happens gradually during the first trimester. The pressure drops from the normal 120/70 to about 100/60, but this figure is very individual.

This happens because the volume of blood in the circulatory system of a pregnant woman increases by 1.5 times.

Constipation, accumulation of gases in the intestines

This unpleasant symptom occurs due to weak intestinal motility against the background of a changed hormonal background during the period of bearing a child. The fact is that one of the main hormones at this time is progesterone, which has a relaxing effect on smooth muscles, which is primarily necessary to maintain the uterus in a relaxed state.

The action of progesterone also affects the intestines, worsening its peristalsis. To prevent constipation, it is important to adjust the diet.

Pregnancy and childbirth

Most young girls and women who have already taken place are interested in the following question, when does pregnancy occur and why does it not occur.

Naturally, the nature of this issue will differ from case to case.

However, let's talk about when to expect pregnancy and its signs. And why pregnancy does not occur, what to do in this case?

The onset of pregnancy worries two groups of women - those who really want it, and those who are afraid of it. There are several ways to find out this sensitive issue. So:

When does pregnancy occur after conception and ovulation

First of all, pregnancy occurs due to sexual intercourse. Regardless of whether it was protected or not. After all, contraceptives, as you know, do not always protect a woman from pregnancy.

After sexual intercourse, the spermatozoa resulting from ejaculation begin to move towards the meeting with the egg, which is produced by the female internal genital organs - the ovaries. At the same time, it was noticed that in one sexual intercourse a man is able to "release" about 280-400 million spermatozoa.

Spermatozoa, in order to reach the fallopian tube, must travel from the vagina to the cervix, in fact, into it. Only then after 30-60 minutes they enter the fallopian tube. It is worth noting that this time may vary depending on the activity of spermatozoa.

On the way to the cherished goal, many sperm die and remain halfway. There are many reasons for this. At the same time, only a few of them reach the necessary fallopian tube and only one of this number will connect with the egg.

When a sperm connects with an egg, the process of the birth of a new life begins. The fertilized egg begins to develop by dividing and moves to the uterus for implantation to its walls.

It remains in the fallopian tube for a short time - 3-4 days, and then when it enters the uterus, the process of implantation occurs. This process provokes an intensive production of the hCG hormone. Its elevated level can be determined in the first week after conception using a blood test. A week later in the urine, conducting a pregnancy test.

Now let's see, "after how many days pregnancy occurs after intercourse":

With normal sperm activity and in the presence of a released egg, pregnancy begins to develop after an hour. After one sperm meets an egg.

Let's answer the question - "when does pregnancy occur after ovulation"?

Pregnancy occurs differently for every woman. Its onset depends to a greater extent on what day ovulation occurs.

Ovulation is the period during which the follicle ruptures and an egg is released from it. Basically, ovulation occurs two weeks before the start of menstruation.

On average, the entire menstrual cycle in women lasts 28 days. Then it will come on the 14th day. If the cycle is shorter, then ovulation will fall on the 10th and maximum 12th day, if it is longer, then it should be expected no earlier than on the 16th-18th day.

In this case, sexual intercourse could occur before the onset of ovulation. Spermatozoa can wait in this case for an egg up to 7 days. However, the egg is able to wait for a meeting with the sperm no longer than 24 hours.

You can find the answer to the question of when pregnancy occurs after conception in the explanation for the first question. They are similar to each other.

There are a number of signs by which you can determine when pregnancy has occurred.

The first of these signs is an increase in the level of the hormone hCG in the blood of a woman.
The second sign is an increase in basal temperature. When pregnancy occurs, it rises to 37 degrees.
The third symptom is uterine bleeding. They have nothing to do with menstrual flow. They are characterized by a meager nature and they last for 1-3 days. Such uterine bleeding does not occur in every pregnant woman. The reason for their appearance is associated with the implantation of a fertilized egg.
The fourth sign is a pronounced premenstrual syndrome. Mood changes are more frequent and brighter, aching pains appear in the lower back and lower abdomen, you want one food product more than the others, and your sense of smell becomes more acute. There may be a rush of blood to the chest, in which it swells.

A clear sign of pregnancy is the presence of a fetal egg in the uterus and the absence of menstruation. However, due to certain circumstances, the fetal egg does not always begin its journey to the uterus and remains in the fallopian tube. In this case, the pregnancy is ectopic.

