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Severe bleeding during early pregnancy. Bleeding during early pregnancy: is there a danger? Varicose veins of the vulva

Bleeding is one of the most common complications that accompany pregnancy. For most expectant mothers, spotting causes fear, and sometimes real panic. Indeed, even slight discharge may indicate a risk to the development and preservation of the fetus. However, the condition does not always signal a threat of miscarriage.

The nature of bleeding can be different. In some, it is a weak spotting discharge without pain, in others it is strong, at times profuse, accompanied by cramping pains in the lower abdomen, chills, dizziness. According to statistics, a similar pathology occurs in 20-25% of pregnant women.

The expectant mother must remember: whatever the causes of the pathological condition, she must inform the gynecologist about them. Any discharge, even very meager and not causing discomfort, is regarded as a pathology and can be dangerous for the development of the fetus. Most often, bleeding is diagnosed in the first trimester of gestation.

Causes of pathology in the early stages - up to 15 weeks

Sometimes small brown or dark spotting occurs at the very beginning of pregnancy, at 2 weeks. Some women may mistake them for the onset of menstruation. In fact, this is the result of the attachment of the fetal egg to the wall of the uterus. Implantation bleeding may occur somewhat later, even as early as 5 weeks. It is not dangerous and does not cause discomfort.

At the beginning of pregnancy, bleeding after intercourse is possible. If it is insignificant, you should not be afraid. But if they become regular and are accompanied by other negative feelings, there is a threat of termination of pregnancy.

Consider the main causes of bleeding during pregnancy:

  1. Miscarriage. Spontaneous abortion before 28 weeks. It occurs for various reasons. Among them are pathologies of the structure of the genital organs, endocrine and infectious diseases, genetic pathologies of the fetus, stress, excessive physical exertion or injuries. The risk of abortion is very high when bleeding occurs at 8 weeks of gestation.
  2. . It occurs as a result of obstruction of the tubes, when the fetal egg cannot penetrate the uterine cavity for further development. Bleeding in this case often occurs at 6 gestational weeks, when the fallopian tube can no longer stretch. This is an extremely dangerous condition for a woman, which requires immediate surgical intervention.
  3. . Usually occurs early. With a frozen pregnancy, the bleeding is not strong, accompanied by minor pains in the lower abdomen. A woman is shown mandatory hospitalization for curettage of the uterine cavity and removal of the fetal egg.
  4. . With this pathology, bloody discharge is accompanied by the discharge of small bubbles. Vacuum aspiration is shown, and sometimes removal of the uterus.
  5. , fibroids, polyps. These neoplasms in the organ cavity are not directly related to pregnancy, but can cause bleeding at 3-4 weeks and later.
  6. Infectious diseases. They can not only cause severe bleeding, but also harm the development of the fetus. Therefore, such diseases require immediate treatment.
  7. Insufficient level of progesterone.

Some procedures, such as taking blood from the umbilical cord (cordocentesis) or examining the amniotic fluid (amniocentesis), can provoke small discharges with an admixture of blood.

In a miscarriage, contractions of the uterus occur, which tries to get rid of the fetus. One of the signs is discharge with clots, and sometimes together with fragments of the tissues of the fetal egg. If the pregnancy could not be maintained, and a spontaneous abortion took place, curettage of the uterine cavity will be a mandatory procedure, since even minor remnants of the fetal egg can cause an infectious process and other complications. The presence of clots can also signal a miscarriage.

  • At week 10, a pathological condition may occur with violations of the blood coagulation system.
  • At week 11, the risk of miscarriage is reduced, but this does not mean that the appearance of spotting should not alert a woman. They can appear after violent intercourse, physical trauma or severe overheating, for example, after visiting the sauna.
  • At 13-15 weeks, a woman is recommended to undergo tests to identify possible fetal malformations. Such tests will avoid complications in the second half of pregnancy.

Impact of ultrasound examination

Today, the procedure is an integral part of mandatory screening. Some expectant mothers fear that the procedure could harm the baby. You can often hear that after an ultrasound, a woman has bleeding.

The discharge in this case is insignificant, lasts no more than two days and does not harm either the mother or the unborn baby. They can be caused by hypersensitivity of the internal genital organs or accumulation of blood.

Bleeding in the second half of pregnancy

If bleeding in the first half of pregnancy is associated with the threat of spontaneous miscarriage, in the later stages it is most often associated with placental pathology.

  • placenta previa

Occurs in 2-5% of pregnant women when the placenta is not properly located. Allocate full and partial presentation. In the first case, scarlet bleeding without pain is observed. With partial presentation, an opening of the fetal bladder is shown to correct the condition.

This pathology is dangerous for the expectant mother, as it can cause hemorrhagic shock. It also negatively affects the condition of the unborn child, increasing the risk of preterm labor.

  • Premature detachment of the placenta

Always accompanied by bleeding. It can be caused by late toxicosis, multiple pregnancy or a large fetus, heart defects, physical injuries (fall), abnormalities in the development of the uterus. In women, the appearance of severe pain in the lower abdomen, an increase in the tone of the uterus are noted. The fetus develops hypoxia due to insufficient supply of oxygen and other elements useful for development.

  • Rupture of the uterus

The blood is bright scarlet in color, severe pain in the abdomen indicates excessive stretching and thinning of the walls of the uterus, destruction of the muscle layer. Occurs with cystic skidding or in the presence of scars on the uterus left after the previous one. Doctors recommend not getting pregnant after a caesarean section for at least two years.

  • Bleeding from fetal vessels

A rare pathology that occurs no more than one case per 1000 births. The cause may be damage to the umbilical cord or vessels of the fetal membrane.

Bleeding in the second half of pregnancy is dangerous because it can provoke hemorrhagic shock in the mother, premature birth, the birth of a child with developmental pathologies.

Elimination of bleeding

What to do if pregnancy is accompanied by significant or scanty spotting? First of all, a woman must remain calm and not panic. Not in all cases, such a violation leads to the death of the fetus.

Of course, yes, subject to timely registration at the antenatal clinic and immediate medical attention. Even if the discharge is insignificant and the general state of health is good, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.

To find out how to stop bleeding, you need to determine the cause of its occurrence. To do this, a woman is sent to take tests and undergo the following diagnostic procedures:

  • general urine and blood tests;
  • blood test for HIV and syphilis;
  • Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
  • blood test for hCG levels;
  • vaginal examination.

If there is a suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy, a diagnostic test is performed.

The main task of treatment in the early stages of gestation is to stop bleeding and prevent miscarriage.

Treatment involves the appointment:

  • hemostatic drugs - Dicinon;
  • antispasmodics that lower the tone of the uterus - No-shpa;
  • hormonal drugs that provide the level of progesterone necessary to maintain pregnancy - Dufaston, Utrozhestan;
  • sedatives (tinctures of motherwort, valerian);
  • vitamin therapy - Magne B6, vitamin E, folic acid.

