Changes in the composition of a military personnel's family. Problems of determining the composition of a serviceman’s family when providing housing. Correct identification of military family members
Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak was born on June 7, 1887 in the Ukrainian village of Kotelva into an ordinary peasant family. He had five brothers and four sisters. Since childhood, he helped his parents with housework. Plowed, sowed, mowed grass, looked after livestock. He attended a parochial school, where he received his most elementary education. At the age of ten, young Sidor began working for a local merchant and shopkeeper, rising to the rank of clerk by the time he came of age. He served in the Alexander Regiment, stationed in Saratov. After graduation, he stayed in this city, working as a loader in a river port.
When the First World War began, Kovpak was mobilized into the army. In 1916, fighting as part of the 186th Aslanduz Infantry Regiment, he took part in the famous Brusilov breakthrough. Sidor Artemovich was a scout, even then standing out among the rest with his savvy and ability to find a way out of any situation. He was wounded several times. In the spring of 1916, Tsar Nicholas II, who personally came to the front, among others, awarded young Kovpak two medals “For Bravery” and the Cross of St. George III and IV degrees.
After the start of the revolution, Kovpak chose the side of the Bolsheviks. When in 1917 the Aslanduz regiment went into reserve, ignoring Kerensky’s order to attack, Sidor, along with other soldiers, returned home to his native Kotelva. The civil war forced him to rebel against the regime of Hetman Skoropadsky. Hiding in the forests, Sidor Artemovich learned the basics of partisan military art. The Kotelvsky detachment, led by Kovpak, bravely fought with the German-Austrian occupiers of Ukraine, and later, united with the soldiers of Alexander Parkhomenko, with Denikin’s troops. In 1919, when his squad fought out of war-torn Ukraine, Kovpak decided to join the Red Army. In the 25th Chapaev Division, as a commander of a platoon of machine gunners, he fights first on the Eastern Front, and then on the Southern Front with General Wrangel. For his courage he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
After the end of the Civil War, Kovpak decides to engage in economic work. Also, having become a member of the RCP (b) in 1919, he worked as a military commissar. In 1926, he was elected director of the military cooperative farm in Pavlograd, and then chairman of the Putivl agricultural cooperative, which supplied provisions to the army. After the approval of the USSR Constitution of 1936, Sidor Artemovich was elected as a deputy of the Putivl City Council, and at its first meeting in 1937 - chairman of the city executive committee of the Sumy region. In peaceful life he was distinguished by exceptional hard work and initiative. In the thirties, many former “red” Ukrainian partisans were arrested by the NKVD. Several thousand people were shot in the Poltava region alone. Only thanks to his old comrades who occupied prominent positions in the NKVD, Kovpak was saved from inevitable death.
In the early autumn of 1941, the Nazi invaders approached Putivl. Kovpak, who was already 55 years old at that moment, toothless and suffering from old wounds, was hiding with nine friends in the nearby Spadshchansky forest area measuring 10 by 15 kilometers. There the group finds a food warehouse that Kovpak prepared ahead of time. At the end of September, they were joined by Red Army soldiers from the encirclement, and in October - by a detachment led by Semyon Rudnev, who became Kovpak’s closest friend and comrade-in-arms during the Great Patriotic War. The detachment increases to 57 people. not much, even less cartridges. However, Kovpak decides to start a war with the Nazis to the bitter end.
The headquarters of the Sumy partisan unit headed by S.A. Kovpak discusses the upcoming operation. In the center near the map are the formation commander Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak and Commissioner Semyon Vasilyevich Rudnev. In the foreground, one of the partisans is typing something on a typewriter.
In Ukraine, in the first days of the occupation, a huge number of forest groups were formed, but the Putivl detachment immediately managed to stand out among them with its daring and at the same time carefully-calibrated actions. Everything that Kovpak did did not fit into the normal rules. His partisans never sat in one place for long. During the day they hid in the forests, and moved and attacked the enemy at night. The detachments always walked in a roundabout way, hiding behind barriers from large enemy units. Small German detachments, outposts, and garrisons were destroyed to the last man. The marching formation of the partisans could take up a perimeter defense in a matter of minutes and begin to fire to kill. The main forces were covered by mobile sabotage groups, which blew up bridges, wires, and rails, distracting and disorienting the enemy. Coming to populated areas, the partisans raised people to fight, armed and trained them.
At the end of 1941, Kovpak’s combat detachment carried out a raid in the Khinelsky forests, and in the spring of 1942 - in the Bryansk forests. The detachment grew to five hundred people and was well armed. The second raid began on May 15 and lasted until July 24, passing through the Sumy region to the well-known Sidor Artemovich. Kovpak was a genius for covert movement. After performing a series of complex and lengthy maneuvers, the partisans unexpectedly attacked where they were not expected at all, creating the effect of being present in several places at once. They spread terror among the Nazis, blowing up tanks, destroying warehouses, and derailing trains. The Kovpakovites fought without any support, not even knowing where the front was. Everything was captured in battles. Explosives were mined from minefields.
Kovpak often repeated: “My supplier is Hitler.”
In the spring of 1942, on his birthday, he gave himself a gift and captured Putivl. And after a while he went into the forests again. At the same time, Kovpak did not look like a brave warrior at all. The outstanding partisan resembled an elderly grandfather taking care of his household. He skillfully combined soldier's experience with economic activity, and boldly tried new options for tactical and strategic methods of partisan warfare. Among its commanders and fighters were mainly workers, peasants, teachers and engineers.
Partisan detachment S.A. Kovpaka passes along the street of a Ukrainian village
“He is quite modest, he did not so much teach others as he studied himself, he knew how to admit his mistakes, thereby not exacerbating them,” wrote Alexander Dovzhenko about Kovpak.
Sidor Artemovich was easy to communicate with, humane and fair. He understood people very well, knew how to correctly use either the carrot or the stick.
Vershigora described Kovpak’s partisan camp as follows: “The master’s eye, the confident, calm rhythm of camp life and the hum of voices in the thicket of the forest, the leisurely but not slow life of confident people working with self-esteem - this is my first impression of Kovpak’s detachment.”
During the raid, Kovpak was especially strict and picky. He said that the success of any battle depends on insignificant “little things” that were not taken into account in time: “Before you enter God’s temple, think about how to get out of it.”
At the end of spring 1942, for his exemplary performance of combat missions behind enemy lines and his heroism, Kovpak was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and his comrade-in-arms Rudnev, who served time before the war as an enemy of the people, was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.
It is indicative that after Kovpak was awarded the Order of Commissar Semyon Rudnev, he returned it with the words: “My political officer is not some kind of milkmaid to be awarded such an order!”
Joseph Vissarionovich, interested in the successes of the partisan movement in Ukraine, decided to take control of the situation. At the very end of the summer of 1942, Sidor Artemyevich visited Moscow, where, together with other partisan leaders, he took part in a meeting, which resulted in the creation of the Main Partisan Headquarters, headed by Voroshilov. After this, Kovpak began to receive orders and weapons from Moscow.