Alas, not all women have a high chance of getting pregnant. Sometimes the reason lies not even in her health. The reason may be the man himself. Why?

Firstly, spermatozoa for certain reasons are not as active as they should be.

Secondly, they are produced in the wrong quantity.

Third, a man abuses bad habits and leads an unhealthy lifestyle, has certain diseases that negatively affect his reproductive function.

At the same time, a woman's health can also negatively affect pregnancy. For example:

For sexually transmitted diseases.
With adhesive processes in the pelvic organs.
With the bend of the uterus and its underdevelopment.
With infertility.
With hormonal imbalance, thyroid disease, diabetes and so on.

All these reasons significantly reduce the chance of getting pregnant and bearing a healthy child. As a result of the presence of some of these factors, ovulation itself may not occur, at which the egg should have been released.

It is noteworthy that sometimes the absence of ovulation does not affect the presence of menstrual flow. This process is called anovulation. Its causes are the same, and if measures are not taken, the onset of infertility is possible.

To begin with, it is recommended that all specialists undergo a complete examination. It is necessary not only for a woman, but also for her sexual partner. Only on the basis of the data obtained from the analysis it will be possible to learn about reason that affected the ability to become pregnant.

To do this, a woman needs undergo an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, donate blood to determine hidden infections and to determine the level of hormonal levels. At the same time, visit a gynecologist for a gynecological examination.
Men also need to take blood tests and an analysis such as a spermogram. It is necessary to determine the activity of spermatozoa, their quantity and quality in general.

When planning the birth of a child, a woman pays close attention to her menstrual cycle. It is important not to miss its shortest phase - ovulation. It is during this period that the mature egg leaves the follicle and goes into the fallopian tube to meet with the sperm. For a normal 28-day cycle, this phase falls in the middle - day 14-15. A woman has 24 hours to get pregnant.

After intercourse, she listens to her body with bated breath, trying to notice the first signs of pregnancy after ovulation. No matter how great the desire to confirm the birth of a new life, signals about changes in the state will appear only after 5-7 days.

Signs of pregnancy after ovulation

How does conception take place? After ovulation, the egg remains temporarily in the fallopian tube. Hundreds of spermatozoa, approaching the target, dissolve its protective shell with a special enzyme, but only one of them gets inside. To do this, he is given 1-2 hours.

After the fusion of the nuclei, a zygote is formed, and after 28-30 hours it begins to divide. The process lasts up to three days, after which the muscles of the fallopian tube begin to contract to guide the zygote into the uterine cavity. How long will you have to wait to notice and feel the first signs of the completed conception?

The corpus luteum, formed after ovulation, actively produces progesterone, a hormone that helps to secure the embryo in the uterus.

The time of implantation falls on the 5-7th day, right now you can notice the first signs of pregnancy:

pulling sensations in the lower abdomen and in the lower back due to uterine contractions;
a small amount of blood in the discharge, caused by ruptures of small vessels of the uterus.

After the embryo is fixed, intensive production of various hormones, including hCG, begins. It is on its high concentration in urine and blood that a pregnancy test reacts. The first blood tests can be carried out 5 days after ovulation, if you are expecting a baby, then the level of hormones has already increased. After a week, the concentration of hCG will rise in the urine.

There comes a period of serious restructuring of the body, there is a need to increase nutrients, because now they support the life of two people. Women's taste preferences change, breasts swell and nipples become more sensitive.

Two weeks after ovulation, the first signs of pregnancy are already obvious:

no menstruation;
fatigue and drowsiness appear;
hormonal changes in the body are accompanied by a change in mood;
nausea appears, this is toxicosis - a constant companion of pregnant women;
frequent urination due to an enlarged uterus pressing on the bladder.

The first signs appear with varying intensity, for some women they are obvious, while for others they are smoothed out.

Time to take a pregnancy test

Even at the planning stage, women think about when to take a pregnancy test after ovulation so that it accurately shows conception. A common recommendation of doctors is at 4-5 weeks of the alleged pregnancy. It is during this period that the maximum concentration of hCG hormone occurs. Test strips have varying degrees of sensitivity. Expensive options can determine the change in 14-15 days.

The amount of hCG is associated with the nature of the course of pregnancy. With the development of several fetuses, the level of the hormone rises significantly, and if there is a threat of interruption, it drops. How to do the test yourself?

There are a few simple rules for this:

The main thing is to follow the instructions on the package.
Do the analysis in the morning, when the highest concentration of the hormone.
Refuse to administer if the strip is damaged.