With a frozen pregnancy, a mandatory is shown. After the procedure, hormone therapy and drugs aimed at restoring the functions of the circulatory system are prescribed. If a woman is diagnosed with a negative Rh factor, after scraping, she is injected with anti-Rh immunoglobulin to prevent the Rh conflict.

Treatment of ectopic pregnancy is only surgical. During surgery, the fetal egg fixed in the tube or the fallopian tube itself is removed.

After the first successful results of treatment, when the pregnancy can be maintained, the woman is shown complete rest. In some cases, bed rest is recommended. Intimate life with a threat of miscarriage should be completely stopped. All prescribed drugs must be taken for a long time, even in the absence of bleeding and satisfactory health. The exact dosage and duration of administration is determined by the attending physician.

Therapeutic measures for placenta previa depend on the intensity of the discharge. If they are plentiful, an immediate caesarean section is prescribed, even if the fetus is premature. In the future, the woman undergoes treatment aimed at restoring blood loss.

With scant discharge, they are limited to opening the fetal bladder. However, if this measure is ineffective and the discharge does not stop, a caesarean section is also indicated.

Bleeding caused by placental abruption is more difficult to diagnose, since with this pathology, internal bleeding is observed, combined with external ones. In 25% of cases, there is no external discharge at all. To stop the blood, a caesarean section is performed with further treatment to compensate for blood loss.

Can Clexane cause bleeding during pregnancy?

This drug is used to treat thrombosis, angina pectoris, renal failure. Reviews about it can be contradictory. Indeed, taking Clexane increases the risk of miscarriage, so its use is only permissible under close medical supervision.

The drug "Clexane"

In addition to increased discharge, the drug can cause side effects such as hemorrhoids and local allergies. It is prescribed in cases where the effectiveness of its use outweighs the possible risks.

Clexane is contraindicated in:

  • the threat of spontaneous abortion;
  • diabetes mellitus;
  • some diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
  • tuberculosis.

The use of Duphaston

The drug is prescribed to replenish progesterone. It is a hormone necessary for a successful pregnancy. When bleeding during pregnancy, Duphaston is prescribed in the first trimester.

The drug "Dufaston"

The calculation of the dosage is carried out individually, taking into account the hormonal disorders of the patient, the nature of the discharge and her general well-being. The most typical dosage is 40 mg as a single dose followed by 10 mg three times a day.

Duphaston is taken until the complete cessation of the symptoms of a threatened abortion. In the future, it is possible to change the dosage to maintain the normal course of bearing a child.

Like most medicines, Duphaston can cause side effects. It can be inflammatory processes in the kidneys, constipation, hemorrhoids. In some cases, there may be negative reactions from the liver (signs of jaundice). With such side effects, the drug is canceled. It can be replaced with other drugs, for example, Utrozhestan. Duphaston does not have a negative effect on the development of the fetus.

Self-medication at home with the help of unverified traditional medicine is unacceptable! Only the attending physician can prescribe hemostatic drugs and other medicines!

Prevention

Every pregnant woman should carefully monitor her well-being. Expectant mothers, who are included in the so-called risk groups, should be especially careful.

Among the preventive measures aimed at avoiding pathological discharge during childbearing, the following can be distinguished:

  1. Maximum limitation of physical activity and emotional stress.
  2. Avoid cycling, heavy lifting, fast running, strength sports, walking on stairs.
  3. In the presence of certain indicators, minimize, and in some cases completely eliminate sexual activity.
  4. Do not use tampons or douche, which can cause increased discharge.
  5. Drink plenty of fluids (at least 8-10 glasses a day).

Important conditions for prevention are the prevention of abortion, competent protection, treatment of gynecological diseases before conception, the birth of children under the age of 35 years.

Bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy, as well as in the third trimester, is quite treatable. Compliance with all the instructions of the attending physician will allow a woman to avoid negative consequences and give birth to a healthy strong child.

Pregnancy is a period of anxious waiting for the birth of a baby, as well as a time of excitement and experience, especially for a woman who is preparing to become a mother for the first time in her life. Some of the processes taking place in her body are frightening and unexpected. Such a process is the sudden release of blood from the genitals during pregnancy.

Bleeding in pregnant women most often occurs in the first trimester, and usually this is a normal process that should not cause concern to the expectant mother. After all, during the first trimester there is a complete restructuring of the woman's body, and while the body of the future mother is only preparing for the upcoming process of childbirth, it adapts to its little "resident" - the unborn child. But there are dangerous types of bleeding during pregnancy, signifying the onset of the development of pathologies or miscarriage. Let's see what can cause bleeding during early pregnancy.

Causes and symptoms of bleeding during early pregnancy

Bleeding can be both weak, spotting, and quite strong and plentiful, in the first trimester of pregnancy they occur in 20-30% of women. Each type of bleeding during pregnancy has its own causes and symptoms.

implantation bleeding at the beginning of pregnancy. Symptoms are a small amount streaked with blood during pregnancy. Their cause is the attachment of the fetal egg to the uterine wall. During this process, damage to blood vessels can occur, which is the cause of the discharge.

How to distinguish between menstruation and implantation bleeding during pregnancy? Such bleeding sometimes resembles weak periods (lasts 1-2 days) and comes at the same time as them, which leads to confusion in determining the date of onset of pregnancy. Usually, implantation bleeding is considered one of the first signs of pregnancy.

Damage to the uterus. With strong physical exertion, as well as with careless sexual intercourse, damage to the integument of the uterine pharynx can occur, which leads to bleeding. It is painless and usually resolves within 4-6 hours. Damage to the uterine os is perhaps the most common cause of bleeding.

Decreased content of pregnancy hormone in the body. It happens that the ovaries can produce insufficient amounts, then the body begins to "think" that it is time to start the process leading to menstruation. The detachment of the mucous membrane of the uterus begins, it bleeds, as during menstruation.

With a lack of progesterone, attachment to the wall of the uterus of the fetal egg can take place with significant disturbances, and the process of placental formation can also be inhibited. The intensity of bleeding can vary from barely noticeable to quite heavy. Such bleeding is most often observed in women treated for infertility, as well as those who have an irregular menstrual cycle.

Breakthrough bleeding. The cause of such bleeding during early pregnancy is the so-called hormonal breakthrough due to a strong change in the hormonal background of the expectant mother. It is similar to menstruation, with which it is often confused. It happens both in the first month of the "position", and within 3-4 months after the onset of pregnancy. Most of the time it's not dangerous.

