What diseases can be after a miscarriage. Spontaneous miscarriage early, causes, symptoms, treatment

If a woman has a miscarriage, it is important to take competent measures to restore health. This will help to cope with the pathology morally and prepare the ground for a new pregnancy. Medical statistics state that 15-20% of pregnancies end in spontaneous termination for various reasons. The symptoms of what happened rarely go unnoticed.

This makes it possible for a woman to diagnose what happened in time, contact a gynecologist, undergo adequate treatment and plan the birth of a child for the future. Spontaneous abortion experts classify into three categories:

1. Termination of biochemical pregnancy- the embryo leaves the uterine cavity in the first - third week after conception. A woman during this period most often does not suspect that she is carrying a child. Pregnancy becomes known only when testing for the content of hCG in the urine and blood, which is why it is called "biochemical". The failed mother perceives the blood that has left the body as menstruation, which for unknown reasons began outside the scheduled time. Units who carefully monitor their own health go to the doctor.
2. Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage in early pregnancy - up to 22 weeks, when the weight of the embryo does not reach 0.4 kg.
3. preterm birth when the pregnancy ended at 22-37 weeks. If medical assistance is provided on time, efforts are made to ensure the life of the child, the baby in most cases can be saved. In medicine, an early born is called premature.

After the birth of the child, they are connected to life-supporting equipment, which helps him adapt to new conditions.

What is a miscarriage - an overview of options

A miscarriage that occurs is complete when all parts of the embryo come out of the uterine cavity along with the membranes and amniotic fluid. In the event that parts of the fetus remain in the uterus, they speak of an incomplete miscarriage, which occurs more often in the early stages of pregnancy. To neutralize the negative consequences, to prevent the development of an infectious process in the tissues, the product of conception is evacuated from the uterine cavity by the methods of medical interruption, gynecological curettage, and vacuum aspiration. Therapy may include the use of drugs aimed at contracting the uterus and pushing the contents out. Ultrasound examination is considered to be the control method of diagnostics. Negative consequences entail a miscarriage during the first pregnancy. After the event, conception is possible after a thorough examination and treatment.

The most dangerous for spontaneous miscarriage is the first month of pregnancy. Doctors distinguish the so-called critical periods of development, in which the embryo (fetus) is especially exposed to harmful factors:

• 2-3 weeks from conception;
• 8-12 weeks;
• 18-22 weeks;
• 28-32 weeks.

During this period, most of the accidents associated with the loss of a child occur. Therefore, the expectant mother should be extra careful.

Why does the body reject the embryo

When a new life is born in a woman's body, the causes of miscarriage often lie in the presence of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. Therefore, it is highly undesirable to correct the pathological condition before 12 weeks. Among the factors provoking rejection of embryos are:

• hereditary factor and genetic failure at the stage of fertilization of the egg by the sperm. A non-viable fetus appears as a result of the action of various risk factors - the environmental situation, occupational hazards, and a viral disease of the parents. It is impossible to neutralize these factors. The only way out of the situation is to reduce the likelihood of their manifestation by protecting the mother from dangers during the gestation period. If a defect incompatible with life develops in the child's body, the embryo does not undergo natural selection. The body performs a spontaneous abortion, getting rid of a non-viable fetus;
• Hormonal imbalance caused by disruption of the endocrine system. The situation can be affected by an insufficient amount of progesterone in the mother's body or an excess of testosterone. With early detection of a failure of the hormonal system, a woman undergoes specially organized therapy before pregnancy, which eliminates the possibility of a miscarriage;
• The presence of tumors, neoplasms in the pelvic organs;
• Isthmic-cervical insufficiency(ICN), when the isthmus and cervix open prematurely, unable to cope with the increasing pressure caused by the fetus growing in the body;
• There is a risk of miscarriage in the presence of anomalies in the work of the cardiovascular, renal systems;
• Drug addiction, alcohol addiction, substance abuse of mother and father;
• Depressive states, stress, nervous stress of a pregnant woman;
• Mechanical loads, impacts, bruises, excessive physical labor of the future woman in labor;
• X-ray examination- Irradiation can cause miscarriage.
• The use of medicines. In the first trimester, the use of potent medicinal formulas is prohibited. Drugs can cause the development of defects in the embryo. Some decoctions of herbs are also contraindicated. These are parsley, tansy, cornflower, nettle, St. John's wort. Self-medication is prohibited. Each drug is agreed with the attending physician.
• Infectious and viral process in the body of a pregnant woman. Any sexually transmitted infection can provoke a miscarriage, which must be treated before pregnancy, otherwise there is a high risk of infection of the fetus in the womb. A great threat of miscarriage in the early stages exists due to viral infections and inflammation of the internal organs. A dangerous symptom is the high temperature of the mother, accompanied by intoxication of the body. At the stage of pregnancy planning, it is important to stop chronic diseases, to vaccinate against dangerous infections.
• History of abortion, unsuccessfully performed surgery, unprofessionalism of the doctor and unfortunate circumstances can lead to fetal loss.
• Immunological factors.

The list of causes of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy and in the later period may be more extensive; in each case, doctors identify the pathology individually. The expectant mother is not able to prevent the impact of all harmful factors, however, much is in her power.

A little about a frozen pregnancy

Having studied what are the symptoms of a miscarriage, recovery time and treatment methods, one cannot ignore the issue of a missed pregnancy. The condition is characterized by the death of an embryo in the womb, often occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy. Among the reasons, similar factors were noted - maternal infections, genetic failure, hormonal imbalance, bad habits, potent drugs, stress.

If, with a spontaneous miscarriage, the clinic is expressed by severe pain and blood loss, then a frozen pregnancy is often asymptomatic. There are no pulling and throbbing sensations of pain, no contraction-like urges, no blood is released from the vagina. The uterus may not reject the dead embryo, leaving it inside itself. At the initial stage of pregnancy, the condition is difficult to detect; in the second and third trimester, the mother is alarmed by the prolonged absence of movements in the abdomen. The next visit to the doctor reveals a mismatch in terms of the size of the uterus, the absence of a heartbeat in the mother's womb. Ultrasound makes an accurate diagnosis.

If the fetus is dead, and tissue rejection does not occur, curettage or extraction of the deceased embryo with a vacuum is prescribed. If this is not done, there is a high probability of poisoning by toxic decay products that have entered the bloodstream from the uterus. A thorough examination will help to establish the causes of the anomaly, prescribe effective therapy.

Both spouses should be tested. On the basis of the seized material, a histology of the tissues of the embryo is carried out. Diagnostics of diseases is carried out, adequate treatment of the root causes of fetal loss is prescribed. Comprehensive diagnostics includes microbiological, ultrasound, hormonal, immunological examination.

The existing threat of miscarriage during pregnancy is a reason to carry out therapy in a specialized medical institution if it is established that the pregnancy is progressing. The hospital will provide a calm regime, timely administration of drugs. Hospitalization of a woman with recurrent miscarriage is an adequate response to the risk of fetal loss.

Isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI)

One of the most common causes of spontaneous miscarriage during pregnancy is ICI - the opening of the cervix and isthmus of the uterus in response to the increasing pressure of the growing fetus. Pre-pregnancy manipulations with the uterus (cervical dilation due to abortion, childbirth or curettage) affect the condition of the muscle ring. Damaged areas are tightened by scar tissue that does not have elasticity, is not amenable to stretching and contraction. ICI also has a functional nature, when there is a hormonal imbalance - the level of testosterone in the blood rises, there is a lack of progesterone.

ICI occurs in the period from 11 to 27 weeks after conception, when the embryo begins to produce androgens in the mother's body with the launch of the adrenal glands. Taking into account the mother's hormones, their indicator may be exceeded - this softens the cervix, opens it, shortens it. Harmful bacteria and microorganisms penetrate into the formed channel, infecting the fetal egg. The initial stages of ICI do not have obvious symptoms, since they do not entail the tone of the uterine muscles. With the loss of strength of the membranes, amniotic fluid pours out. Pain during miscarriage is absent.

If a woman has experienced a spontaneous termination of pregnancy, which began with the outflow of amniotic fluid, when monitoring a subsequent pregnancy, she should indicate this fact to the doctor.