If the test is negative, you should not immediately do a second one, it is better to wait a few days. With a positive result, it is worth contacting a gynecologist for a complete examination and confirmation of the condition. To finally confirm pregnancy, doctors recommend doing a blood test and ultrasound. Ultrasound examination is an effective procedure that determines the appearance of an embryo at an early stage.

Discharge after ovulation

Allocations accompany the entire menstrual cycle. The onset of ovulation is indicated by drops of blood due to microtrauma of the follicle. After successful conception, such discharges are repeated a week later when the embryo is implanted. This may be a sign of pregnancy.

White, thick, odorless discharge may be associated with the production of progesterone. This hormone promotes body changes designed to protect the uterus. Discharges of this kind are a barrier against infections and prevent miscarriage. With a change in the ratio of hormones, the nature of the discharge changes. They become more fluid.

Is it possible to get pregnant after ovulation

Not only do women have different menstrual cycles ranging from 21 to 35 days, but their personal cycles can also go astray. The reason for late or early ovulation can be stress, illness, climate change. Without special tests, it is impossible to determine the exact day of ovulation, so you should not focus on a specific date. To increase the chances of fertilization, attempts at conception begin a few days earlier.

This is facilitated by the high viability of spermatozoa, which expect an egg for 3 days. The highest probability of conception on the day of ovulation, it is 33%, if sexual intercourse occurred 2 days before it, then the chances are lower - 24%. The possibility of getting pregnant after ovulation is negligible, the egg dies after 24 hours. But in the case of late ovulation, which occurs before menstruation, the conception of a child is a completely natural result.

Pregnancy does not always occur after ovulation, and this worries women. Why does conception not occur if signs of ovulation were felt? There are several reasons:

In every woman, once or twice a year, the egg does not mature, this is not a sign of illness, but a feature of the body.
A small number of active spermatozoa in male semen.
Gynecological diseases reduce the likelihood of learning about conception after ovulation.
Psychological reasons - often a woman is physically healthy, but is in a state of stress, because of a great desire to become pregnant. But it is precisely this obsession that delays the joyful event.

In fact, the beginning of pregnancy is fertilization, but the obstetric period is considered to be according to the cycle of menstruation. The first two weeks fall on the preparation of the body for ovulation - the maturation of the egg and the exit from the follicle.

It would seem that we all know the answer to this banal question - even in adolescence, our curiosity about this was satisfied. But if you dig more seriously, it becomes obvious that this knowledge is from the field of theory, and in practice such whimsical turns often occur that one can only wonder how we ourselves managed to come into being. Those who think that conception is just a mechanical meeting of the egg and sperm are mistaken. In fact, this is a sacrament that occurs due to a complex combination of temporal, physiological and other factors.

The decisive role in this process belongs to neurohumoral mechanisms, in which the main role is played by hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands (glands in the brain), as well as organs of the reproductive system. Schematically, conception can be represented in the form of five stages:

In a woman, during the first half of the menstrual cycle, under the influence of specific hormones, the growth and maturation of the follicle in one of the ovaries is stimulated. At the same time, the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) expands to prepare for the reception of a fertilized egg.

When the egg matures, a sharp rise in hormone levels leads to its release - ovulation occurs. The follicle ruptures and releases the egg, which enters the fallopian tube. The exact time of this event depends on the individual characteristics of the menstrual cycle. On average, in a 28-day cycle, ovulation occurs between days 14 and 16 (day 1 being the first day of your period).

In place of the bursting follicle, the so-called "yellow body" is formed, which actively secretes enzymes, due to which the uterus is preparing to accept a fertilized egg. The endometrium grows in it, blood vessels branch out. Without this, the embryo would come to an unprepared place and would not be able to attach to the wall of the uterus.

The egg is not just in the fallopian tube, but moves along it to the uterus. From the other end, spermatozoa enter this tube through the uterus. It is here that the conception of a new organism occurs: the male and female sex cells merge to form an embryo. By the way, spermatozoa that enter the female body remain viable in it for 48–72 hours.

A new cell, which no longer belongs to either the maternal or paternal organism, immediately begins to actively divide. At the same time, the movement to the uterus continues. Once in it, the embryo “hatches” (leaves) from the protective shell surrounding it and is implanted in the endometrium. In the future, the placenta, umbilical cord and everything necessary for the proper development of the fetus arise from the endometrial cells.