Miscarriage or threatened miscarriage. 50-60% of all bleeding is the threat of miscarriage, that is. The first signs are pain, resembling contractions, and bloody discharge from the vagina. At the same time, the fetus still “clings to life”, that is, to the walls of the uterus, but how the pregnancy will go, whether the woman will be able to bear this child is an open question. The causes of the threat of miscarriage are most often various infections, injuries, dehydration.

Sometimes these symptoms are a sign of a miscarriage that has already happened. The pain in the abdomen subsides, the bleeding stops, and the embryo is no longer visible. The cause of a miscarriage is usually the same - an infection, injury, dehydration, or taking certain medications. Also common causes of miscarriage are abnormal development of the fetus, various genetic disorders.

If a miscarriage seems to have occurred, and the bleeding does not stop and is accompanied by secretions of blood clots and tissues, this means that the miscarriage is incomplete. The fetus has already died, and there is no chance to keep the pregnancy in this case.

Ectopic pregnancy. It happens that a fertilized egg, instead of attaching to the wall inside the uterus, remains in the fallopian tube, where it begins to develop safely. usually are adhesions in the oviduct, inflammatory processes in the ovaries and the use of spirals as a means of contraception.

The development of this pathology is dangerous for the health, and sometimes the life of a woman, because, developing and increasing in size, the fetus can rupture the fallopian tube, which leads to hemorrhages in the abdominal cavity. Signs of an ectopic pregnancy are abdominal pain, most often on one side of the body, spotting bloody discharge. Treatment is carried out only by surgery.

Frozen pregnancy. The reason is deviations in the development of the embryo, most often genetic. It may not have special ones, with the exception of spotting discharge from the genitals and pain in the abdomen. Naturally, there can be no talk of any kind - the fetus died.

Placental abruption. In this case, bleeding occurs due to the gradual from the uterine wall and the accumulation of blood in the gap between them. The placenta can exfoliate for various reasons: disorders in the vascular system, heart and kidney disease, obesity, malformations of the uterus, and so on. Sometimes placental abruption is observed in women who are preparing to become a mother is not the first time. Symptoms are bleeding and pain. Placental abruption can lead to the loss of the baby.

infection or erosion. If the cause of bleeding is, then you don’t have to worry too much - it does not affect the course of pregnancy and its outcome. Usually does not cause any inconvenience to the expectant mother, because it can not be treated during pregnancy.

If the cause of bleeding is an infection, then it will have to be treated anyway, because it can have a strong negative effect on the development of the baby, kill him or cause a miscarriage.

What to do with bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy

If you find spotting on your underwear, you should take all measures to prevent it:

  • First of all, do not panic and see a doctor. The gynecologist will be able to accurately diagnose using various research methods and, if necessary, prescribe the necessary treatment aimed at saving the pregnancy. Moreover, some types of bleeding are dangerous for the expectant mother herself, and they should not be neglected.
  • If you experience heavy bleeding during pregnancy call an ambulance and lie down. It is worth avoiding independent “travels” to the hospital - it is best if the doctor comes to the house.
  • After visiting the doctor, be sure follow all his recommendations., if possible, take care of your nerves and reduce heavy physical exertion.
  • If you are offered stay in the hospital- listen to this practical advice if you want to save your pregnancy and your health.

To reduce the risk of bleeding, as well as the risk of developing pathologies and disorders in the course of pregnancy, it is worth following several preventive recommendations:

  1. Plan Your Pregnancy. The more thoroughly you prepare for it, the better. Pass a complete examination of your body, cure inflammation and various infectious diseases of the genital tract.
  2. Walk outdoors more often somewhere outside the city. The beauties of nature always have a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state of a woman, and clean air is full of oxygen, which is necessary for the proper development of the fetus.
  3. Try to create around you positive emotional background, be calm and rejoice more often, even in small things.
  4. Give up bad habits- smoking and alcohol. Consume as much pure water as possible.
  5. Avoid taking medications once again, especially potent ones - they do not always have a positive effect on our body.

Video about bleeding during pregnancy

In the next video, which you can watch, lecturer Nana Kartlosovna Tetruashvili, as part of the IV scientific and practical conference "Miscarriage", will tell in detail all kinds of bleeding as well as their reasons.

Dear readers! After reading our article on bleeding in early pregnancy, you can discuss any questions you have in comments. Share your stories and experiences, problems and ways to solve them, help each other, don't be shy and ask questions. Moreover, everything cannot be described in one fell swoop, and the experience of those who have already left behind “bleeding horrors” will be useful to all expectant mothers.

They can be very scary, but blood loss does not always mean a miscarriage. Bleeding during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, is more common than you might think. Therefore, it is important to know why they occur and what to do.

According to studies, about 25% of women surveyed confirmed that they had bleeding during pregnancy, and 8% of them were quite heavy. Most cases occurred between weeks 5 and 8, and lasted no more than 3 days.

Of those who bled, only 12% of women experienced a miscarriage. One-time bleeding occurs in many women, but there are those who have them periodically throughout pregnancy. may look like there may be drops, streaks, or discharge similar to menstruation.

Bleeding During Pregnancy: Should You Tell Your Doctor?

Yes. Any bleeding during pregnancy should be reported to the gynecologist immediately.

Any vaginal discharge of blood before 24 weeks of gestation is considered a potential threat of miscarriage. After 24 weeks, this is called prenatal bleeding.

Those with a negative Rh factor should definitely see a doctor within 72 hours after bleeding, as there are suspicions that the baby’s blood may mix with yours. If mixing occurs, the mother's body may begin to produce antibodies against the baby's Rh-positive blood.

Rh positive is much more common than Rh negative. For the first pregnancy, mixing blood has no consequences, but in subsequent pregnancies, the body may decide to attack unfamiliar matter with antibodies if the baby is Rh positive again.

Below are the most common causes of bleeding during pregnancy. Not all of them are scary and dangerous. During pregnancy, small cramps and pulling sensations occur, and this is normal. But if the bleeding is accompanied by severe pain and cramps, seek medical help immediately.

implantation bleeding

breakthrough bleeding

Some women have what is called a breakthrough or when they should have had their period. Thus, such discharges appear at 4, 8, 12 weeks, respectively. They are often accompanied by the sensations that you usually experience with your period, such as back pain, cramps, heaviness in the lower abdomen, feeling bloated and low on energy.

Of course, due to the fact that you are pregnant, your period does not occur, although you think that you should. During pregnancy, hormones prevent discharge, but sometimes, when hormone levels have not yet reached their peak and cannot stop periods, there is a "breakthrough" - breakthrough bleeding.

This can last up to 3 months, and after that the placenta takes responsibility for the production of hormones by the ovaries. There are women who have breakthrough bleeding almost all the time during pregnancy, and being under the constant supervision of doctors, they freely give birth to healthy babies.