Treatment of isthmic-cervical insufficiency

Endocrine disorders that lead to an increase in testosterone are corrected by the appointment of hormonal drugs. An assessment of the condition of the uterus is done by a doctor a couple of weeks after the start of taking medications. Positive dynamics is said when the opening is suspended and no further expansion of the neck is observed. If therapy does not give the planned effect, surgical intervention is prescribed. Similar measures are used for the traumatic nature of cervical deformity. You should not be afraid of the operation, the doctor acts delicately, without causing additional injuries to the patient, without causing discomfort to the expectant mother and the baby growing in the womb. Greater efficiency of the procedure is noted in the early stages. Suturing can significantly reduce the risk of infection of the embryo through the lower edge of the cavity.

Surgical intervention is carried out in stationary conditions. Before the operation, the pregnant woman is examined. After the procedure, the vagina is sanitized, for which the area of ​​suturing is treated with antiseptics for 3 days. For this purpose, chlorhexidine and furacillin are used. Then every week the patient needs to undergo a follow-up examination by the attending physician, where he assesses the situation, making adjustments to the therapeutic protocol if necessary. The stitches are removed at 38 weeks of gestation. During this time, the cervix matures, preparing the birth canal for the passage of the fetus. Many women in labor worry that stitches will require a caesarean section. This is not true. In most cases, women give birth on their own.

Emergency action is recommended if the fetal bladder prolapses into the cervix from 16 to 24 weeks. The operation of suturing the cervix obliges the woman to observe bed rest, strictly follow the daily routine, avoid physical exertion, and do not skip taking medications. In rare cases, complications occur after suturing. Among them, the cutting of sutures through the tissues, provoked by the frequent tension of the muscles of the uterus. To prevent tone, tocolytics are prescribed. The expectant mother should be prepared to conduct intensive examinations, taking smears to check the vagina. This is due to the likelihood of accumulation of pathological microflora on the threads of the seams.

It is also important to conduct psychological therapy, where a woman is taught the techniques of self-soothing, relaxation. The behavior of the mother is a decisive factor in the successful bearing of the fetus with complications. Panic and fuss create an unfavorable prognosis in stabilizing the situation. Careful health monitoring is carried out in a newborn baby to eliminate the risk of infection in the womb. If a spontaneous abortion has occurred for reasons of ICI, when can you get pregnant after a miscarriage, the doctor will say. Ideally, the period should be at least two years. The doctor must take measures to prevent a repeated situation of losing a child.

Now, in addition to the suture, ICI correction is also carried out with the help of an obstetric pessary. An alternative method is the imposition of a special ring of hypoallergenic materials on the cervix. Silicone is the most commonly used. The ring creates additional support, preventing the opening of the neck.

Uterine hypertonicity - risk prevention

Contractions of the uterus until the moment of natural childbirth are called organ hypertonicity. The condition is not an independent disease, it signals a malfunction in the body of the expectant mother, often manifests itself in the early stages of pregnancy. The causes of the pathological phenomenon are:

• Hormonal disorders caused by insufficient function of the placenta, ovaries, impaired activity of the adrenal glands, causing imbalance.
• Genital infantilism, defects of the body;
• Neoplasms, tumors in the uterus, not necessarily of a malignant nature (myoma);
• Transferred during pregnancy infectious processes, viral diseases;
• ICI - cervical dilatation under increasing pressure created by the growing embryo;
• Immunological trouble;
• Chronic diseases of the body(cardiovascular disorders, renal failure);
• Previous spontaneous miscarriages at an early stage, the symptoms of which may recur, artificially induced abortions.

In addition to physiological reasons, psychological factors are of no small importance. A woman who is in a depressed state can provoke uterine hypertonicity.

A woman can feel the tension of the muscles of the uterus herself, without the help of a specialist. This is evidenced by the heaviness that appeared in the lower abdomen, pulling pains in the lumbar region. Symptoms are similar to painful menstruation. Arising in the first trimester, the condition provokes spontaneous abortion, missed pregnancy, death of the fetal egg. In the subsequent period, premature birth is likely due to uterine hypertonicity.

Why does the tension of the walls of the uterus cause terrible consequences? The point is the disturbed blood supply to the placental tissues, the occurrence of hypoxia of the embryo, and the slowing down of the development of the developing child. Following the contraction of the muscles of the uterus, there is no contraction of the placenta. This causes its detachment, provoking the release of the fetal bladder.

Uterine hypertonicity is detected during a scheduled visit to a specialist. Stabilization of the situation requires the appointment of sedative drugs and antispasmodics. A strengthening effect is provided by therapy with the inclusion of vitamin B6, magnesium. In most cases, the measures taken are sufficient to neutralize the risks. Self-medication is strictly prohibited. This can cause irreversible consequences. With hypertension, the main rule for a pregnant woman is calmness and lack of physical activity. Some moms who have had a successful birth say they “didn't get up” the whole pregnancy. This is true, but the result is worth the sacrifices spent on it. With hypertonicity, sexual contacts and sexual life are excluded.

If the threat cannot be neutralized, hospitalization of the pregnant woman in a hospital setting is recommended. It is especially dangerous when severe cramping pain is complemented by spotting. To lie down "for preservation" is an adequate measure in the struggle for the birth of a healthy and strong baby. In the hospital walls, a pregnant woman is prescribed a vaginal examination, ultrasound. On the computer monitor, when scanning the fetal bladder and uterus, the doctor determines their condition with a high degree of accuracy. If necessary, the expectant mother is sent to assess the level of hormones, take urine and blood tests, and be examined for STIs.

At the onset of labor activity before 34 weeks, they try to stabilize the condition with tocolytics. The most dangerous period is from 25 to 28 weeks, the woman is recommended the maximum possible bed rest. After that, the fetus has every chance of survival. In order to quickly form the pulmonary system of the embryo, allowing it to survive with an early birth, hormones are prescribed. Having an unfavorable prognosis for miscarriage and the threat of miscarriage, it is necessary to prevent this situation at the stage of conception planning.

Stages of spontaneous abortion

There are certain signs of a miscarriage that attract attention and divide the course of a miscarriage into specific stages:

• Threat - having noticed factors threatening pregnancy, measures can be taken to restore the situation, normalize the mother's well-being.
• The beginning of an abortion - adequate therapy can work wonders. At this stage, the doctor can apply life-saving manipulations and give recommendations to a pregnant woman who plans to become a mother.
• A miscarriage is in progress - the condition is irreversible, it is impossible to stop the pathology. The death of the fetal egg begins, leaving the uterine cavity.
• completed abortion- the uterus gets rid of the residual tissues of the embryo, cleanses, restores its original parameters. It is important to prevent the remnants of foreign fibers inside, otherwise the organ becomes infected with decaying residues, toxins go into the bloodstream.

An effective diagnostic method is an ultrasound examination of the uterus and pelvic organs.

Miscarriage symptoms - how not to miss the threat

If there is a threat of miscarriage in the early stages, then the following symptoms may occur:

• Pullers appear, incessant pain in the lower abdomen. The pain may be monotonous or come in waves.
• Opens sluggish bleeding, the signs of which are reduced to smearing brownish discharge. Bright scarlet blood can stand out, it is often confused with menstruation.
• Tone of the uterus.

A woman who does not know how a miscarriage occurs in the early stages should listen to her inner state. Should be alert:

• spasmodic pain impulses;
• drawing pain in the lumbar region.

In the later stages, the above symptoms are added:

• liquid discharge from the vagina, which may signal damage to the amniotic sac;
• pain when urinating;
• internal bleeding, which is prevented by a deterioration in the general condition, fainting, dizziness, pallor of the skin
• These conditions are indications for emergency hospitalization of a pregnant woman.

The stage of the onset of an abortion is characterized by more pronounced symptoms of a miscarriage - contraction-like pain, severe dizziness, and loss of strength. Instead of smearing discharges, clot-like ones appear, abundantly manifested during movement. At this point, in some cases, it is possible to save the pregnancy if the area of ​​detachment of the fetal egg is small, the pregnancy progresses, the fetal heartbeat is determined.

