What and when should a child be able to. The development of a baby up to a year by months - what a child should be able to do every month. What is natural and what is disturbing
How quickly time flies! It seems that only yesterday you brought a snoring newborn into the house, and today your baby is already celebrating his first birthday! Parents are concerned about questions: how is the development of their baby, what should a child be able to do at 1 year old and what can their child do from this. Of course, all kids are different and learn new things at different times. But there is a certain average set of skills, most of which children should master by the age of one.
First skills
The first year is not easy for a little man. There is so much to learn! By the annual milestone, the baby approaches with basic skills on which his further achievements will be based:
- can follow the movement of an object (or light) with his eyes;
- moves his eyes after the rattle, hears and is interested in its sound;
- gives loved ones the first smiles;
- is able to keep his head in an upright position;
- changes positions, rolls over from the stomach to the back and to the other side;
- reaching for a rattle;
- is sitting;
- learns to roam.
Physical development of the child
By the age of one, children can sit, stand (holding on to an adult or pieces of furniture), stand up, crawl. Babies can stand up from any position. Some babies skip the crawling stage.
Basically, babies are able to walk along the support, or with support for one or both handles. Particularly nimble children walk without support and even run.
The physical development of the child goes forward by leaps and bounds:
- at 1 year old, the baby can walk up the stairs with the support of an adult;
- crawl up the stairs;
- climb on chairs, sofas, other pieces of furniture;
- children also descend from beds, sofas down, slide down ladders.
Important! Therefore, do not leave the child in a room with open windows, sockets, heavy objects that he can drop.
Even if it seems to you that the baby does not know how to climb onto the windowsill, know that you underestimate him! At this age, children guess to substitute a chair.
Psychomotor development of the baby
At the age of one, children actively learn about the world around them. The kid is interested in how this or that toy is arranged, how several large parts of the designer are connected into one whole.
By the age of one, the child has the following skills:
- knows how to assemble and disassemble a pyramid of two or three rings;
- can make a tower of two cubes;
- knows how to remove lids from pots and boxes, can put some object into a box and close the lid;
- masters the first sorters: can push small objects into holes cut in the lid of a cardboard box;
- plays with dishes: “eats” with a spoon, “drinks” from a cup;
- can “comb” a toy, feed it or put it to bed;
- plays with his clothes, hats, boots;
- takes toys with one or two hands, shifts from hand to hand;
- can take small objects with two fingers (thumb and forefinger);
- rolls a stroller, carries a car, can push a ball to make it roll;
- tries to throw and catch a ball or other objects;
- knows how to open cabinet doors, push and pull drawers, get things out of there, put them back;
- copies the actions of other children: digs, claps, knocks with a stick on objects;
- plays “in adults”: for example, he twists a screwdriver like dad, or paints his lips like mom.
Emotions and integration into society
- Closer to the year, babies begin to express their emotions more often with sounds, smiles, facial expressions, and not just crying;
- The tactile expression of feelings also becomes more active: most children know how to hug, kiss (parents, other babies, toys);
- If you carefully observe the baby, you begin to understand his body language. Close people usually know well what the child wants to “tell” them. With strangers, children can be more withdrawn;
- The kid knows well those whom he often sees: parents, other relatives; recognizes them in photographs and knows how to show them at the request of adults. He can also show cats, dogs, other animals or objects in pictures;
- At this age, children already know how to flip through books. For the sake of justice, it should be noted that not everyone is interested in books in one year, and this is normal: the rest of the kids will appreciate the charm of this lesson a little later;
- One-year-old children actively show both positive and negative emotions: they rejoice at the return of their parents from work, the appearance of a new toy. At the same time, they may cry if an outsider addresses them, or gets angry at the word “no”. Read the article on how to explain to a child what is not allowed?>>>
- At this age, the baby often imitates adults: "communicates" on the phone, "reads" a book, fiddles with dad's tools.
- In addition, children copy the facial expressions of their parents and use it. In a year they are able to distinguish facial expressions. Children also understand the intonation with which they are addressed, they can copy it when walking;
- The baby knows how to fulfill simple requests: “give me a toy”, “show the cat”, “where are the eyes”. Children learn this skill quickly, it is enough to play such games with them several times;
- The kid knows how to dance to the music that he likes, "sings along" to children's songs. If your child does not do this, show him an example - he will immediately learn. This activity is very popular with one-year-old children;
- Imitating adults and peers, kids master the first games. Yearlings know how to clap their hands, play “coo-coo” (hide their faces in their hands);
- Children are interested in their reflection in the mirror, they can actively spin in front of him, admire themselves.
This is not a complete list of what a child can do, because at 1 year old the social and emotional development of the crumbs primarily depends on the people around him. At this age, kids do amazing things. It is enough to engage in their physical development and demonstrate their own example, and your baby will amaze you with his quick wits.