Hero of the Soviet Union, commander of the Sumy partisan unit Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak (sitting in the center, with the Hero's star on his chest) surrounded by his comrades. To the left of Kovpak is Chief of Staff G.Ya. Bazyma, to the right of Kovpak - assistant commander for housekeeping M.I. Pavlovsky
Kovpak’s first task was to carry out a raid across the Dnieper into Right Bank Ukraine, conduct reconnaissance in force and organize sabotage in the depths of German fortifications before the offensive of Soviet troops in the summer of 1943. In mid-autumn 1942, Kovpak's partisan detachments went on a raid. Having crossed the Dnieper, Desna and Pripyat, they ended up in the Zhitomir region, carrying out the unique operation “Sarnen Cross”. At the same time, five railway bridges on the highways of the Sarny junction were blown up and the garrison in Lelchitsy was destroyed. For the operation carried out in April 1943, Kovpak was awarded the rank of “Major General”.
In the summer of 1943, his formation, at the command of the Central Headquarters, began its most famous campaign - the Carpathian raid. The detachment’s path ran through the deepest rear areas of the Nazis. The partisans had to constantly make unusual transitions through open areas. There were no supply bases nearby, just like help and support. The formation traveled more than 10,000 kilometers, fighting Bandera, regular German units and the elite SS troops of General Kruger. With the latter, by the way, the Kovpakovites fought the bloodiest battles of the entire war. As a result of the operation, the delivery of military equipment and enemy troops to the Kursk Bulge area was delayed for a long time. Finding themselves surrounded, the partisans were able to escape with great difficulty, dividing into several autonomous groups. A few weeks later, in the Zhitomir forests, they again united into one formidable detachment.
During the Carpathian raid, Semyon Rudnev was killed, and Sidor Artemyevich was seriously wounded in the leg. At the end of 1943, he went to Kyiv for treatment and did not fight again. For the successful conduct of the operation on January 4, 1944, Major General Kovpak received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the second time. In February 1944, the partisan detachment of Sidor Kovpak was renamed into the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division of the same name. It was headed by Lieutenant Colonel P.P. Vershigora. Under his command, the division made two more successful raids, first in the western regions of Ukraine and Belarus, and then in Poland.
After the end of the war, Kovpak lived in Kyiv, finding work in the Supreme Court of Ukraine, where he was Deputy Chairman of the Presidium for twenty years. The legendary partisan commander enjoyed great love among the people. In 1967, he became a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR.
He died on December 11, 1967 at the age of 81. The hero was buried at the Baikovo cemetery in Kyiv. Sidor Artemovich had no children.
The tactics of Kovpak’s partisan movement received wide recognition far beyond the borders of our Motherland. The partisans of Angola, Rhodesia and Mozambique, Vietnamese field commanders and revolutionaries from various Latin American countries learned from the examples of the Kovpakov raids. In 1975 at the film studio named after. A. Dovzhenko shot a feature film trilogy about the partisan detachment of Kovpak called “The Thought of Kovpak.” To celebrate the 70th anniversary of the partisan movement in Ukraine in 2011, the Era TV channel and the Paterik-film studio produced a documentary film “His name was GRANDFATHER.” On June 8, 2012, the National Bank of Ukraine issued a commemorative coin with the image of Kovpak. A bronze bust of the Hero of the Soviet Union was installed in the village of Kotelva, monuments and memorial plaques are available in Putivl and Kyiv. Streets in many Ukrainian cities and villages are named after him. In Ukraine and Russia there are a number of museums dedicated to Sidor Artemovich. The largest of them is located in the city of Glukhov, Sumy region.
Among other things, you can find here a trophy German road sign with the inscription: “Caution, Kovpak!”
His name was DED. Kovpak (Ukraine) 2011
In July 1941, a partisan detachment was formed in Putivl to fight behind enemy lines, the commander of which was approved by the Putivl district party committee S.A. Kovpaka. The material and technical base of the detachment was laid in the Spadshchansky forest.
From the very first battles, the detachment was helped by the combat experience of the detachment commander S.A. Kovpak, tactics, courage and ability to navigate in the most difficult situations.
On October 19, 1941, fascist tanks broke into the Spadshchansky forest. A battle ensued, as a result of which the partisans captured three tanks. Having lost a large number of soldiers and military equipment, the enemy was forced to retreat and return to Putivl. This became a turning point in the combat activities of the partisan detachment.
Subsequently, Kovpak’s detachment changed its tactics to mobile raids along the rear, while simultaneously striking at the enemy’s rear units.
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Sidor Artemyevich
Battles and victories
Legendary partisan leader, commander of a number of partisan formations during the Great Patriotic War, military and party leader, major general, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Kovpak was a genius for covert movement; after complex and lengthy maneuvers, the partisans unexpectedly attacked where they were not expected at all, creating the effect of being present in several places at once. The success of Kovpak's raid tactics was appreciated in Moscow, and his experience was extended to the entire guerrilla war.
Sidor Artemyevich (Artemovich) Kovpak was born on June 7, 1887 in the Ukrainian village of Kotelva into an ordinary peasant family, he had five brothers and four sisters. Since childhood, he helped his parents with housework. Like any peasant, from dawn to dawn he was engaged in hard physical labor. He attended a parochial school, where he received the basics of primary education. At the age of ten, he began working for a local merchant and shopkeeper, rising to the rank of clerk. He served in the Alexander Regiment, stationed in Saratov. After graduation, he decided to stay in the city, finding work as a loader at a river port.
With the outbreak of the First World War, Kovpak was mobilized into the army, as part of the 186th Aslanduz Infantry Regiment, he took part in the famous Brusilov breakthrough. Sidor Artemyevich was a scout by mentality, standing out among other soldiers for his savvy and ability to find a way out of any situation. He was wounded several times in battles and raids. In the spring of 1916, Tsar Nicholas II, who personally came to the front, among others, awarded young Kovpak two medals “For Bravery” and the Cross of St. George III and IV degrees.
After the start of the revolution, Kovpak joined the Bolsheviks. When in 1917 the Aslanduz regiment went into reserve, ignoring Kerensky’s order to attack, he, along with other soldiers, returned home to his native Kotelva. The civil war forced him to rebel against the regime of Hetman Skoropadsky, learning the basics of partisan military art. The Kotelvsky detachment, led by Kovpak, successfully fought against the German-Austrian occupiers of Ukraine, and later, united with the fighters of Alexander Parkhomenko, against Denikin’s troops. In 1919, when his detachment fought out of war-torn Ukraine, Kovpak decided to join the Red Army.
As part of the 25th Chapaev Division, as a commander of a platoon of machine gunners, he fought first on the Eastern Front, and then on the Southern Front with General Wrangel. For his courage he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
After the end of the Civil War, Kovpak was engaged in economic work, was a military commissar, and joined the party. In 1926, he was elected director of the military cooperative farm in Pavlograd, and then chairman of the Putivl agricultural cooperative, which supplied food to the army. After the approval of the USSR Constitution of 1936, Sidor Artemyevich was elected as a deputy of the Putivl City Council, and at its first meeting in 1937 - chairman of the Putivl City Executive Committee of the Sumy Region. In peaceful life he was distinguished by exceptional hard work and initiative.
In the thirties, many former “red” Ukrainian partisans were repressed by the NKVD. Apparently, only thanks to old comrades who occupied prominent positions in the NKVD, Kovpak was saved from inevitable death.
