Miscarriage 1 month. Early miscarriage: signs, symptoms, causes

A miscarriage is considered to be an abortion before 22 weeks or with a fetal weight of less than 500 g, regardless of the presence or absence of signs of fetal life.

How does a miscarriage happen?

A miscarriage is the premature exit of the fetus from the mother's body. There are two options for the course of this process, which directly depend on the timing of pregnancy.

The first option is a miscarriage by the type of rejection. This type of miscarriage occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy as a result of the immune conflict between the mother and the fetus. As a result, there is a violation of the functions of the future placenta and the production of antibodies to the cells of a "foreign" organism. In this case, the chorion is destroyed, and the fetal egg is expelled from the uterine cavity. The process is accompanied by bleeding of varying degrees - more often it is heavy bleeding.

The second variant of miscarriage occurs according to the type of childbirth, and is observed in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The main role in this variant is played by a change in the tone of the uterus - a significant increase in the tone of the uterine muscles or insufficiency of the closing apparatus of the uterus. In this case, there are contractions, the opening of the cervix and the birth of the fetus.

How to understand that a miscarriage has occurred?

With miscarriages in the first trimester, there are pulling pains in the lower abdomen, smearing red-brown compartments appear, bleeding may occur, and sometimes the urge to urinate and defecate. In this case, the fetus completely or partially leaves the uterine cavity with blood clots.

At a later date, a miscarriage proceeds according to the type of premature birth with contractions and cramping pain, the release of amniotic fluid and the fetus with its membranes, in whole or in part.

What to do if a miscarriage occurs?

If you notice the appearance of bloody compartments in the early stages of pregnancy, consult a doctor immediately, as there is a chance to save the pregnancy before heavy bleeding occurs. With heavy bleeding, hospitalization is necessary, since large blood loss, blood poisoning and death for a woman are possible. Preservation of pregnancy in such cases, as a rule, fails.

If a late miscarriage occurs, a visit to the doctor or hospitalization is also necessary, since the fetal membranes may remain in the uterine cavity, the infection of which is a threat to the life and health of the mother.

What to do if a miscarriage occurs at home?

In case of any miscarriage or suspicion of it, call a doctor or an ambulance immediately! Try to clearly and distinctly tell the dispatcher your address, the symptoms that bother you and the timing of pregnancy.

You should also know what a woman needs to do before help arrives if a miscarriage occurs:

Lie on the bed with a rolled-up blanket or pillow under your buttocks to help reduce bleeding.
Cold (ice pack, if there is none - any frozen foods wrapped in a towel, a heating pad with as cold water as possible) on the lower abdomen.
Remember your blood type and Rh factor (blood transfusion may be needed). It is better to write this information down and put a note next to it.
Do not throw away diapers, towels and blood-soaked materials - the doctor needs them to assess blood loss.
Monitor your general condition - measure blood pressure and pulse before the doctor arrives.
If possible, prepare a set of instruments for gynecological examination and curettage.

What happens after a miscarriage?

After a spontaneous miscarriage occurs, the membranes of the fetus, blood clots, and remnants of amniotic fluid remain in the birth canal, which become infected and decompose. The complete exit of all membranes is extremely rare, which requires diagnostic curettage of the remnants of the uterine cavity and suturing of ruptures, if any.

Spontaneous miscarriages are a signal of the need for examination to prevent future abortions. It is necessary to find out the cause of the miscarriage and eliminate it. In the early stages of pregnancy, miscarriages rarely threaten a woman's reproductive health and more often prevent the birth of a child with chromosomal developmental anomalies, often incompatible with life.

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Questions and answers on: how to find out if there was a miscarriage

2008-10-09 07:19:33

Irina asks:

Hello! When they did an ultrasound, they told me that I had a first-degree small uterus. Could the ultrasound doctor not notice the pregnancy (because the task was to examine the ovaries), if the period is possibly less than 5-6 weeks? And how will this “defect” of the uterus affect the fetus, besides, it is also tilted to the right, as if the appendix was cut out? Just scared me that a miscarriage is possible? And how do you know if you had a miscarriage or not?

Responsible Pivovarova Tatyana Pavlovna:

Good afternoon, Irina! Do not panic and do not create unnecessary problems for yourself. Try to solve them as they arise. Hypoplasia of the uterus is not a “defect”, it may be small initially, it may decrease against the background of hormonal changes, against the background of diets, in the end, the results of the ultrasound picture can be incorrectly interpreted. The hypoplasia will not affect the fetus. The tilt of the uterus is also not a problem, it occurs often, perhaps you had an inflammatory process of the pelvic organs and there were adhesions that slightly displaced the uterus. The tilt should not lead to a miscarriage either. If the examination was carried out with an abdominal sensor (through the abdomen), pregnancy might not have been noticed, since the period is too short. Pregnancy can be diagnosed by a test, an analysis for hCG, but ultrasound helps to establish localization. Pregnancy is, as a rule, a delay in menstruation, and termination of pregnancy is accompanied by its resumption of pain, etc.