See also in my video tutorial about the development of a baby at 12 months:
The formation of speech
At one year, the child understands the speech addressed to him. He focuses on intonation, knows simple expressions. The more you talk to him, the wider his passive vocabulary (that is, the words he understands) becomes. From 2 to 10 words a child can speak at 1 year old.
Abbreviated words and onomatopoeia at this age are also considered words if they always mean the same thing. For example, if “mu” is always “cow”, then this onomatopoeia is also considered a word.
Important! But do not worry if the child does not say anything. It is much more important that he understands you. If this does not happen, the baby must be shown to a specialist.
The child may have problems with hearing, speech apparatus, neurological, psychological disorders.
Most deviations from the norm at this age are successfully compensated if you start exercising with the baby in time.
What else does a child know at one year old:
- answers the question "who is this?" in separate words: mother, av, me-me;
- knows how to show familiar actions at the request: how he smiles, how he stamps his foot, how he eats, etc .;
- knows his name, responds to his name;
- tries to repeat new words;
- knows the words "can" and "impossible".
You can speed up the speech development of a child if you constantly talk to him, comment on your actions and what is happening around. You can pronounce words, clearly articulating sounds, encouraging the baby to repeat after you.
When talking to children, do not distort and abbreviate words. In this case, the child remembers the “wrong” sound, and it can be very difficult to retrain him. Talk to your baby like an adult, only more emotionally.
Yearlings and their skills self-service
In a year, a small person already strives for independence. Here are some everyday skills of one-year-old children:
- They can (or at least try to) eat with a spoon. There are even children who successfully use a fork at this age;
- They drink from a non-spill cup, and sometimes from a mug;
- They try to dress themselves. If you are not in a hurry, give the baby the clothes that you plan to put on him, let him practice a little;
- They know how to bite and chew solid food (cookies, bread, banana). See also: how to feed a child?>>>
- They know how to wash their hands, dry them with a towel. It is very easy for children to teach this action by showing their own example several times. Read more about how to develop independence in a child?
- Little by little they are starting to potty train. Find out at what age to potty train a child?
At this age, it is enough if the baby knows what the potty is for, knows how to correlate wet pants and his natural needs.
It is good if he accepts some conditional sound that indicates a desire to go to the potty, although such an understanding can come much later than one year of age. To do this, you can seat the children on the potty, pronouncing this very conditional sound. They will remember it very quickly.
Each child approaches the yearly milestone with a certain set of skills. What this set will be depends largely on the parents. At this age, it is necessary not only to show the baby the world around and talk to him, but also to give the baby more independence (under the supervision of elders). Let your child learn from experience and soon you will be surprised by the result!
Congratulations, your toddler celebrated the first "round" date! These 12 months were filled with joys, experiences and indescribable moments of happiness. All parents are proud of the knowledge and skills acquired by the baby.
And yet, every caring mother, having heard enough of her friends and grandmothers, begins to ask the following questions: “Am I missing something in upbringing?”, “Is my child developing correctly?” Let's find out what one-year-olds should be able to do.
It is no secret that the development of young children is very fast both physically and intellectually.
According to most parents, a 12-month-old baby is surprisingly inquisitive and active and does not want to sit in one place for a long time. He dreams of exploring the surrounding reality, testing his parental nerves along the way.
So, giving him room for experimentation, you need to be patient and follow every child's step.
What should a child be able to do at the age of one?
motor skills
During this age period, the baby persistently tries to walk. Moreover, girls master this skill before boys.
Some one-year-old babies even try to run and, accordingly, often fall. Therefore, try to ensure children's safety by installing special soft nozzles on sharp furniture corners.
So, a baby in a year should be able to:
- Stand firm without anyone else's help.
- Move with your support
- Actively crawl (some babies skip this stage, which is not a deviation).
- Walking along the ladder of a children's slide with an added step, holding on to an adult.
- Squat, get up on your feet from any position.
- Independently take up to 10 steps or walk 3-5 meters.
- Climb on upholstered furniture (bed, armchair, sofa), get down on the floor.
cognitive activity
Babies at this age open drawers, move chairs, try to break everything down and check it out. However, they do not indulge, but learn about the world around them. Remember that your child does not understand what dangers may await him.
So, a child in a year should be able to:
- Compose and disassemble a three-part pyramid with wide rings on your own or with your help.
- Open and close the lids of boxes, jars, put small trinkets into them, take them back (in independent games or by imitation).
- Fold the "turrets" of the cubes.
- Perform a variety of actions with dolls, soft hares and bears: “feed”, “comb”, “put to bed” (at the request of relatives or on your own).
- Push the wheelchair toy in front of you, roll the balls on a flat surface.
- Be interested in lockers - open and close doors, look at clothes, push and pull drawers.
