Cystitis during pregnancy: cure and prevent recurrence. Preparations for the treatment of cystitis in pregnant women

Cystitis is a rather serious ailment, often diagnosed in pregnant women. According to medical statistics, about 10% of expectant mothers suffer from inflammation of the bladder. Some even consider this disease a non-specific symptom of an "interesting situation." And yet, it is necessary to get rid of the inflammatory process, only it should be remembered that the treatment of cystitis during early pregnancy must necessarily take place under the strict supervision of a doctor. This will help avoid unwanted consequences.

Causes of the disease

Cystitis is a polyetiological disease, that is, it has several causes. The most common of these is the penetration of pathogens into the bladder. Most often, inflammation provokes Escherichia coli, somewhat less often - staphylococcal bacteria, chlamydia organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pathogenic fungi.

Why is cystitis so widespread during the period of bearing a baby? The risk of infection in expectant mothers is high due to hormonal changes and related changes in the microflora of internal organs. Pathogenic microorganisms can enter the ureter after unprotected intercourse or due to poor hygiene after a bowel movement.

In the first trimester, cystitis often becomes a consequence of a decrease in protective forces. The female body, in order not to reject the fetus, inhibits its own immunity, which can lead to the growth of opportunistic microflora, which is already present in the pelvic organs. In addition, inflammation of the bladder in expectant mothers leads to:

Prolonged use of certain medications that leave the body with urine and irritate the mucous membrane of the urinary tract;

Allergic reactions in sensitive women to detergents, medicines, certain foods, contraceptives, tampons;

Overheating or hypothermia, for example, frequent lying in a bath with hot water worsens the microflora of internal organs, and it is generally strictly contraindicated for pregnant women to supercool.

Stagnation of urine, which occurs due to the relaxation of the bladder, can also cause cystitis. The hormone progesterone reduces the tone of the uterine muscles to prevent miscarriage, but at the same time it relaxes all the smooth muscles in the body. In the third trimester, the likelihood of an illness due to congestion increases due to the compression of the uterus on the bladder.

Can also provoke malaise:

Constant negative emotions, depression, stress;

Uncomfortable underwear, also made of synthetics;

Infections localized in nearby organs;

Constant fatigue.

There are many reasons for the development of cystitis, so it is extremely important to understand the likely "provocateurs" in order to alert in time or even prevent the onset of the disease.

Symptoms of the disease

Inflammation of the bladder most often manifests itself abruptly and unexpectedly for a pregnant woman. Already 2-3 days after exposure to the body of a negative factor (for example, infection), a woman feels pain in the lower abdomen. Almost immediately, other symptoms of the inflammatory process join:

frequent urge to urinate (often deceptive), which is accompanied by its small output and a feeling of overcrowding of the bladder;

Burning in the urinary canals towards the end of the emptying of the bladder;

Turbidity of urine and the appearance of a pungent odor;

The presence of bloody or purulent discharge in urine;

elevated temperature;

Sensation of pressure in the peritoneum, pain in the lower back.

The intensity of pain can be different, it all depends on the severity of the disease and the level of pain threshold in a pregnant woman. Temperature indicators do not always rise, a sharp jump is possible when an infection has joined the inflammation.

Inflammation of the bladder occurs in both acute and chronic forms. Often, it is during the bearing of a child that a relapse occurs, during which the symptoms listed above occur. When the exacerbation passes, the symptoms become less pronounced.

Is cystitis the first symptom of an "interesting situation"?

Such an opinion can often be found among mothers and even some specialists. However, inflammation of the bladder should not be identified with frequent urination, which really indicates an "interesting situation."

Cystitis is an inflammatory process that affects the mucosa of the bladder, and frequent urges to empty the intestines in expectant mothers can also happen for quite objective “non-pathological” reasons, for example:

With conception, the load on the renal pelvis begins to increase, which work with a vengeance;

Due to increased blood and lymph flow in the female body, the kidneys have to filter more fluid.

Normally, the expectant mother with frequent urination does not feel inconvenience and pain, which is typical for the inflammatory process. By week 14, the hormonal background ceases to “fail”, the uterus rises to its place, and the pressure on the bladder gradually stops (up to the 3rd trimester). As a result, women will go to the restroom less often.

Thus, cystitis is not a characteristic symptom of a conception that has occurred, but frequent emptying of the bladder, accompanied by pain, temperature, and other negative signs, should not be ignored. The best decision of the expectant mother will be a visit to the doctor, who will establish the correct diagnosis.

Diagnosis of the disease

Doctors determine the diagnosis based on the complaints of the expectant mother. To confirm cystitis, the patient is sent to important procedures and the study of tests, the main among them is the study of urine. It is by these secretions that the specialist determines the presence of inflammation. And, for example, urine culture establishes a possible infectious source of the disease.