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In the early autumn of 1941, when German troops approached Putivl, Kovpak, who was already 55 years old at that time, together with his comrades, organized a detachment in the nearby Spadshchansky forest area measuring 10 by 15 kilometers. Kovpak organized a warehouse with food and ammunition in advance. At the end of September, they were joined by Red Army soldiers from the encirclement, and in October - by a detachment led by Semyon Rudnev, who became Kovpak’s closest friend and comrade-in-arms during the Great Patriotic War. The detachment increases to 57 people and becomes quite combat-ready in armed clashes with the enemy - despite the lack of weapons. Kovpak personally declares war against the Nazis “to the bitter end.”
On October 19, 1941, fascist tanks broke into the Spadshchansky forest. In the ensuing battle, the partisans captured 3 tanks. Having lost a large number of soldiers and military equipment, the enemy was forced to retreat and return to Putivl. On December 1, 1941, about three thousand German soldiers, supported by artillery and mortars, began an attack on the Spadshchansky forest. This episode of the war became a turning point in the combat activities of the Kovpak partisan detachment. S.A. Kovpak, being a subtle psychologist and a man “of the people,” closely monitored the mood of the partisans, took into account their opinions and perfectly understood how much the success of the battle meant for raising the morale of the fighters and uniting the detachment. The battle was unequal, lasted the whole day and still ended in victory for the partisans. Inspired by the example of the commander and commissar, who fought together with everyone, the partisans did not retreat a single step from the position they had taken, and all enemy attacks were repulsed. The enemy lost about 200 soldiers and officers, the partisans obtained trophies - 5 machine guns and 20 rifles.
In this and all subsequent battles in a critical situation, the combat experience of the detachment commander always helped; his military talent, courage and bravery were revealed, combined with a deep understanding of partisan tactics, with sober calculation and the ability to navigate in the most difficult situations.
Inspired by the victory over a several times stronger enemy, the fighters further strengthened their faith in victory, and the population began to join forces even more boldly
From the diaries of S.A. Kovpaka
However, it was pointless to remain in the Spadshchansky forest any longer. S.A. Kovpak and S.V. Rudnev changed their tactics: the detachment became mobile, delivering crushing blows to the enemy during raids. In these raids, new tactics and strategies were tested, which became a great contribution to the development of partisan warfare, which distinguished the Putivl detachment from others. Everything that Kovpak did did not fit into the standard framework, the usual way of behavior. His partisans never sat in one place for long. During the day they hid in the forests, and moved and attacked the enemy at night. The detachments always walked in a roundabout way, covering themselves from large enemy units with barriers and folds of terrain, carrying out thorough reconnaissance before maneuvers.
Small German units, outposts, and garrisons were destroyed to the last man. The marching formation of the partisans could take up a perimeter defense in a matter of minutes and begin to fire to kill. The main forces were covered by mobile sabotage groups, which blew up bridges, wires, and rails, distracting and disorienting the enemy. Coming to populated areas, the partisans raised people to fight, armed and trained them.
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At the end of 1941, Kovpak’s combat detachment carried out a raid in the Khinelsky forests, and in the spring of 1942 - in the Bryansk forests, during which it was replenished with up to five hundred people and was well armed. The second raid began on May 15 and lasted until July 24, passing through the Sumy district, well known to Sidor Artemyevich. Kovpak was a genius for covert movement; after performing a series of complex and lengthy maneuvers, the partisans unexpectedly attacked where they were not expected at all, creating the effect of being present in several places at once. They sowed panic among the Nazis, blowing up tanks, destroying warehouses, derailing trains and disappearing without a trace. The Kovpakovites fought without any support, not even knowing where the front was. All weapons and ammunition were captured in battles. Explosives were mined from minefields. Kovpak often repeated: “My supplier is Hitler.”
For all his outstanding qualities as a military leader, Kovpak did not look like a gallant warrior at all; he rather resembled an elderly man peacefully taking care of his household. He skillfully combined his personal experience as a soldier with economic activity, and boldly tried new options for tactical and strategic methods of guerrilla warfare. The basis of his detachment were non-military people who had often never held a weapon before - workers, peasants, teachers and engineers. People of peaceful professions, they acted in a coordinated and organized manner, based on the system for organizing the combat and peaceful life of the detachment, established by Kovpak. “He is quite modest, he did not so much teach others as he studied himself, he knew how to admit his mistakes, thereby not exacerbating them,” wrote Alexander Dovzhenko about Kovpak.
Kovpak was simple, even deliberately simple-minded in his communication, humane in his dealings with his soldiers, and with the help of the continuous political and ideological training of his detachment, carried out under the leadership of Commissar Rudnev, he was able to achieve a high level of consciousness and discipline. This feature - the clear organization of all spheres of partisan life in the extremely difficult, unpredictable conditions of war behind enemy lines - made it possible to carry out the most complex operations, unprecedented in their courage and scope.
Scout P.P. Vershigora described Kovpak’s partisan camp in the following way: “The master’s eye, the confident, calm rhythm of camp life and the hum of voices in the thicket of the forest, the leisurely but not slow life of confident people working with self-esteem - this is my first impression of Kovpak’s detachment.”
During the raid, Kovpak was especially strict and picky, rightly reasoning that the success of any battle depends on insignificant “little things” that were not taken into account in time: “Before you enter God’s temple, think about how to get out of it.”
At the end of the spring of 1942, for the exemplary performance of combat missions behind enemy lines and heroism, Kovpak was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and Stalin, interested in the successes of the partisan movement in Ukraine, decided to take control of the situation. At the very end of the summer of 1942, Sidor Artemyevich arrived in Moscow, where, together with other partisan leaders, he took part in a meeting, which resulted in the creation of the Main Partisan Headquarters, headed by Voroshilov. After this, Kovpak’s detachment began to receive orders and weapons from Moscow. The meeting especially emphasized the importance of the partisan movement, as well as the success of Kovpak’s raid tactics. Its essence was fast, maneuverable, secretive movement behind enemy lines with the further creation of new centers of the partisan movement. Such raids, in addition to causing significant damage to enemy troops and collecting intelligence information, had a huge propaganda effect. “The partisans brought the war closer and closer to Germany,” said Marshal Vasilevsky, Chief of the Red Army General Staff, on this occasion.
Moscow set Kovpak’s first task to carry out a raid across the Dnieper into Right Bank Ukraine, conduct reconnaissance in force and organize sabotage in the depths of German fortifications before the offensive of Soviet troops in the summer of 1943. In mid-autumn 1942, Kovpak’s partisan detachments went on a raid. Having crossed the Dnieper, Desna and Pripyat, they ended up in the Zhitomir region, carrying out the unique operation “Sarnen Cross”: at the same time, five railway bridges on the highways of the Sarnensky junction were blown up and the garrison in Lelchitsy was destroyed. For the operation carried out in April 1943, Kovpak was awarded the rank of “Major General”.
In the summer of 1943, his formation began its most famous campaign - the Carpathian raid. The difficulty for the detachment was that fairly large transitions had to be made without cover, in open areas deep in the enemy’s rear. There was nowhere to wait for supplies, support or help. Compatriots could turn out to be traitors. Kovpak's unit traveled hundreds of kilometers, fighting Bandera's troops, regular German units and the elite SS troops of General Kruger. With the latter, the partisans fought the bloodiest battles of the entire war.
