Normal height for a 6 year old boy. Features of the relationship between height and weight in adolescents. Assessment of a child’s physical development

Greetings, dear readers! All parents strive for their children to grow up healthy and develop normally. But how can you tell if everything is okay with your baby? Doctors recommend focusing on such important indicators as the child’s weight and height by month. Compliance with the standards proposed by WHO on the basis of research, doctors determine the degree of full term of the baby and the quality of its further development.

World Health Organization, or WHO in the period 1997-2003. conducted a number of studies on the development of children under one year old, as well as a parallel analysis of the height and weight of children aged 1.5 to 6 years. The focus of the world organization was not only on indicators, but also on their ratios and monthly increases.

Why was such a global study needed? The latest data on indicators of physical development of children were recorded back in the 70s. 20th century. Since then, not only the rhythm and lifestyle of people has changed, but also the nature of infant feeding.

If during the Soviet period most babies were bottle-fed, then with the improvement of working conditions for nursing women and the opportunity to receive paid leave after childbirth for 1.5 years, more and more babies are now breastfed, which is otherwise reflected in the increase in body weight and length.

Data collection was carried out in different countries and ethnic groups: European countries, the USA, India, Brazil, Oman, etc. The study showed that each nation has its own parameters, therefore, to derive the average value of length and weight, for example, for European and Indian children, it is forbidden.

What do the values depend on?

Mothers who have at least once had a monthly check-up with their babies at the clinic know that the nurse not only measures and records indicators, but also pays attention to associated development factors:

past viral and infectious diseases;
presence of dehydration;
teething;
presence of appetite;
conditions of education.

They have a temporary effect on physical development, which can be corrected in the future.

However, there are other factors that the mother or doctors cannot or can hardly influence:

gender of the child;
genetic features (if dad and mom are tall, the baby will also be tall);
degree of term, as well as initial height and weight at birth;
nature of nutrition (natural or artificial);
presence of congenital diseases;
mobility;
ecological situation;
the nature of the pregnancy (did the mother smoke, drink alcohol, etc.);
the amount of somatotropic hormone produced, which is responsible for the growth of tubular bones (since most of the hormone is released at night, sleep disturbances in a child can cause growth retardation).

Good care, regular breastfeeding, adequate sleep, physical activity and outdoor exercise speed up children's growth. In turn, insufficient care and poor environmental conditions do not have the best effect on physical development.

To check whether your baby is developing normally, you do not have to rush to the clinic. Parents can take measurements themselves, based on generally accepted development standards and calculation formulas.

Child growth by months

Child growth standards depend, first of all, on the child’s gender, so WHO has created separate tables with average indicators for girls and boys. Depending on the age of the baby, the ratio of length and weight of the body, as well as the increase, will also differ.

First year

The table shows approximate growth indicators for babies at birth and up to one year; you can also track how many centimeters the child will grow within a month.

Children under one year old are characterized by a special change in indicators, and every month of life during this period is significant. But before you take measurements and count, you should make sure that your baby meets the indicators of a full-term baby:

The birth took place at 38-40 weeks of pregnancy.
Height is at least 45 cm with a weight of 2.5 kg.
Head circumference – from 34 to 36 cm.
Body parts are proportional.
The skin is smooth and delicate.
Hair length from 1 cm.
Clear rhythmic pulse.
Developed sucking reflex (you can read in my article).

If a baby was born premature, there are separate height and weight indicators for him depending on what week of pregnancy he was born. Here is a table of the height and weight of a premature baby:

Features of growth increase in the first year of life are as follows:

On average, the baby gains 3 cm over a monthly period.
The total increase in the first year of life should be at least 25 cm. Thus, the normal figure for a one-year-old baby is from 74 to 76 cm.
Children grow more rapidly in the first months after birth, after which this process slows down. So, in the first 3 months the increase will be 3.5 cm per month, from 3 to six months - 3-2.5 cm, from 7 to 9 - about 1.5 cm, from 9 to one year - 1 cm.
It is not only the overall increase in height that is important, but also its relationship to the weight and proportionality of body parts.

For doctors, the indicator of normal development of a baby is not so much its height as its head circumference. If the head is large and disproportionate to the body, doctors may suspect a disease such as hydrocephalus, an accumulation of fluid in the brain.