If you suspect an inflammation of the bladder, doctors usually prescribe:

Examination by a gynecologist - a smear of the microflora of the vagina is taken;

Clinical blood test - most often the indicators are normal, only signs of what has begun in the body are found inflammation;

General examination of urine - the diagnostician evaluates the number of red blood cells, with a significant number of them, a conclusion is made about pathological processes in the bladder;

The study of urine according to Nechiporenko is a special test that involves a more in-depth study of urine for red and white blood cells;

Urine culture - determines the causative agents of the disease or pathogenic microorganisms connected to the inflammation, helps to establish the type of antibacterial drugs for treatment, that is, this is the main test for choosing a treatment; 

Ultrasound - is prescribed for a severe course of the disease in order to exclude possible deformations, which often become a consequence of the inflammatory process.

In private medical institutions, women may be offered an accelerated test for cystitis. Express methods allow you to make an accurate diagnosis literally on the day you visit the clinic.

Important! In any case, before diagnostic procedures, a woman needs to wash her vagina to prevent the corresponding secretions from entering the urinalysis.

Is cystitis dangerous?

Yes, the inflammatory process, which is also complicated by infections, can harm women's health and a growing child. The risk is especially increased if the expectant mother is engaged in self-diagnosis and self-therapy, delaying visiting a doctor and hoping for self-healing.

There are only two main complications and undesirable consequences of cystitis during pregnancy:

1. Infectious inflammation can spread to the kidney tissue and cause pyelonerfitis. This disease is characterized by fever, unilateral pain in the lumbar region. If the disease affects both kidneys, then a threat to maternal life begins.

2. In the case of an incorrectly chosen treatment strategy or refusal of therapy, the disease becomes chronic, that is, the symptoms of the disease will occur in a woman for the rest of her life, worsening not only her well-being, but also her mood.

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A neglected ailment that has turned into pyelonephritis is also dangerous for a child. With inadequate functioning of the excretory organs, toxic substances accumulate in the mother's body, poisoning the developing fetus. The result may be a lack of baby weight or premature birth.

That is why, at the slightest concern, the expectant mother should immediately consult a doctor. This will allow you to choose the safest medicines or folk remedies. In addition, the doctor will prompt and recommendations for lifestyle changes.

Medical treatment

How to treat cystitis during pregnancy, only the doctor should decide. Inflammation of the bladder requires a special approach in therapy, since the vast majority of antibiotics, which should defeat infectious pathogens, are contraindicated in women in position.

Most often, doctors prescribe antibacterial drugs for cystitis, and the drug is chosen the one that reaches the highest concentration in the tissues of the bladder. The most effective and harmless antibiotics for the treatment of cystitis in expectant mothers are drugs such as:

- Amoxiclav- a two-component drug whose active substances destroy various pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases of the urinary system. This antibiotic is quite safe, has a minimum of "side effects" and contraindications.

- Monural- Another safe and extremely effective antibiotic. Positive results are visible after the first application of the treatment powder! If the disease has taken a severe form, you will need to use a second bag of medicine.

Another popular "anticystitis" drug is Canephron N in tablets. This remedy contains herbal ingredients that allow you to improve the condition of a pregnant patient in a short time. Canephron N combines well with other medicines, so it is often prescribed in complex treatment. inflammation Bladder.

During the bearing of the baby, the modern method is often used - instillation. In this case, antibiotics are injected through a tube directly into the inflamed organ, which allows you to bypass the systemic blood flow. Of course, such a treatment technique is possible only in stationary conditions.

Folk recipes for cystitis

The most popular "anti-cystitis" plant is, of course, lingonberries. There are ready-made herbal preparations, which include lingonberry, birch, currant leaves, dill, rowan berries and other natural ingredients.

We list the most popular non-traditional methods of treating inflammatory processes localized in the bladder.

1. Pour 4 teaspoons of dried lingonberry leaves with 2 cups of boiled water. Put on a small fire and boil for a quarter of an hour. Then the broth is cooled and a little honey is added to taste. Drink the resulting lingonberry infusion in the first half of the day, 100 ml each.

2. 2 tablespoons of wild rose berries, 2 tablespoons of lingonberry leaves, brew with boiling water and leave for a couple of hours. Then strain the infusion and consume throughout the day, adding a little honey for taste.

3. One part of lingonberry leaves and 3 parts of red rowan fruits are brewed with 200 ml of boiling water, insisted for 3-4 hours and filtered. Use an infusion of 100 ml 3 times a day, adding a little fresh honey to taste.

Treatment of cystitis during pregnancy in the early stages of folk remedies is quite acceptable. However, such methods of treatment are still not a priority. It is also worth understanding that non-traditional recipes should first be agreed with the attending doctor.

Prevention of inflammation of the bladder

Like other ailments, it is better to prevent cystitis during the period of bearing a baby than to deal with it painfully later. Moreover, prevention methods inflammation bladder have long been known and are not very difficult to implement in practice.

1. First of all, even before conception, it is necessary to completely detect running infectious processes and cure them. For example, even caries can provoke the passage of pathogens into the urinary organs.

2. Hygiene is also extremely important. The expectant mother should wash herself daily with warm water, exclude a hot bath, take a shower so that the detergent ingredients do not penetrate the vagina and lead to inflammation.