- "Monkey", imitating the actions of parents and peers (blowing on hot porridge, digging in the sandbox; girls put on their mother's lipstick).
- Be interested in household appliances - turn off and turn on the TV, make phone calls, carefully watch the working washing machine.
Emotional and social development
The sensual sphere of your offspring is also being actively improved. He may cry if you refuse him something, pity you if you are upset. The baby begins to be interested in peers and interaction with older children.
So, a child in a year should be able to:
- Demonstrate his emotions (he kisses and hugs mom, dad, favorite plush hare).
- Enjoy outdoor games with adults, enjoy new toys.
- Recognize household members and smile joyfully at a meeting.
- Recognize family members in photographs, show mom and dad with your finger.
- Be alert when a stranger appears. Sometimes strangers cause fear and tears.
- Like to flip through books with large bright illustrations, showing where the puppy and kitten are.
- It is dissatisfied to react to the strict voice of parents and their prohibitions. Often he uses the whole arsenal - screaming, crying and whimpering.
- Admire yourself in the mirror, show your tongue, let the sunbeams in the mirror.
Speech development
Speech is also developing rapidly. An attentive mother can feel, when communicating with the baby, for example, displeased intonation and notes of imitation.
So, a baby in a year should be able to:
- Speak not in "babble" dialect, pronounce up to ten words.
- Imitate the voices of animals (mooing, barking, meowing).
- Repeat for parents previously unknown words (most often, they cannot be recognized).
- Imitate peers by saying familiar words behind them.
- Run errands - bring, put, close.
- Understand the words "can" and "can't". True, he does not always obey them.
- Know the names of relatives (glances at the named person) and your own name.
- Wave your hands when you say goodbye, play patty.
Basic household skills
One-year-old children, copying the actions of their elders, strive for greater independence. Most often this is expressed in awkward manipulations with cutlery.
So, children in 1 year should be able to:
- Bite and chew small pieces of bread, soft fruits.
- Quench your thirst from a bottle, drinker. Some babies take sips from mugs.
- Try to eat with a spoon, but in most cases they prefer to take food with their hands.
- Pull the handles under the stream of water for washing, casually wipe yourself with a towel.
- At the request of the mother, insert the legs into the shoes, stretch the hands into the sleeves. Many babies are desperate to get dressed, and moms usually make some effort to go out for a walk.
- Start expressing dissatisfaction with wet or soiled panties. At the age of one, some children are already asking for a potty.
At this age, the baby wants to be like mom and dad and carefully repeats your every action. Watch your own actions so as not to accidentally instill an undesirable behavior pattern in your offspring.
Remember, you are the main teacher, so show new ways to interact with objects: how to build Easter cakes, kick the ball, stroke the cat.
Do not be discouraged if your child's performance does not match the above list one hundred percent. These are averaged data, so the child may be slightly behind the age norms or, on the contrary, significantly ahead of them.
Do not forget that children are not required to follow generally accepted standards, they develop according to their own, individual schedule.
If parents know what a child should be able to do at 1 month old, then they will be able to direct the physiological and mental development of a newborn baby in the right direction. Many changes are practically not noticeable, but during the first 30 days from the moment of birth, the baby acquires new reflexes, skills, begins to pronounce the first sounds that differ from crying.
Child development in the first month of life
The first month of a newborn's life is the most difficult period when the child adapts to new conditions, so it is important to create conditions for its full development so that the baby grows up healthy. All procedures are very simple. These include:
- correct daily routine;
- timely feeding;
- massage and gymnastics;
- daytime and evening swimming;
- communication with parents.
The last point is very important. Young parents believe that the baby at this age is still too small. However, he begins to distinguish the voices of dad, mom and other family members from other sounds and calms down when he hears them. It has been proven that in the future the child develops actively if parents are engaged with him from birth. Communication methods include:
- singing children's songs;
- listening to classical or other calm music;
- "lissing" with a baby;
- display of bright objects, photos and toys.
What should a child do in a month
The entire first month of a newborn is periods consisting of feeding, wakefulness and sleep. At this time, the infant is able to sleep for 3-5 hours even during the day. Mom should not worry about this, because this behavior is normal for the first few weeks. During periods of wakefulness, it is recommended to carry out various procedures - therapeutic exercises, classes and bathing. Then you can deal with the baby, showing him bright toys and including children's songs.
After the first thirty days have passed since the birth of the child, the local pediatrician examines him at home. He takes measurements and conducts special tests that will help determine what the baby can do at 1 month. The doctor writes down all observations and compares with the average scores for boys and girls. Such an examination helps to identify many violations in infancy.
Baby reflexes
The reaction of the baby to external irritation is called a reflex. From birth, the baby has only unconditioned reflexes that are inherent in all mammals. Gradually there is an adaptation to the outside world and the acquisition of new skills. The main reflexes of a child at 1 month include the following:
- Searching - turning the head towards the stimulus that touched the cheek.