Threatened miscarriage or miscarriage

According to studies, a third of all pregnancies end in miscarriage (the medical term is spontaneous abortion). Sounds daunting, but don't despair, as this number includes very early miscarriages, the first 12 weeks, when a woman may not even realize she was pregnant at all.

A miscarriage of this type often occurs due to damage to the fetus, that is, the woman's body rejects the non-viable fetus.

If you have crossed the mark of 14-16 weeks, you can calm down.

It is best to refrain from announcing your pregnancy to the world before reaching 2 months. Naturally, you may be bursting with emotions and joy, but if a miscarriage occurs, it will be twice as painful for you to report a failed pregnancy again. Empathy is important, but sometimes it can only add to your grief over your shattered dreams of being a mom.

Signs of a miscarriage are bleeding, cramps, pain in the lower back and abdomen. Women often say they "do not feel pregnant" when they have a miscarriage or bleeding. The main signs of pregnancy disappear - nausea, breast tenderness and a swollen belly.

If you are bleeding and feel all of the above, there is a risk that you have lost your baby. If you're experiencing bleeding but don't feel like the pregnancy has ended, there's a good chance it is, but overall, the baby is fine.

A miscarriage can also happen without bleeding, which is often referred to as "" when the fetus dies but is still held by your body inside. Signs of pregnancy in this case will disappear, but cardiac arrest in the fetus can only be determined thanks to ultrasound. A curette may be needed to remove a dead fetus.

Bleeding after intercourse

Bleeding after sex is one of the most common causes of bleeding during pregnancy. It is completely harmless and is due to increased blood supply and softening of the cervix. Although such bleeding is not a serious cause for concern, you should still report it to your doctor. Be prepared for a very personal question about whether you've had sex recently.

This does not mean that you should stop having sex, but you may need to reassure your partner that he will not harm the baby, that he is well protected in the uterus, which is much higher than the vagina.

Ectopic pregnancy

Occurs when a fertilized egg attaches not in the uterus, but outside, usually in the fallopian tube.

You may experience severe pain in the lower abdomen on one side, or twisting pain, as well as weakness and nausea. The pain may suddenly disappear if the tube ruptures, but will return after a few hours or days, and the sensations will be even worse.

This situation is quite dangerous. An ectopic pregnancy can rupture the fallopian tubes and cause internal bleeding, which can lead to infertility. You may have to remove the fallopian tube and end the pregnancy, but this does not mean that you will have problems conceiving in the future, provided that your second ovary and fallopian tube are healthy.

placental bleeding

Another question you might hear at your doctor's appointment is if you've had a scan and where the placenta is located.

Painless vaginal bleeding may result from abnormal placement of the placenta. Sometimes the placenta is located very low on the wall of the uterus, and sometimes right above the cervix. This is called placenta previa and occurs in about 0.5% of pregnancies.

Will inevitably lead to bleeding at some point in your pregnancy - usually after 20 weeks. There are varying degrees of severity of this condition, but they all require repeated ultrasounds for an accurate diagnosis. To prevent endangering the baby, you may be advised to stay in bed, offer induction, or have a caesarean section if the placenta continues to attach to the cervix.

Another cause of bleeding later in pregnancy is placental abruption, when the placenta partially or completely separates from the uterine wall. It occurs in about 1 in 200 pregnancies. Symptoms include general severe pain and heavy bleeding. The bleeding may be visible or hidden in the uterus, which will be tight, hard, hard to the touch, and very painful.

If you smoke, have high blood pressure, kidney problems, or preeclampsia, you are at high risk for placental abruption. This condition requires urgent hospitalization, and depending on the severity of the bleeding, you may be prescribed bed rest, induction, or a caesarean section.

uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are masses of hardened muscle and fibrous tissue that can be found inside or outside the walls of the uterus. They can be both problematic and non-problematic during pregnancy - this primarily depends on the location of the fibroid and whether it is enlarged or not.

There is no consensus among doctors on this matter, but it is known that the hormones produced during pregnancy can cause both a decrease and an increase in fibroids.

Fibroids are best removed before pregnancy, as there is a chance that they will lead to ectopic pregnancy, heavy bleeding during pregnancy, or miscarriage.

However, many women give birth without any complications. If you have fibroids, it is important to see a specialist to understand your specific situation and determine the next steps. Avoid Internet self-medication as the matter is serious and should not be left to armchair experts.

What to do if I'm bleeding

If you are more than 20 weeks pregnant, contact your doctor immediately if you have bleeding. Never use tampons if you experience bleeding during pregnancy; always take a pad.

If the bleeding is light and you don't have any pain, still talk to your doctor or nurse. If the bleeding is heavy (in a stream or clots) and is accompanied by abdominal cramps, back pain, and period-like pain, call an ambulance immediately.

It is understandable that you are upset, but try to remain calm and remember that bleeding occurs during pregnancy, this is not an anomaly.

The blood belongs to you, not to the baby, so continuing a perfectly healthy pregnancy and having a healthy baby is possible and most likely. Do not be surprised if with such complaints in the early stages (up to 12 weeks) you are advised to simply watch and wait.

What to do if a miscarriage occurs

If you are experiencing a miscarriage, unfortunately, nothing can stop or prevent this process. Losing a child is always painful, disappointing, and overwhelming, but the best thing you can do is take care of yourself physically and emotionally. It's not your fault that you lost your baby and you can't change anything, but there are things that can help you feel more comfortable physically:

  1. Bed rest
  2. Paracetamol/Panadeine (medicine used to relieve period cramps)
  3. Heating pad or bottle of warm water on stomach
  4. Tea and partner support

Together with the secretions, various lumps of tissue, an undeveloped fetus, can also come out, but soon the bleeding will stop. If the bleeding does not stop, you should immediately seek medical attention.

Remember that in most cases, bleeding in early pregnancy occurs spontaneously, and after that, the pregnancy continues healthy and unharmed.

Bleeding during pregnancy is a serious threat to the health and life of both the fetus and the mother. Therefore, such a condition cannot be ignored and, if bleeding of any nature occurs, seek medical help. It is a discharge of various colors (red, pink, brown) and consistency that appears from the vagina.

According to statistics, bleeding in pregnant women is observed quite often. A similar problem affects up to 20% of expectant mothers. In Russia, up to 100 women die every year from bleeding during pregnancy, which indicates the seriousness of the problem.

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy

Bleeding during pregnancy can have a number of causes, these include the following:

    Ectopic pregnancy. It is characterized by the fact that pregnancy occurs and begins to develop outside the uterus.

    Frozen pregnancy, in which the fetus dies in the womb.

    Inflammation of the cervix.

    Placental abruption.

    Multiple pregnancy.

    Abdominal trauma.

    Implantation of the egg to the walls of the uterus.