3. It is also important to choose the right underwear. For example, the so-called thongs are contraindicated because they do not protect a woman from inflammation. It is best to purchase panties of a standard style made of cotton or linen.

4. A woman in position is simply forbidden to supercool. To this end, expectant mothers should avoid prolonged exposure to frost and wear warm clothes in the cold season. Of course, short walks will only benefit.

5. Frequent visits to the restroom are desirable. With regular emptying of the bladder, pathogenic microorganisms are excreted more quickly and cannot actively multiply in the body. Therefore, when urged, a woman does not need to endure.

6. You also need to watch your diet. The consumption of salty and pickled foods is excluded, especially if cystitis had already made itself felt before pregnancy. Coffee and caffeinated drinks are also banned. But a fruit drink of cranberries and lingonberries, a rosehip broth will only benefit.

If the expectant mother works in the office, you need to take care of physical minutes. After half an hour or an hour, you should get up from your chair and walk a little, stretch yourself. This will prevent congestion in the bladder.

So the inflammation bladder is not a disease whose symptoms can be ignored. Treatment of cystitis during early pregnancy at home is carried out with the help of medicines selected by the doctor, folk recipes. The task of the expectant mother is to pay attention to the signs of the disease in time and consult a doctor. Thus, she will save herself and the baby from possible negative consequences.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the inner (mucosal) lining of the bladder. Cystitis can be both an independent disease and a complication of a number of conditions, most often diseases of the genitourinary system. In the vast majority of cases, cystitis is caused by bacteria.

Cystitis is the most common disease of the urinary system. The occurrence of cystitis is the most common reason for visiting a urologist, especially among women!

Cystitis occurs in all age and gender groups, however, the incidence of cystitis in females is much higher than that in men: according to statistics, women suffer from cystitis 3-6 times more often. This is due to the peculiarities of the anatomy of the lower urinary tract and the less extended urethra in women, which contributes to the penetration of bacteria into the lumen of the bladder in an ascending way.

Among certain population groups, women of reproductive age who are sexually active are most susceptible to cystitis. With age, the incidence of inflammation of the bladder becomes much less, and after 70 years it can be found with equal probability in both men and women. In addition, comorbid conditions and diseases also affect the incidence of cystitis, namely:

1. Diabetes.
2. Congenital anomalies in the structure of the urinary system.
3. Immunodeficiency.
4. Pregnancy.

Cystitis among the population is considered to be a kind of fast-flowing disease that does not leave any consequences, the treatment of which does not present any particular difficulties. In fact, in addition to extremely unpleasant symptoms that reduce the quality of life, cystitis can lead to a number of adverse consequences and complications. In itself, the presence of inflammation of the bladder is a sign of a violation of the body's defense mechanisms against the introduction of infection: after all, normally, in a healthy person, the urinary system is sterile. Repeated cases of cystitis lead to structural restructuring of the bladder and ureters, which can subsequently be accompanied by the development of ascending uroinfection, such as pyelonephritis, and this is an extremely dangerous condition. In addition, the relationship between the frequency of inflammation of the bladder and the likelihood of developing cancer of this organ has now been proven!

The pathogenesis of cystitis

There are a lot of known causative factors for the development of cystitis, and in principle they can be divided into two large groups: infectious and non-infectious (see table).