As a result of the operation, the delivery of enemy military equipment and troops to the Kursk Bulge area was delayed for a long time, which helped provide our troops with an advantage during the gigantic battle. The Nazis, who sent elite SS units and front-line aviation to destroy Kovpak’s formation, failed to destroy the partisan column. Finding himself surrounded, Kovpak makes an unexpected decision for the enemy to divide the formation into a number of small groups, and with a simultaneous “fan” strike in various directions, break through back to the Polesie forests. This tactical move brilliantly justified itself - all the disparate groups survived, once again uniting into one formidable force - the Kovpakov formation.
Having crossed the river under the cover of artillery, the heroes opened such hurricane fire and rushed at the enemy with such shouts that no commands could be heard. People, our partisan heroes know very well that if the task is set to take, then we must take! We have nowhere to retreat
From the diaries of S.A. Kovpaka
During the Carpathian raid, Sidor Artemyevich was seriously wounded in the leg. At the end of 1943, he left for Kyiv for treatment and did not take part in hostilities anymore. For the successful conduct of the operation on January 4, 1944, Major General Kovpak received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the second time, and in February 1944, the partisan detachment of Sidor Kovpak was renamed the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division of the same name. It was headed by Lieutenant Colonel P.P. Vershigora. Under his command, the division made two more successful raids, first in the western regions of Ukraine and Belarus, and then in Poland.
After the end of the war, Kovpak lived in Kyiv, working in the Supreme Court of Ukraine, where he was Deputy Chairman of the Presidium for twenty years. The legendary partisan commander enjoyed great love among the people. In 1967, he became a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR. Kovpak died on December 11, 1967 at the age of 81. The hero was buried at the Baikovo cemetery in Kyiv. Sidor Artemovich had no children.
The tactics of Kovpak’s partisan movement received wide recognition far beyond the borders of our Motherland. The partisans of Angola, Rhodesia and Mozambique, Vietnamese field commanders and revolutionaries from various Latin American countries learned from the examples of the Kovpakov raids.
On June 8, 2012, the National Bank of Ukraine issued a commemorative coin with the image of Kovpak. A bronze bust of the Hero of the Soviet Union was installed in the village of Kotelva, monuments and memorial plaques are available in Putivl and Kyiv. Streets in many Ukrainian cities and villages are named after him. In Ukraine and Russia there are a number of museums dedicated to Sidor Artemovich. The largest of them is located in the city of Glukhov, Sumy region. Among other things, you can find here a trophy German road sign with the inscription: “Caution, Kovpak!”
SURGHIK D.V., Institute of World History RAS
Literature
Kovpak S.A.. From Putivl to the Carpathians. M., 1945.
Gladkov T.K., Kizya L.E.. Kovpak. M., 1973.
Internet
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Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich
Commander-in-Chief during the Patriotic War of 1812. One of the most famous and beloved military heroes by the people!
Khvorostinin Dmitry Ivanovich
An outstanding commander of the second half of the 16th century. Oprichnik.
Genus. OK. 1520, died on August 7 (17), 1591. At voivode posts since 1560. Participant in almost all military enterprises during the independent reign of Ivan IV and the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich. He has won several field battles (including: the defeat of the Tatars near Zaraisk (1570), the Battle of Molodinsk (during the decisive battle he led Russian troops in Gulyai-gorod), the defeat of the Swedes at Lyamitsa (1582) and near Narva ( 1590)). He led the suppression of the Cheremis uprising in 1583-1584, for which he received the rank of boyar.
Based on the totality of merits of D.I. Khvorostinin stands much higher than what M.I. has already proposed here. Vorotynsky. Vorotynsky was more noble and therefore he was more often entrusted with the general leadership of the regiments. But, according to the commander’s talats, he was far from Khvorostinin.
Ivan III Vasilievich
He united the Russian lands around Moscow and threw off the hated Tatar-Mongol yoke.
In the conditions of the disintegration of the Russian state during the Time of Troubles, with minimal material and personnel resources, he created an army that defeated the Polish-Lithuanian interventionists and liberated most of the Russian state.
Field Marshal General Gudovich Ivan Vasilievich
The assault on the Turkish fortress of Anapa on June 22, 1791. In terms of complexity and importance, it is only inferior to the assault on Izmail by A.V. Suvorov.
A 7,000-strong Russian detachment stormed Anapa, which was defended by a 25,000-strong Turkish garrison. At the same time, shortly after the start of the assault, 8,000 mounted mountaineers and Turks attacked the Russian detachment from the mountains, who attacked the Russian camp, but could not break into it, were repulsed in a fierce battle and pursued by Russian cavalry.
The fierce battle for the fortress lasted over 5 hours. Of the Anapa garrison, about 8,000 people died, 13,532 defenders were taken prisoner, led by the commandant and Sheikh Mansur. A small part (about 150 people) escaped on ships. Almost all artillery was captured or destroyed (83 cannons and 12 mortars), 130 banners were taken. Gudovich sent a separate detachment from Anapa to the nearby Sudzhuk-Kale fortress (on the site of modern Novorossiysk), but upon his approach the garrison burned the fortress and fled to the mountains, abandoning 25 guns.
The losses of the Russian detachment were very high - 23 officers and 1,215 privates were killed, 71 officers and 2,401 privates were wounded (Sytin's Military Encyclopedia gives slightly lower data - 940 killed and 1,995 wounded). Gudovich was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree, all the officers of his detachment were awarded, and a special medal was established for the lower ranks.
Chapaev Vasily Ivanovich
01/28/1887 - 09/05/1919 life. Head of the Red Army division, participant in the First World War and the Civil War.
Recipient of three St. George's Crosses and the St. George's Medal. Knight of the Order of the Red Banner.
On his account:
- Organization of the district Red Guard of 14 detachments.
- Participation in the campaign against General Kaledin (near Tsaritsyn).
- Participation in the campaign of the Special Army to Uralsk.
- An initiative to reorganize the Red Guard detachments into two regiments of the Red Army: them. Stepan Razin and them. Pugachev, united in the Pugachev brigade under the command of Chapaev.
- Participation in battles with the Czechoslovaks and the People's Army, from whom Nikolaevsk was recaptured, renamed in honor of the brigade in Pugachevsk.
- Since September 19, 1918, commander of the 2nd Nikolaev Division.
- Since February 1919 - Commissioner of Internal Affairs of the Nikolaev district.
- Since May 1919 - brigade commander of the Special Alexandrovo-Gai Brigade.
- Since June - the head of the 25th Infantry Division, which participated in the Bugulma and Belebeev operations against Kolchak's army.
- Capture of Ufa by the forces of his division on June 9, 1919.
- The capture of Uralsk.
- A deep raid of a Cossack detachment with an attack on the well-guarded (about 1000 bayonets) and located in the deep rear of the city of Lbischensk (now the village of Chapaev, West Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan), where the headquarters of the 25th division was located.
Spiridov Grigory Andreevich
He became a sailor under Peter I, participated as an officer in the Russian-Turkish War (1735-1739), and ended the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) as a rear admiral. His naval and diplomatic talent reached its peak during the Russian-Turkish War of 1768-1774. In 1769 he led the first passage of the Russian fleet from the Baltic to the Mediterranean Sea. Despite the difficulties of the transition (the admiral's son was among those who died from illness - his grave was recently found on the island of Menorca), he quickly established control over the Greek archipelago. The Battle of Chesme in June 1770 remained unsurpassed in terms of loss ratio: 11 Russians - 11 thousand Turks! On the island of Paros, the naval base of Auza was equipped with coastal batteries and its own Admiralty.