    Cervical erosion.

    Polyps of the cervical canal.

    Myoma of the uterus.

    Sexual intercourse during childbearing. Occurs due to irritation of the cervix and vaginal lining.

    Miscarriage. A concomitant symptom of the appeared spotting discharge is severe paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen.

    Bubble drift. This is a condition in which there is an overgrowth of the tissues of the placenta. With it, bleeding is profuse, but there is no pain.

    Malformations of the fetus.

    Low progesterone.

    Bladder infections.

    Placental abruption.

    premature birth.

    Varicose veins of the vagina.

    Uterine rupture that occurs in late pregnancy. At risk are women who have undergone a caesarean section, with multiple pregnancies, with scars left after operations.

    Cervical cancer.

Sometimes the causes of bleeding that occurs in a pregnant woman can be invasive gynecological examinations, such as blood sampling from the umbilical cord, examination of amniotic fluid (amniocytosis), fetal chorion biopsy.

Bleeding in early pregnancy

Bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy does not always indicate the presence of any pathology, however, such a condition should not be left without attention. There are both natural bleeding and those that can carry a serious threat.

Sometimes, at an early stage, when a woman does not yet know that she is pregnant, a small amount of blood may come out of the vagina. This is due to the fact that the fetal egg is attached to the wall of the uterus. During this process, there is a natural rejection of minor elements of the mucous membrane lining it. In connection with similar changes occurring in the body, a woman may observe small brown-brown or red discharge, accompanied by a feeling of discomfort and short-term pain.

Sometimes a little bleeding can occur at 3-4 weeks of pregnancy. It doesn't always indicate a problem. This may happen due to the fact that the woman was supposed to start her next menstruation at that time. The hormones that regulate the course of pregnancy naturally act on this process, interrupting it. That is why some blood is sometimes released. Such bleeding can sometimes continue up to the 2nd trimester, and therefore, a woman sometimes does not know about her position.

Sometimes early bleeding can be the result of increased blood supply to the growing uterus. In this case, varicose veins of her veins can be observed, polyps form in the cervical canal. At the same time, the pregnant woman does not feel any discomfort and doctors do not prescribe treatment.

However, you should not be silent at the next visit to the doctor that bleeding occurred during pregnancy in the early stages, since in some cases they are a symptom of serious processes. In this case, both the fetus and the woman herself can suffer.

Sometimes bleeding can occur at the 5th week of pregnancy. This may be due to the Rh-conflict of the mother with the fetus. It is at this time that the laying of the hematopoietic system of the embryo occurs, and if an immunoconflict occurs, this can provoke a miscarriage. If a woman does not consult a doctor with spotting discharges and the pains that accompany them, then most often the pregnancy will not be prolonged. If the bleeding increases, clots appear and severe pain, this indicates that a miscarriage is already in progress.

At about 6 weeks, sometimes a little earlier or later, bleeding may occur, indicating an ectopic pregnancy, when the fetal egg is located outside the uterus.

It is impossible to recognize the cause of bleeding on your own, so you need to see a doctor. Moreover, in the early stages they can indicate both pathological and natural processes.

Bleeding in an ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy refers to a pathological condition and is a complication of pregnancy. It is characterized by the fact that a fertilized egg is attached outside the walls of the uterus. This condition requires urgent hospitalization, as it causes internal bleeding and can be fatal for a woman.

The danger of an ectopic pregnancy lies in the fact that at the beginning of the birth of life, it is no different from the uterine one. A woman may experience nausea, weakness, soreness of the mammary glands.

Characteristic symptoms begin to appear for a period of 5 to 8 weeks, they are expressed as follows:

    Bleeding occurs in the abdominal cavity, since it is there that the vessels are damaged. But often you can observe uterine bleeding, which is caused by a sharp drop in progesterone levels. The discharge is usually only slight, sometimes it can resemble menstrual flow. Excessive bleeding occurs, but is extremely rare.

    The pain is of a different nature, it can be cutting, paroxysmal and aching, localized in the lower abdomen, followed by irradiation to the side and anus.

    If the blood loss is significant, the woman may develop a state of shock. It is characterized by loss of consciousness, pallor, a sharp drop in pressure.

With bleeding, a surgical method is always used to eliminate the fetal egg. Either only the egg is removed, or the fallopian tube, in case of its rupture.

Implantation bleeding is a natural bleeding during the early stages of pregnancy. It is due to the fact that a fertilized egg tries to penetrate the walls of the uterus. This type of bleeding is not pathological and is not observed in every woman.

This type of bleeding got its name due to the fact that the introduction of an egg into the walls of the endometrium of the uterus is called implantation. By damaging tissues and blood vessels, the egg hardens inside the body of women, causing spotting. This process occurs on average for 8 days, after the sexual intercourse has happened, sometimes the process can drag on up to 12 days. The discharge does not last long, the discharge is observed for 2 hours, no more.

It is important to be able to recognize the signs of implantation bleeding and distinguish it from the onset of menstruation or other types of blood loss.

The fact that a woman began implantation bleeding says the following:

    The presence of unpleasant, but not too painful sensations in the lower abdomen. They are of a pulling nature. Caused by muscle spasms of the uterine muscles.

    A short-term decrease in basal temperature. But this sign is very difficult to trace, since the decrease is insignificant and short-lived.

    The bleeding itself is weak, the discharge is often light, creamy.

    A woman may feel a slight malaise, accompanied by dizziness, weakness and lethargy. They occur after the implantation of the egg is completed.

    Unlike menstruation, this bleeding is short.

    The color of the discharge will not be as saturated.

    The amount of such secretions is equal to several drops.

When an ectopic pregnancy occurs, implantation bleeding is somewhat different. The woman experiences pain, sharp and paroxysmal. Most often, ectopic implantation is immediately accompanied by dizziness and nausea. During the passage through the fallopian tube, the blood will become dark, therefore, the discharge will acquire an appropriate character.

If the allocation occurred before the specified period or after it. They are intense in nature, this may indicate the presence of any other disease. In this case, you need to go to the doctor for advice.

It is problematic to independently determine implantation bleeding using a pregnancy test. As a rule, at such early stages of pregnancy, it does not give a reliable result and it is necessary to do it only after the first day of missed menstruation.

There is a more reliable method for determining the presence of pregnancy - this is blood sampling and analysis for a specific hCG hormone. When fertilization occurs, the level of human chorionic gonadotropin in the blood of a woman rises. Its secretion actively occurs by the membrane of the fetal egg. This method of determining pregnancy is very reliable and can be carried out as early as 6 days after intercourse. However, it will be more reliable after implantation bleeding has occurred.

If a woman has bleeding while carrying a child, it is necessary to act in accordance with the following instructions:

    Abundant blood loss during pregnancy rarely begins abruptly and unexpectedly. Most often it is preceded by pain and tension in the lower abdomen.