- Grasping - reflex squeezing by handles of any object. The baby begins to hold mom's fingers or a toy.
- Sucking reflex - making characteristic movements with the lips as soon as something gets into the mouth.
- Babkina - after pressing on the palm, the child begins to actively turn his head to the sides, trying to find the chest.
- Protective - if the child is placed on his stomach, he will turn his head to the side or up and try to hold it.
- Stepping - taking steps while standing on a flat surface and leaning forward.
- Crawling - repulsion with legs and making movements resembling crawling. In this case, the baby should be on his stomach, and the adult should put pressure on his feet.
Physical development
In terms of physical development, a one-month-old baby looks completely different than a newborn. He can no longer be left alone on the changing table during sunbathing, although he still does not know how to roll over on his own. The baby constantly makes movements with arms and legs. These actions are involuntary, but active. What any baby should be able to do at 1 month old is the ability to hold the head for a few seconds when laid out on the stomach.
When checking the grasping skill, you can notice that the baby actively clings to the fingers of an adult, so much that he even rises slightly above the table. This is also a good indicator of physical development. When conducting such a test, you need to put a diaper or a flat pillow under the child’s head so that he does not accidentally hit if he releases his fingers.
facial expressions
The list of what a child should be able to do at 1 month also includes facial expressions. He begins to make faces, which you can guess about his mood, in addition, he already knows how to understand the emotions of adults. At this time, the baby already has an emotional reaction to affectionate words. He smiles when he sees his mother. You can develop the facial skills of the crumbs with the help of a simple exercise called the “mirror”. An adult sticks out his tongue, puffs out his cheeks or smiles, and the child tries to repeat facial expressions.
Hearing
Unlike a newborn who does not respond to conversations or music, a one-month-old baby's hearing is very well developed. He begins to react to noises and is able to distinguish sounds - familiar and unfamiliar, loud and quiet. In order to develop hearing, you need to ring a rattle from different sides, the baby must turn his head to the auditory stimulus. The usual response to a sharp, sudden sound is crying. This happens even if the baby is in deep sleep.
Speech features
The perception of someone else's speech occurs from the first days. If a normal mental development of a child occurs at 1 month, then by this time his monotonous cry already has an intonation that can be distinguished depending on what the baby wants. In addition, in a calm state, various sounds appear that serve as the basis for future speech. So far, these are only vowels - “a”, “y”, “i”, “e”.
Video
Infancy is considered a difficult period. There is a table of child development, which states how long it takes to wait for certain signs of development.
The baby is considered a newborn for the first 40 days after birth. Table of average parametric values in the first month and up to 40 days after birth.
The baby sleeps up to 40 days about 20 hours a day. When the baby sleeps, his legs are pressed against the tummy.
In the first weeks, the child has the necessary innate reflexes for further development.
A month old baby already reacts to sound and bright light. He manages to fix his attention on a bright object only after the third week. By the end of the 4th week, a monthly baby can not only hold the head, but also turns it.
In the first days after discharge, mothers often worry about the question of how long children are swaddled. Children are usually swaddled up to 40 days. It is believed that at this time they have little control over their movements and wake themselves during sleep. After 40 days, only the legs are swaddled.
Second month of child development
By the 40th day after birth, the baby begins to examine toys, follows their movement. At two months, he can already distinguish night from day. During the day, the child begins to wake up more time.
A child at two months old, if put on its side, will be able to turn on its back. When a mother talks to a child, he begins to smile in response.
Games should be aimed at developing attention. You can arrange a small puppet show. Put a toy that squeaks in the hands of the baby, hang toys over the bed so that his hands and legs can reach them.
Features of the third month of life
When someone is talking, the child frowns if the voice is stern and begins to smile if the intonation is affectionate. When they start talking to him, he joyfully makes sounds, waves his arms and legs (revitalization complex). If you hold him by the handles, he tries to put his legs on the surface. He likes to sit on the hands of adults, while he must hold his head.
The revitalization complex in children under one year of age occurs in response not only to their mother's smile, but also at the sight of a toy, the sounds of their favorite music, after eating. By the end of this period, he can already rub his eyes with his hands, examine his fingers.
It is believed that at this age you can put the child on his feet. If the children are in a good mood, or they are talking to the child, then he begins to walk.
They conduct classes on a large ball (you can roll it in different directions), you can lay out toys in front of the baby so that the child shows a desire to reach out to them, you can put bright socks on his arms and legs or hang bells.
Features of the fourth month of life
At four months after birth, two daytime sleeps are established. The daily routine includes about 6 feedings. The first attempts of the child to sit on their own appear. By the end of the month, he can sit with support. When the baby is held by the handles, he can confidently put his legs, steps over them. Begins to learn to roll over from back to tummy.