The Russian fleet left the Mediterranean Sea after the conclusion of the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi Peace in July 1774. The Greek islands and lands of the Levant, including Beirut, were returned to Turkey in exchange for territories in the Black Sea region. However, the activities of the Russian fleet in the Archipelago were not in vain and played a significant role in world naval history. Russia, having made a strategic maneuver with its fleet from one theater to another and achieved a number of high-profile victories over the enemy, for the first time made people talk about itself as a strong maritime power and an important player in European politics.
Rurik Svyatoslav Igorevich
Year of birth 942 date of death 972 Expansion of state borders. 965 conquest of the Khazars, 963 march south to the Kuban region, capture of Tmutarakan, 969 conquest of the Volga Bulgars, 971 conquest of the Bulgarian kingdom, 968 founding of Pereyaslavets on the Danube (the new capital of Rus'), 969 defeat of the Pechenegs in the defense of Kiev.
Romanov Alexander I Pavlovich
The de facto commander-in-chief of the allied armies that liberated Europe in 1813-1814. "He took Paris, he founded the Lyceum." The Great Leader who crushed Napoleon himself. (The shame of Austerlitz is not comparable to the tragedy of 1941)
Slashchev Yakov Alexandrovich
A talented commander who repeatedly showed personal courage in the defense of the Fatherland in the First World War. He assessed rejection of the revolution and hostility to the new government as secondary compared to serving the interests of the Motherland.
Drozdovsky Mikhail Gordeevich
Dubynin Viktor Petrovich
From April 30, 1986 to June 1, 1987 - commander of the 40th combined arms army of the Turkestan Military District. The troops of this army made up the bulk of the Limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. During the year of his command of the army, the number of irretrievable losses decreased by 2 times compared to 1984-1985.
On June 10, 1992, Colonel General V.P. Dubynin was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation
His merits include keeping the President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin from a number of ill-conceived decisions in the military sphere, primarily in the field of nuclear forces.
Eremenko Andrey Ivanovich
Commander of the Stalingrad and South-Eastern Fronts. The fronts under his command in the summer and autumn of 1942 stopped the advance of the German 6th field and 4th tank armies towards Stalingrad.
In December 1942, the Stalingrad Front of General Eremenko stopped the tank offensive of General G. Hoth's group on Stalingrad, for the relief of the 6th Army of Paulus.
Bennigsen Leonty Leontievich
Surprisingly, a Russian general who did not speak Russian, became the glory of Russian weapons of the early 19th century.
He made a significant contribution to the suppression of the Polish uprising.
Commander-in-Chief in the Battle of Tarutino.
He made a significant contribution to the campaign of 1813 (Dresden and Leipzig).
Svyatoslav Igorevich
Grand Duke of Novgorod, from 945 of Kiev. Son of Grand Duke Igor Rurikovich and Princess Olga. Svyatoslav became famous as a great commander, whom N.M. Karamzin called “Alexander (Macedonian) of our ancient history.”
After the military campaigns of Svyatoslav Igorevich (965-972), the territory of the Russian land increased from the Volga region to the Caspian Sea, from the North Caucasus to the Black Sea region, from the Balkan Mountains to Byzantium. Defeated Khazaria and Volga Bulgaria, weakened and frightened the Byzantine Empire, opened routes for trade between Rus' and eastern countries
Makhno Nestor Ivanovich
Over the mountains, over the valleys
I've been waiting for my blue ones for a long time
Father is wise, Father is glorious,
Our good father - Makhno...
(peasant song from the Civil War)
He was able to create an army and conducted successful military operations against the Austro-Germans and against Denikin.
And for * carts * even if he was not awarded the Order of the Red Banner, it should be done now
Peter I the Great
Emperor of All Russia (1721-1725), before that the Tsar of All Rus'. He won the Northern War (1700-1721). This victory finally opened up free access to the Baltic Sea. Under his rule, Russia (Russian Empire) became a Great Power.
Olsufiev Zakhar Dmitrievich
One of the most famous military leaders of Bagration's 2nd Western Army. Always fought with exemplary courage. He was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree, for his heroic participation in the Battle of Borodino. He distinguished himself in the battle on the Chernishna (or Tarutinsky) River. His reward for his participation in defeating the vanguard of Napoleon's army was the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd degree. He was called "a general with talents." When Olsufiev was captured and taken to Napoleon, he said to his entourage the words famous in history: “Only Russians know how to fight like that!”
Uborevich Ieronim Petrovich
Soviet military leader, commander of the 1st rank (1935). Member of the Communist Party since March 1917. Born in the village of Aptandrius (now Utena region of the Lithuanian SSR) in the family of a Lithuanian peasant. He graduated from the Konstantinovsky Artillery School (1916). Member of the 1st World War 1914-18, second lieutenant. After the October Revolution of 1917, he was one of the organizers of the Red Guard in Bessarabia. In January - February 1918 he commanded a revolutionary detachment in battles against Romanian and Austro-German interventionists, was wounded and captured, from where he escaped in August 1918. He was an artillery instructor, commander of the Dvina brigade on the Northern Front, and from December 1918 head of the 18th Infantry divisions of the 6th Army. From October 1919 to February 1920, he was the commander of the 14th Army during the defeat of the troops of General Denikin, in March - April 1920 he commanded the 9th Army in the North Caucasus. In May - July and November - December 1920, commander of the 14th Army in battles against the troops of bourgeois Poland and the Petliurites, in July - November 1920 - 13th Army in battles against the Wrangelites. In 1921, assistant commander of the troops of Ukraine and Crimea, deputy commander of the troops of the Tambov province, commander of the troops of the Minsk province, led the military operations during the defeat of the gangs of Makhno, Antonov and Bulak-Balakhovich. From August 1921 commander of the 5th Army and the East Siberian Military District. In August - December 1922, Minister of War of the Far Eastern Republic and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Revolutionary Army during the liberation of the Far East. He was commander of the troops of the North Caucasus (since 1925), Moscow (since 1928) and Belarusian (since 1931) military districts. Since 1926, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, in 1930-31, deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and chief of armaments of the Red Army. Since 1934 he has been a member of the Military Council of the NPO. He made a great contribution to strengthening the defense capability of the USSR, educating and training command staff and troops. Candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) in 1930-37. Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee since December 1922. Awarded 3 Orders of the Red Banner and Honorary Revolutionary Weapon.
Dovator Lev Mikhailovich
Soviet military leader, major general, Hero of the Soviet Union. Known for successful operations to destroy German troops during the Great Patriotic War. The German command appointed a large reward for the head of Dovator.
Together with the 8th Guards Division named after Major General I.V. Panfilov, the 1st Guards Tank Brigade of General M.E. Katukov and other troops of the 16th Army, his corps defended the approaches to Moscow in the Volokolamsk direction.
Voronov Nikolai Nikolaevich
N.N. Voronov is the commander of artillery of the USSR Armed Forces. For outstanding services to the Motherland, N.N. Voronov. the first in the Soviet Union to be awarded the military ranks of “Marshal of Artillery” (1943) and “Chief Marshal of Artillery” (1944).
...carried out general management of the liquidation of the Nazi group surrounded at Stalingrad.
Vatutin Nikolai Fyodorovich
Operations "Uranus", "Little Saturn", "Leap", etc. and so on.