infectious factors	Non-infectious factors
bacteria	Chemical substances
Viruses	hypothermia
Mushrooms	Allergy
Chlamydia and mycoplasmas	Endocrine-metabolic disorders
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Radiation therapy
Poor treponema However, with all the variety of factors, the main cause of the development of cystitis are bacteria that live in nearby organs: the rectum, vagina, large intestine, and also on the skin. Thus, the body's own flora - E. coli, Proteus or Klebsiella - is the most likely culprit in cystitis. According to what scenario does the disease develop? The bladder is a hollow organ that communicates with the external environment through the urethra, or urethra. It is through the urethra in the vast majority of cases that microorganisms enter the bladder. Because women have a shorter urethra than men, they are much more likely to get a bladder infection. However, acute cystitis does not occur in every woman. The thing is that normally the inner surface of the urethra has a very good resistance to bacteria. Substances released by epithelial cells, called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), prevent microorganisms from attaching to the walls of the urethra, and without fixing, microbes are not able to divide and multiply. Thus, bacteria must overcome this protective barrier in order to enter the urethra. This is possible in the following cases: The hormonal background of a woman is changed, as a result of which thinning, wilting of the mucous membrane of the urethra and a decrease in its protective properties are observed. A similar mechanism underlies the so-called. postmenopausal cystitis - a chronic inflammation of the bladder that occurs in menopause and is difficult to treat. In the vagina, which is located in close proximity to the outer part of the urethra, an unusual microflora may develop. Normally, in women, vaginal microorganisms have a pronounced protective effect and do not allow the development of other, pathogenic microbes around them. However, in order for the species composition of the flora to be maintained at a satisfactory level, a good general condition of the organism is necessary, which creates conditions for the normal functioning of this very flora. In some cases, this balance is disturbed. The most common reasons for this are: In women, the occurrence of cystitis in the vast majority of cases is associated with inflammation of the cervix or bacterial vaginosis! Separately, cystitis of pregnant women should be considered, the clinic and treatment of which has its own distinctive features. Cystitis of pregnant women About two out of a hundred pregnant women suffer from cystitis, which can be regarded as a fairly common occurrence. In this category of women, cystitis is a multifactorial disease, in the development of which the following are important: Hormonal reorganization. Mechanical compression of the pelvic vessels by the growing uterus. Systemic circulatory disorders. In general, the mechanism for the development of cystitis in pregnant women is as follows: the growing pregnant uterus presses on the bladder in such a way that the normal evacuation of urine from the bladder is disrupted; in addition, blood stasis occurs, which together sharply reduces the protective properties of the urethral epithelium and contributes to the development of infection. The hormonal background in pregnant women leads to the formation of soft tissue edema (which is visible to the naked eye and is one of the signs of pregnancy), including in the pelvic area. This maintains disturbed circulation throughout pregnancy. In addition, during pregnancy, there is a violation of another phenomenon: the closure of the ureters at the time of urination. Normally, when a person attempts to urinate, the ureters contract in the part in which they communicate with the bladder. This prevents backflow of urine and infection of the kidneys. In pregnant women, due to mechanical reasons (compression of the bladder by the uterus), compression of the ureters does not occur. Therefore, urine infected with various pathogens can rise up the ureters to the kidney itself. In pregnant women, the development of cystitis is dangerous due to the addition of pyelonephritis, so cystitis must be eliminated in a timely manner! Video - Cystitis during early and late pregnancy Clinical manifestations of cystitis in pregnant women In general, the clinic of cystitis in pregnant women does not differ from that in non-pregnant women and consists of the following symptoms: Painful urination (dysuria). The pain is of a burning character. The appearance of blood in the last portion of urine (it can be colored brown) - the so-called. terminal hematuria. Frequent urination (pollakiuria). Persistent desire to urinate, even with an empty bladder. This symptom indicates the developed inflammation in the area of ​​the cystic sphincter. Urination at night (nocturia). This symptom complex is characteristic of any cystitis during its height. Confirmation of the diagnosis is a general urine test, which reveals a large number of leukocytes (pyuria), mucus, bacteria, altered and unchanged erythrocytes, as well as epithelial cells. However, given the high likelihood of developing pyelonephritis during pregnancy, the current strategy for the treatment of pregnant women involves early diagnosis of the development of urinary tract infection, even before the development of clinical symptoms. To do this, all women during pregnancy should regularly take a urine test to detect bacteria in it (bacteriuria). If a pregnant woman has bacteriuria in the amount of more than 10 5 pathogens (even in the absence of clinical manifestations of urinary tract infections), this condition is subject to mandatory treatment! Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women turns into pyelonephritis with a frequency of 20 to 40%, and pyelonephritis, unlike cystitis, can threaten the health of both the mother and the child and requires hospitalization in a therapeutic hospital. This is why early diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria is so important. Treatment of cystitis in pregnant women If we are talking about cystitis of bacterial origin, then antibiotics are the basis for the treatment of this disease. At the same time, the treatment of cystitis in pregnant women has a number of features: The minimum duration of treatment for acute cystitis, according to current recommendations, should be 7 days. Asymptomatic bacteriuria also requires active antibiotic therapy lasting 3-5 days. It is necessary to take into account the negative impact of the drugs used on the fetus.

Cystitis is a disease that often overshadows one of the most pleasant periods in a woman's life - pregnancy. According to statistics, every tenth pregnant woman has experienced this disease. Medicine explains such a prevalence of this pathology among expectant mothers by the structural features of the female body and the hormonal and physiological changes occurring in it during pregnancy. So what is cystitis and how can a pregnant woman cope with this disease without harm to herself and her baby?

What is cystitis during pregnancy?

Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder wall. This is the most common urological disease of infectious and non-infectious origin.

Infectious cystitis can be provoked by opportunistic microflora: staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, etc., as well as pathogens such as chlamydia, ureaplasma, Trichomonas vaginalis, etc.

Lead to non-infectious cystitis: hypothermia, overwork, weakened immunity, intestinal dysbacteriosis and vaginal dysbiosis, irritation of the bladder mucosa with chemicals released through its wall (for example, with uncontrolled medication), damage to the mucosa during medical manipulations, etc.

Cystitis in early pregnancy

Cystitis in early pregnancy can even be called a pattern. It is not uncommon for a woman to find out about pregnancy by accident, turning to a doctor because of an aggravated cystitis. Therefore, experts attribute this disease to conditional signs of pregnancy in the early stages. Why is this happening?

In pregnant women, cystitis often occurs due to hormonal changes and immunosuppression (the natural suppression of the pregnant woman's immunity, which is necessary to prevent immunological rejection of the embryo). Weakened immune protection allows infections to actively multiply, which in turn, getting into the bladder, cause inflammation.