From 2 to 17 years

When a baby turns one year old, parents, as a rule, pay little attention to how much his growth is within normal limits. However, before the onset of puberty, this indicator is no less important than in the first months of life.

After a year, children's growth begins to slow down. Up to 2 years of age, the baby grows by an average of 9-12 cm, depending on gender and other factors. Until the age of 5 years, his height will increase by only 20-22 cm.

By the age of 10, the average height of a boy is 138-139 cm. From 11 to 17 years, during puberty, the growth of girls slows down, and in boys, on the contrary, it increases after 12-13 years. By the age of 17, the average for a girl will be 155-160 cm, for a boy - 166-171 cm.

How to determine a child's height?

To determine how tall your baby is under one year old, you will need a measuring tape or meter ruler:

Place the baby on the crib so that the back of his head rests on a hard surface.
Extend your legs and place your feet at a 90-degree angle.
Mark where the heels end.
Raise the child and measure the distance from the mark to a hard surface.

If the child can already stand, to measure his height, place him near the wall so that his heels touch a hard surface. Then take a hard ruler and place it on the child's head so that it forms a right angle with the wall. Make a mark where they touch and measure the distance from the floor to the mark.

After measuring your child's height, be sure to pay attention to his weight.

Baby's weight by month

WHO strongly recommends that parents pay attention not only to the height and proportionality of body parts, but also to weight gain. Many parents believe that the more a baby weighs before one year, the better. But this statement is fundamentally wrong. Unhealthy obesity can affect both teenagers and infants, especially those who are formula-fed.

Up to a year

For children under one year old, the weight norm is determined by month, and it should be taken into account that bottle-fed children gain weight much faster:

1 month. During this time, the child gains on average about 0.6 kg. To maintain normal developmental indicators, it is ideal if the mother feeds the baby every 3 hours. The volume of mixture consumed ranges from 80 to 120 ml per feeding.
2 month. During this period, the increase will be about 0.7-0.8 kg. The intervals between feedings can be increased to 3.5 hours. If in the future you decide to wean your baby from feeding at night, keep in mind that his weight will begin to decrease.
3 month. An increase of 0.8 kg is maintained. The intervals between feedings remain, but it is worth considering that up to 3 months the baby is bothered by intestinal colic, so appetite may decrease.
4 month. The child gains an average of 0.75 kg, and further indicators will decrease.
5 month. By the end of the fifth month, the baby already weighs 0.7 kg more.
6 month. In six months, Baby gains 0.65 kg. During this period, complementary foods in the form of vegetable purees begin to be introduced, which can replace one feeding.
7 month. Body weight increases by 0.6 kg. At seven months of age, babies can be given gluten-free porridge in the morning.
8 months. Weight gain is about 0.55 kg. The baby's menu includes a variety of vegetables, lean meat, cereals, and egg yolk.
9 months . The weight gain is half a kilogram. Purees from several components and fermented milk products appear on the menu.
10 months . The baby weighs 0.4 kg more than last month. He already tolerates fresh fruit well. You can add butter or vegetable oil to porridge.
11 months. Weight increases by 0.4 kg. You can include low-fat fish in the menu.
12 months . The weight increase occurs by 0.35-0.4 kg.

The following chart will help you determine if your baby is developing normally:

For the first half of the year. Multiply 800 by the number of months for the calculation period and add the weight of the baby at the time of birth.
In the second half of the year. M+800×6+400x(N-6), where M is the birth weight, N is the number of months.

After a year

In the future, not only the indicators prescribed by WHO will be important for girls and boys, but also the body mass index, which shows whether the weight is insufficient, normal or excessive. To determine your mass index, you need to divide your body weight by your height.

Based on the indicators proposed by WHO, one must take into account that they are averaged, and minor fluctuations in one direction or another are acceptable. Parents need to sound the alarm if weight values are significantly underestimated or overestimated.

If the levels are low, it is recommended to reconsider your diet and daily activity. For example, if until the age of 5 the child steadily gained weight, and by the age of 6 he began to lose weight sharply, the changes may be associated with preparation for school and a stressful state, a violation of the usual daily routine.

For infants up to one year old, vomiting, leading to dehydration, can be a dangerous phenomenon. The problem may arise due to improper nutrition, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system. In this case, you should definitely see a doctor.