    If a woman finds spotting, then it is necessary to call an ambulance, and before her arrival, lie in bed, placing a roller under her feet.

    If the arrival of the doctor is delayed for any reason, you need to drink two tablets of No-shpa and valerian extract.

    Something cold should be applied to the lower abdomen, it can be a heating pad with ice or a bottle of water. But first you need to wrap it with a cloth.

    It is forbidden to use douching solutions and even wash yourself so that the doctor can determine the cause of blood loss by the color and nature of the discharge.

    You can not use a tampon to stop bleeding, in order not to stain clothes, you should use a sanitary pad or a clean cloth.

    It is impossible to use progesterone-based hormonal agents on your own, without a doctor's prescription, in order to stop bleeding. In some cases, they help, but the doctor should determine the cause of the bleeding.

    After the arrival of the ambulance, the woman will be taken to the hospital and handed over to a specialist for observation.

Depending on what caused the blood loss, the pregnant woman will either be left in the hospital or sent home for treatment. Most often, kroostavnye (Ditsinon, Vikasol, etc.), reducing the uterine muscles (oxytocin), and raising the level of hemoglobin are used for therapy. Pregnant women are prescribed vitamins and drugs that help strengthen blood vessels - Askorutin.

Pregnancy is the most responsible and important time for every woman. The expectant mother very sensitively and carefully monitors changes in her condition, any deviations in the direction of deterioration in well-being are alarming and alarming. Bleeding is what scares expectant mothers the most. Why does bleeding occur in the first half of pregnancy?

Why does bleeding occur in early pregnancy?

Bleeding, especially at the beginning of pregnancy, is a dangerous symptom that can lead to irreversible consequences. Even if there is very little blood, you cannot ignore the discharge, you should immediately consult a doctor for advice and medical help. Statistics say that about 20% of pregnant women experience bleeding at the beginning of pregnancy, and about 100 Russian women die annually from related complications.

Discharge with blood can be for various reasons. Among them are the following:

  • risk of abortion;
  • miscarriage;
  • ectopic pregnancy, when a fertilized egg attaches and begins its development outside the uterus;
  • non-developing or missed pregnancy, in which the fetus dies in utero;
  • implantation (introduction) of the egg into the inner layer of the uterine wall;
  • cystic skid;
  • inflammatory processes - cervical erosion, uterine fibroids, cervical canal polyps, endometriosis;
  • anomalies in the development of the embryo (chromosomal disorders);
  • hormonal disruptions - deficiency of progesterone (the so-called pregnancy hormone);
  • trauma (blow, bruise) of the abdomen;
  • rough sex.

Causes of bleeding

An ectopic (ectopic) pregnancy is a phenomenon in which a fertilized egg is attached outside the uterus - on the cervix, ovary, fallopian tube, abdominal cavity.

The main cause of ectopic pregnancy is the obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Such a deviation can occur due to various diseases in history:

  • infections (chronic or transferred) of the uterus and appendages;
  • tumors;
  • adhesions and scar tissue as a result of inflammatory processes;
  • adnexitis - an inflammatory disease of the appendages;
  • endometriosis - inflammation of the mucous layer of the uterine cavity;
  • operations on the female genital organs;
  • abortion;
  • hormonal disorders;
  • anomalies in the development of pipes;
  • intrauterine device.

With age, the risk of ectopic pregnancy increases.

Another cause of bleeding is an undeveloped pregnancy. This is an abnormal cessation of the growth and development of the embryo, which most often occurs for up to 3 months. Factors that provoke the fading of pregnancy:

  • pathology of the internal genital organs;
  • intrauterine infections leading to fetal malformations:
    • herpes,
    • rubella,
    • toxoplasmosis,
    • cytomegalovirus;
  • autoimmune disorders such as antiphospholipid syndrome;
  • hormonal disbalance;
  • IVF (in vitro fertilization);
  • severe stress;
  • hard physical labor;
  • some medicines;
  • bad habits - alcoholism, smoking, drug use.

Uterine bleeding may indicate a threat of spontaneous abortion or a miscarriage. Factors that provoke miscarriage may be:

  • hormonal imbalance - lack of progesterone or an excess of androgens;
  • Rh factor conflict;
  • immune disorders;
  • genetic failures - chromosomal mutations;
  • sexually transmitted infections;
  • diseases of the genital organs - uterine fibroids, endometriosis;
  • isthmic-cervical insufficiency, which can develop due to mechanical trauma to the cervix during abortions, difficult births or hormonal abnormalities;
  • infectious and inflammatory diseases:
    • viral hepatitis,
    • angina,
    • rubella,
    • pyelonephritis,
    • appendicitis;
  • chronic diseases of the heart, blood vessels, kidneys;
  • abdominal trauma;
  • severe stress that cannot be the root cause of a miscarriage, but is a predisposing factor;
  • endocrine diseases.

Bubble skid is another reason for heavy uterine bleeding. This is a pathological condition in which the normal development of the embryo does not occur (it may be completely absent), and the trophoblast (the outer layer of cells of a fertilized egg) grows. From the trophoblast during the normal course of pregnancy, the placenta is formed, in the case of hydatidiform mole this does not happen. The reason for such a pathological deviation is the absence or incomplete set of mother's chromosomes in the presence of a double chromosome set of the father. This phenomenon can occur if 2 spermatozoa simultaneously fertilize an egg with developmental anomalies - non-nuclear or with a delay in chromosome set. Viral or infectious diseases, lack of estrogen, genetic mutations are considered provoking factors for drift. Until the end, the cause-and-effect relationship of hydatidiform drift has not been studied.

Implantation bleeding occurs in approximately 30% of pregnant women and is not particularly dangerous. They are like a scanty period. Such bleeding occurs a few days after ovulation or 7 days before the expected date of the start of menstruation. A fertilized egg is introduced into the epithelium of the inner layer of the uterus, thereby damaging the vessels.

Breakthrough bleeding (breakthrough of menstruation) at the beginning of pregnancy indicates hormonal disorders. Sometimes this happens in the first months of gestation repeatedly, while the discharge resembles ordinary menstruation, which is why the expectant mother may not be aware of her special position. This phenomenon occurs due to a sharp hormonal restructuring of the female body.

Minor bleeding can be triggered by an exacerbation of gynecological diseases, such as cervical ectopia, polyps, uterine fibroids, and others.

Symptoms of bleeding during pregnancy

The leading symptom, regardless of etiology, is discharge with blood from the vagina, they are scanty or abundant, with or without mucus, clots. Depending on the factor that provoked bleeding, other manifestations are added.

