Causes and treatment of vomiting without diarrhea and fever. First aid cases. Vomiting in an infant - the main causes and what to do about it When to call an ambulance

What to give?

Diet

All mothers and fathers are well aware that vomiting in children is not such a rare occurrence. However, in practice, faced with an attack, many simply get lost and do not know how to give the baby first aid, what to do and where to call. Authoritative children's doctor Yevgeny Komarovsky, the author of numerous articles and books on children's health, tells why vomiting occurs and what adults should do about it.

About vomiting

Vomiting is a protective mechanism, a reflex eruption of the contents of the stomach through the mouth (or through the nose). During an attack, the abdominals contract, the esophagus expands, the stomach itself relaxes and pushes everything in it up the esophagus. This rather complex process regulates the vomiting center, which in all people is located in the medulla oblongata. Most often, vomit is a mixture of undigested food debris and gastric juice. Sometimes they can be observed impurities of pus or blood, bile.

The most common cause of children's vomiting is food poisoning. Vomiting can be observed in various infectious diseases: rotavirus infection, scarlet fever, typhoid.

Less commonly, this problem is triggered by accumulated toxins, this condition can occur with serious kidney disease.

Other causes of vomiting include diseases of the stomach and intestines, neurological diagnoses, and head injuries.

In children, vomiting can often be triggered by strong emotional upheavals.

Kinds

Doctors distinguish several types of children's vomiting:

• Cyclic vomiting (acetonemic).
• Renal.
• Hepatogenic.
• Diabetic.
• Cardiac.
• Psychogenic.
• Cerebral.
• Bloody.

In most cases, vomiting in children begins at night. The baby wakes up with severe nausea. In this situation, it is important not to be afraid and not to get confused. The actions of parents should be calm and confident.

The younger the child, the more dangerous vomiting is for him, since dehydration can occur, which can be fatal for babies.

A single vomiting (without any additional symptoms) in a child should not cause much concern for parents, Yevgeny Komarovsky believes. The fact is that in this way the body is “cleansed” of accumulated toxins, food elements that the child could not digest. However, parental inaction can be fraught with tragic consequences in cases where vomiting is repeated, and also if there are other symptoms that indicate disorders in the body.

The most common cause of vomiting in children is food poisoning. Poison in the body of the crumbs can get with different products: dairy, meat, seafood, vegetables and fruits.

In the vast majority of cases gag reflex caused by nitrates and pesticides, used to process fruits and vegetables. Even very high-quality products of meat origin can cause severe poisoning if they are cooked incorrectly.

Yevgeny Komarovsky emphasizes that the first symptoms of food poisoning usually begin to appear between 4 and 48 hours after eating. Quite often, you can stop vomiting, which is provoked by food, on your own, at home.

However, Yevgeny Komarovsky recalls that there are situations in which mothers and fathers should not engage in independent healing. Medical assistance is required:

• Children from 0 to 3 years old.
• Children who vomit occurs against the background of elevated body temperature.
• Children who have vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain (all or part of the symptoms) have lasted more than two days.
• Children who are not "alone" in their illness (if others in the household have similar symptoms)

There are situations in which a child needs urgent medical attention as soon as possible. An ambulance should be called under one or more of the following conditions:

• Vomiting occurred after eating mushrooms.
• Vomiting is so intense that the baby cannot drink water.
• Vomiting is accompanied by clouding of consciousness, incoherent speech, impaired coordination of movements, yellowing of the skin, dry mucous membranes, and a rash.
• Vomiting is accompanied by a visual increase (swelling) of the joints.
• Against the background of repeated vomiting, there is no urination for more than 6 hours, urine has a dark tint.
• In the vomit and (or) feces there are impurities of blood, pus.

While waiting for the arrival of the doctor, the child should be placed on its side so that during the next vomiting attack the child does not choke on the vomit. The baby needs to be held in his arms, on his side. You don't need to give any medication.

In order for the doctor to be able to quickly understand the true cause of the child's condition, parents should remember in as much detail as possible what the baby ate over the past day, what he drank, where he was and what he did. In addition, mom and dad will have to carefully examine the vomit, so that later they can tell the doctor about what color they are, the consistency, whether there is an unusual smell, whether they contain blood or pus.

Analyzing color

Dark vomit (coffee ground color) may indicate serious problems with the stomach, up to a peptic ulcer.

If there is an admixture of bile in the masses and there is a bittersweet smell, you can suspect a malfunction in the gallbladder and biliary tract.

Green color vomit may indicate the neurological nature of the reflex, the same happens with vomiting in a strong stressful situation, when the child cannot cope with excitement and feelings in a different way.

It is recommended to leave samples of vomit and feces of a sick child until the doctor arrives in order to show them to a specialist. This will contribute to the most rapid and accurate diagnosis of the true cause of the condition.

Vomiting in an infant may be a completely natural process for the formation of digestive functions, but it is better if a doctor states this. Komarovsky emphasizes that often in infants, vomiting is a completely expected cause of banal overeating if parents are too zealous in their desire to feed their child more and more calories.