In addition, from the first days of pregnancy, long-standing sores and ailments begin to activate. Therefore, if you have a history of chronic cystitis, then there is a fairly high probability of its recurrence already in the early stages of pregnancy.

Signs of cystitis during pregnancy

There are two forms of cystitis: acute and chronic. Symptoms of acute cystitis include:

• frequent painful urination;
• pain in the lower abdomen (from pulling pain in the lower abdomen and slight soreness at the end of the act of urination to sharp debilitating pain and the inability to hold urine);
• excretion of blood in the urine;
• increase in body temperature.

With an exacerbation of chronic cystitis, the symptoms may be less pronounced and depend on the causes of the disease.

Often the symptoms of cystitis are similar to some other diseases, so at the first manifestations of the disease, you need to contact your doctor to make the correct diagnosis.

How is cystitis diagnosed and treated during pregnancy?

Since there are several causes of cystitis, the doctor will prescribe the following tests for you to make an accurate diagnosis and select the correct treatment.

After the diagnosis is confirmed and the causes of cystitis are established, the gynecologist together with the urologist (the urologist must necessarily take part in the diagnosis and treatment, since this specialist deals with cystitis) prescribes the treatment.

The treatment of pregnant women is complicated by the fact that commonly used drugs cannot be used during pregnancy. However, modern medicine has the ability to help you cope with this disease and bear a healthy baby.

To date, there are antibiotics and preparations based on herbal ingredients that do not harm the health of the mother and child. Also one of the methods of treatment is the instillation of the bladder. This procedure allows drugs to be injected directly into the bladder. In the course of treatment, several such procedures are carried out, which, in turn, eliminate the symptoms of cystitis, restore the bladder wall and prevent possible relapses during pregnancy. Often this is enough to eliminate the symptoms of the disease and subsequent (after childbirth) full treatment.

It must be remembered that the body of each woman is unique and treatment should be individualized. This rule is especially true for pregnant women. In no case should you self-medicate and trust folk remedies, since during this period some drugs (tetracycline antibiotics and sulfonamides), herbs and procedures can be dangerous, and the consequences are irreparable. Therefore, the advice of a girlfriend, mother, grandmother and other “experienced doctors” in your case should be “postponed for later”. Trust your doctor, and if there is any doubt about his competence, then contact another specialist.

Why is cystitis dangerous during pregnancy?

The most important thing in the process of your recovery is a timely visit to the doctor. Ignoring the disease and self-medicating can lead to serious complications: the occurrence (infection of the kidneys), premature obstructed labor or the birth of a child with a low birth weight.

Prevention

In order to avoid this unpleasant disease during pregnancy, you need to follow a few simple rules:

• control your well-being and immediately consult a doctor at the first deviations,
• empty your bladder regularly
• avoid hypothermia,
• drink enough liquid (if there are no contraindications from the doctor),
• engage in physical education (if there are no contraindications from a doctor).

And most importantly, do not be discouraged: a positive attitude can become a very effective weapon in the fight against any ailment.

Especially for- Ksenia Dakhno

Cystitis is an inflammatory process of the bladder and one of the most serious diseases of the genitourinary system. The disease is predominantly characteristic of the female half of the population due to the anatomical features of the structure of the urethra, the female canal is wide and short, which allows the infection to easily get inside. About 50% of women suffer from cystitis during pregnancy, the disease is dangerous with complications not only for the mother, but also for the child, and therefore requires immediate treatment.

The main reason why cystitis develops during pregnancy is the active life of the pathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli - Escherichia coli. Other causative agents of the pathological process are chlamydia, staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and various fungi. The conditions that are created during the period of gestation are the most tempting for such "guests", because during pregnancy the hormonal background changes significantly and the bacterial microflora of the mucous membranes changes, including in intimate areas. Microbes enter the urethra after intercourse with a partner or as a result of non-compliance with hygiene rules after emptying the intestines, of which E. coli is considered a resident.

Factors contributing to the disease:

• weakening of the immune system - inhibition of the body's defenses leads to a fall in barriers and penetration, reproduction of bacteria that in a healthy state already exist on the mucous membranes of the genital organs;
• hypothermia - quite often, cystitis in pregnant women develops after hypothermia or a cold, it is very important that the woman's legs are always warm, it is necessary to protect the lower back, lower abdomen, and external genital area from cold and wind;
• long-term use of drugs - long-term use of drugs whose metabolites are excreted in the urine and cause irritation of the bladder can also provoke cystitis, in addition, such drugs reduce the body's immune system and change the hormonal background;
• allergies - allergic reactions to various environmental factors become the background for the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the urinary tract and bladder, these can be allergies to cosmetics and hygiene products, food products, as well as items for intimate hygiene;
• overheating - when the bladder overheats (taking hot baths, visiting baths and saunas), the composition of the microflora of the mucous membranes may change, this can provoke the development of cystitis in pregnant women;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases of the bladder - with exacerbation of other diseases, the risk of secondary infection increases.