The third stage is useless for saving the fetus. There is girdle pain in the lower back and abdomen. Together with abundant blood loss, a fetal egg comes out of the uterus. Incomplete miscarriage requires curettage of the uterine cavity if parts of the embryo or membranes of the fetal egg remain in the cavity, otherwise there is a high risk of complications that will threaten the life of the mother.

In an early miscarriage, the symptoms are similar in many respects to a late abortion - pain and bleeding. The intensity and duration of symptoms may vary. The fetal egg going through the birth canal damages the small vascular network, injuring the tissues. This causes bleeding. Normally, the blood will stop being released after a spontaneous miscarriage after a few days. A period exceeding these indicators confirms the infection of the uterus, the preservation of the remains of the embryo in the cavity. Therapy is based on drug treatment, surgical intervention.

After a spontaneous miscarriage, complications and serious health consequences are likely. These are rare cases, in the majority of situations the body independently copes with what happened, expels the parts remaining in the uterine cavity by natural contraction of the muscles. An early spontaneous miscarriage does not always occur; a dangerous condition can wait in the later stages. Some women try to provoke the release of the fetus, decoctions of herbs and medications. This is fraught with complications, including sepsis, dysfunction of the reproductive organs, after which pregnancy in the subsequent period becomes impossible.

Diagnostic methods

If there is a threat of miscarriage at an early stage, the doctor will help determine the symptoms when visiting the antenatal clinic. The specialist will check the size of the uterus, determine the tone of its muscles, the condition of the cervix, and examine the discharge from the genital organs. A reliable method to identify the existing threat is transvaginal ultrasound diagnostics. The doctor draws attention to segmental muscle contractions of the uterus, detachment of the fetal egg. Genetic testing will help analyze the likely causes of miscarriage. The patient's history is carefully collected, clinical signs of spontaneous abortions are noted

Medical therapy

In order to maintain pregnancy, any methods are good. A qualified doctor develops an individual treatment protocol based on the available diagnostic data. Among the drugs used:

• sedatives;
• restorative therapy;
• drugs that stabilize the hormonal background;
• antispasmodics that reduce the tone of the uterus;
• vitamin and mineral supplements.

The specialist eliminates the threat of miscarriage in the early stages, tells how to prevent a woman who has lost a child from relapse. In the later stages, the cervix is ​​fixed with a special suturing (usually in the period of 16-25 weeks, if there is an ICI).

With an unsuccessful attempt to stop a spontaneous abortion, the following treatment tactics are used:

• Waiting - an organism that has independently freed itself from an embryo does not require specialized treatment.
• Medical therapy- the patient is prescribed medications that complete the removal of foreign tissues from the body. By causing severe spasms of the muscular walls of the uterus, the tablets provoke the expulsion of residues from the cavity.
• Surgery - is used for complications or inconvenient for the independent exit of the fetus, the bend of the uterus.

The control conclusion is made by the doctor after the ultrasound.

Surgery (curettage)

Having diagnosed the symptoms of a miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy, and faced with the need for curettage, a woman worries about the state of the reproductive system. It is not worth doing this, the operation takes place in a gentle mode, with maximum delicacy in relation to the patient's childbearing ability. Curettage is performed when there is a risk of incomplete exit of the embryo from the uterine cavity and the development of infection in the pelvic organs due to the elements remaining in it. Ignoring the procedure can lead to blood poisoning and the formation of a pathology that prevents re-conception.

The specialist conducts an examination, fills out the patient's health card, sends the woman for an enema. Before the operation, hair removal from the pubic surface is mandatory. Taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, the anesthesiologist selects the drug for pain relief. The doctor expands the cervix, cleans the internal cavity with a curette, freeing it from the remnants of the fetal egg. The uterus is scraped from the inside, which prevents the development of infection. However, vacuum aspiration is more commonly performed, as it is a more gentle method of removing debris from the uterus.

After a miscarriage, the materials obtained during scraping are sent for histological analysis. The rules recommended by the doctor should be strictly observed. A woman will be able to resume sexual activity no earlier than 1.5-2 months after the procedure. During this period, damaged tissues will be restored. By this time, menstruation will resume, it will be possible to use the usual methods of contraception.

Scraping - what and why

Cleaning is carried out after an early miscarriage in most cases in order to prevent the development of infection in the uterine cavity from the remaining tissues of the deceased fetus. It is pointless to be afraid of the negative consequences of cleaning. Gynecological curettage is a procedure for removing the upper layer of the inner cavity of the uterus. After removing the excess, the endometrium begins a natural recovery, returning the ability to function normally. To facilitate access to the cavity after local anesthesia, the neck expands. This is facilitated by special medicinal formulas or medical instruments. Gynecological cleaning is carried out for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for various indications:

• after childbirth;
• with a frozen pregnancy, miscarriages;
• with failures of the menstrual cycle;
• for accurate diagnosis of gynecological disorders.

The complex application of the method with hysteroscopy allows you to carefully examine the internal contents of the uterus in order to prevent poorly cleaned areas on the mucous membrane. The essence of the technology makes it similar to abortion, but the purpose of the procedures varies significantly.

Preparing for a gynecological cleaning

Scraping is recommended a few days before the onset of menstruation. In this case, blood loss decreases and a favorable prognosis is given for rapid tissue recovery. The operation requires a preliminary examination, testing. This:

• a study on the ability of blood clotting;
• smear for examination of the bacteriological environment;
• analysis for STIs.

Before curettage, you stop taking any medications, dietary supplements that have not been discussed with a specialist. Even plant components that can affect blood clotting and provoke blood loss during surgery can be dangerous. It is important that your healthcare provider is aware of the medications you are taking so that they know what risks may arise. The rules for preparing for the procedure are simple:

• 3 days before the operation, refuse sexual contact;
• exclude from everyday use the use of intimate hygiene products (gels, creams, ointments, liquids), candles, tablets and vaginal sprays;
• do not douche;
• 10 hours before surgery, do not eat or drink. This is necessary for high-quality anesthesia, which allows the patient not to feel discomfort.

Carrying out cleaning

Curettage is carried out in a hospital, the woman is placed on the gynecological chair of the operating room. The doctor removes the upper layer of the mucous lining the uterine cavity from the inside. The exclusion of pain involves anesthesia. If there were signs of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy or at a later period, after which it spontaneously terminated, the dilated cervix allows for curettage without anesthesia. For anesthesia, intravenous administration of the drug is used, selected individually, taking into account the characteristics of the patient's body. A few seconds after the injection, the woman falls into a shallow sleep, the discomfort disappears, which makes the doctor's actions painless.

The dilator inserted into the cervix straightens the walls of the organ, facilitating access to the internal cavity. Holding the neck, the specialist inserts a rounded probe with a small diameter, after which he replaces it with a more voluminous analogue. A special video camera attached to the end of the probe allows for hysteroscopy - examination of the cavity before curettage. Cleaning is carried out with a curette, shaped like a small spoon on a long handle. Carefully collected tissues are stored in a specialized sterile tube, which is later sent to the laboratory for histological examination.

The procedure rarely goes beyond one hour, usually the doctor takes 20 minutes. Together with the uterine cavity, the cervical canal is cleaned. Manipulations are called RDV - separate diagnostic curettage. Collected samples are placed separately. Histology is used to identify the structure of tissues in order to exclude the presence of atypical cells in them, indicating cancerous lesions, precancerous conditions. The study is carried out within two weeks, after receiving the results, the woman revisits the gynecologist for a follow-up examination.

Curettage is often carried out for diagnostic purposes to clarify the symptoms of pathological conditions in the organs of the reproductive system. It can be:

• menstruation with an irregular cycle;
• bulky discharge and painful menstruation;
• bleeding during menopause;
• difficulties in conception in the absence of visible causes of pathology;
• suggestion of developing uterine cancer.

A gynecological cleaning is carried out in order to obtain materials for histological analysis.

Curettage after miscarriage - possible complications

Complications can arise, as after any surgical intervention. A serious consequence is the discovery of uterine bleeding due to insufficient blood clotting. In order to prevent oxytocin is used - injections stimulate the cessation of abnormal blood flow. Oxytocin will help if the bleeding is due to the uterus not contracting well. In violation of coagulability, it is not effective.