Vomiting can also be of a different nature - allergic, traumatic, and also inflammatory. In other words, this reflex accompanies a great variety of various diseases, some of which require prompt hospitalization with subsequent surgical care, and therefore vomiting attacks should not be underestimated.

So, parents should make every effort not to stop vomiting at any cost and try to treat something with folk remedies, but in order to carefully observe. It will be just fine if they can provide the following data to the doctor who came to the call:

• The frequency and frequency of attacks (at what intervals does vomiting occur, how long does it last).
• Does the child feel better after the next attack, does the pain in the abdomen decrease.
• What is the approximate volume of vomit, their color and whether there are any impurities.
• What has the baby been ill with over the past year, over the past two weeks.
• What did the baby eat, do the parents also suspect food poisoning.
• Has the child's weight changed in the last 2 weeks?

If the child has some of the above symptoms, but there is no vomiting, Komarovsky advises calling the reflex on his own. To do this, let the baby drink 2-3 glasses of warm water or milk, and then gently insert your fingers into the oropharynx and move them slightly. You can use your fingers or a spoon to lightly press on the root of the tongue.

There is no need to feed the child. However, drinking is a must. At the same time, you should know that soldering a child with vomiting is a whole science, it must be carried out strictly according to the rules. Firstly, says Yevgeny Komarovsky, drinking should be fractional, but very frequent. One-time amount - a few sips. Secondly, the temperature of the water should be similar to body temperature, so the liquid will be absorbed more quickly, which will protect the child from dehydration. When asked what to drink, the doctor replies that oral rehydration solutions or home-made saline solutions are the best option. If desired, you can give the child non-carbonated mineral water, tea, compote.

In no case should you add sugar, jam, honey to your drink. If the child flatly refuses to drink what is supposed to, offer him what he likes - juice or a sweet drink, but at the same time dilute it with water so that the resulting drink is as clear as possible.

It is useful to give activated charcoal, but only in strictly indicated proportions - 1 gram of the drug per kilogram of the child's weight, no less. If the temperature rises, you can give the baby an antipyretic, Paracetamol is best.

Nausea and vomiting should always be alarming, as they are a symptom of many diseases. The task of parents is to suspect "something is wrong" in time and be sure to consult a doctor.

Vomit- involuntary ejection of the contents of the digestive tract, mainly the stomach, through the mouth, sometimes the nose, which often ends with a peculiar low sound made by the child on inspiration (as if he is choking), after which comes crying. Vomiting is the result of contraction of the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm, and to a lesser extent the stomach itself. Most often, it is a protective reaction of the digestive system to the ingestion or formation of toxic or other harmful substances in the body.

Vomiting may precede nausea- this is an unpleasant painless subjective sensation, which in a small child is usually manifested by anxiety, refusal to eat, protrusion of the tip of the tongue, pallor of the skin, cold extremities.

Vomiting, as well as the nausea that precedes it, in young children (1 to 3 years of age) can often occur suddenly, with no preceding symptoms, and should always alert parents. What are the most common causes of nausea and vomiting?

Intestinal infections

The causative agents of intestinal infections are a large group of viruses and bacteria (dysenteric bacillus, salmonella, pathogenic E. coli, rotaviruses, enteroviruses, etc.).

Infection occurs when the pathogen enters the gastrointestinal tract through the mouth. The source of infection is a sick person or a carrier of a particular virus, bacteria, which can excrete a microbe with feces. Also, a sick animal (dogs, cats, large and small cattle, etc.) can be a source. A child can become infected through food, water, household items, toys infected with the patient's feces, and through dirty hands.

First, the behavior of the baby changes. He becomes irritable, agitated or, conversely, lethargic, refuses to eat, sleep is disturbed. However, in mild forms of the disease, these symptoms may not be present. Then nausea and vomiting appear. Vomit may contain remnants of undigested food, mucus, which indicates an inflammatory process in the gastrointestinal tract. The child may experience pain in the abdomen. In young children, this is manifested by anxiety, infants kick their legs. A toddler who is already talking may complain of pain. The abdomen is swollen, rumbling is noted.

Almost always, intestinal infections are accompanied by loose stools, it can be frequent, mixed with mucus, sometimes blood. As a rule, the temperature rises. Depending on the severity of the condition, it can be either small (37.2-37.5°С) or reach very high values ​​- 39-40°С. It should be noted that in mild forms of the disease, the temperature may be normal or even low.

Food poisoning

They occur after eating food that contains a large number of a certain type of bacteria, which, breaking down in the acidic environment of the stomach, release toxins that cause poisoning of the body. This is possible in case of violation of storage conditions, the use of expired products, non-compliance with production technology.

The disease begins unexpectedly, as a rule, within 2-6 hours after eating poor-quality food. First there is nausea and vomiting, after a few hours loose stools join, but usually not watery, with a small amount of mucus. Violation of the general condition, changes in behavior, appetite, sleep of the baby and the severity of fever depend on the amount of poor-quality food eaten and the number of microorganisms that it contained, as well as on the rate of decay of microorganisms and the release of toxins by them.