Risk factors for the development of cystitis are supplemented by stressful conditions, wearing tight synthetic underwear, overwork, infectious processes in other organs, especially the organs of the genitourinary system. Cystitis in pregnant women in the later stages can develop as a result of physiological relaxation of the bladder, stagnation of urine, pressure of the enlarged uterus.

Symptoms

Cystitis during pregnancy manifests itself in acute or chronic form. Acute cystitis has a sudden character and pronounced symptoms, most often it develops after hypothermia. The disease passes into the chronic form in the absence of adequate treatment, in which case its signs are sluggish, in certain periods they may not appear at all, but during periods of exacerbation they make themselves felt, in addition, it is much more difficult to get rid of the chronic type.

Signs of acute cystitis

Signs of acute cystitis are caused by an acute inflammatory process that occurs in the bladder and urinary canal.

Main symptoms:

• frequent urge to urinate with the release of a small amount of urine;
• burning and sharp pain during urination;
• false urge to go to the toilet, sensations of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• cloudy urine, blood and pus impurities may be found in the urine;
• increase in body temperature;
• intoxication.

Note! Severe intoxication of the body and fever are direct evidence that the disease has entered a severe stage, it requires medical intervention and the use of adequate treatment.

Why is acute cystitis dangerous? The acute form of the disease poses a threat not only to the health of the mother, but also to the safety of the life of the fetus - the inflammatory process can pass to the kidneys and cause the development of pyelonephritis.

Symptoms of chronic cystitis

Symptoms of cystitis during pregnancy in a chronic form are less pronounced. The main manifestations of the disease are pain during urination, frequent urination, and urine output along with purulent impurities.

The intensity of pain depends on the frequency of urination. A pregnant woman feels pulling pains in the perineum along the path of the urethra. In addition, she may experience general malaise and stress associated with such a condition.

The treatment of chronic cystitis, unlike acute cystitis, does not consist in the use of antibacterial drugs, the therapy is longer and more complex, it is aimed not only at destroying harmful bacteria, but also at normalizing the microflora and strengthening general immunity.

Consequences of pathology

Cystitis during early pregnancy is not as dangerous as in late pregnancy. Moreover, quite often a woman finds out that she is in a position when she is being diagnosed to determine the presence of an inflammatory disease of the bladder. But even cystitis at the beginning of pregnancy often becomes a factor due to which more serious pathological processes will appear if you do not immediately consult a doctor and do not undergo the necessary treatment.

The most dangerous consequence of cystitis during pregnancy is pyelonephritis (an inflammatory process that occurs in the kidneys). Pathogenic bacteria penetrate through the ureters into the kidneys. In pregnant women, the right kidney is predominantly affected. In acute pyelonephritis, a pregnant woman needs to be hospitalized, otherwise such a condition threatens the health of the mother and child. The consequences may be miscarriage, premature birth, fetal weight loss.

Diagnostics

With the development of the first symptoms of cystitis, a woman should definitely consult a doctor, and then undergo a diagnosis. Only after receiving the results, the doctor will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment for the patient.

The main diagnostic measures to detect the inflammatory process of the bladder:

• general urinalysis - in the presence of inflammation in the body, the content of leukocytes increases, and protein is also detected;
• complete blood count - with cystitis in pregnant women, the ESR increases;
• Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder - the method is necessary to determine the state of the urinary system;
• bacteriological analysis of urine - allows you to identify and determine the causative agent of the infectious process.

Note! It is necessary to correctly select urine for general and bacteriological studies in order for the result to be reliable. For analysis in the morning, the middle part of the urine is collected in a sterile jar, it must be given to the laboratory in one and a half to two hours.

Treatment

Cystitis in the first trimester of pregnancy and later can be treated only with those drugs that are absolutely not harmful to the life and health of the expectant mother and fetus. It is necessary to be especially careful with regard to antibacterial drugs, but not only antibiotics, but also drugs for other purposes can only be prescribed by a doctor; in no case should you conduct independent therapy. Tetracyclines and sulfonamides are highly contraindicated for pregnant women; antibiotics of such groups can harm the developing fetus.

Antibacterial therapy

The main antibacterial drugs for the treatment of cystitis are Monural and Amoxiclav, these tablets and powder are approved for use while carrying a child and do not adversely affect either the mother or the developing fetus. Monural and Amoxiclav are medicines for cystitis during pregnancy of a new generation, they quickly relieve symptoms and stop pain.

Monural is the most effective - 1 sachet of powder is enough to eliminate soreness. Amoxiclav treatment lasts from 5 to 14 days. Any drug can be chosen as the first choice medicine, after an antibiotic, the doctor must prescribe medicines to a pregnant woman that will remove the full volume of urine from the bladder, normalize the microflora of the mucous membranes, and also increase overall immunity.

Kanefron

Kanefron is a highly effective natural remedy of plant origin, it is often prescribed to pregnant women for the treatment of cystitis, the active substances of the drug not only stop the symptoms, but also eliminate the cause of the disease. The drug has practically no contraindications, is easily tolerated by patients who are in position, and does not harm the fetus.

