Softly draped dress fabrics. Name of different types of fabrics

Stretch fabrics - universal beauty

Elastic, well-stretched fabric is always in the trend of the fashion industry. Clothing made of this material elegantly fits the figure, and when draped, it forms soft, beautifully flowing folds. Consider the main types of elastic fabrics, their properties, features of tailoring and care.

Most modern textile materials cannot boast of special elasticity and extensibility. But it is precisely these qualities that are necessary for bathing and sports suits, stockings and tights, underwear and many other items of clothing. Even some 70 years ago, the problem seemed almost insoluble.

But in the mid-1950s, a solution was found: the leading specialists of the American DuPont concern obtained a fiber with unique properties. The new material acquired the name "spandex", which was formed by rearranging the letters in the word "to expand" - to stretch. In Europe, this fabric is often referred to as elastane or lycra.

Spandex fiber is formed by flexible polyurethane fragments interconnected by so-called "bridges" - rigid bonds. It is they who do not allow the particles to disperse and determine the elasticity and elasticity of the material.

As an independent fabric, elastane, or elastic, as the manufacturers themselves say, is practically never found, but its addition to natural, artificial or synthetic fabrics gives them new characteristics. The most significant advantages are the following:

• elasticity and resilience. The canvas not only stretches wonderfully, but also returns to its original shape;
• strength and wear resistance. It is estimated that the introduction of Lycra fibers into the fabric prolongs its service life by almost two times;
• resistance to external influences. Materials do not fade in the sun, do not collapse in salt water and do not lose their color;
• crease resistance. Products with elastane do not require ironing;
• pollution resistance. Stains from the surface of the fabric are easily washed off with water.

It is also important that, being inherently 100% synthetic, spandex does not reduce the breathability of natural materials at all. In clothes made of cotton, linen, silk or wool with the addition of lycra, the skin still “breathes” freely.

Interesting fact! Perhaps the only thing that spandex is afraid of is chemicals, especially chlorine compounds. It has been noticed that after frequent visits to pools with chlorinated water, the fabric of swimsuits becomes thinner and loses its color. To prevent this from happening, immediately after swimming, thoroughly rinse the clothes in running water and dry them.

Attachment that changes the properties of fabrics

So, almost any fabric can be made more elastic and stretchy. At the same time, many manufacturers do not even try to come up with names for new materials, but simply add the prefix "stretch", which in English means "stretchy", "stretchy".

Depending on how elastic the new canvas should be, the proportion of elastane is from 2 to 30% of the mass of the main fiber. And depending on the composition of the main tissue, the following types of stretching matter are distinguished:

• stretch cotton. It is used when tailoring summer shirts, trousers, dresses, blouses, sundresses and other products. Differs in good aeration and hypoallergenicity;
• stretch linen. The addition of a small amount of lycra allows you to get rid of the main problem of linen fabrics - strong creasing;
• stretch denim. Especially relevant for women's jeans, which should fit perfectly on the figure;
• stretch silk. This material successfully combines the brilliance and beauty of silk threads with the strength and elasticity of elastane. Most often used for underwear, bedding or evening wear;
• stretch wool. Skirts or trousers made of such fabric not only fit the figure, but are also very practical - they do not wrinkle when constantly sitting on a chair or in a car seat;
• stretch velvet. Luxurious fabric for creating evening dresses or wedding dresses;
• stretch satin. Shiny durable material with a large palette of colors and shades. From it, carnival costumes or clothes for theatrical performances are most often sewn;
• stretch jacquard. Due to the presence of lycra, the fabric becomes more durable and resistant to mechanical damage, which allows it to be used for the manufacture of upholstery for upholstered furniture, car covers, as well as women's and men's outerwear.

Interesting fact! It turns out that spandex is successfully used not only in the textile industry, but also in the medical industry. Elastic bandages, bandages, compression garments and a variety of bandage retainers are made with this unique material.

Material types

Fabrics with the addition of lycra at first glance do not differ from ordinary ones. However, after applying the effort, it becomes clear what type of stretch materials they belong to.

According to the method of production, elastic fabrics are divided into two groups:

1. Two-dimensional spandex, or mono-stretch. In them, lycra is added either to the main or to the weft thread. They can only stretch in one direction.
2. 4D spandex, or bi-stretch. Both threads are subject to improvement here, so the fabric stretches perfectly both in length and in width.

Elastic fibers are matte or shiny, transparent or translucent. These properties are used when it is necessary to give the material a gloss or, on the contrary, to make it more invisible.

Briefly about the most common stretch fabrics

Stretch fabrics look very presentable. In addition, they are very comfortable and practical. The most famous include the following.

The name of this knitted material is translated as "stretching in both directions." Indeed, his canvas can increase in size by 300%.

The advantages of supplex include its strength, stability of saturated colors, unpretentiousness in care. The fabric absorbs moisture well and dries quickly. It has good thermal conductivity, so it will be comfortable in supplex clothes even in hot weather.

The main application of the material is the tailoring of swimwear, stage and carnival costumes, sportswear. Very often there is supplex with various decorative effects: shimmering, holographic or matte.

This beautifully stretchy synthetic fabric goes by many names. Manufacturers call it “knitwear-sport”, and athletes and gymnasts themselves call it “second skin”.

In addition to lycra, the composition of the material contains polyester, which gives it strength, and viscose, thanks to which the canvas shines and shimmers like satin or silk. Sometimes a small amount of cotton is allowed to increase the air conduction and hygienic properties.