A true war worker
Rurikovich Svyatoslav Igorevich
Great commander of the Old Russian period. The first Kiev prince known to us with a Slavic name. The last pagan ruler of the Old Russian state. He glorified Rus' as a great military power in the campaigns of 965-971. Karamzin called him “Alexander (Macedonian) of our ancient history.” The prince freed the Slavic tribes from vassal dependence on the Khazars, defeating the Khazar Khaganate in 965. According to the Tale of Bygone Years, in 970, during the Russian-Byzantine War, Svyatoslav managed to win the battle of Arcadiopolis, having 10,000 soldiers under his command, against 100,000 Greeks. But at the same time, Svyatoslav led the life of a simple warrior: “On campaigns he did not carry carts or cauldrons with him, did not cook meat, but, thinly slicing horse meat, or animal meat, or beef and roasting it on coals, he ate it like that; he did not have a tent , but slept, spreading a sweatshirt with a saddle in their heads - the same were all the rest of his warriors. And he sent envoys to other lands [envoys, as a rule, before declaring war] with the words: “I’m coming to you!” (According to PVL)
Brusilov Alexey Alekseevich
One of the best Russian generals of the First World War. In June 1916, troops of the Southwestern Front under the command of Adjutant General A.A. Brusilov, simultaneously striking in several directions, broke through the enemy’s deeply layered defenses and advanced 65 km. In military history, this operation was called the Brusilov breakthrough.
Markov Sergey Leonidovich
One of the main heroes of the early stage of the Russian-Soviet war.
Veteran of the Russian-Japanese, First World War and Civil War. Cavalier of the Order of St. George 4th class, Orders of St. Vladimir 3rd class and 4th class with swords and bow, Orders of St. Anne 2nd, 3rd and 4th class, Orders of St. Stanislaus 2nd and 3rd th degrees. Holder of the St. George's Arms. Outstanding military theorist. Member of the Ice Campaign. An officer's son. Hereditary nobleman of the Moscow Province. He graduated from the Academy of the General Staff, served in the Life Guards of the 2nd Artillery Brigade. One of the commanders of the Volunteer Army at the first stage. Died a heroic death.
Drozdovsky Mikhail Gordeevich
He managed to bring his subordinate troops to the Don in full force, fought extremely effectively in the conditions of the civil war.
Senyavin Dmitry Nikolaevich
Dmitry Nikolaevich Senyavin (August 6 (17), 1763 - April 5 (17), 1831) - Russian naval commander, admiral.
for courage and outstanding diplomatic work shown during the blockade of the Russian fleet in Lisbon
Kotlyarevsky Petr Stepanovich
Hero of the Russian-Persian War of 1804-1813. At one time they called Suvorov of the Caucasus. On October 19, 1812, at the Aslanduz ford across the Araks, at the head of a detachment of 2221 people with 6 guns, Pyotr Stepanovich defeated the Persian army of 30,000 people with 12 guns. In other battles, he also acted not with numbers, but with skill.
Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich
During his short military career, he knew practically no failures, both in battles with the troops of I. Boltnikov, and with the Polish-Liovian and “Tushino” troops. The ability to build a combat-ready army practically from scratch, train, use Swedish mercenaries in place and at the time, select successful Russian command cadres for the liberation and defense of the vast territory of the Russian northwestern region and the liberation of central Russia, persistent and systematic offensive, skillful tactics in fight against the magnificent Polish-Lithuanian cavalry, undoubted personal courage - these are the qualities that, despite the little-known nature of his deeds, give him the right to be called the Great Commander of Russia.
Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich
according to the only criterion - invincibility.
Chuikov Vasily Ivanovich
Commander of the 62nd Army in Stalingrad.
Romodanovsky Grigory Grigorievich
There are no outstanding military figures on the project from the period from the Time of Troubles to the Northern War, although there were some. An example of this is G.G. Romodanovsky.
Descended from the family of Starodub princes.
Member of the sovereign's campaign against Smolensk in 1654. In September 1655, together with the Ukrainian Cossacks, he defeated the Poles near Gorodok (not far from Lvov), in November of the same year he fought in the battle of Ozernaya. In 1656 he received the rank of okolnichy and headed the Belgorod rank. In 1658 and 1659 participated in hostilities against the betrayed hetman Vygovsky and the Crimean Tatars, besieged Varva and fought near Konotop (Romodanovsky's troops withstood a heavy battle at the crossing over the Kukolka River). In 1664, he played a decisive role in repelling the invasion of 70 thousand army of the Polish king on the Left-Bank Ukraine, inflicted a number of sensitive blows on it. In 1665 he was granted a boyar. In 1670 he acted against the Razins - he defeated the detachment of the chieftain's brother, Frol. The crowning achievement of Romodanovsky's military activity was the war with the Ottoman Empire. In 1677 and 1678 troops under his leadership inflicted heavy defeats on the Ottomans. An interesting point: both main figures in the Battle of Vienna in 1683 were defeated by G.G. Romodanovsky: Sobieski with his king in 1664 and Kara Mustafa in 1678
The prince died on May 15, 1682 during the Streltsy uprising in Moscow.
Dokhturov Dmitry Sergeevich
Defense of Smolensk.
Command of the left flank on the Borodino field after the wounding of Bagration.
Battle of Tarutino.
Chuikov Vasily Ivanovich
Soviet military commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1955). Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945).
From 1942 to 1946, commander of the 62nd Army (8th Guards Army), which particularly distinguished itself in the Battle of Stalingrad. He took part in defensive battles on the distant approaches to Stalingrad. From September 12, 1942 he commanded the 62nd Army. IN AND. Chuikov received the task of defending Stalingrad at any cost. The front command believed that Lieutenant General Chuikov was characterized by such positive qualities as determination and firmness, courage and a great operational outlook, a high sense of responsibility and consciousness of his duty. The army, under the command of V.I. Chuikov, became famous for the heroic six-month defense of Stalingrad in street fighting in a completely destroyed city, fighting on isolated bridgeheads on the banks of the wide Volga.
For the unprecedented mass heroism and steadfastness of its personnel, in April 1943, the 62nd Army received the honorary title of Guards and became known as the 8th Guards Army.
Platov Matvey Ivanovich
Ataman of the Great Don Army (from 1801), cavalry general (1809), who took part in all the wars of the Russian Empire at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries.
In 1771 he distinguished himself during the attack and capture of the Perekop line and Kinburn. From 1772 he began to command a Cossack regiment. During the 2nd Turkish War he distinguished himself during the assault on Ochakov and Izmail. Participated in the battle of Preussisch-Eylau.
During the Patriotic War of 1812, he first commanded all the Cossack regiments on the border, and then, covering the retreat of the army, won victories over the enemy near the towns of Mir and Romanovo. In the battle near the village of Semlevo, Platov’s army defeated the French and captured a colonel from the army of Marshal Murat. During the retreat of the French army, Platov, pursuing it, inflicted defeats on it at Gorodnya, Kolotsky Monastery, Gzhatsk, Tsarevo-Zaimishch, near Dukhovshchina and when crossing the Vop River. For his merits he was elevated to the rank of count. In November, Platov captured Smolensk from battle and defeated the troops of Marshal Ney near Dubrovna. At the beginning of January 1813, he entered Prussia and besieged Danzig; in September he received command of a special corps, with which he participated in the battle of Leipzig and, pursuing the enemy, captured about 15 thousand people. In 1814, he fought at the head of his regiments during the capture of Nemur, Arcy-sur-Aube, Cezanne, Villeneuve. Awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.
