Card file on the topic: Basic forms of origami. Simple basic origami shapes Making squares of different sizes basic origami shapes

It is necessary to understand origami symbols, which help to correctly "read" diagrams for the manufacture of complex figures. In origami, all symbols are divided into arrows, lines and auxiliary signs.

Let's deal with the lines. In origami, there are two main ways to fold a sheet of paper:

1) " Valley» (concave crease). In the diagrams, it is indicated by a dotted line.
2) " Mountain» (convex fold). In the diagrams, it is indicated by a dotted line with dots.

Arrows and auxiliary signs on origami diagrams mean the following:

Basic origami shapes

In origami, the base is a simple form, the starting point, on the basis of which a huge variety of all kinds of shapes are created. It is known from the history of origami that initially 4 basic forms were considered basic: fish, frog, bird and kite. In Japan, in mastering origami, it was considered mandatory to be able to make three main toys - the most perfect - a crane, plastic - a frog and complex - a crab. In addition, there are bases with Western roots, such as a catamaran.

However, since then, origami has gone far ahead, and now the following forms are basic:

Triangle and based on it "kite" or "ice cream"

Crystal

The book and based on it - the "door" or "cabinet"

Bird

Frog

Double square, and if you turn it inside out - you get a double triangle

Water bomb (another name for double triangle)

Catamaran (on its basis paharites and kusudamas are made)

In addition, there are also such basics:

Crane (this is the basis of many other figures, for example, a horse, an elephant, a star, a Buddha mask, etc.);
Pony (based on it - lanterns, flowers, photo frames, etc.);
Camel (on its basis - hare, carp, flowers, etc.)
Hat (on its basis - a frog, a rocket, flowers, a gorilla, etc.)

It will be much easier for a beginner origami artist to cope with complex figures if he first hones the skill of basic origami figures. The basic basics-forms for the origami player are the same as the notes for the musician.

It is better to start making origami with works in which there is no emphasis on basic shapes, then using the simplest basic shapes, such as a “kite”. In more complex schemes, as a rule, there is no description of the manufacturing process of the basic form, since it is assumed that it is well known and worked out.
When making a certain product, you need to make sure that the original sheet of paper matches the required size.
A novice origamist needs to pay special attention to the accuracy of joining cuts and corners. It depends on the accuracy of the product.
A common mistake beginners make is that they take the figure in their hands, turn it around and turn it in different directions, after which it can be difficult to return to the diagram. Therefore, without special need, you should not take the figures in your hands or rotate them.
The sharper and straighter the resulting fold, the more likely it is to get an excellent quality of the finished product. It is convenient to iron the folds with some round plastic object, for example, a ring of scissors.
To get an even fold, it is better to fold with a ruler or, for example, bend the paper against the edge of the table.
When practicing the technique of folding symmetrical folds (for example, making legs, flower elements, etc.), you should not tightly join the bent sides, since when performing the following operations, they can overlap each other, causing distortions and figure defects.

). Today we will tell you what are the main basic origami shapes.

At the heart of any scheme origami, simple or complex, there are certain initial forms, a kind of blanks, from which the folding of the figures begins. Knowing the basic shapes, you can come up with an origami figure yourself, which will become a work of art.

Knowing the basics is also necessary in order not to overload the diagrams (especially with complex figures) with additional steps of the same type.

Any origami figure consists of square sheets of a certain size (choose the size at your discretion, unless otherwise indicated in the diagram). All basic forms at the initial stage are formed in the same way. From a triangle, such basic shapes as a double “triangle”, “pancake”, “fish”, “kite” are obtained. A double square, a “bird” and a “frog” are made from a square. From the rectangular shape "book" are obtained "house", "door" and "catamaran".

Simple basic origami triangle and double triangle shapes

"Triangle" is the easiest shape to add. The square sheet is folded diagonally. To do this, arrange the square in a diamond shape and lower the top corner, aligning it with the bottom corner. You can bend it both with a “mountain” and a “valley” (carefully study the diagrams). You should end up with an isosceles triangle.