2016-05-20 09:13:19

Svetlana asks:

Hello. I have a question. The last menstruation was on April 12, she was breastfeeding the baby, she left it in early May. Then a delay, did the test was positive. I talked to my husband and decided to leave. Then I began to think about the fact that I already have two children of the same age and another one will be born, how will I cope with them and so I don’t have time (the eldest is 2 years and 4 months old, and the youngest is 9 months old), although my husband helps, but all the same, the responsibility falls on my shoulders. This may be half the trouble, but during my two previous pregnancies I had a very terrible varicose veins, I'm afraid that I simply won't be able to bear a healthy baby. A couple of days ago I did an ultrasound, they said that there was a large detachment of the placenta and, naturally, the threat of a miscarriage. Yesterday I decided to go for a vacuum, I already passed all the tests, the operation was scheduled for Tuesday
Another doctor said that my thrush prescribed rumizol suppositories, I have been putting them on for the second day. And in the winter I found out that I had cervical erosion. To be honest, I really want to leave this baby, but I don’t know because of stress and all my sores, and plus, I began to put candles, what kind of child will be born is unknown, I stand at a crossroads, I change my mind every day. I'm afraid that at the very last moment I will escape from the vacuum. Tell me what to do, I certainly know that the decision is only mine, but it's so difficult to make a choice.

Responsible Serpeninova Irina Viktorovna:

This is already a small life, the same child as your elders, leave it! In a few years, you will most likely want another child, and varicose veins will progress every year and in a few years will give you more trouble than now. As for suppositories, there is no evidence of harm to the fetus from the local use of drugs. Erosion of the cervix is also not a contraindication to bearing, most likely you have left it after the first birth and did not prevent the bearing of the second child.

2016-04-23 19:52:58

Karina asks:

Hello. I am 18 years old. Six months only began to live a sexual life, as she got married. I had a miscarriage at 16 weeks pregnant. I got pregnant right away, but miscarried at 16 weeks. Recently passed tests for infections:
Toxoplasma IgG 200 IU/ml; IgM neg. Normal up to 30.
CMV IgG 1:1000; IgM neg. Norm 1:600.
HSV IgG 1:800; IgM neg. Norm 1:600.
Chlamydia, Trichomonas, Candida, Epstein-Barr, Ureaplasma-negative.
Mycoplasma 1:5 weak positive.
I went to the gynecologist with my mother-in-law. The gynecologist was sure that the infections were sexually transmitted. When she denied about her husband, she accused me, saying that we were walking and therefore one of us has these infections. I am confident in the purity of myself and my husband. I was very embarrassed in front of my mother-in-law. Can ti ti infections perelavatsya in a different way? Is there a sexually transmitted infection there? How to find out exactly where the infection comes from?
Thank you

Responsible Palyga Igor Evgenievich:

Hello Karina! You calm down, there are no torch infections that could lead to freezing of the fetus! The presence of Ig G indicates contact with infections in the past, this is the body's immune memory, which does not need treatment. If you take any of us, there will be similar results. It's just that the leading doctor is completely ignorant of the information and is obviously not familiar with the Decree of the Ministry of Health on torch infections. Did you take a karyotype from the fetus after a miscarriage? Was he normal? I advise you to be examined for APS, this is the most likely cause of pregnancy failure in the second trimester.

2016-04-19 19:32:05

Marina asks:

Hello, please help me understand my ailments. I am 34 years old, weight 56 kg. 2 pregnancies, last 2 years ago. There were no abortions or miscarriages. From the age of 14-15, reduced thyroid function, against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis. I take L-thyroxine. I also have FKM, with crusts on the nipples, I don’t notice any discharge. Mom had breast cancer and died at 46. At the last ultrasound, the doctor did not find cysts (breastfed for up to 9 months), but found uterine hyperplasia and a polyp. Has made "cleansing" and has removed a polyp. He said that to prevent new hyperplasia, you need to put a mirena. The spiral was put in, but after a week of pain, and as it turned out, inflammation. He prescribed antibiotics for 10 days. I don't like contraceptives because of breast problems. And I plan to drink antibiotics and remove the spiral (the spiral was installed in April). Now the questions that are bothering me:
1. How to find out what caused the imbalance, what tests to take?
2. Are the hormones of the breast, uterus and thyroid interrelated? Can it still be fixed? (restore functions) and How can I help myself?
3. I plan to stop eating meat, limit dairy and sugar, drink vitamins B and magnesium and folic acid. Will this help lower estrogen? (I read that estrogen is elevated with my diagnosis)
4. Can it be that the cysts in the breast have disappeared and how often do ultrasound and mammography?
5. I need Mirena for treatment, after how many months can I remove it? Even if you leave Mirena, is it really necessary to walk with her before menopause in order to avoid hyperplasia?
6. Can hyperplasia appear after removal of mirena and how soon?
7. Can Mirena negatively affect the chest?
8. What kind of crusts appear on my nipples (prolactin is normal)?
9. Can a new pregnancy "take away" hyperplasia forever? And is it possible to cure hyperplasia forever?