During the game, examines, feels toys. A child at four months begins to distinguish colors and shapes of objects. Classes with the baby can be carried out using musical toys. Paper is offered that can be torn or kneaded (development of fine motor skills).
Fifth month of life
The baby should grab toys that hang over the crib, roll over on their own from their back to their tummy, and show a desire to sit. When he is held by the handles, he confidently begins to put his legs.
Classes are aimed at developing motor skills (you can give balls with different surfaces), children like hide-and-seek ("cuckoo"), we should not forget about massage and rhymes.
Features of the sixth month of a child's life
The kid must clearly pronounce syllables. At this age, he is better at sitting, but still with support. The child can play for a long time - he is interested in toys. Favorite toys and books appear. Developing activities may include games for opening and closing objects, patties, toys with pressing any buttons.
Features of the seventh month of life
Leaning on the palms and knees, the children begin to crawl well. But not all children go through this stage of development, some immediately begin to walk. They can easily turn from back to tummy and vice versa.
He loves hide-and-seek, when they ask the question “Where?”, The baby directs his gaze towards the found object. A 7-month-old baby should be able to grab toys in any position. Can transfer a toy from one hand to another.
Classes include games with musical instruments (drum, hammer), games with cereals, books, cubes will attract attention.
Development in the eighth month of life
The kid repeats the studied movements after an adult, knows how to sit without support, sits down, stands up, holding on to a support, walks along the side.
Classes include games: picking up a pyramid, folding cubes, the child is able to perform reverse and direct actions. Favorite games can be "Ladushki", hide and seek, picking up nesting dolls. The child can sit alone for a long time, playing with toys. To the question "Where?" the child points with his finger.
By this time, the baby is so attached to his mother that he begins to experience a short separation from her hard, especially if he is breastfed.
Ninth month of life
The child identifies himself, knows his name and responds to it, performs various actions with objects, can drink from a mug. The skill of walking is being improved, while still with support.
When there is no object on the way to hold on to, the baby switches to crawling.
10 month baby development
At 10 months, the baby should be able to repeat movements, sounds, syllables after an adult. At this time, he manages to firmly put his feet on the floor, he can take a few steps. It is believed that it is impossible to put children on legs up to 10 months, since their spine is not fully formed.
At 10 months, fine motor skills develop - the baby can hold objects with two fingers. He collects toys in a box, takes them out, learns to assemble the pyramid correctly.
Eleventh month of life
Designation words appear in speech (av-av - dog, bi-bi - car), the baby can show how to lay the doll, finds eyes, a nose at the proposed image, begins to walk independently. He still does not always succeed in placing his legs correctly, so he often falls.
The first games with a doll appear. All your emotions are lived in her image. Children 10-11 months old in the picture in the book easily find familiar images and designate them with a word (doll - lala, duck - ha-ha). Recognize themselves in the photographs.
twelfth month
The baby's vocabulary expands to 10 words, he sits, walks, gets up on his own, must be able to follow simple instructions.
There is such a thing as a crisis in children of the first year of life or a crisis of independence.
The crisis of one year has the following features:
- behavior worsens: stubbornness, persistence, disobedience appear;
- behavior is characterized by the emergence of new ways of solving a particular situation;
- behavior with contradictions (asks for one thing, in the end he needs another).
At what age skills begin to appear in children under one year old, the table will help to figure it out.
Age, months Main achievement 1 Lying on the stomach, raises the chin 2 Lying on the stomach, raises the chest 3 Tries to grab a toy 4 Begins to sit with assistance 5 Likes to sit, grabs objects 6 Can sit at his own chair 7 sits down by himself 8 Worth with help 9 Standing holding on to a support 10 crawls well 11 Walks with assistance 12 First steps
No less important is the speech development of children up to a year. The table shows the features of its development by months.
Important questions about one year of age
A breastfed baby gains weight more slowly than a formula-fed baby. On average, the difference will be about 400 grams.
The table clearly shows how weight and height gain occurs in children under one year old.
Age, months Increase in height, cm Weight gain, g 1 3-4 700 2 3,5 800 3 2-3 850 4 2-3 800 5 2-3 750 6 2-3 650 7 2-3 600 8 2-3 500 9 1-2 450 10 1-2 400 11 1-2 350 12 1-2 300 The peculiarity is that the child gains in height and weight not slowly, but in jumps. These periods cause changes in the emotional sphere of the baby, and his behavior also changes. He becomes capricious, constantly asking for hands. The problems are related to the fact that as they grow, muscles and ligaments begin to stretch, and this causes discomfort to the child.
The crisis associated with a jump in height and weight falls on the following periods of child development up to a year:
- the end of the 3rd week;
- 6-8 weeks;
- end of 3rd, 6th and 9th months.
