The gestational age of nutria. Pregnancy of nutrias and their whelping. Signs of the last stage

Not so long ago, at the beginning of May last year (when bird cherry blossoms), our company set off in kayaks along the Lukh River in a regular train. This is in the north of the Nizhny Novgorod region. What beautiful places there are!

I love my land, you can find so many interesting corners in it. If you visit all of them, there will be no time to go abroad. Although abroad is interesting, in its own way.

The Lukh River is quite deep, but not wide, the banks are steep, mostly pine trees grow on them. They say. that if you move 100 meters deep from the coast, the real taiga begins, there are still unique animals, birds, plants that have already become unique.

Our task was different, we did not go into the thicket of the forest, but we saw hedgehogs, once even a fox cub, for some reason they are not afraid of people there.

We usually stop for the night in certain places where there are gently sloping shores, we cover a given number of kilometers per day. But this time they went down to the water late, by the appointed time they did not have time to get to the parking lot.

It was getting dark. It was already difficult to distinguish the shores, but we kept swimming. They probably overlooked our bank. Then my granddaughter says: “Grandma, you hear how the bird cherry smells, so this is our parking lot!” Then we remembered: a year earlier we had definitely spent the night in the arms of bird cherry in tents on the shore. They swam to the smell, soon found themselves on a familiar fire. It was already hard to see, the greater the impression was made by the bird-cherry fog. He enveloped us from all sides with his colors and smell.

Many peoples have such a sign: when you stand in a place where bird cherry blossoms, any disease is driven away. Indeed, flowers exude a huge amount of phytoncides. They say they can even kill small animals.

Tired but satisfied, we fell asleep under this aroma.

The scientific species name of bird cherry is translated as "birds". because forest birds love to feast on its fruits.

The bird cherry tree can reach a great height, and sometimes it grows as a sprawling bush. Now decorative forms have been developed, with variegated leaves and a weeping crown.

All parts of bird cherry have long been used by man: wood for furniture, baskets were woven from flexible branches, paint was obtained from the bark, the fruits were used for pies.

In addition, leaves, bark, flowers, fruits are used for medicinal purposes. You just need to know that all parts of bird cherry, except for berries, contain a certain glycoside, which in the body under the action of enzymes turns into hydrocyanic acid, such raw materials must be used with caution.

Leaves, fruits of bird cherry contain a large amount of vitamin C, carotene, tannins, as well as sugar, organic acids.

Almond oil can be obtained from leaves, seeds, flowers.

Fruits and leaves treat diarrhea, purulent inflammation. To do this, a tablespoon of raw materials is poured with a glass of boiling water, kept in a thermos for half an hour, or they can be boiled for 20 minutes. Drink half a cup 30 minutes before meals. Steamed leaves are applied to the abscess.

A tincture of the bark helps with arthritis. For its preparation, 50 grams of fresh bark is infused in a glass of vodka for two weeks. This drug is rubbed on sore spots.

To prepare a diaphoretic antipyretic, the bark in the amount of 10 grams is poured with a glass of boiling water, boiled for 15 minutes, insisted for 1.5 hours. Take one teaspoon 4 times a day before meals.

Bird cherry fruits ripen in August-September. They have a sweet taste with astringency. Inside the seeds are drupes. Here is the mystery about them: the dress was lost - the buttons remained.

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shrubs

Bird cherry, or Prunuspadus L., is a fairly popular deciduous tree in our country, less often a shrub, from the Rosaceae family. This fruit and ornamental culture is unpretentious and becomes a real decoration of the garden. When bird cherry blossoms, the backyard is transformed, and the flowering itself is accompanied by an incomparable aroma.

Botanical Features

Cherry blossoms in the garden have become more and more common in recent years. Like other stone fruit crops, bird cherry flowers consist of five sepals and five rosaceous petals. The pollen of the plant, ripening in the anthers, at the stage of blooming flowers consists of many pollen grains. The main advantage of bird cherry is considered to be the extraordinary beauty of the snow-white flowers of this deciduous perennial plant. In fact, bird cherry flowers are not white, but completely colorless. All petals consist of colorless cells and voids that are filled with air. The light of the sun is reflected from the voids, resulting in the effect of snow-white flowering.

As a rule, bird cherry blossoms in early spring. The flowers have a characteristic and strongly pronounced smell, which can exacerbate the disease in people prone to allergies. Also, the aroma of bird cherry often causes headaches, and in some cases fainting. The white flowers of the late bird cherry, as a rule, do not have a strong smell, so the plant is in great demand as an ornamental in home gardening.

Flowers have medicinal properties. They must be harvested during the mass flowering of decorative berry crops. The average shelf life of properly collected and prepared raw materials is one year. When using flowers for medicinal purposes, it is very important to strictly observe not only the rules for collecting plant materials, but also the dosage. It should be remembered that the flowers contain amygdalin glycoside, which can be broken down to glucose and hydrocyanic acid, which is very toxic.

Bird cherry: useful properties (now we know)

Features and timing of flowering in Siberia, the Urals, Ukraine

Bird cherry bloom is a real luxury of nature, an explosion of dizzying aroma of white hanging flower clusters. To activate the flowering process, bird cherry needs a cool temperature, so the timing of flowering bird cherry in central Russia, the Urals and Siberia can vary significantly.

Ukrainian spring has significant differences from Russian weather conditions, which slightly shifts the timing of flowering. In the middle lane, the flowering period lasts from the last decade of April to the first decade of May, depending on the climatic conditions in the cultivation region. In the Siberian region, the plant blooms closer to the last decade of spring.

Usually, bird cherry in the Moscow region begins to bloom in early spring. The earliest flowering of bird cherry is observed in early May. The latest flowering occurs in the last days of May. There are well-known cases of cherry blossoms in March or April, as well as a shift in flowering to June.

If flowering was early this year, this does not mean that the plant will bloom at the same time in all subsequent years. There is no data on how long the flowering period will last. The ornamental culture blooms most abundantly in well-lit areas of the sun, and fruiting very often depends on weather conditions at the stage of ovary formation.

What is useful and harmful smell of bird cherry

Bird cherry flowers, although they are small, but very fragrant, they are collected in a decorative brush. A branch of flowering bird cherry indoors can destroy flies and mosquitoes. Bird cherry brushes are widely used for the purpose of flavoring linen and preventing the appearance of moths. The aroma of bird cherry reminiscent of bitter almonds is very effective in repelling ticks. A strong smell also repels flies well, so bird cherry was often planted in front gardens near the window. The flowers of this ornamental berry culture are characterized by a huge amount of phytoncides, which are capable of destroying pathogenic microflora.

Bird cherry flowers, bark, seeds and foliage contain a significant amount of amygdalin glycoside. As a result of the breakdown of this glycoside, a toxic substance such as hydrocyanic acid is formed. The aroma can have a toxic effect on almost all living organisms, so a bouquet of bird cherry is not recommended to be placed in residential areas.

Superstitions and omens

In most regions of our country, bird cherry blossoms with the arrival of nightingales. A large number of ancient Russian and Slavic signs are associated with bird cherry, the knowledge of which passes from generation to generation:

when the bird cherry blossoms, a significant cooling should be expected;
if the buds burst, and the flowering is very plentiful and lush, then the summer will be rainy and cold;
if bird cherry blooms early and flowering is long, then a warm summer is expected;
the longer the bird cherry flowering period, the hotter and drier the summer will be;
it is preferable to plant potatoes at the stage of mass flowering of bird cherry;
if the plant does not fade for a long time, then the harvest of any cereal crops will be very rich;
the flowering period of bird cherry is the best for sowing wheat and millet;
at the stage of active flowering, there is an excellent biting of such fish as asp, pike and bream;
a plant that has grown from under the foundation of a house promises troubles and troubles in family relationships;
if the cattle scratches itself to severe wounds, then a wreath of fresh bird cherry branches with swollen buds or fresh flowers should be put on the neck of the animal.

How to plant bird cherry (now we know)

Bird cherry is considered to be not a very good plant for housekeeping and family well-being. It is for this reason that you need to plant it at some distance from the house. Nevertheless, with proper cultivation, bird cherry can become a real decoration of the garden and a storehouse of useful fruits.

How to feed pregnant nutria. Concentrated-juicy, or mixed type of feeding nutria. Concentrated-juicy, or mixed type of feeding implies the presence in the diet of both concentrated feeds (cereals and legumes and their processed products, products of animal origin) and succulent feeds.

For the production of one skin of nutria and 2-2.5 kg of meat, when 6 puppies are produced per female per year, feed is consumed: compound feed or cereal grain - 44 kg, protein feed of plant and animal origin - 6 kg, grass meal - 6 kg, root crops or vegetables - 30-50 kg, legume-cereal grass - 30-50 kg, bedding - 10-15 kg.

Responsible periods in feeding nutria are mating, pregnancy, lactation, rearing young animals. At this time, it is necessary to especially ensure that the feed is complete and satisfies the physiological needs of animals for nutrients.

Feeding nutria during mating.

In nutria, there are no noticeable physiological needs for feed during this period: during lactation, the female can go into mating or be pregnant. Breeding males during the mating period are fed on the same rations as females, with the only difference being that they are given 20-30% more food, since they are larger than females and more active - dopinfo.ru. By the time of mating, both adult and young females should not be obese, which is observed when overfeeding or low mobility of animals. Excessively well-fed males are inactive, and females are poorly covered and fertilized.

Feeding pregnant female nutria.

Significant changes occur in the body of females during pregnancy, which are associated with the formation and growth of embryos, amniotic membranes, an increase in the uterus and mammary glands. This requires additional expenditure of nutrients and energy. During mating and pregnancy, young females continue to grow and therefore eat 10-15% more food than adults. But adult pregnant females need nutrients to a greater extent than young ones, since they are much larger, therefore, a diet balanced in terms of essential nutrients for them should be from easily digestible feed, since nutria cannot consume a large amount of food.

An approximate diet for young pregnant females aged 8-11 months can be: beets in winter or grass in summer - 270-350 g; concentrates (barley, corn) - 120-170 g; cake, peas - 5-10 g; fishmeal - 4-8 g; table salt - 1.5 g; hay or grass flour - 25-30 g; fish oil - 2.5 g.

After probing the females and establishing pregnancy, they are transferred to the diet of the second half of pregnancy. During this period, in adult and young females, the need for food increases by 15-30%, while motor activity decreases, especially in cages without pools, which contributes to an increase in the fatness of females - dopinfo.ru. When a female is overfeeding, the embryos in the womb are inactive, few in number, born large (350-500 g each), but sluggish. Therefore, as soon as the female begins to get fat, it is necessary to reduce the amount of total food by 25-30% or increase the amount of hard-to-digest food (by 15-20%) or green food (by 30-35%) in the diet. Feed of animal origin in terms of calories should be 3-5%.

In the autumn-winter period, it is desirable to introduce fish oil into the diet of females as a source of vitamin A, the lack of which leads to the birth of blind puppies or they go blind 1-2 weeks after birth.

Feeding female feeders and suckling young

Before whelping (for 2-3 days) and in the first days after it, females hardly eat. With the consumption of feed according to the relevant norms, the live weight of females during the lactation period decreases by 5-10%. The level of feeding of lactating females should be aimed at producing the greatest amount of milk from the mammary glands, since the first 10-15 days of life of puppies depend on the milk production of females. Nutria milk is highly nutritious due to the content of a large amount of fat in it, it is completely absorbed by puppies.

One puppy consumes mother's milk on average per day: in the 1st decade - 16 g; in 2 - 22-26 g; at 3 - 18-22 g; at 4 - 16-24 g; at 5 - 6-8 g; at 6 - 0-4 g. If there is not enough milk, the puppies are stunted and it happens that they die on the 5-7th day after birth.

From 10-15 days old, puppies can be grown on adult nutria feed. In addition to mother's milk, puppies from 2-3 days try a mix of feed and root crops; on the 3rd-4th day they have the original feces (meconium) in the form of dark green threads, and from the 5th-6th day - real feces (small gray-brown sticks - dopinfo.ru); with age, the stool takes the form of oval balls. In the first 15-20 days of lactation, the female eats 85% of the feed, and on the 40-55th day, the female and all puppies consume the feed equally. Lactation in females ends at 40-45 days, at which time the puppies are completely transferred to the diet of concentrated and juicy feed. In summer, lactating females and suckling puppies are given green mass (10-15% in calories). With concentrated feeding, the cage must always have clean drinking water.