Thank you very much in advance. It is very important for me

Responsible Bosyak Yulia Vasilievna:

Hello Marina! What was the thickness of the endometrium on ultrasound when hyperplasia was detected? Have you experienced heavy discharge during your period? Against the backdrop of Mirena, menstruation became scarce? Mirena is placed for a period of 5 years and is the best option for correcting hyperplasia. I personally do not believe in the effect of the pestilence uterus and other herbal preparations. It is clear that thyroid hormones are directly related to sex hormones, so you must be under the control of an endocrinologist, periodically take tests for thyroid hormones and, based on their results, the endocrinologist must adjust the dose of L-thyroxine. If the mother had a history of cancer, then you should undergo an ultrasound examination of the mammary glands once a year. After 40 years, mammography is preferable. If you still remove the spiral, then it will be rational for 2-3 days of m.c. take a blood test for FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol and on the 21st day of m.c. progesterone.

2015-04-08 17:43:08

Irina asks:

Good afternoon. tell me please, for 7 days I feel vibration in the uterus, it seems that the phone was placed on my stomach with vibration, what could it be? the second month I take utrozhestan from 5 to 16 days vaginally 100 × 2 per day. The first pregnancy was complicated, (Rh conflict) hypertonicity, the last months were false contractions, but the baby was born on time. but the last 2 cases were unsuccessful, miscarriages at 5-6 weeks. That's why I take utrogestan. menstruation came 3 days later, plus some kind of vibration. What can it be and when should I continue taking utrogestan? (as the doctor explained, in order to save the child from the first day of the delay, and how to find out if this is pregnancy or a violation of the cycle)

Responsible Bosyak Yulia Vasilievna:

Hello Irina! To exclude or confirm the fact of pregnancy, I advise you to donate blood for hCG. It is from this indicator that it is worth starting in the further strategy. As for me, with a Rh conflict, no matter how much you put utrozhestan, you still will not be immune from fading and can achieve the opposite effect - the formation of antibodies to progesterone.

2015-01-01 15:03:48

Olga asks:

Hello, before that I asked you - "I was pregnant by ultrasound for 2 weeks 1 day, they said there was a threat of miscarriage, she took the results to the doctor, she said if there is a possibility of a miscarriage, that it may not be a full-fledged child. She prescribed medication and said if you want drink, but her advice was not to take medicines, if the fetus is full-fledged, it will be preserved, if not, then a miscarriage will occur, is that so? And is it worth taking the medicines that she prescribed?" - you answered (Olga, good afternoon! Throughout the world, pregnancy up to 8 weeks is not recommended and does not persist. In addition, why did you have an ultrasound scan, what were the indications for this? congenital anomalies.Outside of planned ultrasound is performed if there are miscarriages in the past, missed pregnancies, there are complaints of pain, spotting ..... You can not take treatment if nothing bothers you, but taking into account the results of ultrasound - pass an an. blood to the level of progesterone, hCG. If everything is fine with the child, then the pregnancy will progress. Now you can take multivitamins, homeopathy - viburkol, exclude sexual life.) - the doctor sent me for an ultrasound scan, I could not understand where the pregnancy was going. I have no such complaints. Sometimes pulls the lower abdomen as during the menstrual cycle. Now I am interested in one question on the analysis of hCG, how many% can you find out that everything is in order with the child? And for what week it is desirable to do this analysis?

Answers:

Hello! A blood test for hCG can be done at any stage of pregnancy. Usually, the analysis is repeated at intervals of 10-14 days, in order to determine whether the pregnancy is developing normally by increasing the level of the hormone. As for the information content of this test, it is quite informative, but it does not guarantee 100% normal development of the child. At a later stage of pregnancy, it will be possible to undergo a screening examination with an assessment of the levels of biochemical markers of fetal chromosomal abnormalities (such an examination is performed for a period of 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days). Take care of your health!

2014-12-26 21:48:08

Alena asks:

How can you find out if you had a miscarriage or not?

Responsible Medical consultant of the portal "site":

Hello! In order to determine whether a miscarriage has occurred or not, a gynecological examination and ultrasound of the pelvic organs are performed. Take care of your health!

2014-09-25 13:30:26

Tatyana asks:

I am 31 years old. There was an abortion, miscarriage and then childbirth. Now my husband and I were treated for ureplasmosis with doxycycline for 10 days. After 5-6 days, ovulation and pregnancy occurred. Even at the time of conception, they took alcohol, a birthday. In the fifth week I got ARVI. Four days temperature 37.1, runny nose, sore throat. Another gynecologist diagnosed endocervicitis based on the results of a biopsy. Now pregnant 6 weeks. The doctor gave 3 days to decide whether to have an abortion or save. I want to know how the situation described above affected the fetus, further pregnancy, and what are the chances of giving birth to a healthy baby.