Another complication is hematometra, when blood clots accumulate in the uterine cavity, which can cause the development of an inflammatory process in the tissues. The spasm of the cervix contributes to the hematometer, which prevents the blood from coming out, which occurred immediately after the cleaning. Experts recommend the use of antispasmodics that relax the muscles of the body, contributing to the normal outflow of blood. A woman should be alerted by pulling pains in the lower abdomen, a sharp cessation of discharge.

After cleaning, endometritis may occur when inflammation affects the uterine mucosa. An adequate measure of therapy for a dangerous diagnosis is a course of antibiotics. Pain in the abdomen and a sharp increase in body temperature speak of a pathological condition. Any dangerous change in condition should be reported to the doctor immediately. In this case, countermeasures will be taken in a timely manner, which will eliminate the risks of developing more formidable complications.

How to behave after a miscarriage

A miscarriage that has occurred requires the failed parents to follow a certain tactic of behavior. Among the measures recommended by doctors:

1. It is advisable to postpone a new pregnancy attempt for 3-6 months. Otherwise, the risk of repeating the undesirable development of events is high. If pregnancy occurs before the expiration date, you should not panic. The main thing is the supervision of a specialist. Then there is a chance to give birth safely.
2. If you are waiting for the term, consult about the method of effective contraception.
3. Follow the recommendations given by your doctor. Having understood what threats of miscarriage exist, it is easier to neutralize them.
4. Pass the recommended examinations, pass the necessary tests. Possible studies for both parents are the detection of infections of the reproductive system, hormones in the blood, hemostasis, and immune status. Identified failures are subject to mandatory correction.

Consult what effect the drugs taken will have on the fetus if you become pregnant during therapy. Find out after what period of time you can fearlessly try to conceive a child. In most situations, in addition to the therapeutic course, it is necessary to change the usual way of life - daily routine, nutrition, habits.

The psychological state of a woman during the recovery period

Spontaneous abortion is a severe stress for a woman. Faced with this situation, many lose the meaning of life, they are afraid to plan a new pregnancy after a miscarriage, fearing a repetition of what happened. The condition of a woman during this period is unstable, emotions are negative and unstable. Often, a failed mother begins to bully herself with negative thoughts, revel in contemplating other people's children on the street, communicating with bereaved mothers on forums, visiting children's stores and looking at small things in windows. A likely tactic of behavior is blaming yourself for what happened. Against the backdrop of such thoughts, families are destroyed, divorces occur.

Psychologists advise to show perseverance, endurance, purposefulness. For this you need:

Over time, negative thoughts will fade into the background, a desire for a fulfilling life will appear. A new pregnancy will not scare and disturb.

How to detect genetic pathologies during repeated pregnancy

If there was a miscarriage of the first pregnancy due to a genetic factor, it is especially scary to decide on a second one. You should not be afraid of this, with a well-designed therapy, the chances of success are more than great. Diagnostic procedures today are highly accurate and allow you to identify pathology in the early stages. Among the deviations are Edwards syndrome, Down syndrome, Patau and other pathologies. A mandatory examination is recommended for women with repeated miscarriages, as well as:

• over 35 years old;
• having changes detected during screening;
• with markers of chromosomal pathologies and malformations of the embryo;
• with previously born children with chromosome anomalies.

Ultrasound diagnostics is able to detect malformations in 80-85% of cases. However, the technology is not impeccably reliable, as it misses pathologies in 20% of situations. Biochemical screening, invasive examinations have valid data. The last version of the study allows you to identify up to 99% of anomalies. No less popular is the high-precision PANORAMA test for determining DNA pathologies.

When planning a new pregnancy, you should definitely visit a geneticist. Screening diagnostics for the detection of abnormal genes will help eliminate the risks of possible pathologies, the factor of heredity and genetic failure during conception. Sometimes the threat of miscarriage in the early stages exists in almost healthy carriers. The examination will allow you to find out about the anomaly in advance and undergo adequate treatment of a possible pathology.

Planning for a new pregnancy

The medical community is unanimous on the issue of planning a new pregnancy after a spontaneous abortion has occurred. Conception is not recommended for at least 3-6 months after the accident. During this period, the woman's body will recover and gain strength to bear the fetus. Observation by a doctor, harmonization of hormonal levels, examination of parents to identify possible pathologies is important. In order not to become pregnant after a miscarriage in the first months, it is recommended to use contraceptive methods recommended by your doctor.

Examination after a miscarriage includes blood and urine tests, a study of the microflora of the vagina with a smear, the identification of overt and latent genital infections, an analysis of glucose and hormones, and an examination of the biological compatibility of partners. Planning is an important step towards having a healthy baby. After the studies, the woman is prescribed strengthening therapy. It is important to completely reconsider eating habits, to exclude factors that are harmful to well-being. Vitamins, folic acid are used. Fast foods containing carcinogens and preservatives are excluded from the diet. Subject to the rules recommended by the doctor, a successful pregnancy with a favorable outcome is likely.

It is not uncommon for situations in which, after a miscarriage, a pregnancy test shows two strips. This is due to the restructuring of the body, the organs of the reproductive system. It is important to report the incident to your doctor. The presence of remnants of embryonic tissue in the uterus can provoke a positive test result. In this case, immediate curettage is necessary, which neutralizes the risk of inflammation and infection. To accurately determine her condition, a woman needs to undergo an ultrasound diagnosis, take tests to determine hCG in the blood.

The question of whether it is possible to get pregnant after a miscarriage worries many parents. The answer is unequivocal - yes, if you follow the recommendations of experts, carefully plan a new conception, monitor your well-being and state of your health.

Components of success after a miscarriage

The state of health of the patient does not always lead to a miscarriage; in many respects, non-compliance with simple rules becomes a threat. To reduce the risk of losing a child during pregnancy, you must:

1. keep calm- It is important for a mother to exclude from her life all the factors that make her nervous. Irritation is not the best way to normalize the condition. In order to stabilize the emotional background, rest is recommended, the use of soothing teas with the permission of the doctor. Good results are given by herbal teas from chamomile, lemon balm, mint.
2. Avoid taking unnecessary medications and drugs. Self-cessation of the therapy prescribed by the doctor is unacceptable. Each step must be discussed with the gynecologist.
3. Eliminate harmful professional factors. Working in the chemical industry and other hazardous facilities can create an undesirable background in the body, which prevents the normal bearing of a child. It is important to understand what is of great value to the mother - the birth of a healthy baby or a career factor. Many women refuse to work in hazardous conditions in order to increase the chance of having a baby.
4. Eliminate bad habits. It is unacceptable for a mother who has experienced miscarriage to practice bad habits in everyday life - drink alcohol, smoke. It is forbidden for the father to do this. Harmfulness negatively affects the quality of spermatozoa, which provokes difficulties with conception and risks of deviations in the development of the embryo.
5. Take vitamin complexes specially designed to prepare the body for pregnancy, the formation of basic conditions for its favorable course.
6. healthy eating. A complete, balanced diet works wonders. With a lack of weight, a nutritionist will develop an adequate diet for a woman with the inclusion of a large amount of protein foods rich in vitamins and trace elements of vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Fatty foods are allowed when it comes to the “right” fat found in fish, seeds, nuts, avocados, and olives.
7. Get rid of extra pounds. Obesity adversely affects the development of pregnancy. Science has proven that enhanced nutrition during pregnancy, consisting of a plentiful meal, is not required. The main thing is its balance.

Psychological readiness for conception and observation by a gynecologist until a successful delivery is important. Science knows the facts of a safe pregnancy even after multiple failed attempts.

Repeated pregnancy makes a woman worry about every little thing. Fears scare, tune in to a negative wave. It is important to suppress the pathological state of the psyche in oneself - the emotional background is transmitted to the baby. Try to treat pregnancy as a miracle granted by heaven. Prepare yourself for childbirth physically, with the permission of the doctor, attend trainings and seminars for pregnant women, courses for expectant parents.

It happens that a woman, having become pregnant again, does not want to share her experiences with loved ones. Doing this is not worth it. At work, upon confirmation of conception, provide the employer with a certificate of the need to transfer to light work. Perhaps the gynecologist will completely protect you from visiting the workplace by writing out a sick leave.

infections during pregnancy

Infectious processes transferred before pregnancy develop immunity in the mother to similar agents of influence. Primary infection poses a great threat, so vaccination will not be superfluous when planning conception. Perinatal diagnosis makes it possible to detect an infectious process at an early stage and prevent its harmful effects. This is possible if a pregnant woman is registered from an early date.