In adolescence, boys, as a rule, experience pronounced thinness associated with intensive growth. Girls should eat more plant foods, since during the period of hormonal maturation there is a high probability of becoming obese.

Deviations from normal body weight at any age in a child should be a signal for parents that it is time to sound the alarm and seek help from doctors if you cannot help the baby on your own.

One of the first things you hear after your baby is born is his height and weight. This information is first entered into the child’s medical record, and it is also communicated to friends and relatives. I propose to figure out why exactly these indicators are so important.

Firstly, the height and weight of the child, as well as the circumference of the head and chest, help doctors correctly determine the condition of the newborn, suggest or exclude a number of diseases and pathologies. In the future, as the baby grows, these indicators serve as an indicator of the child’s physical development.

It is by the ratio of height and weight, as well as by the speed of development, that experts determine whether the sleep and rest schedule is correct, how to adjust the diet, and what physical activity will have a beneficial effect on the child’s body.

Baby's height at birth

The growth of a newborn at a gestational age of 38-40 weeks, as an important anthropometric indicator, can range from 46 to 56 cm. It depends on the blood flow of the placenta, the nutrition of the expectant mother, heredity, as well as the sex of the child
When assessing the condition of a newborn, short stature is not always a sign of poor development or prematurity of the fetus. For example, if the child’s parents are short, then the newborn may also be small
In addition, normal indicators also fluctuate for multiple pregnancies, in which children are born shorter and weigh less. However, each case is assessed individually by pediatricians based on general anthropometric indications and the physical condition of the newborn.
The ratio calculated using the weight/height formula (Quetelet index) is important. For full-term babies, the normal value is 60-70

In the first year of life, given the active development of the baby, height is extremely important for assessing health and nutritional balance. It is believed that the norm is an increase in height of about 25 cm per year. Here is an approximate table of height growth in the first year of a child’s life:

In the first six months of a baby’s life, its weight is calculated using the formula: weight of the newborn + 800 * number of months. So, if at birth the child’s weight was 3200 g, then at 4 months the weight should be no less than 3200 + 800 * 4 = 6400 g.

After 6 months the formula becomes more complicated. Now we add 400g for each month from 6 to 12 months. So, take the same data for an 8 month old child: 3200+800*6+400*2 = 8800 - the average weight of the child.

Important: Height and weight are important indicators of a child’s development, and if you have any doubts about your baby’s growth, share them with your pediatrician.

A baby is considered premature before 38 weeks. Naturally, the height and weight standards for such children are different, and further development also occurs along a different path. For example, the normal growth rate for a premature baby at birth is 35-45 cm.

Premature babies develop differently. Parents in such a situation should calm down and not rush events.
If babies with normal weight gain their bulk and height in the first months of life, then a premature baby begins to actively grow, catching up with peers, only after 3 months
This is due to the fact that the baby needs to gain the weight lost at birth (and it makes up up to 15% of the total weight) and gain weight to normal

The increase in height during the first year of life is about 26-36 cm, in the first six months the increase is 2-5 cm per month Premature babies not only differ in size, they have different physical and mental development, which frightens many parents, because the child begins to hold his head up later, later walk, etc.

Important: Remember, the baby will not lag behind, he will definitely catch up with his peers. Sometimes strengthening massage courses can help him develop.

Child growth chart: growth standards for boys and girls from birth to 18 years

Growth is influenced by many factors - physical development, nutrition, and a properly adjusted sleep and rest schedule is also important. In addition, we should not forget about heredity and the fact that each child develops differently.

Anthropometric centile tables will help determine the approximate growth rate for your child. They are compiled based on an analysis of the growth of several million children, as a result of which the average statistical indicator by age is derived.

It is worth noting that growth standards for boys and girls are different. Find the child's age and height in the table and see which column it is in.

Table of height and weight norms for girls

The norms include height, which is indicated in the columns highlighted in red. Everything that is indicated to the left: 10% is below the norm within acceptable limits, 3% is beyond acceptable limits. The situation is the same with the columns to the right, only in the direction of increase.

Important: If your child’s height and weight are in the extreme columns, consult with specialists: pediatrician, endocrinologist, therapist.