Responsible Palyga Igor Evgenievich:

Hello Tatiana! You don’t have anything critical, from everything described, only the transferred ARVI poses some danger. It's up to you, but I would advise you to leave this pregnancy. Be healthy!

2014-07-23 07:21:17

Mary asks:

Thanks for the answer. pregnancies were terminated at 6-8 weeks. I don’t take drugs for heart pathology ... and they didn’t prescribe them. On this occasion, the geneticist gave me a conclusion of 3% out of 100% that the child will have a heart pathology. thyroid gland and hormones are normal. for the heart I take anticoagulants (warfarin) for life at a dosage of 5 mg per day. during pregnancy I switched to direct-acting drugs (heparin and fraxiparin) how to find out the true cause of unsuccessful pregnancies?

Old question and answer
Hello, I have a painful question. I underwent two heart surgeries and, accordingly, with a blood transfusion. After that, there were two pregnancies and both were unsuccessful, the first one stopped at an interval of five years, another miscarriage. analyzes are as follows: HSV 1.2 lgG sharply positive = 1:1600, Cytomegalovirus lgG sharply positive CP = 15,000, Toxoplasma-lgG = 200.000 ME / ml. infection and can I infect with these viruses? I want to note that I have never observed any bubbles in the genital area, thighs and other parts of the body. herpes simplex, which rarely hurt on the lips. how to properly plan a pregnancy and whether it is necessary to constantly take drugs from these viruses. Thank you very much in advance for your answer!

old answer
LgG indicate contact with the infection in the past and are not subject to treatment at any values! I am generally not inclined to think that these torch infections were related to the fading of pregnancies. Moreover, it was in the interval of 5 years! Definitely no treatment is needed. The main thing is to be rationally examined before planning the next pregnancy. Are you currently taking any medications for heart disease? At what time were the pregnancies terminated? Have you had your thyroid function checked? Sex hormone levels? Genetic damage?

Responsible Bosyak Yulia Vasilievna:

I repeat that the reason, of course, is not torch infections. I would advise you to get tested for sex hormones, including free testosterone. After the onset of pregnancy, you need to monitor the level of progesterone and take a coagulogram. Fraxiparine must be injected. I would also connect a glucocorticoid at the stage of planning and carrying a pregnancy. You should be under the supervision of an experienced gynecologist from the very beginning of pregnancy.

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1. Genetic disorders in the fetus

According to statistics, about 73% of miscarriages occur for this reason. As a rule, these genetic defects are not hereditary in nature, but are the result of single mutations that occurred in the germ cells of the parents under the influence of harmful environmental factors (radiation, occupational hazards, viruses, etc.). Termination of pregnancy for this reason is a kind of natural selection - getting rid of weak, non-viable offspring.

It is almost impossible to prevent such a miscarriage, you can only reduce the risk of genetic abnormalities even before conception, by protecting yourself from the effects of mutagenic factors as much as possible. But with modern ecology, the probability of mutations still remains, because miscarriages that occur for this reason can be considered a boon, because they save a woman from many problems and troubles in the future.

2. Hormonal disorders

When the balance of hormones in a woman's body is disturbed, early pregnancy termination often occurs. Most often this happens with a lack of the main hormone of pregnancy - progesterone. With the timely detection of this problem, pregnancy can be saved with the help of progesterone preparations.

An excess of male sex hormones can also cause an early miscarriage - they suppress the production of estrogen and progesterone. Androgens are often the cause of recurrent (habitual) miscarriages. The adrenal and thyroid hormones also influence the formation and development of pregnancy. Therefore, dysfunction of these glands can also cause miscarriage.

3. Immunological causes

As a rule, this happens with an Rhesus conflict. The embryo inherits the Rh-positive father, while the mother's Rh-negative body rejects embryonic tissues that are foreign to it. To prevent miscarriage in case of immune conflict, progesterone preparations are used, which in this case have an immunomodulatory effect.

4. Sexually transmitted infections

Sexually transmitted infections: trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, chlamydia, as well as herpetic and cytomegalovirus infection often cause miscarriage.

Pathogenic bacteria and viruses cause infection of the fetus, damage to the membranes, resulting in a miscarriage. To prevent this from happening, it is advisable to treat infections before pregnancy.

5. Common infectious diseases and inflammatory diseases of the internal organs

All diseases accompanied by intoxication and an increase in body temperature above 38 ° C can lead to miscarriage. The leaders in this list are rubella, viral hepatitis, influenza. Even a banal sore throat can become fatal at 4-10 weeks of pregnancy. And pneumonia, pyelonephritis, appendicitis are a serious risk to the fetus. That is why, when planning a pregnancy, it is worth undergoing a complete medical examination, identifying and treating all foci of chronic infection.