With a severe course of the disease in children, the development of toxic-infectious shock is possible (an acute condition with a pronounced disruption of the internal organs, a possible loss of consciousness, which is due to the action of toxins and requires immediate medical attention). As with intestinal infections, there is a high likelihood of developing dehydration due to persistent vomiting and an increase in temperature, at which fluid is lost in greater quantities by evaporation from the surface of the skin and with breathing.

Acute infectious diseases

The cause of nausea and vomiting can be acute infectious diseases (SARS, bronchitis, pneumonia - inflammation of the lungs, pyelonephritis - an inflammatory disease of the kidneys, etc.), which are not associated with a direct lesion of the gastrointestinal tract.

In this case, nausea and vomiting will be one of the symptoms of a violation of the general condition of the child, i.e. intoxication syndrome. Nausea and vomiting are usually observed in the case of a severe course of the disease. Vomiting is rarely persistent and often occurs once or twice. Infectious diseases are always accompanied by other symptoms of intoxication: fever, behavioral changes (anxiety, lethargy), sleep disorders, loss of appetite. Disturbance of the stool is not typical, although in a child under 1 year old with some types of acute respiratory viral infections, such a symptom is also possible, while, unlike intestinal infections, the stool is not watery, but somewhat thinner than usual, 1-3 times a day, does not contain pathological impurities ( mucus, blood). Soon, symptoms that are distinctive for each disease appear: runny nose, cough, etc. A child who can speak may complain of pain when swallowing. The pediatrician, having examined the baby, will help you finally understand the situation.

CNS diseases

With such serious diseases of the central nervous system as meningitis(inflammation of the lining of the brain) and encephalitis(inflammation of the medulla), nausea and vomiting may be some of the initial symptoms. Vomiting is persistent, does not bring relief (that is, nausea remains). There is a pronounced violation of the general condition: the child is lethargic, moves little, there is no appetite, he is tearful. A baby under 1 year old may experience a characteristic piercing, monotonous cry as a manifestation of a headache, photophobia may disturb (in bright light, children squint, turn away, tears may appear).

In addition, there is a high temperature of 39-40°C. The appearance of convulsions is characteristic, which can be manifested by sudden rhythmic twitches of individual muscles that are not interrupted when touched, for example, by the mother's hands. In children with an open large fontanel, one can detect its bulging (protruding above the bone structures surrounding it) and pulsation of the vessels under the skin, which can be felt when touched, and often even when examined.

In any case, if meningitis or encephalitis is suspected, emergency hospitalization is required.

Vomiting may be one of the first symptoms of growth tumors in the brain. Usually vomiting occurs unexpectedly, happens 1-2 times a day, mainly at night or in the morning, appears periodically for quite a long time - more than a month. If the large fontanel is not yet closed, it may bulge due to increased intracranial pressure. The child can often be bothered by headaches, if the baby still cannot speak, then they are manifested by a change in mood, a decrease in appetite, the baby becomes capricious, easily excitable, or, conversely, lethargic. In this case, a consultation with a neurologist is necessary.

Surgical diseases

Surgical diseases can also be the cause of sudden onset of nausea and vomiting in children of the first years of life.

Acute appendicitis- inflammation of the appendix, extending from the area of ​​the large intestine, located in the right side of the abdomen and called "blind". Vomiting in this pathology in a young child may be one of the first signs of the disease. First, the baby's anxiety appears, sleep disturbance and loss of appetite are possible. Then the crumbs appear repeated vomiting, the temperature rises: in babies up to 1 year old up to 38 ° C and above, in older children it is often slightly increased, in the range of 37.2-37.7 ° C. Often there is loose stool with mucus.

Complaints of pain in the right iliac region (in the right side), which are characteristic of acute appendicitis in adults, are rare at this age. Usually the baby complains of pain around the navel. If the child is very small and unable to describe his feelings, it is necessary to carefully observe his behavior. In such a situation, the baby does not sleep, curls up (brings the hips to the stomach, especially lying on the left side), "knocks" the legs and worries when changing the position of the body. With an atypical location of the appendix, frequent painful urination or the urge to defecate (empty bowel) may disturb.

Intestinal intussusception. This pathology often occurs in the younger age group (6-12 months). It is the introduction of one section of the intestine into another, as a result of which the work of the intestine is disturbed. The cause of this disease is unknown in most cases. The more frequent occurrence of intussusception in children under 1 year of age, some authors explain the uneven growth and development at this age of the longitudinal and transverse fibers of the intestinal muscle layer, as well as the imbalance of the enzyme system (enzymes are substances that break down food). Against this background, with improper introduction of complementary foods containing, as a rule, vegetable or fruit ingredients, that is, a large amount of fiber, peristalsis disorders (wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles of the intestine) may occur, which leads to invagination.

In children older than 1 year, intestinal intussusception may be due to various reasons, which must be established after the intussusceptum is straightened. These include: malformations of the intestine, polyps (benign tumor-like formations growing from the intestinal wall into its lumen), intestinal tumors, multiple enlarged lymph nodes, the presence of worms, etc.

The clinical picture of intestinal intussusception is quite characteristic, the disease proceeds paroxysmal: against the background of complete health, the child develops sharp, cramping pains in the abdomen. In children of the first year of life, this is manifested by pronounced anxiety, unmotivated screaming and crying, pulling the legs to the stomach. After a while, the attack of pain subsides, the child becomes calm. Then again the above picture is repeated. Over time, non-attack periods become shorter, and attacks become more frequent, pronounced and prolonged.

As the disease progresses, the baby develops pallor, weakness, and vomiting appears. The vomit often contains an admixture of bile. The chair at the beginning of the disease can be normal, without pathological impurities. As the disease progresses, a characteristic feature appears - a raspberry jelly-type stool, which is only mucus containing streaks of blood. Sometimes there is only an admixture of blood in the feces.

If such symptoms occur, the child must be examined by a surgeon in a hospital. Treatment is most often performed surgically. But with an early diagnosis (on the first day), non-surgical straightening of the intussusceptum is possible (with the help of air introduced into the colon). In any case, the decision on the method of treatment is made only by the surgeon.

A terrible complication of appendicitis and intestinal intussusception is peritonitis(inflammation of the peritoneum). Characteristic symptoms are indomitable vomiting, which over time can contain only an admixture of mucus with bile, severe pain in the abdomen (the child does not even let you touch it), bloating appears, and there is often a delay in the passage of stool and gases. Outwardly, the baby looks restless, the facial features are pointed, and the skin acquires a gray-green tint. All these signs can develop very quickly, and in this case it is unacceptable to delay. It is necessary to urgently call an ambulance team or self-hospitalization to the nearest hospital, where emergency surgical care can be provided.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of a non-infectious nature are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

Acute gastritis(inflammation of the gastric mucosa) in young children is manifested by nausea and repeated vomiting of food eaten, sometimes with an admixture of bile, usually not immediately after feeding. It can manifest itself in children due to a violation of the diet, a sharp change in diet (for example, while traveling), against the background of the use of certain drugs, such as antibiotics, orally (by mouth).

Foreign body entry in the gastrointestinal tract of the child may also be accompanied by the appearance of vomiting. It occurs most often when swallowing an object of a sufficiently large size and fixing it at the level of the esophagus. As a rule, this is accompanied by spasm (compression) of the smooth muscles of the esophagus. Vomiting occurs a few minutes after swallowing, contains undigested food, often a large amount of mucus, sometimes scarlet blood. The child is restless, there may be respiratory distress, profuse salivation.

It should also be noted that children often have nervous, or psychogenic, vomiting, which is easily provoked by various emotional factors (fear, excitement, resentment, etc.), which occurs, for example, during force-feeding. Sometimes demonstrative vomiting may occur in order to draw attention to oneself. In all cases, the general condition of the child is not disturbed, vomiting can be repeated under the same circumstances.

What causes vomiting?

It is very important that each of the parents, as well as grandparents, understand that nausea and vomiting, especially repeated and indomitable, can lead to very serious pathological changes in the child's body, the development of dehydration. It should be remembered that the younger the child, the more sensitive his body to any water deficiency, since all tissues contain a large amount of extracellular fluid. If frequent vomiting is accompanied by loose stools and fever, fluid loss increases, and mineral salts come out with it. At the beginning of the disease, the child is excited, moderate thirst is noted, then as the symptoms progress (vomiting, loose stools, fever), lethargy, drowsiness appear, skin elasticity decreases, dryness of the mucous membranes is noted, urination becomes rare. (Normal in a child of 6 months, the frequency of urination is about 15-16 times a day, at the age of 1-3 years 8-10 times a day.) Vomiting against the background of salt deficiency usually increases. In a few hours, pronounced violations of water-mineral metabolism can occur, which leads to a serious disruption of the internal organs.

What to do?

What are the actions of parents if a child suddenly has nausea and vomiting against the background of complete health? The first step is to ensure that he is in the right position. If the baby is lying, turn his head to the side, you can raise it at an angle of 30 °. This is necessary to prevent such a formidable complication of the vomiting syndrome as aspiration, i.e. entry of stomach contents into the respiratory tract. If this happened during feeding, then it should be stopped for at least two hours. If at this moment the baby is in your arms, do not rush to put him in the crib, keep him in a vertical or semi-horizontal position, with his head turned to one side. Next, it is important to assess the situation, the severity of the child's condition. And only a doctor can do this, he will also decide on the need for hospitalization. Only in the case of a single vomiting in the normal general condition of the child (the baby behaves as usual, the temperature is normal, sleep is calm) and there are no other symptoms of the disease, it is possible to wait a little before calling the doctor.

Before the doctor arrives, you can start to drink water to prevent dehydration. First, offer your baby some water. You need to drink crumbs in small portions: up to 1 year 1-2 teaspoons every 3-5 minutes, from 1 year to 3 years 3-4 teaspoons, children over 3 years old 1-2 tablespoons every 5 minutes, but not more than 100 ml in 20 minutes for a child of any age. The daily amount of fluid (including water contained in milk, formula, food), which must be administered to a healthy child over 1 year old, is 100-150 ml per 1 kg of body weight.

With varying degrees of dehydration, in the presence of elevated temperature, diarrhea, fluid losses increase, and this indicator is calculated individually, depending on the amount of water loss. Since, in addition to water, salts are also excreted, it is good to alternate water (alternately) with glucose-salt solutions. For example, rehydron, citroglucosalan. These drugs can be purchased at a pharmacy in the form of a powder, which is dissolved in 1 liter of boiled water, after which the solution is ready for use.

At home

If it is not possible to buy glucose-salt solutions at the pharmacy to replenish the loss of water and salts during dehydration, then you can prepare a similar solution at home. To do this, dissolve 1 tsp in 1 liter of water. table salt without top, ½ tsp. baking soda, 8 tsp. no top sugar. As a salt-free solution, in addition to water, you can use weakly brewed tea, rosehip broth, rice broth. It is not necessary to give the baby a large volume of liquid at once, as this can provoke repeated vomiting. If vomiting recurs, it is necessary to stop drinking for 10-15 minutes, then continue to drink, but at a slower pace.

Need a hospital?

Once again, I would like to draw the attention of parents to the fact that, since the vomiting syndrome occurs in many very serious diseases, including surgical ones, it is impossible to hesitate and self-medicate at home for a long time.

If, against the background of one or two vomiting, which may be accompanied by loose stools, the baby drinks liquid well, the general condition is not disturbed and does not worsen over time, no new symptoms appear, the child is calm, you can take your time calling an ambulance, but it is necessary to invite a pediatrician to the house.

Hospitalization is mandatory in the following cases:

• repeated vomiting or vomiting, combined with other symptoms (fever, loose stools) when children of any age refuse to drink);
• vomiting associated with pain in the abdomen lasting more than an hour, especially with retention of stool and flatus. It is necessary to exclude surgical pathology;
• lack of effect from therapy at home. This issue is decided by the attending physician;
• progressive deterioration of the condition - lethargy, apathy (the child may want to sleep all the time), rare urination, seizures, prolonged fever that cannot be treated.

Why does the child feel sick and vomit, no temperature? This question worries many parents. Vomiting in a child for no reason happens much more often than in adults. The causes of vomiting and diarrhea in children can be very different.

What causes nausea and vomiting in a child up to a year without fever

You should not think that a normal temperature with nausea indicates the health of the first year of a baby's life. For example, nausea will appear with the following diseases that require urgent medical attention:

1. diverticulum(protrusion of the wall) of the esophagus is congenital. The child is sick and vomits not much and not often, the vomit contains uncurled milk.
2. gastroesophageal reflux(reflex backward movement of food from the stomach into the esophagus). The child is sick after eating and vomits, and the volume of masses with a sour smell is small. Associated symptoms: increased salivation, hiccups, anxiety.
3. Pylorospasm(contraction of the gastric pylorus). Vomiting in small quantities.
4. pyloric stenosis, in which food does not have the opportunity to get from the stomach into the duodenum, occurs early, on the second day of life. strongly, "fountain", about thirty minutes after eating.

Symptoms of possible diseases

With some formidable diseases, the child has a headache and feels sick, but the body temperature remains within the normal range. Symptoms of what diseases are manifested by vomiting without high fever in older children:

For example, these may be harbingers of the following pathological processes:

1. Intestinal intussusception. It causes vomiting of bile in a child, and with vomiting spasms it experiences severe pain, to which it reacts with crying and screaming.
2. Food or drug allergies. In such cases, the child often feels sick, and this is how any end of a meal is accompanied. Usually, such nausea is accompanied by characteristic allergic reactions in the form of urticaria, swelling of mucous membranes, and problems with respiratory function.
3. . There is diarrhea, with frothy stools. The child is sick and has a temperature, nausea is not frequent, accompanied by increased gas formation in the intestines, and a characteristic white coating of the oral mucosa.
4. . The cause of vomiting in children without fever may be food of poor quality: stale foods cause it almost immediately after eating. There are traces of blood in the stool of the poisoned person, paroxysmal pains in the abdomen are observed. Over time, the condition can worsen dramatically, mainly in children of early preschool age.
5. . The cause of vomiting in a child may be infection, typhoid fever. Sometimes it happens without fever. The child is sick in the morning, regardless of the meal. There is indigestion, diarrhea has an intense unpleasant odor. There is increased excitability and capriciousness. He refuses to eat and almost does not drink, because the child is sick and his stomach hurts.
6. Acute gastritis, inflammation of the duodenum. The causes of headache and vomiting in a child can be precisely such diseases, since they are characterized by severe vomiting with a high content of bile in it. The baby does not eat, experiences severe pain in the abdomen.
7. Causes of vomiting at night in a child can be brain diseases such as brain tumors, increased intracranial pressure. The baby has a change of mood, apathy alternates with increased activity. Nausea is quite frequent, drugs at home can not be removed.
8. The child is dizzy and nauseous in diseases of the liver, pancreas or gallbladder. Vomiting occurs after eating, contains bile and undigested food. The kid complains of severe pain in the stomach, increased gas formation.
9. Ingestion of foreign objects into the stomach when swallowing. The baby is restless, there is blood and mucus in the vomit. There may be respiratory failure.

Stress at school can also cause a child to have a gag reflex.

When to call an ambulance

Only a specialist can make an accurate diagnosis, but in order not to lose precious time, it is urgent to call an ambulance if the following symptoms appear:

• palpitations appeared;
• sudden coldness of the hands and feet;
• nausea is accompanied by an unreasonable loss of strength, the baby is not active, drowsy, he has involuntary convulsions or is in a fever;
• acute pain in the abdomen,;
• due to frequent vomiting attacks, signs of dehydration began;
• increased nervous excitability, he behaves unnecessarily restlessly, cries, screams;
• loses consciousness or is in a borderline state;
• there is a suspicion of food or drug poisoning;
• the skin became pale;
• began to vomit after bruises in the head area.

Vasilyeva E.S., Novocherkassk, MBUZ "Children's City Hospital", neonatologist

With nausea in infants, before the doctor arrives, it is necessary that the baby does not choke on vomit.

To do this, it is best to hold it vertically, turning the head slightly down and to the side.

What measures to take

What to do if the child is sick and vomits without fever? In the event of sudden onset of nausea, a clear and consistent response is needed.

1. First of all, if the child is sick and vomits, there is no temperature, you need to give him to drink in small sips of cool clean water with mint extract. The older the baby, the colder the water can be.
2. To prevent ingestion of vomit, the baby should be upright, with his face down.
3. Within 15 minutes after nausea, to restore the acid-base balance, dilute one packet of Regidron in one liter of warm, filtered or boiled water. Give this solution to drink in small sips of a quarter cup every half hour.
4. Carefully monitor the condition: if, after vomiting, his health did not worsen during the day, and there are no other symptoms, and the baby drinks liquid normally and is playful, then you can calm down, but be sure to show it to the pediatrician the next day.
5. If the child is sick and vomits, there is no temperature, it is also good to drink warm rosehip broth, or weak tea.
6. In addition to the drug Regidron to relieve possible intoxication, they give half a tablet of activated charcoal, or Smektu.

It will be better if there is a break between Regidron and Smekta when taking

What not to do if there is vomiting, but no temperature

Self-medication and wrong actions can harm health much more than some delay in treatment. It is strictly forbidden to do the following:

• Take antibiotics without a doctor's prescription;
• Independently decide to give antiemetics and antispasmodics;
• Rinse the stomach with disinfectants, antiseptics;
• Rinse the stomach when the baby is unconscious.

How to be, for example, if the child is sick in the car? There is information and answers to questions about what means will help you travel without problems, and so that your baby does not get sick on the way.

How vomiting and nausea with temperature differs from nausea without it can be clearly seen in the comparison table.

	Nausea with fever	Nausea without fever
Causes	body intoxication. Diseases of the digestive system. Disorders of the central nervous system. Reaction to medications.	Transferred stress. Metabolic disease.
Treatment Methods	Treatment depends on the disease that caused the symptom: Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract Smecta; Noshpa; Festal; Gastrolit. Infectious diseases Cifazolin; Bicillin; Tavegil; Paracetamol; Ibuprofen. Poisoning Enterosgel; Regidron.	With this symptom, it is usually not necessary to take medications, however, to restore metabolic processes in the body, it is recommended: Regidron; Dramina; Humana.

Proskuryakova T.M., Taganrog, MBUZ "DGB", pediatrician

For more than 15 years of experience, I want to advise all parents not to try to immediately give the baby a solution of potassium permanganate to drink.

The causes of vomiting in a child can be very different, and sometimes potassium permanganate can only aggravate the condition.

Causes of vomiting in children without fever that do not require medical intervention

In view of the characteristics of the child's body, nausea may be the result of a normal, non-pathological violation of the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract. It is easily eliminated by treating the causes of digestive dysfunction.

The most common causes of these disorders are:

1. Abrupt climate change, especially for young children, whose body does not have a perfect system for adapting to weather conditions.
2. The appearance of the first milk teeth. It always hurts, and the baby, when feeding, is forced to swallow air, causing minor vomit. However, this does not affect either body weight or appetite.
3. Unsuitable food causing indigestion. There are particles of undigested food in the vomit, but the baby has a good, healthy appetite. This problem is eliminated by proper nutrition.
4. Switching from dairy to first food. Due to the lack of a sufficient amount of digestive enzymes in the baby, food is not digested and is evacuated from the stomach.
5. In children of younger kindergarten age (starting from three years old), nausea may appear against the background of strong emotional experiences. Such children do not experience appetite, and completely refuse food.

What are the possible complications

The most common serious complication after prolonged and profuse nausea is the critical loss of the body's required volume of fluid.

Usually dehydration occurs when it is impossible to drink the baby.

As a result of dehydration, fainting can occur, and in severe cases, the baby falls into a coma. A lethal outcome is not ruled out in case of untimely provision of emergency medical care.

It is better to give small portions of water to the child so that it is absorbed faster.

You will find out if the child has vomiting without diarrhea, but there is a temperature. Is it possible to carry out treatment at home.

Vomiting is not an independent disease, but a symptom of some disease, intoxication or pathological condition at the moment. There can be a lot of reasons for vomiting, and the consequences also vary - it can pass without a trace after a while, or it can lead to dehydration.

Even with a single minor vomiting in a child, the task of parents is to find out in time what caused it and take measures to prevent harmful consequences for the baby's health.

First aid for vomiting in a child - an algorithm of actions

It should be borne in mind that any condition of the baby, accompanied by vomiting, should be evaluated by a doctor. Accordingly, only a specialist can make the correct diagnosis, carry out the necessary diagnostics and prescribe treatment in time!

When a child vomits, the task of parents is to provide the baby with proper care and try to save him from the following vomiting attacks.

So, the algorithm of actions for vomiting in a child:

Video: What to do if the child is vomiting?

You need to be aware of the following signs:

1. The frequency of vomiting attacks over time, the amount of vomit.
2. The color and consistency of the vomit is curdled white, transparent, with foam, yellow, gray, brown or green.
3. Vomiting began after a recent injury or fall of the child.
4. A young child worries, cries, pulls his legs up to his stomach.
5. The abdomen is tense, the child does not allow to touch it.
6. The child refuses to take water.
7. Attacks of vomiting appear even after drinking.
8. The child is lethargic and drowsy, does not want to talk.

Signs of dehydration in a child:

• Dry skin, rough to the touch.
• A sharp decrease in the amount of urine or a complete cessation of urination.
• Dry mouth, cracked lips, tongue coating.
• Sunken eyes, dry eyelids.

Tell your doctor about all signs and symptoms!

11 causes of vomiting in a newborn baby - when should you urgently see a doctor?

When it comes to a newborn baby, parents should distinguish vomiting from simple physiological regurgitation after eating.

Regurgitation is not accompanied by anxiety of the baby, discharge during regurgitation does not have a characteristic vomit odor - they are rather “sour-milk”.

However, parents should also keep in mind that regurgitation of infants can also be pathological, caused by any diseases - we will talk about this in more detail.

So, what can cause vomiting in a newborn baby?

1. Overfeeding.
2. Hyperthermia (overheating), prolonged exposure to a hot stuffy room or in the sun.
3. Improper introduction of complementary foods - in large quantities, new products, the child is not ready for complementary foods.
4. Improper care of a woman for herself and utensils for feeding - strong smells of perfume and creams, bacteria on her breasts, utensils, nipples, etc. can cause vomiting of a baby.
5. Improper nutrition of a nursing mother.
6. Switching to another formula, as well as from breastfeeding to formula.
7. Food poisoning with products of inadequate quality.
8. Intoxication due to any diseases of the child - for example, SARS, meningitis.
9. Intestinal infection.
10. Appendicitis, cholecystitis, cholestasis, acute enterocolitis, strangulated hernia, "acute abdomen" condition.
11. Concussion due to falls, blows to the baby's head.

Before the arrival of the doctor, parents should observe the child, take the temperature and prepare for the possible hospitalization of the baby.

7 Causes of Vomiting in Children One and Older

Most often, vomiting in older children from 1-1.5 years occurs the following reasons:

1. Intestinal infections.
2. Food poisoning - .
3. Concussion from falls and bruises.
4. Acute conditions associated with diseases - appendicitis, SARS, strangulated hernia, meningitis, etc.
5. Intoxication due to exposure to toxic substances from the outside.
6. Overfeeding or improperly selected food - too fatty, fried, sweet, etc. dishes.
7. Psychoneurological factors - fears, stress, neuroses, mental disorders, a consequence of diseases of the central nervous system.

Treatment of vomiting in a child - is it possible to treat vomiting in children on their own?

Parents should remember that vomiting is a serious sign of any violations in the health of the child, therefore, it is necessary to treat the underlying diseases and pathological conditions that are manifested by this symptom. For the same reason, it is impossible to stop vomiting by any means, because this is a protective reaction of the body.

If vomiting is less than three times, is not accompanied by any other symptoms (diarrhea, dehydration, temperature), and the child is older than one and a half years, then the baby should be kept calm, stop feeding for a while and monitor his condition. For any, even the slightest, symptoms of deterioration, you should call a doctor or an ambulance!

If the baby is a baby, then the doctor should be called even after a single vomiting.

Remember: there is no self-treatment of vomiting and cannot be!

What treatment will the child need due to the diseases that caused vomiting:

1. Food poisoning - gastric lavage in the hospital, then - detoxification and restorative therapy.
2. Food infections, infectious diseases - antibiotic therapy, detoxification of the body.
3. In acute conditions due to appendicitis, strangulated hernia, etc. - surgery.
4. concussion - bed rest and complete rest, anticonvulsant therapy, prevention of brain edema.
5. Functional vomiting due to neurosis, stress, mental disorders – neuropsychiatric treatment and psychotherapy.

The site site warns: self-medication can harm the health of your child and is dangerous for his life! The diagnosis should be made only by a doctor after the examination. Therefore, if vomiting occurs, be sure to consult a specialist!

I would like to start with the fact that vomiting in infants can be harmless, for example, due to ordinary overeating, but it can also be a serious symptom that absolutely cannot be ignored. First of all, vomiting threatens with extreme dehydration of the child's body. Just think - having lost only 10% of the fluid from the main water content in the body, the child is in mortal danger. What are the common causes of vomiting in newborns, we will now consider.