Infection of a pregnant woman can develop due to an infection transmitted by airborne droplets. This is the most dangerous species, since it is almost impossible to prevent it. This applies to mumps, measles, rubella. HIV and hepatitis infect the body through sexual contact, similar to chlamydia. Listeriosis is transmitted with poor-quality products. A pregnant woman can pass infections to a developing baby. This pathology is determined by profile tests of latent infection.

Planned monitoring of the development of pregnancy involves regular testing. Sexual infections are determined using a smear, ultrasound shows deviations in the development of the baby, and KGT is aimed at listening to the work of the fetal heart muscle. If there is a suspicion of a serious infection of the embryo, blood sampling from the umbilical cord and amniotic fluid analysis are practiced.

Infection of the child also depends on concomitant factors. The speed of diagnosis, the literacy of the treatment, the type of pathogen, the duration of the pregnancy are taken into account. The following infectious processes deserve special attention:

1. Viral etiology - a huge number of viruses creates a danger to a pregnant woman. It is enough for a virus to capture one cell for the pathological process to begin. The carrier spreads the infection, spreading it to the internal organs and tissues. The threat is genital herpes, rubella, infectious type erythema, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, chickenpox.
2. Attention should be paid to bacterial infections detected during the analysis of biological materials (feces, urine, blood), examination of individual organs of the body. Active reproduction provokes a rapid growth in the number of bacteria in the vagina. Not all microorganisms pose a threat to the child. Antibiotic therapy is used to destroy harmful microflora. Dangerous candidiasis, streptococcus, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, cystitis.

The course of pregnancy is threatened by intestinal infections, often activated in the summer. Carriers of infection can be animals that are poorly treated before eating food. Of particular danger are listeriosis, salmonellosis, toxoplasmosis.

Prevention of infections during pregnancy

Infection of the mother provokes a threat to the life of the fetus. From 3 to 12 weeks, the infected organism responds with a miscarriage or the formation of malformations in the child. From 11 to 28 - developmental delay. At a later date, it deforms already formed organs and creates conditions for premature birth. In order to prevent intrauterine infection, it is recommended to apply a number of rules:

• Examine the mother for the detection of STIs.
• examine the blood, to determine the presence of antibodies to carriers of infection, pathogens.
• avoid contact with sick people, visits to crowded places where there is a possibility of infection by airborne droplets.
• conduct a pet survey for the presence of dangerous infections, if necessary, treat or remove them from the house until the threat is eliminated.
• exclude fast food from the diet, shop semi-finished products, subject meat, fish to thorough heat treatment.
• remove exotic foods from the diet- sushi and other culinary delights purchased in restaurants, cafes.
• wash hands thoroughly, fruits, vegetables with special disinfectants that are not capable of harming a pregnant woman and a child.
• scheduled to visit a gynecologist, undergo examinations recommended by the doctor, take tests, take vitamins.
• register at the first sign of pregnancy to be under medical supervision.
• when planning a pregnancy prepare for conception, cure infections, vaccinate.

It is important for the father of the child to comply with most of the recommended rules. If only the mother undergoes treatment, a relapse is likely during sexual intercourse, neutralizing the beneficial effect of therapy.

A woman who has had a miscarriage in the past should be alarmed by any deviations from the norm in well-being. It is important to pay attention to ailments, pain, weakness, dizziness. Accounting for an early consultation will create conditions for the bearing of the fetus and the birth of a child. There is no need to be afraid that a miscarriage will forever deprive the joy of motherhood.

After completing a course of examinations, passing tests and following the measures prescribed by the doctor to treat imbalances in the body, you will create all the conditions for a favorable outcome of pregnancy. Tune in to the positive, protect yourself from worries, worries, stress. Feel the support of loved ones, hope for the best. Get advice from good specialists to rule out any unfavorable prognosis before conception or take steps to neutralize them. Health and prosperity to you, your families and loved ones!

The modern pace of life, poor ecology and other factors can adversely affect the course of pregnancy. Scientists say that every tenth couple is faced with spontaneous miscarriages. In the material of the article, we will tell you what a spontaneous abortion is and how much blood flows after a miscarriage.

What is a miscarriage

Before we find out how long bleeding lasts after an early miscarriage, let's take a closer look at what a miscarriage is. This is a spontaneous abortion that most often occurs in the early stages of pregnancy.

If a woman is threatened with termination of pregnancy, then she is prescribed treatment in a hospital. However, you should be aware that there are no drugs with evidence-based efficacy for the treatment of this problem. All of them are aimed at treating symptoms. Thus, antispasmodics are prescribed to eliminate uterine contractions and expel the fetal egg or fetus from the uterus. Hormonal preparations eliminate the deficiency of missing hormones, if any. With the threat of miscarriage, a woman needs rest and bed rest.

Etiology

In some cases, the cause of a miscarriage can be easily determined using laboratory and instrumental techniques. There are many cases when it is impossible to establish the reasons that caused the termination of pregnancy. It is customary to single out such risk factors for spontaneous abortion:

• age over 35 years;
• physical traumatic impact;
• antiphospholipid syndrome;
• genetic abnormalities of the fetus;
• poisoning with chemicals or drugs;
• diseases of the female reproductive system (endometriosis), incorrect localization of the uterus.
• extragenital diseases (pathology of the endocrine system);
• neoplasms;
• smoking, alcohol abuse, drug addiction;
• acute and chronic diseases of infectious genesis;
• constant stress and excessive physical activity;
• venereal diseases;
• the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• abuse of caffeinated drinks;

Symptoms of spontaneous abortion

Depending on the gestational age, they can very seriously differ. At an early stage, a woman may not know that she was pregnant because the miscarriage did not cause any discomfort. Spontaneous miscarriage for up to 12 weeks is characterized by the appearance of such symptoms:

1. Obsessive pains localized in the suprapubic region and incessant aching pain in the lumbar region. In some cases, the pain syndrome is sharp or even spastic.
2. Nausea (due to dilatation of the cervix) and diarrhea.
3. Bleeding. After a miscarriage, there is blood. With the separation of the ovum of the process, the appearance of a “daub” of a brownish color is characteristic, then its amount increases and scarlet blood clots appear in the secretions.

Many women with spontaneous abortion with a gestational age of more than 12 weeks complain of mild malaise, nausea, dizziness. The onset of a miscarriage is indicated by the presence of drops of blood on the linen, which later turns into bleeding.

Actions of the gynecologist upon detection of a miscarriage that has begun

If a spontaneous abortion has already begun, then in most cases it is impossible to stop it. Treatment of a miscarriage that has begun should be aimed at preventing possible complications.

The main approaches in the treatment of spontaneous abortion:

• For several days, the condition of the woman is monitored.
• Prescribe medications that help cleanse the uterine cavity from the remnants of the chorion and prevent the occurrence of inflammatory complications.
• With a gestational age of up to 12 weeks, curettage or vacuum abortion is performed.

After instrumental cleaning, blood after a miscarriage goes no more than a week. To prevent complications, gynecologists prescribe a course of antibiotic therapy. If a woman’s discharge not only does not stop, but intensifies (one pad has to be changed more often than 1 time in 2 hours) and the temperature rises, then an ambulance should be urgently called. There is a risk of large blood loss and infection.

Uterine bleeding after miscarriage

Bleeding at the beginning of pregnancy signals the threat of termination of pregnancy, and at a later date, uterine bleeding appears after spasmodic pain, which leads to premature birth. After 12 weeks, abortion begins with the opening of the cervix, then there is an outpouring of amniotic fluid and expulsion of the fetus. Bleeding at later stages of termination of pregnancy occurs after placental abruption occurs.

In early pregnancy, miscarriage is characterized by detachment of the fetal egg. It is manifested by damage to blood vessels, which leads to bleeding. At this stage, it is still possible to prevent miscarriage. If a woman wants to keep the pregnancy, then she is sent for treatment to a hospital and prescribed hemostatic drugs, as well as drugs that relieve the tone of the uterus. Therapeutic measures are aimed at preventing contractility in the uterus. If the uterus is in hypertonicity, then further detachment of the fetal egg occurs.

If all of the above measures did not bring the desired result and bleeding continues, and the fetal egg has completely exfoliated, then it is necessary to carry out curettage or vacuum aspiration of the endometrium. After surgery, blood discharge is very scarce and lasts for several days. This is due to the fact that there are no fetal membranes in the uterine cavity and the endometrial layer is completely removed. As a rule, this procedure does not cause serious complications and health problems. Previously, there were very often cases when the use of a curette led to injury.

The nature of bleeding after drug treatment

With an early miscarriage, they may not clean. In a hospital, medications are prescribed that increase the contractile activity of a muscular organ, for example, oxytocin. This drug promotes the expulsion of the remaining membranes of the fetal egg. In addition, drugs are prescribed that help stop bleeding, Tranexam or Vikasol are used. It would seem that this is a good technique, there is no need for surgery, but in this case, no one can guarantee that the uterus has completely cleared. If the fetal membranes remain, then the blood will continue as it was.

This can lead to bleeding and serious inflammatory processes.

Next, we'll talk about how long bleeding lasts after a miscarriage. In the normal course of the period after a spontaneous abortion, spotting continues for up to 7 days and no more than 14 days. Their number and duration is affected by the gestational age. So with a short period they can go 2-3 days. If after a miscarriage there is bloody discharge for more than 14 days, then this indicates the presence of serious complications. It should be noted that they go much longer after a miscarriage without cleaning.

What to do if you suspect a spontaneous abortion

Do not self-medicate, call an ambulance immediately. In each case, the gynecologist chooses. If a woman has all the signs of a miscarriage, then you should not wait until everything happens by itself, since a spontaneous complete abortion is a rarity. Everyone should know that an incomplete abortion leads to a partial release of the ovum and its membranes, and this in turn leads to infection and bleeding. If a woman does not have children, then it is better to carry out curettage of the uterine cavity, since after it there are fewer complications than after taking medications.

What to do after a miscarriage

Next, we will discuss what to do if there is bleeding after a miscarriage. In order to avoid infection, a woman after a spontaneous abortion, a woman must carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene. When bleeding, use a menstrual pad. It is necessary to monitor the amount and nature of the discharge. In case of their intensification or the appearance of an unpleasant odor, you should consult a doctor. It is also necessary to conduct a study of the level of the hCG hormone by day, to exclude an ectopic pregnancy.

In the period after a miscarriage with bleeding, it is necessary to adhere to a sparing regimen. There may be weakness and drowsiness. Mild ailments may be due to blood loss and psycho-emotional state. After the bleeding has passed, you need to go to an appointment with a gynecologist.

It is necessary to plan a new pregnancy no earlier than 4 months after the miscarriage. This time is necessary for the female reproductive system to fully recover and the body to be ready for a new long-awaited pregnancy.

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Every woman dreams of having children. This instinct is inherent in nature. But life doesn't always work out the way you want. Many representatives of the weaker sex have to deal with pathologies such as missed pregnancy or miscarriage. After such a disappointing diagnosis, it seems that the whole world has collapsed. But don't give up. Today's article will tell you what to do after a miscarriage and how to restore your strength with health. It is worth recalling that the data below should not encourage you to self-medicate or refuse medical help. If you are faced with a similar problem, then without doctors you will not be able to cope with it.

General concept of miscarriage

Spontaneous is called a miscarriage. In this case, the fetal membranes can come out (often this happens in the early stages) or remain partially in it. Such an event can occur at any time. If an abortion occurs in the first 12 weeks, then they talk about an early miscarriage. The situation is more complicated with the development of a similar condition in the second trimester. After 25 weeks, we are already talking about preterm birth, since at this time the embryo can be viable (if the right conditions are organized).

Is cleaning necessary after a miscarriage?

If this happened, then there is nothing to fix. There is no need to withdraw into oneself and refuse medical help. The consequences of such renunciation can be very dangerous. It is not uncommon for women to need cleansing after a miscarriage. How to find out about such a need?

Consult a gynecologist and visit the ultrasound diagnostic room. During the study, the physician will determine the condition of the uterus and its inner lining. If the remains of the fetal egg (even the smallest ones) are visible in it, then you will definitely be prescribed curettage. It is impossible to delay in such a situation, since lost time is fraught with unpleasant consequences and even sepsis. When no remnants of the membranes are found in the reproductive organ, you can safely proceed to the next steps.

Curettage after a miscarriage is performed more often if the interruption occurred after 6-7 weeks. Manipulation is carried out exclusively within the walls of a medical institution using intravenous anesthesia. It lasts no more than 10-15 minutes. After that, the patient remains under the supervision of doctors for several hours and, if she feels well, can go home. A miscarriage in the second trimester involves hospitalization of a woman for several days for medical supervision.

What medicines will be needed first?

If the termination of pregnancy has passed spontaneously with the complete removal of the fetal egg, then no medications are prescribed after that (with the exception of some situations). When curettage was carried out after a miscarriage, the gynecologist prescribes the appropriate medications. Among them, the most popular are the following:

• Antibiotics (preference is given to penicillins and macrolides, less often other groups are prescribed). Bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs are prescribed to prevent infection. Often such consequences arise from cleaning. You need to take antibiotics for 3-10 days in accordance with the doctor's recommendation.
• Uterine remedies (more often use "Oxytocin" or medicines based on it). These drugs increase the contractility of the myometrium. Due to this, the mucous layer is quickly rejected, preventing extensive bleeding and accelerating the recovery process.
• Immunomodulators ("Isoprinosine", "Derinat"). These drugs increase the body's resistance, they are also designed to eliminate viral infections obtained during or after curettage.

Any medication after a miscarriage should be prescribed by a doctor. Self-administration of drugs can be fraught with unpleasant consequences. Don't listen to old friends. Trust only your gynecologist.

Recovery period for the reproductive organ

The uterus recovers quickly after a miscarriage. Even if spontaneous abortion occurred over a long period, the reproductive organ returns to its usual size within a few days. If this does not happen, then, again, the patient is prescribed appropriate contractile medications.

Sex after a miscarriage should be completely excluded before the arrival of the first natural menstruation. Despite this warning, many couples rush to have another sexual encounter. The consequence of this may be infection, inflammation, bleeding and other troubles. It is categorically contraindicated for the patient to have sexual intercourse without a condom! Even if you are used to other methods of contraception, now they need to be replaced with barrier ones. The fact is that condoms protect well from genital infections. And your women's health is especially vulnerable right now.

First menstruation after miscarriage

What does the first period after a miscarriage look like? Many patients confuse discharge after cleansing with the first menstruation. In fact, this is not entirely correct. In fact, the doctor cleared the cavity of the genital organ from the endometrium. It turns out that the doctor did in a few minutes what usually lasts 3-7 days. From this moment, you can start a new cycle. But postoperative discharge should not be confused with menstruation. The next bleeding occurs normally after 3-5 weeks. It is preferable to use gaskets with it. Tampons can cause a bacterial infection.

The first menstruation can be scanty or, on the contrary, abundant. This happens due to hormonal changes. An important role in this matter is played by the period at which the miscarriage occurred. If the cessation of embryo development occurred before 8 weeks, then the woman's body has not yet had time to fully tune in to pregnancy. The recovery of the cycle will happen quickly and with minimal consequences. When a miscarriage occurs after 12 weeks, the placenta is already functioning with might and main. Here everything is more complicated. The woman's body needs more time to restore normal functioning. There are cases when hormonal diseases (mastopathy, endometriosis, ovarian tumors) became the result of a late miscarriage.

Determine cause and treat

Is it possible to establish the cause of such an outcome of events after a miscarriage? Is it possible to find out why the abortion happened? After all, understanding the problem is already half the way to solving it.

It is possible to establish the cause of a miscarriage reliably only after curettage. The materials obtained during the manipulation are sent for histological diagnostics. Its result helps to determine why such a situation arose. But even this is not always enough. The patient must be tested. Depending on the state of health and obstetric history, the doctor prescribes appropriate studies: a blood test, the definition of genital infections, the establishment of genetic abnormalities. Be sure to visit such specialists as a urologist, cardiologist, therapist, endocrinologist. These doctors may find pathologies in their area that contributed to the miscarriage. A comprehensive examination will allow you to prescribe the most correct treatment.

Organize your meals

Many women complain of pain after a miscarriage. If gynecological pathology is excluded, then the matter may be in digestion. Often the described condition causes stress, which, in turn, leads to constipation, increased flatulence. That is why it is so important to establish proper nutrition in the first months after a miscarriage. It will promote normal metabolism and good digestion.

Fill your diet with foods rich in protein and fiber. Eat lean meats and fish. Be sure to eat greens, vegetables and fruits. Drink plenty of water. After gynecological curettage, the likelihood of thrombosis increases. To prevent this from happening - thin the blood in a natural way: drinking water. Avoid any alcoholic drinks. They are actually contraindicated for you, since there is a restorative drug therapy.

If constipation persists even after changing the diet, then it is necessary to eliminate it with the help of medications. Poor bowel movement contributes to stagnation of blood in the cavity of the reproductive organ. This is fraught with its consequences, for example, inflammation. What drugs to use to soften the stool - the doctor will tell you. Usually safe Guttalax, Duphalac for long-term use or Glycerol, Microlax medications are prescribed for quick action, but single use.

Psychological side

After the patient often withdraw into themselves. If spontaneous abortion occurred in the second trimester, then the situation is even worse. Women get depressed. There are cases when patients after this decided to take their own lives. It's not easy to stay like this. This can be very dangerous. We need to talk about this issue. Such topics are rarely discussed with a partner. Therefore, the most correct solution would be to contact a psychologist.

During the consultation, the specialist will listen to your complaints and concerns. It is this doctor who will help you cope with negative emotions after a miscarriage. After a few sessions, you will already feel much better. If necessary, your doctor will prescribe sedatives and antidepressants for you. Only the right approach to the problem will help to solve it once and for all.

When can I plan my next pregnancy?

Absolutely all women for whom pregnancy was desired ask themselves: is it possible to plan a new one immediately after a miscarriage? Any doctor will tell you not to do this. Even if the interruption occurred for a short time and did not have negative consequences, your body needs time to restore strength and hormonal levels. You also need to find out what exactly caused such a tragic outcome. Otherwise, the situation may repeat itself.

If everything is fine with the woman’s health, and the cause of the miscarriage is not in the presence of pathologies (the interruption occurred due to taking some medication or injury, a nervous breakdown), then doctors allow planning in 3-6 months. In this case, the menstrual cycle should be restored completely.

When the cause of the problem is found, treatment is prescribed. It can be short or long. Planning for a subsequent pregnancy is postponed indefinitely. Remember that patients are often prescribed antibiotics. After a miscarriage, you can start planning only for the next cycle, counting from the completion of antibiotic therapy. But practically you can conceive a new life already in the same cycle. Therefore, the entire designated time period must be carefully protected.

What reminder can be given to a woman who finds herself in a similar situation? What to do after a miscarriage? Doctors give the following step-by-step instructions.

1. Go for an ultrasound and find out if there are remnants of the fetal membranes in the uterus. With the result, go to the gynecologist.
2. If the doctor prescribes curettage, then be sure to go through this manipulation. Otherwise, complications await you.
3. Strictly adhere to the doctor's recommendation: take medications, follow the regimen, adjust the diet.
4. Find out the cause of the miscarriage with your doctor, after which the doctor will develop a treatment plan for you. Follow it, do not plan a new pregnancy at this time.
5. If there are mental anguish, depression and stress - consult a psychologist, do not withdraw into yourself.
6. Proceed to new planning when the specialist allows. At the same time, try not to remember the negative moments, set yourself up for the positive.

Summarize

From the article, you were able to find out a step-by-step recovery plan after a spontaneous abortion. If a miscarriage occurs in the early stages, it is often not possible to establish its cause. Be sure to take care of your health. If the vaginal discharge after a miscarriage acquires a strange color and an unpleasant odor, then an infection has probably occurred. Don't think that everything will go away on its own. The sooner you see a doctor, the less negative consequences will be for you. Gynecologists categorically do not recommend trying to solve the problem on their own. Do not take any drugs on the advice of girlfriends. This can only exacerbate the current situation. Wishing you a speedy recovery!

Pregnancy is one of the most desired stages in a woman's life. But sometimes it happens spontaneously, called a miscarriage. As a rule, a miscarriage occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, and this can be caused by various reasons.

According to medical statistics, one out of five pregnancies ends in miscarriage. Most often, a miscarriage occurs in the early stages, when a woman is not yet aware of her situation: a miscarriage during a 2-week pregnancy has practically no symptoms. But there are, of course, cases when a woman already knows about her situation, but loses a child. So that the tragedy does not happen again, she needs to know how to protect herself from a miscarriage and what factors cause it.

Causes of early miscarriage

First you need to define what is an early miscarriage? According to gynecological terminology, a miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy for up to 20 weeks. It may occur for the following reasons:

• Genetic disorders of the fetus. Geneticists believe that about 75% of miscarriages occur precisely because of this factor. There is no need to be afraid of this, since most often such deviations are accidental. They can be provoked by various viral diseases, radiation exposure and other external negative influences. Pregnancy in this case is interrupted due to the so-called natural selection, which helps to get rid of unhealthy or unviable offspring. Avoiding such a spontaneous abortion is almost impossible. Due to the large number of negative environmental influences, the risk of developing genetic abnormalities cannot be prevented.
• Hormonal imbalance during pregnancy. Often a miscarriage in early pregnancy occurs when there is a lack of the hormone progesterone in the female body. Such a failure in the hormonal background can occur for various reasons, but most often it is possible to prevent a miscarriage at an early stage with the timely detection of a violation. For this, a woman is prescribed a course of hormonal drugs. Women also have another hormonal problem - a high content of male hormones. They help reduce the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone, which help pregnancy to proceed normally. Also, thyroid and adrenal hormones can affect pregnancy, so these organs should be checked before planning.
• immunological factor. Many people know about such a phenomenon during pregnancy as. It occurs when the fetus inherits a negative blood factor from the father, and it is positive from the mother. As a result, the female body perceives pregnancy as something alien and rejects it. At the risk of an early miscarriage, a woman is prescribed treatment in this case, which involves taking the hormone progesterone, which acts as an immunomodulator.
• Infectious diseases in women. Today, there are many sexually transmitted diseases. They can lead to early miscarriage. Such diseases include: toxoplasmosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, herpes, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus and others. When planning a pregnancy, you should be aware that many of these infections can be asymptomatic. Therefore, before you become pregnant, it is important to exclude their presence in the body. Spontaneous abortion is associated with infection of the embryo and damage to the membranes. If such diseases are detected during pregnancy, they should be treated immediately in order to reduce their impact on the fetus.
• Weakened health of women and chronic diseases. The likelihood of miscarriage in early pregnancy increases when a woman becomes ill, and there is a high temperature and intoxication of the body. The most dangerous diseases for a pregnant woman: viral hepatitis, rubella and influenza. Even rhinitis or tonsillitis in early pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage. More serious diseases threaten not only the course of pregnancy, but also the health of the unborn child. Before planning, it is necessary to be examined for the presence of chronic diseases and to treat them. It is also important to immediately tell your doctor about any problems you have.
• Previous abortions. A large number of women have had abortions for various reasons. Such an intervention in the body puts on him the strongest stress. The consequence of an abortion can be an inflammatory process in the female organs, the development of dysfunction of the ovaries and adrenal glands. These complications disrupt the normal course of a new pregnancy. Artificial abortion leads to secondary infertility. When a new pregnancy occurs, a woman must inform her doctor about the abortion.
• Taking certain drugs and herbal treatment. Everyone knows that some drugs can cross the placenta to the fetus and have a negative effect on it. The most dangerous is the use of such drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy. This is due to the fact that during this period all systems and organs of the unborn child are laid, and if there is a negative effect of drugs, anomalies in the formation of the fetus may occur, and consequently, an early miscarriage. Dangerous drugs include some groups of antibiotics, contraceptives, drugs that relieve pain. If a woman took them before she found out about the pregnancy, you need to tell the doctor about it. Alternative methods of treatment are also capable of negatively affecting the fetus. The following herbs are most dangerous for a pregnant woman: St. John's wort, tansy and nettle. It leads to the tone of the uterus, and as a result, to a miscarriage, even seemingly harmless parsley.
• Stress. Very often, unexpected reasons lead to an early miscarriage. One of them is stressful situations that have a negative impact on the course of pregnancy. Under forced circumstances that led to stress, a pregnant woman should inform the doctor about this. You can not start taking sedatives on your own: they can harm the fetus even more.
• Excessive physical activity. For the period of pregnancy, a woman needs to give up lifting weights, and, if necessary, evenly distribute the load and give herself rest. The maximum allowable weight for a pregnant woman is 5 kg.
• Injury. Falls and injuries rarely lead to spontaneous abortion, as the fetus is well protected in the mother's womb. But in the event of such situations, it is better to consult a doctor.
• Hot bath. There are rare cases of miscarriage when a woman abuses hot baths. To reduce the risk of spontaneous abortion, a woman does not need to completely abandon such procedures, she should not make the water excessively hot, and stay in the bath for no more than 15 minutes.
• Bad habits of the expectant mother. and alcohol abuse during pregnancy can cause early miscarriage. Excessive consumption of coffee and lack of walks on fresh rest also negatively affect the development of the unborn child.