If fertilization does not occur, or for some reason the fetus does not implant, the lining of the uterus is removed from the body in the form of menstrual bleeding ("menstruation"), and the whole cycle repeats again.

The role of hormones

These substances are the conductors of the entire process described above. In women, hormones control the menstrual cycle, the development and release of an egg, prepare the uterus to receive an embryo, and in men, they regulate the activity of the reproductive system and sperm production.

One of the important elements for ovulation and conception is follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). It stimulates the growth and maturation of the egg in a woman and affects the production of estrogen. It is also produced in men - in the stronger sex, it is responsible for the maturation and development of spermatozoa in the testicles.

Another leading component - luteinizing hormone (LH) - in women causes the release of an egg from the ovary. It is also required for the production of estrogen. In men, LH stimulates the production of testosterone, a hormone that is responsible for the formation of secondary male sexual characteristics and controls the maturation of spermatozoa.

These are the main substances that determine the conception and further successful pregnancy. Their secretion into the bloodstream is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Another important enzyme, progesterone, prepares the endometrium of the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized egg.

Increasing the likelihood of conception

There is something miraculous about getting pregnant, and a miracle usually takes time and, oddly enough, luck. Many factors can affect a couple's fertility. They can both reduce and increase the chances of having children. To increase this likelihood, you need to work with your partner to study issues related to conceiving children. If you have any difficulties, first discuss them in detail together. Of course, this will take time and patience, but remember - millions of other couples have already gone through this conversation.

And don't forget that you have plenty of reasons to be optimistic, as modern fertility treatments are extremely effective. Above, we examined how conception occurs and pregnancy occurs naturally. Let's now take a look at what can await those who long to experience the joys of motherhood and fatherhood, but are unsuccessfully trying to have a child naturally.

Choosing your future

A variety of treatment options have helped many men and women achieve the desired success, from prescribing recombinant drugs to the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). According to the World Health Organization, after a medical examination, the cause of childlessness remains unknown in only 5-10% of couples. Depending on the underlying cause of the disturbances, relatively simple therapies are offered.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Method: Hormonal stimulation of the ovaries using gonadotropins (special hormones) leads to the maturation of several eggs in a woman.

Description: Eggs are taken and fertilized in vitro (that is, "in vitro") with the sperm of a partner or a donor.

If fertilization occurs within 24-28 hours, one or more embryos are placed in the uterus.

Possible cause: Female infertility due to obstruction of the fallopian tubes or endometriosis.

Additional comments: Male infertility due to the pathology of sperm that are not capable of fertilization.

Cases of infertility with an unknown cause.

Because fertilization takes place in vitro (outside the human body), spermatozoa can be examined to exclude pathological forms.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Method: An in vitro microsurgical fertilization method that allows one of the spermatozoa to be selected and injected into the egg.

Description: Egg retrieval is performed after ovulation stimulation as in the IVF method.

Possible Cause: Male infertility with a very low number of healthy spermatozoa or a significant decrease in their ability to fertilize.

Additional comments: It is an alternative to artificial insemination with donor sperm.

Intratubal gamete transfer (GIFT)

Method: Similar to IVF, except that fertilization takes place in the woman's body (in vivo).

Description: Spermatozoa and eggs are artificially placed directly into the fallopian tube for the purpose of fertilization.

Possible cause: Infertility associated with endometriosis and cervical pathology.

Infertility with unknown cause.

Some cases of male infertility.

Additional comments: The method is performed only in the absence of pathology of the fallopian tubes.

Fertilization cannot be controlled because it occurs in vivo.

Intratubal zygote transfer (ZIFT)

Method: Similar to IVF, except that a fertilized egg at the zygote stage is placed in the fallopian tube.

Description: Same as for GIFT.

Possible reason: The method is performed only in the absence of pathology of the fallopian tubes.

Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA)

Method: Taking sperm directly from the epididymis located in the testicles of a man.

Then fertilization is performed using ICSI.

Description: Severe forms of male infertility, such as the absence of sperm in the ejaculate, a condition known as azoospermia.

Possible Cause: Congenital anomalies (eg, absence of the vas deferens).

Additional comments: Usually, a single procedure will obtain enough spermatozoa to be frozen and used later, if required.

Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE)

Method: A testicular biopsy is performed to obtain spermatozoa directly from the tissue of the testicle.