There are two types of fabric: microdiving, which makes beautiful T-shirts, summer dresses, sundresses and blouses, and diving stretch, used for tailoring slimming underwear and sportswear. Clothing made from these materials is in high demand among the fair sex, since it can not only give the figure a beautiful silhouette, but also visually "remove" a few kilograms.

Jersey

Thanks to the famous Coco Chanel, knitted fabric, from which only underwear was sewn, began to be used to make elegant dresses, suits and even coats. The composition of the material can be varied: as a rule, it includes both natural and synthetic fibers.

A distinctive feature of jersey is a significant elasticity on the base: without increasing in length, the canvas stretches well in width. The fabric drapes beautifully, forming pleasant soft folds. Recently, homemade dressing gowns and pajamas, clothes for children have been sewn from it.

Kulirka and ribana

The two most common knitted fabrics that stand out for their high elasticity. Both materials contain exclusively cotton fibers, to which up to 5% lycra is added.

Fabrics not only stretch well, but are completely safe and hypoallergenic. In addition, they perfectly absorb moisture and do not interfere with aeration. The combination of such wonderful properties makes cooler and ribana the main "children's" materials. From them sew clothes for babies from birth.

Both varieties of knitwear have sufficient strength and resistance to mechanical damage. With proper care, they retain their elasticity and beautiful appearance for a long time.

Unfortunately, among the many advantages that stretch materials are generously endowed with, there are also negative qualities. In particular, elastic fabrics are very capricious when sewing. To make the process of creating a new product enjoyable, you need to use the recommendations of professional craftswomen:

1. When cutting, do not stretch the canvas. It is best to attach the pattern to the fabric using tailor's tape, which will prevent it from "jumping off".
2. Stretch materials should not be cut in two layers. They can move, and the part will turn out to be a curve.
3. For sewing it is necessary to use special elastic threads. To prevent the fabric from crawling out from under the foot, it is easiest to place thin paper or newspaper under it.
4. Often in the finished product, the hangers move down the arms. You can prevent this by sewing pieces of interlining or braid into the shoulder seams.
5. It is best to process the edges with an overlock or a zigzag attachment. If the fabric does not crumble, then the seams can be left as is.

It is important to know! Another disadvantage of elastic materials, especially with a natural base, is a high degree of shrinkage during washing. To protect yourself from this trouble as much as possible, the canvas should be washed in cool water twice before cutting. This pretreatment is called decating in tailor's parlance.

Caring for stretch fabrics

Before washing or cleaning, you must carefully read the descriptions on the label. In general, the requirements for various stretch materials can be listed in the form of the following rules:

• hand washing is best. When machine washing, use only the delicate setting. The water temperature should not exceed 300C;
• elastane fibers do not tolerate aggressive chemicals, so you should use liquid products and do without bleach;
• it is impossible to twist, and even more so squeeze the products, so as not to destroy the fibers. It is best to hang clothes on hangers over the bath and let the water drain;
• Dry things better in the shade, away from direct sunlight. After the first wash, it is advisable to put new clothes on the mannequin when wet to avoid shrinkage;
• stretch fabrics most often do not need ironing. However, if such a need arose, then the iron is not driven over the fabric, but carefully rearranged so as not to stretch it unnecessarily. In this case, the regulator should be in the “synthetics” or “silk” position;
• Stretch fabrics should not be steamed as this will shrink them.

Following these simple rules, you can keep products made of stretchy materials in excellent condition for a long time. Tracksuits and swimwear, ball and casual dresses, hosiery and home textiles will delight with the brightness of colors, soft silky texture and high performance.

Today, the market is simply overflowing with such products as fabrics. Sometimes for self-tailoring it is very difficult to choose the material that would be ideally suited. It is very important to know more definitely the properties and composition of a certain matter when you purchase a finished product. Let us consider in more detail the main properties of tissues.

It is also important to know where to apply them, why they are used most often when sewing various kinds of textiles.

Main types of fabrics

• Openwork. To obtain an openwork fabric, cotton, silk or wool can be used. It has a relief ornament. Often involved in the manufacture of wedding, carnival or holiday dresses. Openwork is also actively used to create decorations or accessories.
• Alpaca. This type of woolen fabric is characterized by its lightness and natural color. It is characterized by the presence of 22 natural shades and there are colored options. Alpaca has a silky sheen. This is a fabric with a sheen, or as it is called a shiny fabric.
• Angora. This type of wool is obtained from the down of angora rabbits. The production of the fabric is based on the use of non-100% angora yarn. Acrylic plays an important role in the obtained properties of matter. The reason is that the Angorka climbs a lot. But, despite the significant addition of acrylic, this fabric should not be washed or even wet. Cleaning should be by chemical or mechanical means. Can be used for cross stitch. In the photo - fabric for sewing pongee dresses:
• Atlas. Satin weave material based on silk or linen. The surface of matter emits shine and smoothness. Atlas is actively involved in the production of dresses and blouses and decorative elements. Its popularity is constantly growing when used during upholstery and curtains.
• Aflagen. For those who want to get a stylish and sophisticated coat, you need to use this particular material. Aflagen is a woolen fabric with stripes of different colors alternating one after another.
• Velvet. This type of fabric can be made from silk, and its front surface has a short pile. As for the color scheme, velvet can be made in one color or have an ornament. It is actively used as a finishing material.
  
• Batiste. It is actively used in the manufacture of women's blouses and underwear. The main characteristics of the fabric can be considered lightness and density. Most often it is transparent or with lace.
• Supplex. For this type of matter, the elasticity is 200–300%. It contains elastane. Actively used in the production of swimwear, leggings, sportswear. you will find a detailed description of supplex fabric.
  
• Boston. This is a one-colored fabric based on pure wool and ribbed fabric, which are located at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal thread. The fabric is characterized by high wear resistance and uniform density. It is used for tailoring workwear.
• Velveteen. This version of cotton fabric is obtained from fine yarn. There is a pile on its surface, and the location of the pile scars occurs along the warp thread. Effective suits, coats, jackets are made from velveteen. It is also called costume fabric.
• Vichy. Checkered fabric in two colors. The main color is white. I use it when sewing shirts for men, tablecloths and other decorative elements.
• Volta. Silky fabric based on cotton yarn. Its texture is similar to cambric. Volta can be with a printed image or made in a solid color. Actively used in the manufacture of products for the summer.
• Veil. It is a smooth, elastic and translucent material. Its surface can be smooth-colored or finely patterned. It is used in the process of decorating women's dresses, and is also used to make curtains.
  
• Gabardine. A type of woolen fabric that is characterized by high elasticity. On its surface there are convex intersecting scars. Due to its high density, gabardine is used in the manufacture of outerwear. You can read about the properties of gabardine fabric.
• Gas. This is the general name for transparent and finest silk fabrics. Used for the production of scarves, kerchiefs and finishing elements.
  
• Worsted. Fabric, on the surface of which there is a double-sided pattern. Receive it from low-grade cotton. The main characteristics are roughness and density. Used in the manufacture of home and work clothes.
• Guipure. Fabric, the surface of which is represented by repeating woven fragments. They can be made from silk or cotton fibers.
• Damascus. This option is a combination of silk or cotton fabric with satin. It is used to create decorative details and when sewing lingerie.
  
• Damask. Non-stretch fabric with a vegetal pattern. It is used when sewing corsets.
• Drap. For such a woolen mother, a characteristic high density and heaviness. Weaving is one and a half layer or two layer, and the surface is represented by felt-like covering. The most popular varieties of drape are ratin, castor, velour, smooth drape.
• Jacquard. Matter, on the surface of which there is a complex pattern. It is obtained by weaving on a weaving tank using a special technology. Jakarade is a large-patterned fabric. you can see the description of the jacquard with a photo.
• Interlock. Cotton-based knitted fabric with two smooth surfaces. It has excellent extensibility, and after deformation it can return to its original shape. Provides excellent breathability. Uses interlock in the manufacture of T-shirts, T-shirts and children's clothing. Follow the link to read more about what kind of interlock fabric.
• Cashmere. Such material is distinguished by its lightness. Cashmere can be semi-woolen, woolen, cotton and silk. It is an excellent option for making warm dresses and light coats.
  
• Kulirka. Knitted fabric based on cotton, with a minimum thickness. Its front side is represented by diagonal pigtails. It can only expand in width. The main advantages of the cooler are lightness and hygroscopicity. It is used for tailoring casual clothes for children. Read in detail what kind of cooler fabric.
• Lame. This version of matter is very similar to the atlas. It is obtained from silk and has bright showy threads. The wrong side of the lamé resembles crepe, and the front side has overflow and shine.
• Linen. Matter, which is based on flax fibers. It is breathable, and items sewn from linen are a great option for hot weather.
  
• Maya. The material for the production of which cotton is used. Maya is characterized by lightness, breathability, translucency and a porous surface. It has a moire effect, low density and a printed pattern. In the photo - fabric for tailoring furniture:
  
• Marlevka. Cotton fabric, the thickness of which is less than cambric. It has a slight squeezed effect. An excellent material for the manufacture of shirts and blouses, which are important to wear in the summer.
• ombre. Fabric based on natural or viscose silk with longitudinal lines. In some cases, ombre may have a pattern. It is used in the manufacture of ties and clothing for women, sometimes synthetic materials are added.
  
• Organdy. A material on the surface of which there is a finely patterned weave. The organdy is based on viscose silk. Matter is characterized by its lightness and transparency (transparent fabric). They are used as finishing elements and when sewing dresses for girls.
• Patriot. Material shown as grey. During the production process, the fibers of black and white were crumpled. Involved in the tailoring of suits and shirts for men.
  
• Poplin. Natural matter, characterized by high density. Its front surface is covered with a small scar. The reason is that the warp threads are made of a denser material. Silk poplin is a great solution for tailoring elegant dresses. You can see reviews of poplin fabric.
• Cloth. High density matter. It is obtained during felting, as a result of which such a high density is achieved. Used in the process of tailoring various outerwear.
  
• Taffeta. This material should be familiar to those who showed off at some event in a beautiful ball gown. The silk veil looks good. It is for these purposes that taffeta is used. This material is thin, smooth and silky.
• Tweed. High density wool fabric. Its manufacture is based on the use of thick untwisted yarn with the addition of multi-colored fibers, dead hair or neps. Thanks to this composition, it is possible to give the fabric a decorative effect. The surface of tweed can be absolutely any. This is a great solution for those who decide to purchase a coat, suit or dress based on it.
  
• tulle. This is a mesh material, which is based on nylon, polyester and nylon. Used for sewing skirts and petticoats. Sometimes used to make a veil.
• Flannel. The material has a soft surface, on both sides of which there is a notch. To obtain it, cotton and wool are used. Used for making coats and suits.
  
• Interlining. Adhesive web, which is characterized by high rigidity, elasticity, wear resistance and strength. It contains cotton and nylon threads. They are used when laying in separate parts in order to give femininity.
  
• Silk. Natural matter, assuming the presence of artificial and natural fibers. To obtain artificial fibers, collodion dissolved in alcohol with ether is used. Natural fibers are extracted from the silkworm cocoon. Can be used for sewing parachutes.
  
• Wool. This type of matter can be obtained from the yarn of such animals:
  • sheep;
  • goats;
  • a rabbit;
  • camel
  • dogs.

  To date, there are no products carved from pure wool. In the process of obtaining matter, other fibers are added to the yarn to give strength and elasticity. One variety of this material is worsted wool. It is actively used for the manufacture of billiard cloth, so that the playing surface becomes even and smooth. Often used in the manufacture of sailing material, but only in combination with other materials.

• Chiffon. A thin material based on silk and cotton fibers. Chiffon is characterized by translucency, so it is used when sewing scarves, blouses and summer dresses.
• Pongee. Matter, on the main side of which there is a spongy surface. For its formation, the threads are twisted into knots, loops. There are silk, semi-silk and cotton pongee.
  

The choice of material is a very responsible task, especially if its acquisition is associated with tailoring. Not only your appearance, but also comfort will depend on the option you choose. Therefore, try to carefully study the composition and properties of the matter that you want to use for sewing products.

Video

This video will tell you about different types of fabrics.

Complex models of skirts and dresses are made of dimensionally stable materials that will preserve the lines of the silhouette. The fabric should be moderately stiff and dense, but not heavy, because a large consumption of material for a fluffy skirt can turn the product into unbearable armor.

In addition, hard ones are used to create stable forms, such as. The material acts as a frame, does not allow light fabrics to change shape and facilitates leg movements.

Small details that decorate the model (collars, for example) are additionally reinforced with doubler or interlining to improve the dimensional stability of the fabric. Let's take a closer look at the materials that will help bring the most daring silhouettes to life.

Fabric for dresses and skirts

It is believed that the skirt as a garment evolved from a simple loincloth. To hide the body, any material was suitable - even a woven fabric, even an animal skin. Later this item of clothing became an integral part of a woman's dress, so we will consider dimensionally stable fabrics for sewing skirts and dresses in one section.

The sun skirt is elegant and original

Dress materials should be practical, wear-resistant, as well as aesthetic. Such an outfit is allowed to be worn absolutely in any cases - to work, to a celebration, to a social reception (choosing the appropriate models). It is desirable that the skirt in which you have to sit does not wrinkle and retain an attractive drapery. That is why it is so important to choose resistant, reliable textiles to create an outfit.

The sun skirt is a very interesting model, which is also found in dresses. If you look at the pattern from above, it resembles a circle with a cutout in the center for the waist. When sewn, the skirt falls in free folds, hides the lines of the hips, and expands downwards. Models made of rigid fabrics form persistent romantic folds, as if the product is held on a crinoline or special rings.

Atlas

Smooth, elegant fabric with a sheen, quite heavy and dense, and therefore dimensionally stable. Traditionally made from . There are options with cotton and viscose in the composition, as well as synthetic fibers. Such a mixed one is considered more affordable, but of lower quality.

Material advantages:

• strength;
• tear resistance;
• hygroscopicity;
• durability.

Spectacular skirts, evening and wedding dresses, as well as linen and are sewn from satin. Satin with the addition of synthetic fibers can stretch over time, so you need to pay attention to the label with the detailed composition.

Viscose

Material Features:

• drapes;
• softly fits the figure;
• practically does not wrinkle;
• hides figure flaws.

A huge number of different clothes are sewn from georgette: suits, dresses and much more.

Suede

Suede holds its shape well

It is a textile analogue of genuine leather of special dressing with the same name. The manufacturing method is simple: a prepared pile is glued onto a woven base (it covers the material from the wrong side and from the front side).

Also among the advantages of the material can be called:

• and does not sit down;
• perfectly keeps its shape;
• does not absorb moisture;
• pollution resistance.

Spectacular dresses, trousers, skirts, as well as shoes and various accessories are made from suede. The material is considered humane and safe because the production of textiles does not require the use of the skin of living beings.

Crepe

Crepe is not just a certain type of fabric, it is a whole group of textiles made of highly twisted threads, often interconnected by a special crepe weave. There are crepe de chine, crepe chiffon, crepe georgette, crepe satin and many other varieties. The material is made from silk, cotton, wool, artificial and synthetic fibers.

Advantages:

• density;
• wear resistance;
• drape;
• does not wrinkle;
• retains its shape.

Suits and dresses of various styles, as well as kimonos, are made from crepe.

Organza

Silk organza keeps its shape perfectly

Airy, refined material. it is matte and shiny, it is decorated with etching, printing and embroidery. The main feature of the fabric is rigidity and extraordinary dimensional stability, despite the external delicacy. Organza is made from tightly twisted threads of silk, viscose or polyester.

Positive properties of the fabric:

• does not wrinkle;
• high strength;
• transmits light and air;
• does not deform;
• very durable.

Due to its transparency and rigidity, organza is rarely used on its own to create clothes. Most often, it plays the role of inserts, trim elements, and is also used over a cover or lining.

eco-leather

A wonderful material that does not require any sacrifice in the animal kingdom. - a two-layer fabric, to create it, a woven fabric is coated with a polymer layer. The surface of the material is painted and decorated with prints that imitate the texture of natural leather. The basis can be cotton and polyester.

Among the many advantages of the material are:

• strength;
• elasticity;
• wear resistance;
• breathability.

In addition, the material retains the shape it is given, it does not stretch or rub. Interesting skirts and dresses are sewn from eco-leather (the material is used independently, and other fabrics are also decorated with it).

Petticoat fabric

Taffeta

Traditionally used as linings and petticoats. Like organza, it is a stiff fabric with a glossy sheen. It is made from fibers tightly twisted into threads. Taffeta is made from silk, cotton, viscose and polyester. Several types of fabric are produced: plain, printed, chanzhan, tapestry.

Advantages of taffeta:

• repels moisture;
• good resistance to tearing;
• does not rub;
• forms and maintains rigid folds.

Lush dresses for weddings and other celebrations, skirts and blouses, home decor items are sewn from taffeta.

tulle

The petticoat helps the skirt keep its shape and not get in the way.

In order for the skirt to maintain a magnificent silhouette, and the owner to feel like a princess from a fairy tale, tulle petticoats are used. The material is a thin rigid mesh with small cells, perfectly supports the upper layers of the fabric and does not allow the matter to get underfoot.

Tulle belongs to a special group of fabrics formed by a special weaving of weft and warp threads. The threads are intertwined, connected with knots and twisted, but loosely, so that there is an air gap between the vertical and horizontal lines. Modern mesh is made from synthetics (polyester, elastane), as well as from viscose.

Tulle features:

• elasticity;
• wear resistance;
• the fabric does not wrinkle;
• breathability;
• transparency.

While single-layer tulle is used to create petticoats, independent puffy skirts are sewn from multi-layer fabric. The canvas forms voluminous folds, the layers overlap each other and lose their transparency. A lot of material is required - tens of meters for a single thing.

Tulle is dyed in various colors, decorated with sequins and rhinestones, sparkling sprayed embroidery. The material is used to create various silhouettes of dresses, as well as for sun skirts.

What are collars made of?

Lace collar - cutout decor on the dress

The first collars in the history of mankind were made of natural fur to protect themselves from cold air and gusts of wind. Then this piece of clothing became more complicated, turned into a decor for a cutout on a dress and a man's stand-up collar.

There are the following types of collars:

• stand (straight cut, blindly fastened);
• Italian (stand with divorced corners);
• turn-down (jacket-type collar);
• standing-turn-down (most often found on men's shirts);
• flat-lying (a typical representative is a collar on the uniform of sailors);
• frill (consists of frills and lace).

Also distinguish collar-collar, "berta", "cadet" and many others. To create these elements of clothing, you need a fabric that is resistant to deformation, or special reinforcing layers.

Adhesive fabrics and non-adhesive reinforcing materials

Interlining in different colors

Special reinforcing materials help to give the collar or cuffs extra rigidity and shape. Usually used (adhesive on one side of the fabric material) and interlining (non-woven adhesive fabric). The duplicating fabric is selected depending on the strength and density of the material, as well as the type of product.

To distinguish a woven adhesive from a non-woven adhesive, the corner of the web is simply stretched. Doublerin, for example, will stretch elastically, and interlining will tear, like paper. Nevertheless, "non-woven" has its advantages. Such material consists of pressed fibers, therefore it does not crumble at all at the edges.

Interlining and dublerin are additional materials, they are not used independently to create clothes. They are used in textile production, in copyright ateliers. When sewing at home, glue fabrics should also be in every needlewoman.

Lace

An indispensable decorative material for creating collars is lace. Women's shirts, dresses and sweaters are decorated with light openwork weaving with an ornament. The material is produced in Russia, France, Italy, Belgium and other countries.

According to the technique of execution, the following types of lace are distinguished:

• wicker;
• sewn;
• nodular;
• knitted.

Lace is also considered - a fabric with a relief pattern connected by a grid. Guipure differs from a smooth and even openwork in a convex ornament.

In order for the lace collar to stand, hold its shape and not wrinkle, it is coated with special compounds or starch. At home, a delicate item is treated with a starch spray or the traditional procedure of soaking the collar in an aqueous starch solution is performed. Fabric linings are also used.

conclusions

There are many dimensionally stable fabrics that can be used to create beautiful silhouettes of skirts and dresses, as well as collars. Each material is special, used in suitable cases. Even the lightest and most delicate fabric can be used to create spectacular looks if you use puffy petticoats (from tulle, for example). There are also adhesive fabrics and materials with which to sew and strengthen such miniature parts of the costume as collars.

Shiny fabric - for the most radiant outfits

Shiny, shimmering with all colors clothes invariably attracts the eye. Without a doubt, the owner of such a dress will always be in the spotlight. What shiny fabrics the textile industry produces, their properties, characteristics and tailoring features are detailed in our article.

The peak of fashion for shimmering and iridescent fabrics fell on the 80s - early 90s of the twentieth century - the height of the multi-color disco style. After that, for two decades, shiny clothes could only be seen on the stage or concert venues. But everything comes back at some point. And today, shining dresses, blouses, vests, hats, bags can be seen again not only in a nightclub, but also in a normal everyday environment.

Shine and radiance in fabrics are achieved by various means. The main ones are the following:

• special weave of threads, giving a smooth shiny surface;
• the composition of the fibers, due to which the canvas shimmers;
• special spraying;
• weaving metal threads;
• use of sequins.

Each group of fabrics has its own characteristics. Let's consider them in more detail.

Chic and shine of satin and satin fabrics

The very word "atlas", which in Arabic means "smooth", speaks of the appearance of the material. Whatever products are sewn from it - wedding dresses, bedding, curtains or tablecloths - they all look simply “brilliant”.

This appearance of the fabric is achieved through a special weave, which is called satin. Its distinguishing feature is the predominance of warp threads on the surface, completely covering the wefts. This structure allows the use of blended fibers for production: silk comes out on the front side, and the reverse side is cotton or synthetic.

By the way, silk fibers are not always used as a basis. The satin-weave fabric eraser is 100% cotton, but still has a pleasant sheen. It is used when sewing dresses, skirts, shirts, shirts and other clothes. You can often see curtains, tablecloths, napkins made of eraser.

Another weave of threads, in which the fabrics get a characteristic sheen, is satin. It is the direct opposite of satin: weft threads come out on the front surface, and the main ones are hidden under them.

Satin is the most beautiful and expensive of all cotton materials. Bed linen made from it impresses with its magnificent shiny surface. Mako satin is considered the highest quality, for the production of which only certain varieties of cotton grown in India and Egypt are used.

Oriental overflows of organza and taffeta

Unlike natural fibers, many synthetic fibers are inherently lustrous and shimmery and do not require special craftsmanship to manufacture. Such shining fabrics are used more often not for tailoring (with the exception of evening and stage costumes), but in the production of home textiles.

To give the interior an oriental flavor, curtains made of organza, a gorgeous shiny fabric made from polyester, will help. Sometimes natural silk and viscose are added to the material, which only increases its radiance and iridescent effect.

For the same purpose, manufacturers produce several modifications of organza: crash - with the texture of cracked glass, harvester - with multiple creases and folds or with a special coating.

Interesting to know! Shanzhan organza or, as it is commonly called, “chameleon”, is especially popular among lovers of brilliance. Due to the special interweaving of multi-colored threads, the surface plays with new colors from different angles of view.

Another polyester fabric, taffeta, uses tightly twisted fibers connected by a simple plain weave. This is what gives the material its characteristic radiance.

Taffeta is used for tailoring evening and wedding dresses, carnival and theatrical costumes, beautiful stoles and shawls. Curtains for living rooms, offices or halls, sofa cushions and pillows, tablecloths, bedspreads and various decorative ornaments are often made from this fabric. Many are attracted by the shiny taffeta upholstery on sofas, chairs and armchairs.

Both organza and taffeta bring holiday elements into everyday life. With such fabrics, the rooms look elegant and fabulously rich.

Coated materials: always in the spotlight

The thinnest metallized layer is applied to the fabric in special units under vacuum. Powder particles settle on the surface, firmly connecting with the fibers. The same 100% polyester is used as the basis.

There are materials with a single-color coating or made in the form of fancy drawings and patterns. Glitter can be both saturated and muted, more delicate, but in any case, it always gives the materials a unique charm.

Metallized fabrics are used not only for tailoring beautiful clothes. They are used in the manufacture of curtains and fashionable roller blinds. In this case, the coating plays not only a decorative role, but also serves to reflect the sun's rays, which reduces the temperature in the room and brings comfort.

Interesting to know! Shiny pearl-coated fabric curtains look organic in any interior. In addition to protection from light, they have dirt-repellent and antistatic properties, which are achieved with the help of special impregnations.

Lurex fabrics - temptation and seduction

This is how the word "Lurex" sounds in translation from English, and this is quite true. Elegant dresses, blouses, skirts, underwear, tights and stockings - this is not a complete list of products that, thanks to lurex, look especially attractive and sexy.

By the way, Lurex is not a fabric, but just the thinnest metallized thread, which is pulled from aluminum, copper or nickel foil. It is produced in the USA, Italy, Japan and, of course, in China. Such threads can be mixed with any fibers - cotton, synthetic, silk and even wool. Knitwear made of yarn with metallized threads is very attractive.

Brocade is considered one of the most expensive and rich fabrics with Lurex. Initially, real gold or silver fibers were added to it. Recently, in order to reduce the cost and weight of the canvas, thin foil is used in a polyester sheath, painted in various colors.

Brocade is used for sewing concert outfits, historical costumes for theatrical performances, massive curtains and draperies. Many brides prefer to sew wedding dresses from this expensive and, undoubtedly, the most luxurious material.

Another fabric that is brilliant in every sense and deserves attention is lamé, which means “metal plate” in French. The material is in many ways similar to brocade, but several times thinner, and therefore lighter.

The front side of the canvas has a sparkling surface with matte patterns, and the wrong side is its complete opposite. This texture allows fashion designers and designers to embody the most interesting ideas. Lame is used for evening dresses, theatrical and masquerade costumes, curtains, bedspreads and other products. The fabric is very fragile and easily destroyed under the influence of even minor loads.

Interesting to know! Metallized lamé fabric conducts electricity well. Therefore, vests are sewn from it, capable of responding to the slightest touch of a sword, which are worn by fencers.

Lurex thread is often added to jacquard or tapestry fabrics. Curtains, curtains, bedspreads and furniture upholstery made from such canvases have a truly royal look.

Sequin fabrics: beauty requires sacrifice

This is not just a figure of speech familiar to everyone, but the truth, since such canvases are very capricious not only in cutting and tailoring, but also in wearing. The basis in most cases is a light cotton fabric, such as chiffon, or a synthetic mesh.

There are two types of sequins: thin metal or plastic. Methods of attachment to matter are also different. They are sewn on with threads or glued on. Fabrics with sequins planted on glue are quite cheap. But you need to wear such clothes very carefully so that on the first day you don’t lose most of the “beauty”.

With threads, the situation is also not easy. On high-quality (but, of course, more expensive) canvases, the thread with which they are sewn is woven into the material itself, so breaking one or two pieces will not entail any special consequences. In more budget options, the thread is on top, and if it breaks, you can lose a lot of jewelry.

The style should be chosen as simple as possible, with a minimum number of seams. For work, you need to use thin needles that will easily pierce the sequins.

In most cases, it is better to put products on a case so that metal parts do not scratch or irritate the skin. Wash such clothes only by hand, without wringing and twisting. They usually do not need ironing.

Interesting to know! Fabric products with sequins are very difficult to sew on a typewriter. To facilitate the task, experienced craftswomen advise moistening the material with colorless synthetic oil.

Today, sparkling and iridescent canvases are back in trend. But to look really stylish, it is important not to overdo it with shine and shine. Here are some recommendations from leading fashion designers:

Shiny fabrics include many design studios in their collections: Dolche & Gabbana, Alexander McQueen, Gucci, Max Mara and others. Each fashionista can choose the degree of radiance that is suitable only for her.

The modern world offers a lot of opportunities - entertainment, family, career, travel. In a short period of time, equal to twenty-four hours, I want to fit everything in the world and a little more. Household appliances have reduced manual labor to nothing: even in order to wash clothes, it is enough to load things into the machine and press a button.

The fabric that needs to be ironed is now called capricious and demanding. No one wants to waste their time on a routine that can be avoided. That is why wrinkle-resistant fabrics that do not require additional care are so popular.

natural fabrics

Ironing is one of the household chores

Natural materials are safe, environmentally friendly and pleasantly attached to the body. However, it is natural fabrics, unlike synthetics, that wear out quickly. Natural, linen and wool cannot be categorized as wrinkle-resistant materials. However, due to manufacturing technology or special weaving, some types of textiles are very easy to care for, keep their shape well and practically do not crumple.

Denim

Denim is the material from which the famous blue trousers are sewn. All varieties contain natural cotton. In the manufacture of fabric, the fibers are well twisted on special ring-spinning machines, and the threads are connected with a very strong twill weave. It is easy to recognize the material by the painted front side and the pale inside.

From denim sew:

• trousers, shorts, overalls;
• jackets, jackets and vests;
• skirts and dresses.

Denim is a very dense, wear-resistant fabric that allows air to pass through and absorbs moisture well. The material with the addition is called stretch and not only does not wrinkle, but stretches elastically and fits the figure tightly.

Cotton terry (frote)

Mahra almost does not require ironing

Terry cloth looks very interesting - its entire surface is covered with soft pile, which consists of elongated loops, it looks like fur. The pile is one-sided, two-sided, and also differs in density and length. There are varieties with a relief pattern resembling an imprint, as well as sheared terry. The fabric is made from natural cotton, as well as from bamboo and.

What is sewn from terry:

• towels and bedspreads;
• bathrobes;
• mattresses and pillows.

Mahra is knitwear, that is, a knitted fabric consisting of loops. After crumpling, the threads elastically return to their places, it is enough just to straighten and smooth the material. Pile is good for health, because it easily massages the skin.

Blended fabrics

Blended materials have the advantages of natural and synthetic fabrics

With the invention of synthetic fibers, which are produced chemically, appeared. The material is a combination of natural and synthetic threads, which allows you to create textiles that have the advantages of both groups. Blended fabrics are versatile, suitable for creating clothes, various special uniforms, . The combination of dissimilar fibers allows you to create a durable wear-resistant and practical fabric.

Most often, cotton is used as the basis - natural fibers of plant origin. Cotton in the composition is usually less, up to 40%. A bright representative of wrinkle-resistant blended fabrics - used to create bed linen (more on this fabric will be discussed below).

It is thanks to the synthetic component that mixed textiles practically do not wrinkle, hold their shape well, do not deform, do not shrink, and in most cases are very elastic.

There are also fully synthetic materials consisting of several varieties of chemical fibers (for example,).

Wrinkle-resistant fabrics for bed linen

Bed linen used daily

Sleeping sets are used very often, daily. Lingerie should not only be beautiful and pleasant to the touch, but also very practical in order to save time on caring for it. The most popular are smooth, wear-resistant fabrics that do not shrink, rub or shed. Of course, crease-resistant materials should be preferred in the first place, because ironing double sheets and duvet covers is another test and pleasure.

Percale

This material can be classified as natural fabrics. are made from non-twisted cotton threads of increased strength. Sails and skins for the first types of aircraft were made from this material. Percale is a smooth, wear-resistant, hygroscopic and dimensionally stable fabric. Dense texture protects textiles from creasing.

In addition to bed linen, percale is used to make:

• dresses, shirts and;
• children's walking envelopes;
• tents, parachutes and sails.

The fabric is very easy to care for, does not require special operating conditions, does not electrify during use and perfectly retains color.

Polycotton

Polycotton is a blended fabric consisting of polyester and cotton, hence the name (poly + cotton). The composition of the material is different, it differs in the percentage of cotton and synthetics. The most affordable fabrics contain fewer natural fibers.

Polycotton is made from:

• bed sets (pillowcases, duvet covers, sheets, bedspreads);
• covers for blankets and pillows.

Polycotton is a very durable and strong material, it practically does not wrinkle and does not require additional care. The fabric does not stretch or shrink, all dirt is easily washed off, and products, no matter how voluminous they are, dry quickly.

Poplin

The material is a soft double-sided fabric with a fine ribbed texture. Originally made from pure silk, poplin is now popular in cotton and synthetics, as well as a combination of warp and wool weft. Matter is with patterns, one-color, and also multi-colored.

In addition to bed linen, poplin is made of:

• blouses, shirts, dresses;
• T-shirts and T-shirts;
• , home clothes.