The action of the drug Kanefron:

• normalizes the work of the bladder and kidneys;
• enhances the action of antibacterial drugs and prevents the development of infections;
• promotes relaxation of the vessels of the urinary tract, which ensures the unimpeded removal of excess fluid from the body of a pregnant woman and relieves swelling;
• improves blood supply to the kidneys;
• has an antispasmodic effect.

Treatment of cystitis during pregnancy with Kanefron in a short time helps to alleviate the general condition and reduce the symptoms of cystitis and other infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary system. The drug also has a preventive effect and prevents the development of urolithiasis.

Folk remedies

What should a pregnant woman do to get rid of cystitis? The answer to the question lies in the recipes of traditional medicine, but it should be understood that folk remedies for cystitis during pregnancy should be allowed by the attending physician.

The main folk remedy that helps to eliminate the inflammatory process in the bladder is cranberries. Cranberries contain beneficial substances and acids that kill E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria. Frequent use of cranberry fruit drinks contributes to the oxidation of the environment in the stomach, bacteria become unable to hold on to the mucous membrane and are excreted from the body. Note! It is advisable to use fruit drinks warm, red currants also have similar properties, lingonberries can be added to the drink.

What can pregnant women with cystitis to get rid of it:

• Rosehip root (2 tablespoons), crushed, pour a glass of boiled water, boil using a water bath, and leave for 15-25 minutes. Strain before drinking, drink 3 times a day for ½ cup, after thirty minutes you can eat.
• Red rowan berries and lingonberry leaves are taken in a ratio of 3: 1, poured with 1 glass of boiling water, insisted for two to three hours and filtered. Take this infusion 30 minutes before meals, the dose is 100 milliliters 3 times a day. You can add a spoonful of honey to the glass.
• Blackcurrant has an anti-inflammatory effect. To prepare the medicine, take 6 tbsp. l. crushed leaves of the plant and pour 1 liter of boiling water, you need to insist for at least an hour. It is allowed to add honey or sugar to the finished broth. Take a decoction five to six times a day, the dose is 1 tablespoon.
• To prepare the next medicine, pour a tablespoon of dill herb with 1.5 cups of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Drink before meals 30 minutes, the dosage is one third of a glass.
• It is useful for pregnant women to take oatmeal, it is very simple to prepare it - you should take a glass of oats and pour 2 glasses of freshly boiled water, then boil again in a water bath, boil until the volume is reduced by half. You can add honey to the prepared broth, take the medicine ½ cup, the dosage regimen is three times a day.

Folk remedies have been used since ancient times, this is an effective and safe way, recognized even by official medicine. Please note that most medicines for the treatment of cystitis, with the exception of antibiotics, are of plant origin. But, despite this, even herbal decoctions cannot be used without notifying the attending physician. The doctor must be aware of all the means and drugs that a pregnant woman takes. Moreover, before taking any medication, you need to make sure that there is no allergy.

Prevention

Now you know how to treat cystitis during pregnancy, but how to prevent the development of the inflammatory process of the bladder? For a woman who is expecting a child, the disease is easier and better to prevent rather than eliminate.

Prevention of cystitis during pregnancy should be started even before the conception of the child. When planning a child, the expectant mother should definitely undergo a complete medical examination and eliminate all medical problems, if any, are found. Chronic infections should be treated before pregnancy occurs. Even neglected caries or tonsillitis can subsequently become the main causes of cystitis in a pregnant woman, as well as cause infections of other internal organs.

You can not bypass the side of preventive measures that concerns the personal hygiene of the expectant mother. A woman needs to wash daily with warm water with pH-neutral detergents, it is even better to carry out a similar procedure in the morning and evening. But it is forbidden for pregnant women to take hot baths, this will avoid overheating and the ingress of detergents and bacteria into the genitals.

Pregnant women should be attentive to their health and immunity, it is necessary to eat more vitamins, strengthening the protective functions of the body, and avoid hypothermia and colds.

Nutrition

Prevention of an infectious-inflammatory disease also includes the choice and adherence to a diet. Nutrition should be rational and include healthy foods. Low-fat varieties of fish and meat, dairy and sour-milk products, vegetables and fruits in fresh, stewed and baked form are useful. But fried, salty, smoked and spicy dishes from the menu will have to be excluded.

You should follow the drinking regime, it should be plentiful. You can drink water, decoctions and teas, fruit drinks. It is forbidden to consume alcohol, carbonated drinks, citrus juices, coffee and drinks containing caffeine.

As a result of heavy drinking, expectant mothers will visit the toilet more often, and rightly so - even if there is no urge to go to the toilet, you should go to the toilet every 2-3 hours, this will ensure the unhindered removal of excess fluid and bacteria from the body.