"Double triangle" - has two triangular planes and is made from a simple basic triangle shape. Bend (i.e., bend, then unbend) a square sheet along two diagonals and turn over. Then, combining the top and bottom sides, fold the square in half. Pressing in the middle of the square, bend the side triangles inward. Swap the triangles by flipping the shape. The double triangle can also be done in reverse. First, bend the square in half, turn it over to the other side, and then bend it diagonally. It remains to fold the sides inward and down.

The basic form of origami "pancake"

Basic form of origami - pancake

Fold the square sheet in half along two diagonals. Bend each corner in turn towards the center so that they touch.

The basic form of origami "kite"

Basic origami shapes - kite

Having placed a square sheet of paper in a rhombus, outline a line by bending and straightening it diagonally in a “valley” (fold-inflection). It remains to fold the sides from the top of the corner to the diagonal line.

Basic shape "fish"

The basic form of origami is a fish

This form is made from the base form "". First, fold the square along two diagonals. Then fold the top sides over to the center fold line. Do the same with the lower part, using the kite shape in both cases. Pinch the side corners by folding them in half diagonally. Bend the corners up, thereby closing the figure along the lines of the rhombus away from you. Lift the bottom corner up and flip the shape over.

Basic shape "frog"

The basic form of origami is a frog

The basic form of origami_frog fig.2

It is made from the basic figure "double triangle". Bend one of the corners, aligning the bottom side with the fold line. Bend the corner again, now aligning the side with the fold line. You will get a pocket that needs to be opened and flattened. Aligning the lower sides with the fold line, fold the middle part. Raise the bottom corner along the marked lines. All these actions must be done with each corner. Then fold the raised corners down in each plane and flip over. Raise the corners in four planes. As you already understood, all of the above basic shapes come from a simple "triangle" basic shape. Let's take a look at basic square-based shapes.

A simple basic "square" shape

The basic shape of origami is a square

Fold a square sheet of paper diagonally to make a triangle, which must be folded "valley" to the right. Then bend the upper corner with a “mountain” to the left. Turn over and repeat the procedure, i.e. first make a valley fold, then a mountain fold.

Basic shape "double square"

The basic form of origami is a double square

Bend a square sheet of paper diagonally, combining opposite corners. Turn the sheet over and fold the square in half twice, matching opposite sides. Then fold the paper along the marked lines in the direction of the folds. To do this, bend the side squares inward, folding them in half and lowering the upper part down away from you. You will get two visible square planes.

Basic shape "bird"

The basic form of origami is a bird

Perform the basic form of "double square". Then fold the product, lowering the sides from the drop-down corner to the fold line. Bend the side parts of the product inward. Bend the closed "blind" corner and repeat the same on the other side. It remains to raise the lower corners up.

Simple basic forms "book" and "door"

Basic origami shapes - book and door

"Book" - bend a square sheet of paper in half, aligning the sides.

“Door” - in order to divide a square sheet of paper into two equal parts and determine the center, fold it in half (a simple basic “book” shape). Wrap the sides in turn to the fold line.

Basic shape "house"

Basic origami shape - house

Fold a square piece of paper into a "book" shape. Aligning the short sides, fold the resulting rectangle in half. Bend the sides (“door”) to the intended midline. Then you need to open and flatten the side pockets on both sides.

Basic form "catamaran"

The basic form of origami is a catamaran

Fold the base "door" shape. Then flip it over and fold it in half. The next step is to fold the bottom. Combining the upper sides with the sides that rise from the middle, it is necessary to open and flatten the resulting pockets. Pull the bottom corners out to the sides. Turn over and fold the product, aligning the bottom and top sides. Having opened the pockets, we get a kind of double (or catamaran).

Teaching the art of origami must begin not only with individual elements of products, but also with the "school of origami" - with basic forms. You should know the main basic forms of products well, which will allow you to understand the outlines and nature of the manufactured item, and when creating your own products, choose the most suitable version of the base.

One important classic approach to origami design is the concept of a base. The base is a simple folded shape that can be developed into many different shapes. The concept of a base in origami was not formally developed until the early 1900s, most traditional figures were created based on one of the eleven classic base shapes, and origami designers in the mid 1900s typically relied on the base as a starting point. Next, we will look at these 11 forms.