Causes of vomiting in infants

1. Overfeeding;
2. maternal hygiene;
3. The diet of a nursing mother;
4. Change of mixtures;
5. The introduction of complementary foods;
6. Poisoning;
7. Intestinal infection;
8. Appendicitis;
9. Concussion.

If the child is vomiting and the child does not want to take the breast / mixture, the child is lethargic, the child has vomiting and fever, the baby vomits more than three times a day - in this case, you should not self-medicate, but you need to call an ambulance.

Overfeeding

This is the single most harmless type of vomiting, otherwise referred to. If the child has eaten an amount of food that his stomach is not able to place and digest, part of the food eaten by the baby will simply vomit. Vomiting differs from vomiting in that it does not splash out with force, and sometimes it simply flows out of the child's mouth.

What to do in this case?

Don't overfeed your baby, don't shake or bathe him after eating. Half an hour of quiet pastime, and that's enough, after that you can engage in active activities and activities with your child.

Hygiene and diet of a nursing mother

Vomiting in a child can be the result of non-compliance with hygiene rules by the mother when feeding the baby. This can lead to serious infectious diseases. If the child is breastfed, the mother must follow the rules of hygiene:

• Wash the breast before and after feeding ();
• Monitor your own proper nutrition.

The quality of breast milk, and, consequently, the health of the baby, depends on how the nutrition of a young mother is organized. The mother's consumption of fatty, salty, spicy foods undoubtedly affects the composition of breast milk and can lead not only to vomiting, but also to a violation of the digestive process.

Therefore, every mother, regardless of how the baby reacts to breastfeeding, whether he has allergic reactions or not, must follow the recommendations for proper nutrition. (We read)

Change of mixtures

Very often, vomiting in children of 1 year of age can be triggered by a change in the mixture. The body of a child, accustomed to the composition of one mixture, may "oppose" and not accept another mixture. If you often change the milk mixture, the matter may be limited not only to vomiting, but also to more serious disorders (allergies, dysbacteriosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction).

In this regard, it is necessary:

• Choose the most suitable milk formula that the child consumes with pleasure (See the article about);
• Try not to change the mixture unless there is a good reason;
• Consult with your local pediatrician if you are going to change the mixture.

Vomiting due to food

The introduction of complementary foods can also cause the baby to vomit. Do not panic if vomiting was a one-time occurrence. Most likely, this is the reaction of the body to a new product. However, if vomiting occurs after each feeding, you should pay special attention to this. In this case:

• Follow the advice of the pediatrician on the rules of complementary foods;
• Start complementary foods with products that contain one component (apple puree, pear juice) - this will make it easier to identify the body's reaction to a certain component;
• Do not use puree or juice that has already been offered to the baby to feed the baby, open a new jar each time;
• Make sure that the product has not expired;
• Choose a quality manufacturer of baby food;
• Give your baby small portions of complementary foods, even if he can eat all the contents at once.

Poisoning

A particularly dangerous cause of vomiting. If the baby ate poor-quality food, then the first reaction of the body is to remove it from the stomach and prevent the absorption of harmful substances into the blood by any means.

What to do if a child vomits when poisoned?

• First of all, call an emergency ambulance. Your task is to prevent the body from losing a lot of fluid, so every fifteen minutes offer the baby a teaspoon of clean boiled water. If the stomach is irritated and cannot hold water yet, do not increase the amount of water, but offer to give. As soon as the child can take water without vomiting, offer already a tablespoon.
• Another symptom of poisoning can be loose stools, diarrhea. Dilute in a bottle or give the child the drug "Smecta" as an adsorbent from a spoon ( 1 sachet for 50 ml of water), or an activated charcoal tablet dissolved in water and wait for the doctor to arrive.

Intestinal infection

Causes vomiting, diarrhea, ie. large loss of fluid from the body.

What to do?

If the child is too small and refuses to drink, it may be necessary to replace the loss with intravenous fluid replacement as prescribed by the doctor. Such a disease is treated in a hospital, because it poses a threat to the life of an infant. Treated with antibacterial drugs.

concussion

Vomiting can be a symptom of a concussion.

What to do?

If your baby has fallen from any height - from a bed, a chair, a changing table - pick up without hesitation 03 . Monitor the condition of the child - loss of consciousness, unreasonable long crying, discoordination of movements - everything indicates a concussion. The opinion that if a child falls from a height no higher than his own height, then everything is in order is a myth. You will most likely have to take an x-ray and ultrasound of your child's brain to make sure the integrity of the baby's organs. A concussion may not manifest itself immediately, even a week after the fall, so it’s better to be safe right away, because if you lose time, you can face irreparable consequences.

Vomiting in infants can also be a symptom of a very serious illness or dysfunction of the body (appendicitis, strangulated hernia, meningitis, severe gastroenteritis, pneumonia, and many others). If you suspect any of these, call an ambulance immediately. You, the parents, are solely responsible for the health of your child, so always be attentive to the well-being of your baby.

Appendicitis

Often, vomiting can occur with appendicitis in children. In addition to vomiting, with appendicitis, there is acute pain on the right side, nausea, changes in body temperature, and general weakness. Therefore, mothers should pay special attention to the well-being and complaints of the child and seek medical help in time.

Video: what to do if a child vomits