6. History of abortion

Abortion is not just a medical manipulation: it is a huge stress for the female body, which can cause dysfunction of the ovaries, adrenal glands; contributing to the development of inflammatory processes in the genital organs. This can cause infertility and habitual miscarriages in the future.

7. Medicines and herbs

In the first trimester of pregnancy, it is advisable to avoid taking medications altogether. Many of them can cause abortion or cause the formation of developmental defects in the fetus. So, for example, narcotic analgesics or hormonal contraceptives often become the culprits of abortion. You also need to be careful with medicinal herbs: parsley, nettle, cornflower, St. John's wort, tansy - are contraindicated in early pregnancy.

8. Stress

Strong fright or unexpected grief, resentment or prolonged mental overstrain are dangerous for a small creature in your womb. If you, by the will of fate, are forced to be under the influence of stress, discuss with your doctor the possibility of taking sedatives, at least the same valerian.

9. Unhealthy lifestyle

Alcohol, drugs, smoking, excessive coffee consumption, improper and inadequate nutrition are all allies of a miscarriage. It is better to correct your lifestyle even before conception.

10. Falls, heavy lifting, sexual intercourse

Physical activity, heavy lifting, light falls, contrary to popular belief, by themselves rarely lead to miscarriage. They can be - and often are - a "trigger" of spontaneous abortion if any of the above problems are present. However, if the mother's body is healthy and the genetic program of the fetus is normal, then a fall or physical overload must be truly terrible in order to harm the fetus.

Signs of a miscarriage

If you notice the first signs of an impending miscarriage in time, you can usually save the pregnancy. Pain in the lower abdomen or in the lower back, especially cramping, spotting, bleeding - if any of these symptoms appear, immediately consult a doctor, call an ambulance. In such situations, every minute counts. Bleeding with pieces of tissue suggests that a miscarriage has already occurred.

Any expectant mother may face the threat of miscarriage, especially in the initial period of bearing a child, which lasts up to twelve weeks. The use of timely, well-chosen treatment, as well as compliance with the recommendations and advice of the attending physician, allow pregnancy to end with the birth of a healthy baby.

A miscarriage in medical terminology refers to a spontaneous, spontaneous termination of pregnancy, in which there is no medical intervention, and the woman's body for some reason cannot cope with the task of bearing the fetus.

Most often, the fact that the likelihood of a miscarriage increases is indicated by symptoms and certain indicators.

Classification of miscarriages

There are several types of spontaneous abortion. Depending on the period of pregnancy during which it was interrupted, miscarriages are:

Early, which occur no later than twelve weeks from the moment of conception. This includes spontaneous interruption of a biochemical pregnancy - when a fertilized egg, for some reason, could not attach itself to the uterus and left it. Menstruation at the same time comes on time or a little later than the deadline. The only sign of such a pregnancy is a test showing a weakly positive result.
Late, occurring before the 22nd week of pregnancy.

The stages of miscarriage, depending on the clinical picture, may be as follows:

Threat of interruption;
Started miscarriage;
Spontaneous abortion in progress;
Incomplete miscarriage (at this stage, surgical intervention is required - curettage of the uterus);
Complete miscarriage.

Symptoms of threatened miscarriage

It is very important to know what symptoms indicate that a pregnant woman has a risk of miscarriage. They are quite few and many of them are characteristic of other pathologies that may appear in a woman's body:

The occurrence of pain.

They are one of the most important indicators that there are problems in the body of the expectant mother. Pain in this pathology can be of a different nature and be localized in the lower abdomen, give to the lower back and sacrum. They can be permanent or occur intermittently.

Usually the pain does not stop for several days and progresses in strength and time. A woman feels a pulling, cramping or sharp pain. When receiving any injuries, the pain can begin very abruptly and be accompanied by bloody discharge;

The appearance of secretions.

The appearance of secretions is due to the fact that the separation of the fetal egg from the endometrium of the uterus gradually occurs, which leads to damage to the vessels of the circulatory system. Allocations with a threat of miscarriage can change and be one of its first manifestations. If at this stage no measures are taken to preserve the pregnancy, then the discharge becomes more abundant, their color changes from dark red, which is characteristic of a miscarriage that has begun, to bright scarlet, which is a sign of an abortion in progress.

As for the second and third trimesters, bloody discharge is a sign of the onset of placental abruption. As a result of this process, the child is deprived of the necessary amount of oxygen and nutrients, and if it is completely discharged, the child dies.

These are the main symptoms. In addition to them, there may be a decrease in basal temperature and the level of chorionic gonadotropin, which has its own norms for each period of pregnancy.

At the first manifestations of such symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor or an ambulance service.