Kappel Vladimir Oskarovich
Perhaps he is the most talented commander of the entire Civil War, even if compared with the commanders of all its sides. A man of powerful military talent, fighting spirit and Christian noble qualities is a true White Knight. Kappel's talent and personal qualities were noticed and respected even by his opponents. Author of many military operations and exploits - including the capture of Kazan, the Great Siberian Ice Campaign, etc. Many of his calculations, not assessed on time and missed through no fault of his own, later turned out to be the most correct, as the course of the Civil War showed.
Kotlyarevsky Petr Stepanovich
Hero of the Russian-Persian War of 1804-1813.
"Meteor General" and "Caucasian Suvorov".
He fought not with numbers, but with skill - first, 450 Russian soldiers attacked 1,200 Persian Sardars in the Migri fortress and took it, then 500 of our soldiers and Cossacks attacked 5,000 askers at the crossing of the Araks. They destroyed more than 700 enemies; only 2,500 Persian soldiers managed to escape from ours.
In both cases, our losses were less than 50 killed and up to 100 wounded.
Further, in the war against the Turks, with a swift attack, 1,000 Russian soldiers defeated the 2,000-strong garrison of the Akhalkalaki fortress.
Then again, in the Persian direction, he cleared Karabakh of the enemy, and then, with 2,200 soldiers, he defeated Abbas Mirza with a 30,000-strong army at Aslanduz, a village near the Araks River. In two battles, he destroyed more than 10,000 enemies, including English advisers and artillerymen.
As usual, Russian losses amounted to 30 killed and 100 wounded.
Kotlyarevsky won most of his victories in night assaults on fortresses and enemy camps, not allowing the enemies to come to their senses.
The last campaign - 2000 Russians against 7000 Persians to the Lenkoran fortress, where Kotlyarevsky almost died during the assault, lost consciousness at times from loss of blood and pain from wounds, but still commanded the troops until the final victory, as soon as he regained consciousness, and then was forced take a long time to heal and retire from military affairs.
His exploits for the glory of Russia are much greater than the “300 Spartans” - for our commanders and warriors more than once defeated an enemy 10 times superior, and suffered minimal losses, saving Russian lives.
Antonov Alexey Innokentievich
He became famous as a talented staff officer. He participated in the development of almost all significant operations of the Soviet troops in the Great Patriotic War since December 1942.
The only one of all Soviet military leaders awarded the Order of Victory with the rank of army general, and the only Soviet holder of the order who was not awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Slashchev Yakov Alexandrovich
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army, which repelled the attack of Nazi Germany, liberated Europe, author of many operations, including “Ten Stalinist Strikes” (1944)
Baklanov Yakov Petrovich
An outstanding strategist and a mighty warrior, he earned respect and fear of his name from the invincible highlanders who forgot the iron grip of the "Thunderstorm of the Caucasus". At the moment - Yakov Petrovich, a model of the spiritual strength of a Russian soldier in front of the proud Caucasus. His talent crushed the enemy and minimized the time frame of the Caucasian War, for which he received the nickname "Boklu" akin to the devil for his fearlessness.
Shein Alexey Semyonovich
The first Russian generalissimo. Leader of the Azov campaigns of Peter I.
Golenishchev-Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich
(1745-1813).
1. A GREAT Russian commander, he was an example for his soldiers. Appreciated every soldier. "M. I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov is not only the liberator of the Fatherland, he is the only one who outplayed the hitherto invincible French emperor, turning the "great army" into a crowd of ragamuffins, saving, thanks to his military genius, the lives of many Russian soldiers."
2. Mikhail Illarionovich, being a highly educated man who knew several foreign languages, dexterous, sophisticated, who knew how to animate society with the gift of words and an entertaining story, also served Russia as an excellent diplomat - ambassador to Turkey.
3. M.I. Kutuzov is the first to become a full holder of the highest military order of St. St. George the Victorious four degrees. Victor Bely
Maksimov Evgeniy Yakovlevich
Russian hero of the Transvaal War. He was a volunteer in fraternal Serbia, participating in the Russian-Turkish war. At the beginning of the 20th century, the British began to wage war against the small people - the Boers. Eugene successfully fought against the invaders and in 1900 was appointed military general. Died in Russian Japanese war. In addition to his military career, he distinguished himself in the literary field.
Margelov Vasily Filippovich
Author and initiator of the creation of technical means of the Airborne Forces and methods of using units and formations of the Airborne Forces, many of which personify the image of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces and the Russian Armed Forces that currently exists.
General Pavel Fedoseevich Pavlenko:
In the history of the Airborne Forces, and in the Armed Forces of Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, his name will remain forever. He personified an entire era in the development and formation of the Airborne Forces; their authority and popularity are associated with his name not only in our country, but also abroad...
Colonel Nikolai Fedorovich Ivanov:
Under the leadership of Margelov for more than twenty years, the airborne troops became one of the most mobile in the combat structure of the Armed Forces, prestigious for service in them, especially revered by the people... A photograph of Vasily Filippovich in demobilization albums was sold to soldiers at the highest price - for a set of badges. The competition for admission to the Ryazan Airborne School exceeded the numbers of VGIK and GITIS, and applicants who missed out on exams lived for two or three months, before the snow and frost, in the forests near Ryazan in the hope that someone would not withstand the load and it would be possible to take his place .
Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich
During the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791, F.F. Ushakov made a serious contribution to the development of the tactics of the sailing fleet. Based on the totality of the principles of training the forces of the fleet and military art, having absorbed all the accumulated tactical experience, F. F. Ushakov acted creatively, based on the specific situation and common sense. His actions were distinguished by decisiveness and extraordinary courage. He did not hesitate to reorganize the fleet into battle formation already at a close approach to the enemy, minimizing the time of tactical deployment. Despite the established tactical rule of finding the commander in the middle of the battle formation, Ushakov, implementing the principle of concentration of forces, boldly put his ship in the forefront and at the same time occupied the most dangerous positions, encouraging his commanders with his own courage. He was distinguished by a quick assessment of the situation, an accurate calculation of all success factors and a decisive attack aimed at achieving complete victory over the enemy. In this regard, Admiral F.F. Ushakov can rightfully be considered the founder of the Russian tactical school in naval art.
Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich
Outstanding employee of the Russian Academy of the General Staff. The developer and executor of the Galician operation - the first brilliant victory of the Russian army in the Great War.
Saved from the encirclement of the troops of the North-Western Front during the "Great Retreat" of 1915.
Chief of Staff of the Russian Armed Forces in 1916-1917.
Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in 1917
Developed and implemented strategic plans for offensive operations in 1916-1917.
He continued to defend the need to preserve the Eastern Front after 1917 (the Volunteer Army is the basis of the new Eastern Front in the ongoing Great War).
Slandered and slandered in relation to various so-called. “Masonic military lodges”, “conspiracy of generals against the Sovereign”, etc., etc. - in terms of emigrant and modern historical journalism.
Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich
An outstanding Russian commander. He successfully defended the interests of Russia both from external aggression and outside the country.