Symptoms and signs of a miscarriage

The most common symptoms of a miscarriage in early pregnancy include pain in the lower abdomen and bleeding. The pain may radiate to the lumbar region. In this case, pain is not constant, but appears periodically. If red or brown discharge occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor to avoid spontaneous abortion.

The signs of a threatened miscarriage include the tone of the uterus, but only if it causes discomfort to the woman and is accompanied by pain. If there are no unpleasant sensations with tone, then the doctor recommends only a decrease in physical activity and avoidance of stress.

At any stage of pregnancy, the symptoms of a miscarriage are similar to each other, only their soreness and abundance of discharge may differ. In the second trimester, damage to the amniotic fluid sac is added to them, accompanied by fluid flowing from the vagina, blood clots during urination, and very severe pain in the shoulder or stomach, indicating internal bleeding.

How does an early miscarriage happen?

An early miscarriage does not happen all at once. This process can take several hours or several days. This goes through several stages:

1. The first stage: the threat of miscarriage. They appear with her. Gradually, they increase, and they become paroxysmal. Along with this, the discharge of blood from the vagina begins. At this stage, timely seeking medical help gives a great chance of maintaining the pregnancy, since the uterus is still closed.
2. Second phase. The detachment of the placenta begins, as a result of which the fetus experiences oxygen starvation. It is no longer possible to stop spontaneous abortion, as the fetus dies.
3. Third stage. During this period, the placenta completely exfoliated, but the dead fetus remains in the uterus. From this moment begins his separation.
4. Fourth stage. In this case, the dead fetus, along with the placenta, leaves the uterine cavity. After that, the doctor carefully examines the woman and, if necessary, removes the remnants of tissue.

During what period of pregnancy do miscarriages most often occur?

A miscarriage most often occurs at a very short gestational age - 2-3 weeks. At the same time, the woman does not yet know about her pregnancy and perceives an early miscarriage as the onset of menstruation. This is due to similar symptoms: spotting and pain in the lower abdomen.

Less common is a miscarriage in the later stages up to 20 weeks. Spontaneous miscarriage late after 20 weeks is called a stillbirth.

Early diagnosis of miscarriage

The risk of early miscarriage is reduced to a minimum when a woman at the planning stage passed all the recommended tests and underwent examinations, and also treated the identified diseases. In this case, the threat of miscarriage is diagnosed during planning, and treatment is carried out in advance.

If there was no preliminary examination and treatment, then a doctor can diagnose an early miscarriage during an examination. For this, the following manipulations are carried out:

• the conformity of the size of the uterus to the deadline is checked;
• it is determined whether the uterus is in good shape;
• the closure of the cervix is ​​​​checked;
• attention is drawn to the discharge from the vagina.

At a later date, the most reliable way to determine the threat of miscarriage is to conduct a transvaginal ultrasound. This checks the length of the cervix and its internal condition.

In the presence of blood discharge and other serious threats of miscarriage, a woman is admitted to a hospital, and if there is no fear for the state of pregnancy, she remains treated at home.

Types of miscarriages

Spontaneous abortion can be classified into several types:

1. Incomplete miscarriage is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen or lower back, while the cervix opens. With the opening of the cervix, the fetal membrane bursts, but the pain and bleeding have not yet stopped.
2. Complete miscarriage. After death, the fetus or embryo completely leaves the uterine cavity. Bleeding stops and other unpleasant symptoms disappear.
3. A failed miscarriage. The dead fetus or embryo remains in the uterus. This condition is also called, but it is found only on examination by a doctor when listening to a heartbeat. At the same time, all signs of pregnancy disappear. If a failed miscarriage is diagnosed, the woman is treated with curettage of the uterus.
4. A recurrent miscarriage is defined when a woman has had at least three miscarriages in the first trimester.
5. Anembryony is characterized by the onset of fertilization without the formation of a fetus: the egg is fixed in the uterus, but the embryo is not there. The woman has a missed period and possibly other signs of pregnancy.
6. Choriadenoma occurs due to a genetic error during fertilization: instead of a fetus, abnormal tissue grows in the uterus. Its first signs are similar to pregnancy.

Any such conditions end in spontaneous miscarriage or mechanical abortion.

Can early miscarriage be prevented?

As mentioned earlier, stopping an early miscarriage is possible only with timely seeking medical help. If a threat of spontaneous miscarriage is detected, the doctor first prescribes bed rest. Sometimes the woman is not even allowed to get up. It is necessary to reduce physical activity to a minimum.

Any unrest and negative thoughts affect the state of the fetus negatively. It is important to try to avoid stressful situations. The doctor may even prescribe valerian or motherwort as a sedative.

Drug treatment is prescribed to block uterine contractions, which helps stop the miscarriage. If necessary, the doctor prescribes an additional intrauterine ultrasound. If insufficiency is detected in the hospital, an operation is performed to suture the uterus, helping to keep the fetal egg inside. They do it under anesthesia, and at the same time, relaxing drugs are injected into the uterus.

It happens that a woman is diagnosed with a threat of miscarriage at an early stage, and she spends almost the entire pregnancy in the hospital.

Consequences after a miscarriage

After an early miscarriage, the doctor may give a few days for the remnants of the fetal tissue to come out on their own with vaginal discharge. If this does not happen, a mechanical cleaning of the uterine cavity is prescribed: scraping is done and the subsequent restoration of the body.

In this case, you need to monitor the discharge, and if you have any suspicions, immediately consult a doctor. Incessant bleeding at the beginning of menstruation after an early miscarriage may be due to the remnants of the membranes in the uterus. To diagnose them, the doctor performs an ultrasound scan, and, if necessary, does a second cleaning. If nothing is found in the uterus, drugs are prescribed to actively contract the uterus and stop bleeding.

An increase in body temperature may indicate the onset of an inflammatory process. In this case, you also need to seek medical help. If there are no complications, the body recovers within 1-2 months.

Many couples experience spontaneous miscarriage in early pregnancy. An early miscarriage should not be an obstacle to the desire to have a baby. If an early miscarriage was a single one, then the chances of a normal course of a subsequent pregnancy are 80%.

With repeated miscarriages, the likelihood of a normally developing pregnancy is significantly reduced. To prevent this from happening, you need to determine the cause of the miscarriage, and if any disease has become it, be sure to treat it.

You can plan a new pregnancy only a few months after a miscarriage or curettage of the uterus.

Preventive measures

Women who once experienced a miscarriage are worried about how to prevent spontaneous abortion the next time. You can increase the likelihood of a normal course of the next pregnancy by adhering to some preventive measures:

• complete rejection of bad habits: smoking, drug and alcohol use;
• maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
• moderate physical activity.

When a new pregnancy is detected, you should:

1. As soon as possible, consult a doctor so that he, if necessary, prescribes drugs for the normal development of pregnancy in the early stages.
2. Reduce consumption of strong tea and coffee.
3. Refuse to lift weights and play sports, especially if there is a chance of falling or injuring yourself.