The four basic shapes come from Eastern culture - the kite base, the fish base, the bird base, and the frog base. The basis of the catamaran has Western roots. The base of the pancake is simple enough to appear in both cultures. The waterbomb base and the double square were also used in both cultures. The latter are actually twisted versions of each other.

The folds made to create these shapes bisect corners and edges much more often than in any other arbitrary way.

From the basic forms, you can make many figures, both flat and voluminous. Some basic forms are an intermediate step when performing more complex bases. For example, from the base "square" you can make the basic forms "crane", "frog". Basic forms can also be used as independent geometric shapes when solving various geometric problems in elementary school. Folding basic shapes helps children learn concepts such as "triangle", "square", "trapezoid", "rectangle"; solve problems on topics: parallel lines, intersection of lines, division of a segment, division of an angle, area.

The name of the basic forms in many countries is the same, although these are purely conditional names and there may be options.

The triangle is one of the two simplest basic shapes. In order to fold it, you need to make only one fold - draw a diagonal of the square.

The book is the next simple basic form. As with folding a triangle, we only need to make one fold.

Door - the basic form of the door is obtained from the book.

The kite is another pretty simple basic shape. It comes from a triangle.

Pancake - The folds of this shape seem very simple, but in my opinion, this is one of the most promising basic shapes. Please note that by adding the square, we again came to the square. So, we can add one of the basic forms from it. Such base shapes are called pancake base shapes.

Fish - The name speaks for itself. Before you head, tail and two fins. It remains only to give them the desired shape.

Double triangle - Another name for a double triangle is a water bomb.

Double square - if you turn a double square inside out, you get a double triangle.

House - the name was chosen based on the appearance of the figurine.

Bird - A bird has wings, a head and a tail. This basic form also has them.

Catamaran - Pacharita is very easy to make from this form. And also a lot of bites.

Frog - from this form you can add both a frog and a flower.

From the basic form "Crane" you can add: a horse, a crane, a stork, an elephant, a cow, a reindeer, a monkey, a crow, a spaniel, a sparrow, a grasshopper, a dragonfly, a mask of Buddha, a standing crane, a star ...

From the basic form of "Hat" you can add: a gorilla, a sombrero, a frog, a sea turtle, flowers, a bat, a rocket ...

From the basic form "Camel" you can add: a giraffe, a camel, a hare, a kangaroo, a squirrel, an elephant calf, a swan, a carp, a sheep, a deer, a mask of Death, a donkey, flowers ...

From the basic form of "Pony" you can add: a jumping pony, a flashlight, Japanese opera masks, hydrangea, photo frames, an ornament ...

Naturally, a deer made from the basic form "Crane" will differ from a deer made from the basic form "Camel", not only in the technique of execution, but also in the capabilities of that basic form.

The basic forms include modules that serve as the basis for the manufacture of not only geometric and architectural forms, but also the creation of figures of animals, birds and flowers. The number of modules used in the manufacture of a figurine can vary from four to several hundred. Basically, they are fastened without the help of glue, for this purpose there are various combinations of pockets and flaps in the modules.

The main requirement for modules is their complete identity. Even small deviations in dimensions often lead to the impossibility of assembling the product.

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21.10.15 06:50

Origami is the art of creating original figurines from sheets of paper. Originating in ancient China, the direction has become widespread in the East. At first, paper was available only to very rich people, and the basics of origami were mandatory included in the training plan for representatives of the noble classes.

Over time, the technique became widespread and became publicly available. Today, origami is gradually gaining popularity around the world. Work on the product consists of several stages and requires compliance with a number of rules. Special signs that are used to draw up diagrams allow you to systematize and simplify the process of creating even the most complex figures.

Products created using the origami technique have always been given an increased mystical meaning. Even fearless samurai used them as amulets, and lovers passed notes to each other with the help of original elements. Today, handicrafts have retained their decorative significance, they are often used to decorate rooms or conduct certain rituals, such as tea ceremonies.