Loris-Melikov Mikhail Tarielovich
Known mainly as one of the secondary characters in the story "Hadji Murad" by L.N. Tolstoy, Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov went through all the Caucasian and Turkish campaigns of the second half of the middle of the 19th century.
Having shown himself excellently during the Caucasian War, during the Kars campaign of the Crimean War, Loris-Melikov led reconnaissance, and then successfully served as commander-in-chief during the difficult Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, winning a number of important victories over the united Turkish forces and in the third once he captured Kars, which by that time was considered impregnable.
Gurko Joseph Vladimirovich
Field Marshal General (1828-1901) Hero of Shipka and Plevna, Liberator of Bulgaria (a street in Sofia is named after him, a monument was erected). In 1877 he commanded the 2nd Guards Cavalry Division. To quickly capture some passes through the Balkans, Gurko led an advance detachment consisting of four cavalry regiments, a rifle brigade and the newly formed Bulgarian militia, with two batteries of horse artillery. Gurko completed his task quickly and boldly and won a series of victories over the Turks, ending with the capture of Kazanlak and Shipka. During the struggle for Plevna, Gurko, at the head of the troops of the guard and cavalry of the western detachment, defeated the Turks near Gorny Dubnyak and Telish, then again went to the Balkans, occupied Entropol and Orkhanie, and after the fall of Plevna, reinforced by the IX Corps and the 3rd Guards Infantry Division , despite the terrible cold, he crossed the Balkan Range, took Philippopolis and occupied Adrianople, opening the way to Constantinople. At the end of the war, he commanded military districts, was a governor-general, and a member of the state council. Buried in Tver (Sakharovo village)
Margelov Vasily Filippovich
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
Victory in the Great Patriotic War, saving the entire planet from absolute evil, and our country from extinction.
From the first hours of the war, Stalin controlled the country, front and rear. On land, at sea and in the air.
His merit is not one or even ten battles or campaigns, his merit is the Victory, made up of hundreds of battles of the Great Patriotic War: the battle of Moscow, the battles in the North Caucasus, the Battle of Stalingrad, the battle of Kursk, the battle of Leningrad and many others before the capture Berlin, success in which was achieved thanks to the monotonous inhuman work of the genius of the Supreme Commander.
Romanov Petr Alekseevich
During the endless discussions about Peter I as a politician and reformer, it is unfairly forgotten that he was the greatest commander of his time. He was not only an excellent rear organizer. In the two most important battles of the Northern War (the battles of Lesnaya and Poltava), he not only developed battle plans himself, but also personally led the troops, being in the most important, responsible directions.
The only commander I know of who was equally talented in both land and sea battles.
The main thing is that Peter I created a national military school. If all the great commanders of Russia are the heirs of Suvorov, then Suvorov himself is the heir of Peter.
The Battle of Poltava was one of the greatest (if not the greatest) victory in Russian history. In all other great aggressive invasions of Russia, the general battle did not have a decisive outcome, and the struggle dragged on, leading to exhaustion. It was only in the Northern War that the general battle radically changed the state of affairs, and from the attacking side the Swedes became the defending side, decisively losing the initiative.
I believe that Peter I deserves to be in the top three on the list of the best commanders of Russia.
Donskoy Dmitry Ivanovich
His army won the Kulikovo victory.
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
Personally took part in the planning and implementation of ALL offensive and defensive operations of the Red Army in the period 1941 - 1945.
Oktyabrsky Philip Sergeevich
Admiral, Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War, the commander of the Black Sea Fleet. One of the leaders of the Defense of Sevastopol in 1941 - 1942, as well as the Crimean operation of 1944. During the Great Patriotic War, Vice Admiral F. S. Oktyabrsky was one of the leaders of the heroic defense of Odessa and Sevastopol. Being the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, at the same time in 1941-1942 he was the commander of the Sevastopol Defense Region.
Three Orders of Lenin
three orders of the Red Banner
two orders of Ushakov 1st degree
Order of Nakhimov, 1st degree
Order of Suvorov, 2nd degree
Order of the Red Star
medals
Uvarov Fedor Petrovich
At the age of 27 he was promoted to general. Participated in the campaigns of 1805-1807 and in the battles on the Danube in 1810. In 1812, he commanded the 1st Artillery Corps in the army of Barclay de Tolly, and subsequently the entire cavalry of the united armies.
Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich
In front of the Kazan Cathedral there are two statues of the saviors of the fatherland. Saving the army, exhausting the enemy, the Battle of Smolensk - this is more than enough.
Minich Burchard-Christopher
One of the best Russian commanders and military engineers. The first commander to enter Crimea. Winner at Stavuchany.
Kuznetsov Nikolay Gerasimovich
He made a great contribution to strengthening the fleet before the war; conducted a number of major exercises, initiated the opening of new maritime schools and maritime special schools (later Nakhimov schools). On the eve of Germany's surprise attack on the USSR, he took effective measures to increase the combat readiness of the fleets, and on the night of June 22, he gave the order to bring them to full combat readiness, which made it possible to avoid losses of ships and naval aviation.
Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich
It's simple - It was he, as a commander, who made the greatest contribution to the defeat of Napoleon. He saved the army under the most difficult conditions, despite misunderstandings and grave accusations of treason. It was to him that our great poet Pushkin, practically a contemporary of those events, dedicated the poem “Commander”.
Pushkin, recognizing Kutuzov's merits, did not oppose him to Barclay. In place of the common alternative “Barclay or Kutuzov,” with the traditional resolution in favor of Kutuzov, Pushkin came to a new position: both Barclay and Kutuzov are both worthy of the grateful memory of posterity, but Kutuzov is revered by everyone, but Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly is undeservedly forgotten.
Pushkin mentioned Barclay de Tolly even earlier, in one of the chapters of “Eugene Onegin” -
Thunderstorm of the twelfth year
It has arrived - who helped us here?
The frenzy of the people
Barclay, winter or Russian god?...
Kotlyarevsky Petr Stepanovich
General Kotlyarevsky, son of a priest in the village of Olkhovatki, Kharkov province. He worked his way up from a private to a general in the tsarist army. He can be called the great-grandfather of Russian special forces. He carried out truly unique operations... His name is worthy of being included in the list of the greatest commanders of Russia
Stalin (Dzhugashvili) Joseph Vissarionovich
Comrade Stalin, in addition to the atomic and missile projects, together with Army General Alexei Innokentievich Antonov, participated in the development and implementation of almost all significant operations of the Soviet troops in the Second World War, and brilliantly organized the work of the rear, even in the first difficult years of the war.
...Ivan III (capture of Novgorod, Kazan), Vasily III (capture of Smolensk), Ivan IV the Terrible (capture of Kazan, Livonian campaigns), M.I. Vorotynsky (battle of Molodi with Devlet-Girey), Tsar V.I. Shuisky (battle of Dobrynichi, capture of Tula), M.V. Skopin-Shuisky (liberation of Moscow from False Dmitry II), F.I. Sheremetev (liberation of the Volga region from False Dmitry II), F.I. Mstislavsky (many different campaigns, repulse Kazy-Girey), There were many commanders during the Time of Troubles.
Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov
A great naval commander who did not suffer a single defeat and did not lose a single ship during his combat activities. The talent of this military leader manifested itself during the Russian-Turkish wars, where thanks to his victories (usually over the superior naval forces of the Ottoman Empire), Russia realized itself as a naval power in the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