Sometimes parents experience difficulties associated with raising and caring for a baby. It is especially difficult for those whose children are breastfed. A nanny for an infant will help care for and eliminate problems that arise in the first months.
The duties of a nanny include looking after the baby when there are no parents nearby, going to the clinic, walking on the street, cooking, keeping the child's body clean.
If the baby is breastfed, there may be problems with a lack of milk. Lactation crisis in the first months of breastfeeding occurs in all women. The most common breastfeeding crisis occurs at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months. Lasts from 3 to 7 days.
Signs that determine the crisis during breastfeeding: the child's behavior becomes nervous, he cries and is naughty near the breast, there is no feeling of breast filling.
Problems of this kind with breastfeeding are most often associated with the fact that as the baby grows, he needs more nutrients. A woman's body needs several days (a maximum of a week) for milk to begin to be produced in sufficient quantities.
Clothing options
To understand what sizes of clothes for children, the table will help.
Sizes of tights for children are selected according to the height of the child. To figure out what sizes of tights you need to select, the following table will help.
Height, cm Foot size, cm 50-56 7 56-62 8 62-68 9 68-74 9-10 74-80 11-12 cm 80-86 12-13 Sizes for caps are removed from the head as follows: a centimeter tape is located along the eyebrows, above the ears and along the back of the head.
The table will clearly help you figure out what sizes of hats are suitable for a particular month of child development.
Age, months Head size, cm boys Girls 0 34-35 34 1 37 36 2 39 38 3 40 39 4 41-42 40-41 5 42-44 41-42 6 43-44 42-43 7 44-45 43-44 8 45 43-44 9 45-46 44-45 10 46 45 11 46-47 45-46 12 46-47 45-46 Proper care of the child will ensure its harmonious development.
What should a child be able to do by months!
1 month
The child must be able
- lying on your stomach on a flat surface, raise your head for a short time;
- focus on the face
- respond to communication with him - stop crying - focus on an adult.
May also be able
- follow the gaze of an object moving in an arc in front of his face at a distance of 15-20 cm;
- lying on the stomach, raise the head to 45°;
- make sounds other than crying (for example, cooing);
- smile in response to your smile.
2 months
Smile in response to your smile;
- make sounds other than crying (for example, gurgling).
Lying on your stomach, raise your head and even your chest by 45 °;
- hold the rattle with the bases or fingertips;
- reach for objects
- to join hands;
- laughing out loud; - squeal with delight.
3 months
Lying on your stomach, raise your head 45 °; perk up when communicating with adults, gurgle.
- smile distractedly;
- keep the head on the same level with the body when they try to plant it;
- turn to voices, especially the voice of the mother; - make a snorting sound.
4 months
Lying on your stomach, raise your head 90 °;
- laugh out loud;
- follow the gaze of an object moving in an arc in front of his face at a distance of 15 cm in the range of 180 ° (from one side to the other).
Transfer part of the weight to the legs in an upright position;
- sit without support;
- object if you try to take away a toy from him.
5 months
Keep your head firmly in an upright position;
- roll over (to one side);
- pay attention to a very small object;
- "sing" sounds, changing intonation.
- stand holding on to someone or something;
- make an effort to get to a toy that is out of reach;
- transfer an object from one hand to another;
- look for a dropped object;
- rake a small object towards you and clamp it in your fist;
- babble, pronouncing various combinations of vowels and consonants.
6 months
Pronounce some vowels and consonants or combinations thereof;
- sit without support (six and a half months).
Pull up to a standing position from a sitting position;
7 months
Sitting without support;
- make a wet snorting sound.
Play peek-a-boo (by 7 months and ¼ months);
- pick up a small object with the thumb and forefinger;
- clearly pronounce "mom" or "dad".
8 months
Transferring objects from one hand to the other (usually by 8 months and 1/2 months);
- look for a dropped object.
Stand holding on to someone or something;
- pick up a small object from the surface with the thumb and forefinger;
- walk holding on to furniture;
- stand for a short time without assistance;
9 months
Make an effort to get to a toy that is out of his reach.
Play ball (roll it back to you);
- drink from a cup without assistance;
- clearly pronounce "dad" or "mother";
- Respond with a gesture to a short command, such as "Give it to me."
10 months
Stand holding on to something;
- try to get up from a sitting position;
- object if you try to take away a toy from him;
- indistinctly pronounce "mom" or "dad";
- play peek-a-boo.
Clearly pronounce "dad" (by 10 months) or "mom" (by 11 months);
- it is good to stand without outside help;
- use infant jargon (babbling that sounds like a child is speaking a foreign language invented by him);
- pronounce one more word, except for "mom" or "dad", "give";
- walk.
11 months
Sit down on your own from a position on your stomach;
- pick up a small object from the surface with any part of the thumb and forefinger (by 10 months and 1/4 month);
- understand the word "impossible" (but not always obey).