Causes of threatened miscarriage

The causes of miscarriage differ in their diversity. They may depend on the condition of the pregnant woman herself, the fetus, or on external factors. The list of the most common ones includes the following:

A small content in the body of the hormone progesterone, which is necessary for the successful continuation of pregnancy;
The content in the body of an excess amount of androgens, which strongly suppress female hormones;
Non-acceptance by the body of a woman of the fetus due to genetic incompatibility with the father of the child;
Various Rh factors, in which the woman is the owner of the negative, and the father is positive. As a result, the occurrence of Rhesus conflict;
Increased blood clotting;
Abnormal structure of the internal genital organs, in particular, defects in the development of the uterus, its non-standard shape. All these pathologies do not allow the fetal egg to attach;
The presence of malformations and genetic mutations in the fetus, leading to the fact that a miscarriage occurs;
All kinds of infectious diseases, which include rubella, chlamydia, syphilis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia and many others;
Presence of gynecological diseases in a pregnant woman;
The presence of damage in the endometrium, which appeared due to previous abortions and miscarriages with curettage;
Diseases of the endocrine system, including diabetes mellitus;
The use by a woman of medications that have contraindications for bearing a child;
Excessive use of certain herbs (nettle, parsley, tansy);
Pathology of the cervix or placenta;
The negative general and emotional state of the pregnant woman, in which she experiences constant stress, anxiety, resentment;
Overstrain at work and late maternity leave;
The use of harmful substances - tobacco, alcohol, drugs;
Strong physical exertion, falls, bumps;
The aging of the egg, which can manifest itself in women over the age of 35.

Diagnostics

In order to diagnose the threat of miscarriage in a woman, the doctor must first perform a gynecological examination, which will determine the condition of the cervix and its tone. After that, the pregnant woman is sent for an ultrasound scan, which will allow the doctor to have a clear idea of the state of the placenta, fetus, and structural features of the uterus.

One of the examination methods is a laboratory, in which a complete blood test is performed, which allows you to determine the amount of progesterone and male sex hormones, as well as thyroid hormones. Be sure to conduct tests for all kinds of infectious diseases, and, of course, for the presence of antibodies to hCG.

Treatment

Carrying out any type of treatment is determined by the reasons that caused the threat of miscarriage and the general condition of the pregnant woman. If the situation is serious enough, doctors will recommend that she stay in the hospital. In case of a not too dangerous situation, you can be treated at home.

Preservation of pregnancy depends on the period when treatment was started. Its whole essence lies in the complex application of various modern methods:

Basic therapy, which implies the observance of the correct daily regimen, diet, restriction of physical activity and the exclusion of all kinds of stresses and experiences;
Non-drug treatment, which consists of various physiotherapy procedures that have a beneficial effect on the condition of a woman.
Medical treatment. All drugs can be taken only after consulting with your doctor. With the threat of miscarriage apply:

sedatives to calm the nervous system of a woman;
antispasmodics that help relax the muscles of the uterus;
hormonal drugs, among which progesterone is released, which allows pregnancy to develop normally;
hemostatic drugs that serve to stop bleeding, strengthen the vascular wall, normalize microcirculation, increase blood clotting;
vitamins that contribute to the full development of the fetus.

In order to stop the signs of a threatened miscarriage as soon as possible, the following recommendations must be observed:

Do not drink carbonated drinks, strong coffee and tea, chocolate, fast food, non-thermally processed foods;
Temporarily stop intimate life;
Do not follow a diet for weight loss, eat well and fully;
It is forbidden to visit baths, saunas, as well as taking a hot bath;
Eliminate physical activity, stress;
It is not recommended to travel, especially air travel;
Do not use alcohol and tobacco products.

Forecasts

When diagnosing the threat of miscarriage in the early stages in the future, this will not affect the bearing of subsequent pregnancies, since there is a minimum percentage of the likelihood of a recurrence of this situation.

The situation is more serious when the threat of miscarriage is observed after 20 weeks. In this case, there is a high probability of losing a child. The consequences of such a miscarriage are often the following complications:

Infection of the uterus;
Abscess in the pelvic cavity;
septic shock;
Fatal outcome (extremely rare).
Depression, feeling of constant guilt due to the loss of a child.

Prevention of the threat of miscarriage

Since there are a large number of causes that cause this pathology, the prevention of the threat of miscarriage seems to be a difficult task. However, it is necessary to follow the basic rules that will help to avoid all sorts of unpleasant consequences:

It is necessary to prepare for pregnancy in advance, having previously passed the examination to both future parents. At the same time, tests are given for genetic compatibility, the likelihood of a Rh conflict, all kinds of diseases that can further adversely affect the course of pregnancy;
If any diseases are detected, they must be treated before pregnancy;
An important factor is the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle, the rejection of bad habits.

Those women whose first pregnancy occurs over the age of 30-35 need to take special care of themselves, undergo periodic examinations in the antenatal clinic.

Pregnancy is one of the most beautiful periods in the life of every woman. Future mothers are especially beautiful, and their eyes radiate so much happiness and warmth that one could warm the whole world. Unfortunately, not every pregnancy proceeds normally and ends with the birth of a healthy baby. Sometimes it happens that the pregnancy is unexpectedly terminated, and the dreams of a failed mother are not destined to come true. Why is this happening? Let's try to understand in more detail.