Origami Basics - Material Requirements

The paper should not bend or break.
You can use only such material that holds its shape and does not open, otherwise the craft will quickly fall apart.
The quality of a paper sheet can be easily checked - you need to fold it in half, run your fingers along the fold, forming a tight fold, and unfold it. If the fold line on the inside is even, without small cracks going in equal directions, then the material can be used for work.
The color of the raw material should be even, not staining hands and neighboring parts.
Modern origami basics allow the use of glue, scissors, stationery knives and other accessories.
If initially only a square sheet of plain paper could be used to create a figurine, today the basics of any shape (circles, triangles, polygons, rhombuses) are used. There may be several sheets, the use of scissors is not a mandatory requirement. In addition to plain paper, foil can be used.

Types and forms of origami - description and features

Classic. These are the basics of origami, involving the use of a single stained or blank sheet of paper.
Origami for kids. Simplified variations on a classic theme, designed to develop the baby's fine motor skills, logic, speed of thinking.
Modular approach. Products are created from many details and parts, taking the form of garlands or other complex compositions.
Kusudama. A kind of modular direction. The product consists of many identical parts that fold into each other. Moreover, each detail is created according to strict classical rules. Usually it is a three-dimensional object of a spherical shape.
Ordinary origami. Direction intended for beginners or people with limited mobility. Creating products does not involve the use of complex techniques.
Sweep work. The most difficult kind of origami to understand and reproduce. To create such items, you need to be well versed in complex drawings.
Wet folding. Wet paper is used for work. Such figures do not have sharp folds, are soft and seem alive.

Basic origami shapes are the basis on which a variety of models are created. Some with minimal addition of folds, and some are so far away from the “base” that it’s even impossible to steal them! In addition, many of the simplest basic origami shapes serve as the basis for folding more complex basic shapes. Here are six of the simplest basic shapes available for preschool children to fold:

Basic origami shape “Triangle” Triangle Basic origami shape “Kite” Basic origami shape “Pancake” Basic origami shape “Book” Basic origami shape “Door” Basic origami shape “House”

The rest, the forms are more difficult to fold. You can see them in the article about basic origami shapes for children 6-12 years old.

The simplest form. We bend a square sheet of paper diagonally. Kids perceive this explanation well: we make a “kerchief” out of a “handkerchief”. For neat folding, we connect the opposite corners, hold them with the finger of one hand, and smooth the crease with the other hand.

Based on the basic “Triangle” shape, you can make with kids, for example, origami animal faces (from 4 years old), a paper chicken (from 4 years old) or an origami model of a claw (from 5 years old) and a paper cup (from 5 years old).

The basic form of origami "Kite" for children from 4 years old

First, fold the basic triangle shape, expand it. We have the intended diagonal. We connect the sides of the triangle with this line and the basic kite shape is ready.

Based on this basic form, you can make a modular origami model "Flowers for Mom"

The basic form of origami "Pancake" for children from 5 years old

Fold the square diagonally first to one side. Unfold and fold into another. Let's expand the square again. We get two diagonals outlined by folds. The intersection of the diagonals is the center of our square. Bend all the corners of the square to the center.

This is the basic form of "Pancake".

The basic form of origami "Book" for children from 4 years old

A very simple shape - just bend the square in half.

The basic form of origami "Door" for children from 5 years old

Fold the square in half and unfold. We bend the edges of the sheet to the intended center line. This is the basic form "Door"

The basic form of origami "House" for children from 6 years

This is the most complex of the basic forms presented here.

Fold the square in half, joining the top and bottom sides of the square. Fold the resulting rectangle in half and unfold. We get the central line outlined by the fold. We bend both sides of the rectangle to this line.

Now the most difficult part of the model remains. On one side, we take the topmost layer of paper with the fingers of our right hand and begin to unfold it from the center.

Hold the model with your left hand so that the remaining layers of paper remain in place. When we completely bend the paper, a triangle roof will form on top. Smooth it out with your finger. We repeat the same on the other side. It turned out a house with two "entrances".

You can use the basic form of origami "House" to create an origami application "Teremok". More complex basic origami shapes: a square, a double triangle, a fish, a bird and a catamaran can be found in the article “Basic Origami Shapes for Children 6-12 Years Old” To read the diagrams correctly and easily, get acquainted with the basic symbols and symbols used in origami . But keep in mind that these symbols are intended primarily for you. Children are ready to get acquainted with the elements of these signs only after the age of seven, and they will be able to fully “read” the schemes not earlier than 10-12 years old, when abstract-logical thinking is formed in them.