The fabric does not cause allergies, retains heat and absorbs moisture, perfectly retains its shape and color, and is inexpensive. Poplin practically does not wrinkle, is not demanding in care.

satin

A great option for delicate, soft bedding. - a delicate, glossy fabric with a smooth horizontal weave pattern (the weaving method is called satin). Traditionally, the fabric is made from silk, but economical cotton variations are also found.

Also sew from satin:

• dresses, blouses, skirts, sundresses;
• Men's shirts.

Despite the subtlety and apparent decorativeness, satin is a very durable material, it practically does not wrinkle due to the elasticity of the fibers and can withstand more than 300 washes before it starts to fade slightly.

Synthetic fabrics

Synthetic fabrics have significant advantages over natural counterparts.

Often, at the sight of a 100% synthetic composition on the label of a thing, buyers wince with a sigh: “Synthetics! Chemistry!". However, the only fault of synthetic materials is that they were created by man with the help of science and modern technology, and not processed from organic materials, like cotton or wool.

With proper product quality, synthetics are absolutely safe, and in terms of properties not only are they not inferior to natural fabrics, but also often surpass them in terms of wear resistance and strength.

Lycra

It is an elastic, stretchy material. Sometimes, meaning lycra, such fabrics are called or elastane. They are not synonymous, but also not different fabrics - just a synthetic stretchy type of textile that different companies make and give them their own names.

Lycra: application and colors

Lycra stretches and does not tear due to its special texture - synthetic fibers resemble segments interconnected by thin "bridges".

From lycra sew:

• turtlenecks, dresses, leggings;
• sportswear;
• underwear;
• socks and stockings.

In addition to the fact that lycra does not wrinkle and stretches perfectly, the fabric is moisture resistant, durable, light and pleasant to the touch.

Nylon

As a result of research by the chemical company DuPont, a durable chemical material was invented, which was called nylon. The fabric consists of polyamides, which, after a chemical reaction, are transformed into fine fibers.

A huge number of things are made from nylon:

• underwear;
• hosiery;
• casual clothes (t-shirts, pants, sweaters, dresses);
• tourist, sportswear;
• uniforms.

In addition to the fact that the fabric does not require ironing, it is very wear-resistant, lightweight and durable. Nylon protects from cold and wind, looks attractive and is affordable.

Polyester

Synthetic material that looks like natural wool, but the characteristics and properties coincide with cotton. Fibers are obtained from oil refining.

From the material sew:

• underwear;
• dresses, sweaters, skirts, suits;
• outerwear.

Polyester is very durable, retains its shape, practically does not wrinkle, is very easy to wash and absolutely does not require special care conditions, as well as ironing.

Taffet

Blended synthetic fabric, composed of nylon and polyester. Taffeta is a light, practical thin fabric with a glossy surface, it is a synthetic analogue of silk or cotton taffeta.

From taffeta are made:

• flags, interior decor;
• raincoats and down jackets;
• tracksuits;
• special and tourist clothing.

Taffeta is quite rigid and dimensionally stable, and therefore does not wrinkle.

Microfiber (microfiber)

The main feature of the material is the thinnest fibers with a diameter of about 0.06 mm. Microfiber is also called dissected - it is treated with a special compound that divides the material into equal segments, actually cuts it.

Here's how microfiber differs from regular filament

This material is used to make:

• bed linen and;
• children's clothing;
• everyday and household items;
• elements of outerwear.

Microfiber perfectly absorbs moisture, it is very light, does not shrink, does not wrinkle and dries instantly after washing.

Meryl

It is a trademark, a kind of microfiber. The fabric is smooth, shiny and matte, made on the basis of nylon. From the measure they make:

• sports underwear;
• T-shirts and other types of clothing that are worn directly on the naked body.

Meryl is a flowing silky fabric, it does not accumulate static electricity, does not roll, covers the body like a second skin, and also does not wrinkle due to its elasticity.

Taktel

Another type of microfiber, also a trademark. The material is made from polyamide. Taktel is produced in several varieties - ultra-thin fabric, soft, radiant, melange. Sew from a taktel:

• underwear and bed linen;
• elements of sportswear;
• things adjacent to the body (shirts, t-shirts).

The material is very durable, aesthetic and durable. The main feature is incredible softness, although the fabric may look dense and rough, as well as resistance to the formation of wrinkles and folds.

reaper

curtain header

Among the list of crease-resistant fabrics, one cannot but name a material that is also not afraid of folds, because the fabric is already a crumpled canvas. It's about the reaper. This is an original matter that retains its interesting appearance after washing, drying, and long-term storage in a straightened form. The reaper is not ironed.

The material is made from a variety of fibers:

• wool;
• silk;
• cotton;
• synthetics.

In fact, the harvester is a kind of decoration of a textile fabric. To achieve a wrinkled effect, the finished fabric is folded and twisted, and then the material is heat-treated and pressed with a press. The result is persistent creases and wrinkles that are not smoothed out under the weight of the fabric. Most often, densely twisted fibers are used to create the material.

There are the following types of harvester:

• natural fabric;
• artificial (from viscose);
• synthetic;
• mixed.

Dresses, shirts, blouses, skirts, bed linen are sewn from the harvester. The material is not capricious, it is not necessary to iron it, but it is washed according to the information on the label, because the composition of the fabric is different and each specific product requires an individual approach.

conclusions

There are a huge number of wrinkle-resistant fabrics. There are natural, synthetic, blended options, as well as a unique variety of header fabric that made the list because it doesn't need to be ironed.

Wrinkle-resistant fabrics are very practical, while they have a lot of other positive properties - from hygroscopicity to color fastness, and also have a wide range of applications. Warp-resistant materials are used for bedding, casual wear and specialized suits.