What is a miscarriage and what types does it occur?

In order to understand how a miscarriage occurs, you must first know what it is.

4. The cause of recurring miscarriages can also be the so-called polycystic ovary syndrome. One recent British study showed that 44 to 56% of patients who had multiple miscarriages in a row had polycystic ovary syndrome, characterized by irregular or no menstrual cycles. Most often, this syndrome is observed in overweight women.

5. Rhesus incompatibility (hemolytic disease), which occurs when the mother has a positive Rh factor, and the father is negative.

6. Disorders of the immune system are the cause of 5-10% of miscarriages. This is due to the fact that the immune system of a pregnant woman, programmed to fight bacteria and viruses, fails and attacks healthy body cells. One of the most well-known disorders of the immune system is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. It appears when the body mistakenly believes that phospholipids are foreign elements. As a result, antibodies are produced that cause blood clots in the placental vessels, interrupting the flow of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus.

7. Other reasons: features of the anatomical structure of the uterus, viral and bacterial infections, anti-drug and anti-stress medications, exposure to harmful substances.

What symptoms indicate a miscarriage?

Every woman worries about how a miscarriage occurs. Symptoms that indicate an impending or ongoing miscarriage are of great importance for timely medical intervention and the prevention of spontaneous abortion. The most common symptoms include the following:

Sudden weight loss;

The disappearance of such signs of pregnancy as nausea, swelling of the breasts, drowsiness;

False contractions, called Braxton-Hicks contractions;

Real contractions (painful, with a frequency of 5-10 minutes);

The appearance of blood spots;

Light, painless bleeding (although this is not always a symptom of a miscarriage);

Severe bleeding with or without clots, accompanied by cramps and severe pain in the abdomen or lower back;

Vaginal discharge that is not accompanied by pain or bleeding.

A molar pregnancy, a damaged egg, or an ectopic pregnancy will eventually lead to a miscarriage. The symptoms are similar, except that in the case of a molar pregnancy, the size of the uterus may be larger than usual, and the level of hCG (pregnancy hormone) is increased.

Signs and features of a miscarriage in the early stages

In the first weeks of pregnancy, only after learning about their interesting situation, women become very sensitive, and it is not surprising that they are visited by a variety of thoughts related to their well-being and the health of their future babies. The slightest changes occurring in the body make them worry. They see everything as signs of an early miscarriage. Therefore, it is very important to have information. How to understand that a miscarriage has occurred? Does it really make sense and reason to worry? Are these feelings justified? How does a spontaneous miscarriage happen? It is impossible to answer these questions unambiguously. Each case, like each organism, is absolutely individual, and they should be considered separately.

It is almost impossible to identify the causes of most miscarriages in the early stages (more than 60%). It is assumed that these are genetic causes. When an embryo is formed, half of its genes are taken from the sperm, the other half from the egg. Sometimes, without any apparent motive, something goes wrong and the pregnancy is terminated. A miscarriage can occur two to three weeks after the death of the fetus. Obstetricians-gynecologists call the following main causes of miscarriage at the initial stage of pregnancy:

The embryo does not implant in the uterus as it should;

Hormonal problems;

Chromosomal abnormalities;

Diseases of the uterus or cervix;

Various intrauterine infections;

Viral infections, such as the flu;

Strong blows to the stomach of a pregnant woman;

Multiple pregnancy;

Miscarriages that have taken place in the past.

Signs of an early miscarriage:

Strong convulsions.

Bleeding.

Blood clots.

At what stage of pregnancy can a miscarriage occur?

Most often, a miscarriage occurs at the earliest possible time (2-3 weeks). In most cases, a woman does not even suspect that something similar has happened to her. Early spontaneous miscarriages are often confused with normal menstruation. This is due to the fact that the main manifestations of a miscarriage at the beginning of pregnancy are identical to normal menstruation: vaginal bleeding and pain in the lower abdomen. This is the answer to the question of how a miscarriage occurs.

Less common are miscarriages in later pregnancy (before the 20th week). Spontaneous abortion that occurs after the 20th week is called stillbirth.

How does a miscarriage happen?

Due to lack of awareness, many women sometimes do not even suspect that something terrible has happened to them - the loss of a child. They have no idea how quickly a miscarriage occurs and what follows after that. In order to be fully equipped, you need to remember the following:

1. Spontaneous abortion, fetal death and rejection by the body usually do not occur at one moment, but last for several hours or even days. The process proceeds in several stages: the threat of miscarriage, imminent (started) miscarriage, incomplete abortion and, finally, complete abortion.

2. The threat of miscarriage is characterized by the onset of placental abruption and the appearance of the first signs of a miscarriage (pain in the lower abdomen and slight bloody discharge from the vagina). At this stage, the uterus is closed, and the pregnancy can still be saved.

3. An imminent (beginning) abortion is characterized by placental abruption and, accordingly, further fetal death. An imminent abortion cannot be stopped.

4. With an incomplete abortion, the placenta exfoliates, the fetus dies, and the process of its rejection by the body begins.

5. During a complete abortion, the fetus and place are eliminated from the uterus, as well as from the female genital tract.

Is it possible to independently determine that a miscarriage has taken place?

Becoming registered with a antenatal clinic, women and even their husbands often ask doctors how to find out that a miscarriage has occurred. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to determine this on your own. If there is a suspicion that a miscarriage has occurred, you should immediately consult a doctor or call an ambulance. Only after a medical examination of a woman can one say with complete certainty whether a miscarriage has occurred or not. In order to determine this, the doctor will refer the patient to an ultrasound.

In addition, an analysis that will determine the level of hCG in the blood can tell about a miscarriage that has occurred. HCG is a hormone produced by the body exclusively during pregnancy. It can be detected in the blood one week after ovulation, when a fertilized egg is implanted in the uterus. In the first three weeks of pregnancy, the hCG level should double every 2-3 days. When this level remains unchanged, a spontaneous miscarriage may have occurred.

Doctors also resort to measuring the heart rate (HR) of the fetus. To do this, they use a special device that allows them to listen to the heart rhythms of the fetus in the mother's abdomen from 7-12 weeks of pregnancy. If the heartbeat of the fetus is heard, then there can be no talk of a miscarriage. Remember that if you do a regular pregnancy test, it can show its presence even after interruption. Therefore, you should not waste precious time and wonder how to determine that a miscarriage has occurred. At the slightest sign, go straight to your gynecologist.

How can you induce a miscarriage?

Not every pregnant woman is delighted with the fact that she will soon become a mother. Each has its own reasons. Some pregnant women seek medical help and terminate the pregnancy in the hospital, while others prefer to go on their own and learn all the possible ways to have a miscarriage on their own. Since ancient times, various herbs have been used for this, such as tansy. It was boiled and taken orally, which almost 100% guaranteed rejection of the fetus.

There are many such cases when women, in order to get rid of an unwanted child, took and continue to take hot baths to this day. Some try to bring the body to exhaustion with heavy physical exertion. Young girls even manage to drink milk to which iodine is added. More "advanced" young ladies do not risk experiencing folk methods. They prefer more modern means, such as hormonal pills.

Only a few think about the consequences of such methods and experiments. As a result, rash actions can lead to very disastrous results. Any attempt to have a miscarriage at home threatens the health and even the life of a pregnant woman. Not a single folk remedy that can provoke an abortion guarantees that bleeding will not begin and any infection will not be introduced.

The safest way to get rid of an unwanted pregnancy on your own is the so-called medical abortion. A prerequisite is the minimum time from conception (up to two weeks from the delay in menstruation). In this case, most likely, the miscarriage will occur quickly and painlessly, and the uterus will be completely cleaned. In addition, complications are practically excluded. However, it should be noted that drugs that are used for medical abortion are not sold in pharmacies. Only doctors who have a special license are entitled to prescribe such drugs to their patients. In addition, the cost of such drugs is quite high and not every girl can afford it.

Instead of thinking about how to have a miscarriage and get rid of the fetus, maybe you should imagine what the future baby will look like and how much joy and happiness it will bring to the house? The decision is up to each parent. Responsibility for all actions lies entirely on their shoulders.

What to do after a miscarriage occurs?

What happens after a miscarriage is familiar to many. Some women who have had an abortion do well. However, others (in 4-10% of cases) show a number of complications. A period of treatment and rehabilitation follows, which lasts up to several weeks. In the first week after a spontaneous miscarriage, a woman may experience abdominal pain. In addition, bleeding may occur. In the first two weeks after an abortion, you must refrain from sex. Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms such as:

heavy bleeding;

Severe pain in the lower abdomen;

High fever and convulsions;

Cardiopalmus;

Nausea and vomiting.

Immediately after a spontaneous miscarriage, it is necessary to identify the reason why this happened. To date, there are a huge number of specialized medical centers, turning to which a woman will receive qualified recommendations on what needs to be done.

Experts recommend planning the next pregnancy only two months after the miscarriage. In order not to become pregnant before this time, it is necessary to use reliable contraceptives. According to statistics, if a woman becomes pregnant immediately after a miscarriage, the likelihood of a recurrence of the situation increases several times. However, if pregnancy does occur, you should not panic. Under the close and constant supervision of doctors, the outcome can be positive.

Is it possible to protect yourself from spontaneous miscarriage?

In order to minimize the risk of spontaneous miscarriage, it is recommended:

A woman who has just learned about her interesting position needs to:

Do not postpone for later, but go to the doctor as soon as possible, get tested and register for pregnancy.
Give up all bad habits (smoking, alcohol and drugs) and reduce the amount of coffee and strong tea consumed.
Reduce physical activity and avoid sports that can lead to injury.