Play patty (clap your hands) or wave goodbye;
- pronounce 3 (or more) words, except for "mom" or "dad";
- respond with a gesture to a short command, such as "give it to me";
- it's good to walk.
12 months
- walk holding onto furniture (by 12 months and 2/3 months);
- understand the word "no";
- fulfill simple requests;
- to know his name.
Good to walk;
- pronounce 5 or more words, except for "mom", "dad";
- play "Magpie-Crow";
- actively draw scribbles with a pencil or crayons.
Child's vocabulary
3 months
- separate vowel sounds appear, later the sounds “m”, “g”, “k”, “n” will join them.
6 months
- syllables are born from sounds: ma, ba, yes.
10 months
- 2-3 “babble” words appear: “mother”, “woman”, “lyalya”.
2 years
- vocabulary ranges from 20 to 100 words. The child is able to show parts of the body.
2 years 6 months
- correctly uses pronouns in speech, repeats two numbers in the correct sequence.
3 years
- Vocabulary from 300 to 800 words. Uses sentences of five to eight words, has mastered the plural of nouns and verbs. He gives his name, gender and age, understands the meaning of simple prepositions - performs tasks such as “put the cube under the cup”, “put the cube in the box”, uses simple prepositions and conjunctions in the sentence.
4 years
- in speech there are complex and complex sentences, prepositions, conjunctions are used. Vocabulary 1500-2000 words, including words denoting temporal and spatial concepts.
5 years
- vocabulary increases to 2500-3000. Actively uses generalizing words ("clothing", "vegetables", "animals", etc.), names a wide range of objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. In words, there are no more gaps, permutations of sounds and syllables. All parts of speech are used in the sentence.
5-7 years
- the child's vocabulary increases to 3500 words, it actively accumulates figurative words and expressions, stable phrases.
1 month
- when he hears a sound, he is alert, listens,
- reacts to communication with him: stops crying, focuses on an adult;
- during quiet wakefulness, it makes sounds for a short time, as if talking to itself;
- follows the movement of the lips of the parents, moves his lips, as if imitating the movements of an adult
- during the day, turn on a variety of music, alternating calm and active melodies, listen to vocal music, sing along;
- communicate with the child, imitate his sounds;
- if you are not at home during the day, make an audio recording of your speech, let the child listen.
- the child never screams before feeding;
- the baby has problems with sucking. The same muscles are involved in the process of sucking and pronouncing sounds, therefore, children who experience difficulties in feeding may subsequently suffer from dysarthria - a violation of pronunciation due to insufficient innervation of the articulatory apparatus.
2 month
Speech develops normally if the child:
- smiles when communicating with parents;
- accompanies his joy with the pronunciation of simple vowel sounds: "a", "e", "o".
To stimulate speech development:
- continue to support a diverse sound environment, communicate with the child;
- comment on your actions.
3 month
Speech develops normally if the child:
- Gulit: pronounces sounds like "ay", "ay", "yy", "gyy", also consonants "g", "k", "n".
To stimulate speech development:
- repeat what the child does with theatrical exaggeration. Make faces with the baby. The development of the articulatory apparatus is greatly facilitated by games with protruding tongues. If the child holds the tongue out for a long time, lightly touch the tip of the tongue.
- have conversations with the heir. He (she) to you: “Oh!”, and you: “Of course, O-0!, Exactly.” Pause for the baby's response. When you receive a new "statement", answer in the same spirit. So you form the ability to normal dialogue.
- Call the child by name.
4 month
Speech develops normally if the child:
- continues to walk;
- in response to emotional communication with an adult, it emits laughter - squealing, and by 16 weeks the laughter becomes prolonged.
To stimulate speech development:
- when you speak, put the child's hand on your lips, neck, so that he feels the movement and vibration of the sound;
- each time name objects and actions, showing them. The child perceives rhythmic and rhyming texts better. For example: “water-water, wash my face!” (while swimming). Feel free to come up with your own lyrics: it is important that they have repetition and rhythm.
You need to see a specialist if:
The child never smiles when spoken to.
5 month
Speech develops normally if the child:
- reacts to the direction of the sound, "sings", changing the intonation of the voice. this is the basis for expressive speech, in which interrogative and affirmative phrases are clearly distinguished.
To stimulate speech development:
Pause at the end of repeated sayings, giving the child the opportunity to complete the phrase.
- try to "intercept" crying, screeching and gradually translate them into a melody, into a sound game.
You need to see a specialist if:
the child does not pronounce individual sounds or syllables (ha-ha, ba-ba), does not try, being in the arms of the mother, to look for the objects that the mother calls with his eyes (“Where is dad?”).
6 month
Speech develops normally if the child:
- turns his head to the ringing of a bell;
- pronounces a wide variety of sounds: growls, grumbles, smacks;
- pronounces sounds: “mmm” (crying), pronounces the first syllable “ba” or “ma”;
- listens to the voice of an adult, responds correctly to intonation, recognizes familiar voices.
To stimulate speech development:
- voice objects, animals, movements: something fell - “bang!”, out of sight: “cuckoo”, the dog barks: “aw-aw!”. Knock and say "ba-ba-bam" at the same time. Do it emotionally, have fun. Movement sounding is used even in the rehabilitation of adults who have lost their speech!
- put on a puppet show.
7 month
Speech develops normally if the child:
- uses various vocal reactions to attract the attention of others;
- says syllables: "ba", "da", "ka", etc. So far, this is a monosyllabic babble.
To stimulate speech development:
- imitate animals and objects.
- show pictures of animals and toys, tell how they “speak”.
You need to see a specialist if:
the child does not try to attract attention with any sounds
8 month
Speech develops normally if the child:
- reacts with displeasure, fear or crying to an unfamiliar face
- babbles, i.e. repeats the same syllables: “ba-ba”, “da-da”, “pa-pa”, etc. In speech, he uses sounds: “p, b, m, g, k, e, a.
To stimulate speech development:
- try to read poems with onomatopoeia, pause at the end of familiar rhymes, leaving the child the opportunity to finish. One of the children's favorite poems is "Geese-geese":
- Geese-geese! — ha-ha-ha
- Do you want to eat? - Yes Yes Yes!…
- play hide-and-seek with your child, say “coo-coo” when you are hiding yourself or the child is “hiding”
9 month
Speech develops normally if the child:
- actively communicates with the help of gestures, happily plays "patty";
- pronounces syllables, imitates sounds;
- responds to his name: turns his head, smiles;
- understands the prohibition: “No!”, “it is impossible!” (understands - does not mean obey)
To stimulate speech development:
- Ask the child what he wants. pause, try to wait for an answer. "Will we eat? ... Yes?" Nod at the word "yes"
- Ask where familiar objects are: “Where is our big spoon?” Look around together. If the child is looking in the right direction, praise him, and say: “That's right. Spoon on the table. Let's get a spoon!“
- read little books with bright pictures together. Let the child look through the book. Books choose from thick cardboard or plastic. The child will perceive better pictures with a clearly defined contour, against a contrasting background.
You need to see a specialist if:
The child cannot repeat sound combinations and syllables after adults
10 month
Speech develops normally if the child:
- uses in communication at least 1-2 “babble words” (such as “mom”, “dad”, “lyalya”, “woman”), understandable in a particular situation;
- waves his hand "Goodbye!", plays patty, hide and seek (pronounces "cuckoo")
To stimulate speech development:
- play with the child in rhythmic games with poetic accompaniment;
- speak correctly, clearly, articulated, do not lubricate the pronunciation;
- explain the meaning of words again and again;
- every time you see different animals, depict how they “say”: “Look, doggy. How does the dog bark? Aw-wow!“
You need to see a specialist if:
The child cannot wave his head in denial or agreement, or wave his pen in goodbye.
11 month
Speech develops normally if the child:
- says at least 2 words, except for the words "dad", "mom"
- gives a toy in response to a request;
To stimulate speech development:
- Ask the child about everything that happens to him. if the child does not answer, speak for him, but after a pause: “Let's go for a walk? …. Yes? …Yes!“ (nod)
1 year—1 year and 3 months
Speech develops normally if the child:
- says at least 3 words, except for the words "dad", "mother";
- gives several items, having heard their name in response to a request.
To stimulate speech development:
Make up pictures with your child.
- read short stories and fairy tales from bright books. Books made according to the principle are best suited: phrases - an illustration for the phrase. From fairy tales, I can recommend "Turnip".
- after 1 year he cannot utter a word, does not listen to music, cannot fulfill the simplest requests (bring a ball);
- by the age of 1 and 3 months, he cannot adequately use the words “mother” and “dad”.
1 year and 3 months - 1 year and 6 months
Speech develops normally if the child:
- speaks from 6 to 58 words. Speaks words of three syllables, for example: "kapaka" (dog)
Follows simple two- or three-word instructions. Begins to cope with two-step commands, for example: “bring and put down the mug!”;
To stimulate speech development:
Read as much as you can out loud, especially poetry. Encourage the child to complete the lines, praise for each attempt;
- teach the child to blow (this skill is useful for the correct pronunciation of the sounds "s", "sh", "z" and others). Show how you purse your lips and blow (blow off a piece of cotton wool, dandelion parachutes, a tissue paper butterfly). Ask the child to blow, "make a breeze". Let the first exhalation be at least a nose, the main thing is to see the result.
You need to see a specialist if your child:
- by the end of a year and a half cannot pronounce 6 meaningful words; cannot show body parts that an adult tells him.