Cystitis occurs in pregnant women quite often, and if we take into account the statistics, then every tenth expectant mother who had to deal with pathologically frequent urination, accompanied by pain and pain, turns to doctors with such a problem. The disease usually develops at the beginning of pregnancy. Many doctors even refer to it as an indirect sign of an "interesting situation." The fact is that at this time the woman's body is undergoing global restructuring. The hormonal background changes, the immune system begins to work differently. And any infection that has entered the urethra can develop quite rapidly under such conditions.

Treatment of cystitis during pregnancy is complicated by the fact that not all drugs a woman can take, especially when it comes to potent antimicrobial or antibacterial agents. In the instructions for most drugs, this provision is on the list of contraindications. What to do in such situations and what can be done to successfully combat the inflammatory process? Let's consider in order.

Clinical picture with cystitis

The key to successful treatment is timely seeking medical help. The earlier the disease is detected, the easier it is to deal with it. Symptoms of cystitis during pregnancy differ little from its signs in other cases:

• frequent urination;
• cloudy urine, and sometimes with blood impurities;
• pain and burning during urination;
• discomfort in the pelvis;
• increase in body temperature;
• weakness.

Some of the symptoms of cystitis in pregnant women are initially normal. For example, this position is often characterized by increased fatigue, frequent urination, especially in the later stages. But, if a woman notices that the composition of the urine has changed, there are signs of inflammation, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible. It is important to understand how dangerous such a disease is, that in the absence of therapy it can cause complications, in particular pyelonephritis, cause premature birth or fetal pathologies. It is not worth delaying the appeal to the doctor.

Regardless of the cause of cystitis during pregnancy, especially in the acute course of the disease, doctors recommend the following:

• bed rest;
• drinking plenty of water if the woman does not have edema;
• a diet that excludes salty, sour, spicy.

Sedentary baths, which involve the use of not hot, but warm liquids, will also be quite effective, so they will not cause harm. As a basis, it is better to take decoctions of chamomile, calendula, sage. They will be very helpful in this situation. Such treatment of cystitis during pregnancy is not enough for a complete recovery, but the procedures help relieve symptoms. The main thing is to do baths correctly. The temperature of the liquid should be approximately 38 degrees, the duration of the procedure is 10 minutes. The depth of the container should be such that the liquid reaches the navel. More detailed information about the baths will be provided by the doctor, so there will be no problems.

Continuing to talk about how to treat cystitis during pregnancy, herbal teas and infusions should not be missed. For example, lingonberries, the dried leaves of which are sold in many pharmacies, may be useful. There are other options your doctor may recommend:

• chamomile flowers;
• bearberry leaves;
• dog-rose fruit;
• birch buds;
• herb St. John's wort or knotweed.

You also need to be careful with herbs, because they sometimes have a rather strong effect on the body, and not always it is beneficial for the pregnant woman and the fetus. Without consulting a doctor, you should not make yourself an appointment and self-medicate.

Treatment of complex forms of cystitis during pregnancy

If the results of the tests showed that the cause of inflammation of the bladder is a bacterial or fungal infection, it will not be possible to do without the use of drugs. The main task of the doctor is to prescribe pills for cystitis during pregnancy, which will cause minimal harm to the body of the expectant mother and baby. Here drugs will be selected where such a condition is a relative contraindication, and they can be prescribed when the benefit to the woman outweighs the potential harm.

For bacterial infection of the bladder, the following drugs are most often recommended:

• Monural is a strong antibiotic, but its beauty lies in the fact that it is taken once. Such a medicine is prescribed quite often;
• Amoxiclav - shows good results, including in the treatment of pregnant women.

If the patient's condition is not too serious, the doctor may recommend a herbal preparation, such as Canephron. There are many positive reviews about their treatment. Due to the fact that the medicine is made from natural ingredients, it does not cause serious harm to the body of a woman and a child. The effectiveness of the tool is quite high.

When there is a fungal infection that caused inflammation of the bladder, the use of suppositories is most often recommended. Candles have a local effect, cause minimal harm to the fetus. Of the most common names, we note:

• Betadine;
• Hexicon;
• Methyluracil.

The duration of therapy is determined individually, as well as the frequency of application of suppositories. Here you need to be careful for women prone to allergies. For example, Betadine contains povidone-iodine, which can cause an allergic reaction.

The safest procedure for treating cystitis

If cystitis occurs during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester or earlier, when the fetus is just developing, doctors may recommend instillation (washing) of the bladder using special antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. The advantages of the procedure are as follows:

• the active components of the drugs used penetrate directly into the bladder, do not harm the woman's body and the fetus;
• due to the local effect on the focus of inflammation, the symptoms disappear quickly enough;
• the choice of drugs for such a procedure is quite wide.

The minus of the procedure is only in the uncomfortable sensations that it can cause.

Of course, only a doctor can tell how to treat cystitis during pregnancy. He will compare the complexity of the situation with the general health of the expectant mother and baby, and will find the optimal and safest solution. It is also important to follow the recommendations regarding the dosage of drugs and the duration of the course of treatment. Under no circumstances should they be violated. Smaller doses will make therapy ineffective and may lead to complications. The increased dosage causes a number of side effects.