Simple basic origami shapes "triangle", "door" and figures based on them. Valentine's Day. Heart letter for the holiday

Ilyicheva Valentina Vasilievna, technology teacher

Sections: Technology

Practical work:

Lesson Objectives: make three works using the origami technique based on the basic forms of “triangle” and “door”, using diagrams; think over and festively arrange the composition.

educational:

Lesson methods:

Means of education:

Form of organization of work- individual.

Interdisciplinary connections: history, graphics, mathematics.

I. Organizational moment

Greetings. Checking students' readiness for the lesson.

The topic of the lesson. Determination of the goal (writing on the board).

To summarize the lesson, I suggest that during the lesson, keep a record of the answers and the implementation of practical work and make appropriate notes in the table.

Form for recording answers and performing practical work of the student (for each student)

Evaluation Criteria

- oral answers of students: "+" - 1 point;

– practical work is evaluated according to the “5”-point system: accuracy, ability to work with the scheme, deadlines; creativity, labor protection.

1. Which country is the birthplace of origami?

2. How is the word "ORIGAMI" translated from Japanese?

Reports of students on the topic "History of origami".

3. On the basis of what geometric figure are the origami figures mainly formed?

4. What properties of a square do you know?

Application No. 1 " Conventional signs adopted in origami and folding techniques "

learn international symbols adopted in origami;
master the basic techniques of folding;
know the basic forms and be able to add them to memory;
paper, scissors, glue.

III. Control of knowledge and skills

The correctness of the answers;

Participation in face-to-face conversation.

IV. Formation of knowledge and skills

Many origami figures at the initial stage are folded the same way - from a square, which in the first stages of work can be folded in several ways. The resulting blanks are called "basic forms". There are only a few of them - eleven. Every origamist knows them by heart. Many figures known in origami start with one or another basic shape. They are very ancient, invented by the Japanese, and each form has its own name. Combining figures according to basic forms systematizes a huge number of models.

Application No. 2"Basic forms" (on the board).

These methods are the starting point for other basic forms.

So, the “kerchief”, which has as a basic form and another name - “triangle”, serves as the beginning for the basic forms of “kite”, “fish”. From the "book" the basic forms "house", "door", "catamaran" are obtained.

Some basic forms are formed by combining others.

Many basic shapes have multiple folding options.

Let's master the simplest basic shapes - "triangle" and "door".

Basic triangle shape Picture 1

This basic shape can be made from both a square and a rectangle.

I remind you the rules of safe work with scissors.

These basic forms form the basis of our practical work, which is dedicated to the celebration of Valentine's Day.

February 14 in Europe and America celebrate Valentine's Day - the patron saint of all lovers. In recent years, this fun holiday has become popular in our country. In order to take part in it, you need to give a heart to the one you love - mom, dad, sister or brother, grandmother, and maybe a friend you like. Hearts can be anything - made from dough, drawn on a postcard or folded from paper.

A bit of history.

Claudius II ruled the Roman Empire in 269. The warring Roman army experienced an acute shortage of soldiers for military campaigns, and the emperor was convinced that the main reason for this was marriage, since a married legionnaire thinks much less about fame than about a family. In order to preserve the military spirit in his soldiers, the emperor issued a decree forbidding legionnaires to marry. But the soldiers did not fall in love less because of this, and fortunately for them, there was a man who began to secretly marry the legionnaires with their lovers. It was a priest named Valentine from the Roman city of Terni. As soon as the emperor found out about this, he decided to stop his such activities, and Valentine was sentenced to death.

The tragedy of the situation was also in the fact that Valentine himself was in love with the jailer's daughter. The day before the execution, the priest wrote a farewell letter to the girl, where he spoke about his love, and signed it “Your Valentine”. Subsequently, Valentine was canonized by the Catholic Church, and in 496, Pope Galasius declared February 14 to be Saint Valentine's Day.

Apparently, it was from there that it was customary to write love notes on Valentine's Day - “valentines”. In addition, they like to arrange weddings and get married on this holiday. It is believed that this will be the key to eternal love. Massively, Valentine's Day in Western Europe has been celebrated since the 13th century, and in the United States since 1777.