Table of height and weight norms for boys

How to calculate a child's height based on the parents' height: formula

Naturally, it is impossible to determine exactly how tall the baby will be, but it is still possible to make an assumption based on the hereditary factor. I suggest you familiarize yourself with the most popular formulas for calculating the height of boys and girls.

Height and weight ratio in children, tables

Of no less importance is the ratio of height and weight in a child, which reflects his physical development. Monitoring indicators over time will help prevent the baby from falling behind or developing obesity.
Even if your child is a couple of centimeters taller or shorter than his peers, or his height or weight does not fit into the age norms, you should pay attention to their ratio

Based on the above tables, you can make an approximate conclusion about the anthropometric indicators of your child.

Please note that you can also use a calculator to quickly calculate the ratio of a child's weight and height. You just need to enter your age, height and weight to determine your body mass index and developmental level.

Periods of intense growth in children: growth spurts

In the first year of a newborn’s life, approximately 5 so-called growth spurts are observed:

1-3 weeks
6-8 weeks
3 months
6 months
9 months

During growth, your baby may become whiny and will likely have a significantly increased appetite and require more time and food to satisfy his desires. If you are breastfeeding your baby, you may feel like you are not getting enough milk. The main thing is not to worry and continue feeding. Your body will do everything for you.

It is worth noting that in infants growth spurts do not last long - on average 2-3 days. In addition to increased appetite, you may notice increased anxiety during these periods, the emergence of new skills
Sometimes a growth spurt may be indicated by sudden sleep disturbances - the child wakes up more often or does not sleep at all, or, on the contrary, may fall asleep unusually soundly and for a long time

After a year, the child gains weight and grows more steadily. The next noticeable growth spurt occurs at approximately 6-7 years.

You need to understand that at this age extremely important changes occur in the child’s body, among which the first place is the formation of the musculoskeletal system and strengthening of the skeleton
Pay attention to the child’s posture; this is the time when problems with the spine can develop. The average height increase is about 8-10cm per year

Important: During the period of 6-7 years, it is difficult for a child to maintain one position for a long time or to remain motionless.

The next major growth spurt occurs during adolescent puberty. In this case, it is impossible to guess at what age it will happen. In girls, puberty occurs at 10-12 years of age, but in boys it is usually 1-3 years later. Growth per year can reach 8-10 cm, sometimes more.

A growth spurt is accompanied by hormonal changes in the child’s body, and secondary sexual characteristics appear
Moreover, the child’s body often negatively experiences rapid growth and weight gain.
A teenager may begin to experience seizures, headaches, and dental problems.
Hormonal changes affect the child’s behavior: he may become whiny or aggressive, get tired quickly

During this period, it is important for you to ensure that your child receives all the necessary substances and vitamins. Please note that during a growth spurt, fluid requirements may increase by up to 20-30%.

Problems of very tall height in children

You can read in detail about the reasons that influence a child’s growth, the factors leading to high growth, as well as recommendations for parents of a tall child

My child is short, what should I do?

If your child’s weight is much lower than normal, do not rush to draw conclusions, because it is possible to influence growth until the growth zones have closed.

Important: Before taking any steps on your own, consult your doctor - insufficient centimeters in some cases can be a symptom of glandular failure.

Factors that can affect a child's growth:

Nutritious food
Healthy sleep, properly regulated sleep and rest patterns
Sports loads
Favorable psycho-emotional environment

What height and weight can a child have, video

What is your project about?
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A pediatrician together with parents often faces the problem of correctly assessing the development of a child and adolescent. Here it should be clarified that a child develops differently at different ages. And here it is important to correctly assess the development of the baby according to his age.

Normal indicators

A child's height can be calculated using age tables, since there is a clear relationship between the child's age and his weight. So, the baby experiences an almost constant increase in weight, so that over the course of a year its weight increases several times compared to birth. But then the increase will no longer proceed so brightly; after the age of two, the increase in body weight will be 2.0-2.5 kg annually, and only by the age of 20 will human development stop completely.

A child's height and weight are inextricably linked. Therefore, these two concepts are always taken into account in combination.

At the age of 8 years with an average height of 130 cm for boys, the weight should be from 23.3 kg to 34.7 kg; for girls 22.1-33.8 kg.
At the age of 9 years with a height of 135 cm, the weight for girls should be 30.7 kg to 43.6 kg, for girls 29.8-43.0 kg.
At the age of 10 years with a height of 140 cm, the weight of boys should be 35.6-55.1 kg, for girls 34.2-53.1 kg.
At the age of 11 years with a height of 145 cm, boys should weigh 33.5-46.8 kg, girls 32.4-47.1 kg.
At the age of 12 years with a height of 150 cm, boys should weigh 36.5-52.2 kg, girls 36.1-53.1 kg.
At the age of 13 years with a height of 155 cm, boys should weigh 39.6-56.2 kg, girls 39.9-57.8 kg.

The development of a child proceeds almost continuously, but this continuity is progressive in nature and there is an indirect dependence on biological age. In other words, the younger the child, the more intense the processes of synthesis of new organs and tissues and, as a consequence, the child’s development.

In children, there are two sharp developmental leaps: one year of age and puberty. In the intervals between them, the child’s weight, of course, increases, but not so intensely and completely stops by the age of 18-20. Let’s consider the main reasons for sudden jumps in the development of a child.

The relationship between chronological and biological age

Biological age is the unity of development of the tissues of the child’s body, which depend on the unique characteristics of the child.

Chronological age is a period that shows how long a child has lived since his birth. This age can be easily determined using documents. Chronological and biological ages often do not coincide with each other. This is more typical for girls, who are characterized by faster biological maturation. As a result, girls' weight and height exceed those of boys.

Heterochrony or heterogeneity in the development of organs and systems of the body

At different ages of the child, body weight will increase depending on which part of the body receives the greatest development. So, at the age of 10-12 years, the child will intensively develop lymphoid tissue, which practically did not work in previous years. And after 12 years, the genital organs and the formation of reproductive function begin to develop. In girls this is clearly expressed. Because under the influence of female sex hormones, fat is deposited in the body and body weight increases. In boys, under the influence of testosterone, muscle mass will increase, and as a result, overall weight will increase.

Gender differences

The role of heredity

The growth of a child is a program that is included in the DNA. The genetic program ensures the life cycle of the child, controls the change in periods of development in appropriate conditions of nutrition and upbringing of the child.

The genetic program plays a very important role in the child's adaptation. Thus, under the influence of the external environment (starvation, infection), a profound restructuring of the body’s metabolic processes occurs, which will help the child survive.

The hereditary apparatus will help produce the necessary hormones, biologically active substances, everything that will help the child improve his immune reserve and resist the disease.

The importance of the neuroendocrine system

During the formation of the body, the neuroendocrine system begins to work in a more organized manner, it begins to function very subtly with the genetic apparatus, which will be determined by special rates of physical development, age-related physiological and psychological characteristics, this will not slow down the development.

Influence of the external environment

The development of a child is influenced by such environmental factors as the state of the atmospheric air, the composition of drinking food, and, of course, the social factor; let’s take a closer look:

Social factor. It has long been known that children who grew up in dysfunctional families have delays in height, weight and development when compared with their peers. Because they do not have enough food in their diet.
Composition of drinking water. Water quality will have a strong impact on a child's growth and development. Drinking low-quality water can disrupt the functioning of many body systems, especially the urinary system. If there is a high concentration of strontium in the water, children will experience stunted growth and decreased weight gain compared to healthy children.
Composition of atmospheric air. Recent studies have shown that air pollution with various chemicals has an adverse effect on the growth and development of a child.

All these factors must be considered when determining the development of a child between the ages of 8 and 13 years.

The neighbor's boy Vanya is almost half a head taller than my six-year-old son, despite the fact that they are the same age. But for my teenage daughter it’s the other way around – she’s the tallest girl in her class. What if the son remains short, and the daughter continues to grow?

Like any mother who worries about the future of her child, such questions haunt me. Of course, appearance is not the main thing, but still, you don’t want people to later say about your child “he’s a good guy, but he’s not tall enough.” Is the height appropriate for the child’s age, and what factors can influence these indicators?

Correspondence to the height and age of the child. One size fits all children.

It is known that to create any anthropometry table, arithmetic average values are used. From this we can conclude that not all children can “fit” into the obtained values. And does this mean that the child does not correspond in height to his age? Yes, but only in tabular values.

Despite this, all pediatricians and parents want the baby to at least keep up with generally accepted norms in physical development. Naturally, a minimal discrepancy between the baby’s height and age will not play a big role, however, it is the comparison of his anthropometric data with tabulated standards that helps to assess physical development.

Correspondence between the height and age of the child: “upward” leaps.

During certain age periods, children experience rapid growth. A child can “stretch out” in a matter of months. Usually mothers notice this by his clothes, which become too small. Children who grow rapidly are usually noticed to:

At the age of three;
At the age of seven;
At 10 years old, more often in girls;
At 13-15 years old, more often in boys;

Table of correspondence between height and age of children under one year (cm):

Age	Girls	Boys
Newborn	46-53	47-54
1 month	49-57	50-56
2 months	51-60	53-59
3 months	54-62	56-62
4 months	56-65	58-65
5 months	59-68	60-67
6 months	60-70	62-70
7 months	62-71	64-72
8 months	64-73	66-74
9 months	66-75	68-77
10 months	67-76	69-78
11 months	68-78	70-80
1 year	69-79	71-81

Table of correspondence of height and age of children from one year to 17 years (cm):

Age	Boys, height (cm)			Girls, height (cm)
Age	Short	Average	High	Short	Average	High
1.5 years	74-76	77-82	83-85	72-75	76-80	81-83
2 years	81-83	84-89	90-94	80-82	83-89	90-92
3 years	88-91	92-101	102-104	89-92	93-99	100-103
4 years	93-97	98-107	108-110	94-97	98-105	106-109
5 years	98-103	104-113	114-117	99-104	104-112	113-116
6 years	105-109	110-118	119-123	105-109	110-119	120-124
7 years	111-115	116-127	128-131	111-115	116-127	128-131
8 years	116-121	122-133	134-137	116-122	123-133	134-137
9 years	121-124	125-139	140-143	122-127	128-139	140-144
10 years	126-132	133-145	146-149	127-133	134-145	146-151
11 years	131-137	138-151	152-156	131-139	140-152	153-157
12 years	136-142	143-158	159-163	137-144	145-158	159-163
13 years	141-148	149-165	166-170	143-158	151-162	163-168
14 years	148-155	156-171	172-176	147-154	155-166	167-171
15 years	154-161	162-176	177-181	150-156	157-168	169-173
16 years	158-165	166-181	182-186	151-157	158-169	170-173
17 years	162-170	171-185	186-188	152-157	158-169	170-174

Correspondence to the height and age of the child. What factors influence this?

Hereditary factor.

(Dad’s height + mom’s height) /2 = x+5 cm (for boys) or x-5 cm (for girls). In this way you can calculate the approximate height of your “adult” child. According to such calculations, with a mother’s height of 160 cm and a father’s height of 190 cm, the expected height of an adult child will be about 175 cm. However, such a simple formula does not take into account the child’s gender, the dominance of the father’s or mother’s genes, and is therefore used extremely rarely.

Nutrition.

The appropriateness of the child's height and age largely depends on the quality of nutrition. The lack of minerals and trace elements necessary for growth and development can play a cruel joke. With insufficient intake of fats and proteins, the body simply does not have the ability to synthesize hormones, build new cells, develop and grow. This is why it is so important that your child eats a regular and balanced diet.

Hormonal background.

Thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, and premature puberty also affect the growth of a child.

Quality and duration of sleep;

Physical and psycho-emotional stress;

Psychological situation at home;

Intrauterine growth retardation (with complicated pregnancy);

Chromosomal abnormalities.

Correspondence to the height and age of the child. We take the correct measurements.

Before asking the question of whether height corresponds to the child’s age, you need to learn how to measure it.

Children under one year old are measured with a measuring tape in a lying position. To do this, you can place the baby on the table, carefully straighten the baby's knees and take the measurement.

Older children are measured using a stadiometer in the clinic or a home paper stadiometer pre-attached to the wall. Your child's feet should be tightly pressed together, arms along the body in a free position, knees straightened and relaxed. When taking measurements, the child must touch the wall at three points: shoulder blades, buttocks, feet. For the most accurate measurement, place a flat object in a perpendicular direction to the top of the child’s head.

If the child’s height does not correspond to his age, you should not take this news to heart. Surround your baby with care and love, create conditions for his physical and creative development and enjoy every day spent together. Childhood is fleeting, you won’t even notice how quickly your children grow up and become big and mature.