Ectopic pregnancy

The danger of an ectopic pregnancy is that it proceeds in the same way as a normal one, that is, a woman experiences signs characteristic of a healthy pregnancy:

  • nausea;
  • fatigue;
  • malaise;
  • swelling of the mammary glands;
  • weakness;
  • delay of menstruation.

The embryo develops, grows and there are manifestations that are already characteristic of an ectopic pregnancy:

  • intense pain, almost unbearable, in the lower abdomen or on the side where the egg was attached;
  • pain syndrome increases with movement, tilt;
  • bright red blood - in case of cervical pregnancy;
  • with tubal pregnancy - brown discharge;
  • feeling faint;
  • loss of consciousness.

If the pregnancy is cervical, then the bleeding is very plentiful, prolonged, since this place is rich in blood vessels.

Symptoms of an undeveloped pregnancy

At the very beginning of gestation, especially if the pregnancy is the first, a woman cannot immediately understand that something is wrong with the fetus. Most often, pregnant women go to the doctor when heavy bleeding begins - the uterus spontaneously tries to reject the dead fetus. Bleeding when pregnancy fades does not begin immediately. The first symptoms of this condition are:

  • manifestations of toxicosis stop if it was observed before;
  • mammary glands cease to swell and hurt;
  • pulling pains of moderate intensity are felt in the lower abdomen.

Then the pains can intensify, become cramping and spotting begins.

Risk of miscarriage

This condition manifests itself with three main symptoms:

  • bleeding from the uterus (from light pink daub to significant discharge, reminiscent of menstruation);
  • uterine hypertonicity, which is determined by ultrasound;
  • drawing pain in the abdomen, may radiate to the lower back.

Increased bleeding and deterioration of the general condition most often indicates that a miscarriage begins. At the same time, the pregnant woman feels severe weakness, dizziness, nausea, increased pain. The discharge is at first small brownish or red with mucus, after 1-2 days it becomes plentiful, with large clots. Bleeding becomes worse with exertion and movement.

There are several stages of miscarriage:

  1. The threat of abortion - there are weak spotting discharge and pain. The child can be saved.
  2. The beginning of a miscarriage - the pain becomes cramping, bleeding intensifies. The pregnancy can still be saved.
  3. Spontaneous abortion in progress, the main symptoms are intense pain and a lot of blood with clots. Pregnancy can no longer be saved.

Video - signs of early miscarriage

Signs of a hydatidiform mole

Along with bleeding, a woman experiences symptoms characteristic of early toxicosis:

  • nausea;
  • fatigue;
  • taste change;
  • vomiting;
  • dizziness;
  • weakness;
  • increase in symptoms of liver failure.

In the secretions, it is often possible to detect characteristic vesicles that have come off the chorionic villi (the embryonic part of the unformed placenta). Allocations with blood during cystic mole are frequent, plentiful, they lead to the development of anemia.

The cystic drift can be complete (simple), incomplete (partial) and destructive, when the altered chorionic villi grow into the uterine wall. This form is the most severe and often causes terrible internal bleeding, and the growth itself acquires a malignant course.

implantation bleeding

This type of bleeding does not affect the normal course of pregnancy and is characterized by scant discharge or a small amount of pure blood. The discharge caused by the implantation of the egg in the uterine wall is never dark in color and can literally last from one hour to 2-3 days. At this time, a pregnant woman may feel a slight pain in the lower abdomen, but most often there is no pain.

Signs of breakthrough bleeding

The discharge resembles normal menstrual blood, only in a smaller volume. This phenomenon happens once at the very beginning of gestation or can be repeated for another 3-4 months.

Bleeding in gynecological diseases, such as erosion, is usually mild and not accompanied by other symptoms.

Bleeding with mechanical damage to the vagina or cervix during a gynecological examination or after intense sex also does not differ in intensity. Most often, they manifest themselves as light spotting secretions, quickly end and do not repeat.

Diagnosis of uterine bleeding

Diagnosis always begins with an examination of the pregnant woman, an objective assessment of her condition, the nature of the discharge, an anamnesis in order to establish the presence or absence of diseases that provoked bleeding. Laboratory and hardware examination of the patient gives the doctor a clear idea of ​​the cause of bleeding and determines further treatment tactics. The standard examination of a pregnant woman with bleeding includes:

  • clinical blood test;
  • determination of blood group and Rh factor;
  • blood chemistry;
  • blood test for syphilis, HIV, hepatitis;
  • clinical analysis of urine;
  • coagulogram (blood clotting test);
  • Ultrasound of the pelvic organs, preferably transvaginally.

Further additional examinations depend on the identified pathologies. It can be:

  • blood for hCG;
  • hormone analysis;
  • analysis for TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, herpes, cytomegalovirus, rubella);
  • swab for sexually transmitted infections.

Diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy always begins with a chair examination. The doctor can determine the place of attachment of the fetal egg by the type of bloody discharge. Conduct a blood test for hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin hormone) in dynamics. With a healthy pregnancy, the level of the hormone doubles daily, with an ectopic pregnancy - no. Ultrasound is prescribed by the transvaginal method, when the sensor is inserted through the vagina. The method allows you to determine the place of attachment of the fetus. In doubtful cases, culdocentesis is used - a puncture of the posterior wall of the vagina. By the nature of the aspirate (fluid removed during puncture), the doctor can diagnose an ectopic pregnancy.

A doctor determines a frozen pregnancy by collecting and analyzing complaints and anamnesis (how long ago the discharge and other symptoms, concomitant gynecological diseases, the functionality of the reproductive system began). A gynecological examination indicates that the uterus is smaller than it should be at this time. In a blood test for hCG, the indicators are significantly behind the level during a normal pregnancy. With the help of ultrasound, it is determined that the size of the fetus is smaller than expected and there is no heartbeat.

Diagnosis of threatened miscarriage and spontaneous abortion is to collect anamnesis and complaints. Ultrasound shows hypertonicity of the walls of the uterus. With a threat, separate areas of the uterine tone are clearly expressed, with the onset of the abortion process, a contraction of all the walls of the uterus and detachment of the fetal egg are visible. If a miscarriage is suspected, the doctor conducts an examination on a chair with a two-handed vaginal examination, that is, by touch determines the size and tone of the uterus, whether there is a cervical opening.

It is quite easy for a specialist to diagnose a cystic skid. The doctor conducts an examination and ultrasound. On ultrasound, a specialist observes a picture characteristic of a cystic drift. This examination is often enough to make a correct diagnosis.

Treatment of bleeding

The causes of bleeding can be completely different and the consequences can be completely unpredictable, so if bleeding occurs, you should immediately seek medical help.

If the discharge is very slight and not accompanied by pain, you can independently contact the gynecologist of the antenatal clinic, provided that it is nearby. With heavy bleeding, pain, deterioration of health, it is necessary to call an ambulance immediately! Before the arrival of the brigade, you need to lie down, put a pillow or a soft roller under your feet. You can not take any medications, so as not to lubricate the clinical picture. The most dangerous condition that can cause bleeding is an ectopic pregnancy. In this case, every minute counts.

Treatment of uterine bleeding is carried out depending on the causes that caused them. The patient in any case needs rest and strict bed rest.

Therapy with the threat of spontaneous abortion and the initial stage, if there are no deviations in the development of the embryo, is aimed at preserving the fetal egg. The following drugs are prescribed:

  • hemostatic - Dicinon, Tranexam, Vikasol, aminocaproic acid;
  • to reduce the tone of the uterus, antispasmodic drugs - No-shpu, papaverine, magnesium sulfate;
  • progesterone preparations - Utrozhestan, Duphaston;
  • vitamin preparations - MagneB6, folic acid, Iodomarin, vitamin E.

Drugs used to treat bleeding in early pregnancy - gallery

Dicynon is used as a hemostatic drug Tranexam is effective for uterine bleeding Vikasol is prescribed for bleeding of various etiologies No-Shpa is used as an antispasmodic for increased uterine tone Magnesium sulfate is used to relieve spasms, with increased uterine tone Dufaston and Utrozhestan are hormonal drugs that are prescribed for deficiency progesterone A complex preparation for pregnant women with magnesium and vitamin B6 in the composition
Folic acid belongs to the B group of vitamins and is used as a hematopoietic stimulant.

If treatment is started on time and all medical recommendations are followed, pregnancy can most often be saved. Emotional peace, renunciation of sexual life also play an important role in this case. After normalizing the condition of the pregnant woman and stopping the bleeding, the doctor may prescribe a tincture of valerian or motherwort for a sedative effect.

A pregnant woman should eat fully and balanced. In her diet must be food rich in protein - dairy and sour-milk products, meat, liver, eggs, fish. Every day, the expectant mother needs to eat fresh vegetables and fruits, especially those rich in vitamin C - citrus fruits, apples, currants, tomatoes, sweet peppers, zucchini, potatoes, cauliflower. It is very important to include vegetable oils and fatty fish in the diet - to strengthen blood vessels and the harmonious development of a healthy pregnancy.

Of the physiotherapeutic methods, gynecologists prefer electrophoresis with magnesium to reduce the tone of the uterus. For the same purpose, sometimes acupuncture, an electro-relaxator device or endonasal galvanization are used - the impact on certain zones with a galvanic current.

If spontaneous abortion still could not be prevented, an operation is performed - the removal of the remains of the fetus, the uterus is scraped. After surgery, Oxytocin is prescribed - a drug for contracting the walls of the uterus and hemostatic agents. After the operation, antibiotics are indicated to prevent bacterial complications, a course of hormonal and vitamin therapy. During this period, the prescribed drug treatment should not be neglected, otherwise there is a risk of complications in the form of inflammatory processes, which can ultimately lead to the formation of adhesions and infertility.

An ectopic pregnancy is always treated with surgery. Laparoscopy or laparotomy is performed with the removal of the ovum and fallopian tube if it is significantly damaged and the organ cannot be saved. In a cervical ectopic pregnancy, the bleeding is stopped and the embryo is removed. In some cases, it is necessary to remove the cervix and even the uterus itself with the preservation of the appendages.

If bleeding is caused by a frozen pregnancy, then doctors choose the appropriate treatment tactics:

  • observation (may be relevant only for a few days after the death of the embryo) - due to a sharp drop in the level of hCG, the uterus begins to contract and expels the frozen fetus on its own;
  • interruption by medication (can be used up to 8 weeks) - prescribe progesterone antagonists and other drugs that stimulate miscarriage;
  • operation - removal of the fetal egg by scraping the uterine cavity with a curette or vacuum aspiration.

After the operation, a course of antibiotic therapy is carried out, immunomodulators and fortifying agents - vitamins are prescribed.

The treatment of cystic drift also has its own characteristics. In more than 50% of patients, tumor tissue is isolated without medical intervention. Overgrown formations from the uterus are removed by one of the methods:

  • up to 12 weeks, manual removal is performed, and then an instrumental revision of the uterus;
  • up to 20 weeks, the vacuum aspiration method is used. Scraping with a curette is used only for small formations, otherwise there is a risk of perforation (violation of integrity) of the walls of the uterus.

The removed tissues are sent for histological examination. If the cystic drift has a destructive form, especially with severe bleeding, the threat of perforation of the uterus, growth in the vagina, an operation is performed to remove the uterus. After such an operation, a course of chemotherapy is prescribed. For metastases to other organs, radiation therapy is sometimes performed.

Bleeding caused by hormonal changes in the body in the early stages of bearing a child does not require special treatment. In some cases, doctors will prescribe hormonal drugs.

If we talk about alternative medicine, then in addition to tinctures of valerian and motherwort, it is not recommended to drink other herbs, since they are most often ineffective and can even aggravate the situation.

Video - bleeding during pregnancy, therapy

Complications and consequences of uterine bleeding

The most severe complications can be with ectopic pregnancy:

  • pipe rupture - entails severe bleeding into the abdominal cavity, which can be fatal;
  • tubal abortion, when the fetus enters the sterile abdominal cavity, can threaten the development of purulent inflammation of the peritoneum - peritonitis.

The most severe consequence of an ectopic pregnancy is the loss of reproductive organs during surgery and further infertility.

A miscarriage with a belated request for medical help can threaten:

  • large blood loss;
  • inflammatory processes - salpingoophoritis, endometritis;
  • spikes;
  • difficulties with conception and bearing a healthy baby;
  • infertility.

The loss of a child is a huge stress for a woman and it can provoke depression and serious psychological disorders.

Bubble skid is fraught with the following consequences:

  • amenorrhea - absence of menstruation;
  • high risk of complications in childbirth - anomalies of labor, bleeding;
  • sepsis;
  • metastases in malignant course;
  • infertility.

Frozen pregnancy is dangerous with endometritis, the decomposition of a dead fetus can cause peritonitis and sepsis.

Prevention of bleeding in early pregnancy

Pregnancy needs to be planned. Before you think about conceiving a child, you need to undergo a complete examination of the body, eliminate all foci of infection, special attention, of course, should be paid to the health of the reproductive system. During pregnancy, it is necessary to visit a antenatal clinic in a timely manner, undergo regular examinations by a gynecologist, and take the required tests. Be sure to maintain a positive emotional background, walk more often in the fresh air, eat right, drink clean water. It is worth giving up bad habits long before the planned pregnancy. You can not take any medications without a doctor's prescription, and if you have suspicious symptoms, you should immediately contact a gynecologist.