Russia celebrates Valentine's Day.

And in Russia, a holiday appeared, designed to be the answer to the Catholic Valentine's Day. The new holiday was called "Day of conjugal love and family happiness." Valentine's Day is July 8 - the day of memory of the Orthodox saints Peter and Fevronia, who ruled the Murom land in the 13th century. . The couple were a model of fidelity and love and the ideal of family happiness. Saints Peter and Fevronia are considered a model of marital fidelity According to legend, Prince Peter of Murom fell in love with a peasant woman Fevronia, but the boyar nobility was against their marriage because of the girl's low birth. Peter and Fevronia preferred family life to the princely throne. They lived happily ever after, accepted monasticism in old age and died in 1228 on the same day and hour. And although the spouses were buried separately, their bodies miraculously ended up in the same grave. The relics of the spouses rest in the Murom Church of the Holy Trinity Monastery. In 2008, the 800th anniversary of the memory of Saints Peter and Fevronia was celebrated. This holiday is celebrated annually in Murom on July 8th. It has long become the unofficial local Valentine's Day.

V. Continued formation of knowledge and skills

1. What are the ways of folding a square?

2. What is the base form?

3. How to get the basic shape "triangle", "door"?

Today we will make three paper figures: "letter with a heart"; "open heart", "dove".

A special place in our work will need to be given to the design of our work, thus showing our creative attitude To her. Think in advance what size your figurines will be, colors, what additional elements they will contain (letter, postcard, drawing, decorations), also consider the possibility of combining figurines, i.e. try to create your composition

These works can become the very hearts that you give to your loved ones for the holiday.

At the heart of the work, as already mentioned, are such basic forms as "TRIANGLE" and "DOOR", which you already know how to fold. But to fold the “letter with a heart” and “open heart” figures, we need to master another commonly used work technique: “bend inward”.

From the strip of paper remaining from the square, make a small square on which we will practice.

Look, please, in the symbols, what does the dark arrow mean?

Learn how to work. (I demonstrate the methods of work. The students do the work with me).

Now let's start making the figurine.

Practical work No. 1 "Letter with a heart."

Figure 5

Recall the conventions for folding methods. We carry out the work according to the points of the instruction card: Annex 3, which determines the sequence of execution and reflects the methods of work.

The teacher demonstrates the working methods. Students check the correctness of work with the teacher's sample.

Job requirements: attention, care.

Practical work No. 2. "Open heart".

This work can be used not only for a holiday. It can be extremely useful. It can store paper clips, pencils, rubber bands, stickers, stamps:, any little thing.

You do this work yourself, working according to the scheme. . Appendix 4

Practical work No. 3 "Dove"

To do this work, we need to master one more technique “bend inward”. It is often used when decorating a beak on a bird's head.

VI. Control of knowledge and skills (practical work No. 2 and No. 3)

Creative task: "Design work"

Come up with your own design for the job.

VII. Summarizing.

1. Consolidation of material on the issues:

2) Why is it necessary to know the international symbols adopted in origami?

3) What determines the quality of the work performed?

2. The completed form for recording the work of students is handed over to the teacher, who summarizes, notes the best work, student activity, and grades.

2. Conclusion

Origami is an ideal constructor, where thousands of various figures are made up of one piece (sheet). Simple folding techniques and the boundless imagination of people can create a whole world with the help of origami.

Today in the lesson you learned about the origin of the Valentine's Day holiday, made gifts for this day on your own - two small hearts, having mastered the techniques of working in the origami technique, learned how to work with diagrams, tried to make simple compositions from the resulting figures.

Internet resources:

Bibliography:

Applications.

Basic folds and origami shapes

After the first step, getting acquainted with the signs and symbols in origami, it's time to take the second one, which brings us a little closer to this amazing art. Now we need to master the basic origami patterns - the often used simple shapes on which the real pinnacles of the origami art work are based. And indeed, why clog up every second scheme, if you can study the basic forms and give the instruction “we start with the “square” shape”, instead of repeatedly repeating the scheme of this very square. This will save time and make the diagram clearer.

So, the basic forms of origami: 1. Very simple triangle And rectangle: