Plasticine diagnostics. Synopsis of GCD plasticineography "Maple leaf" senior group. What is plasticineography

Plasticine classes are a great opportunity for the development and education of children. They contribute:

1. The development of mental processes: attention, memory, thinking, perception, imagination.

2. Development of creative abilities.

3. The development of spatial orientation, sensorimotor coordination, that is, those school-significant functions that are necessary for successful schooling. Children learn to plan their work and bring it to the end.

4. Development of fine motor skills of the hands: the strength of the hands is strengthened, the movements of both hands become more coordinated, and the movements of the fingers are differentiated. The child's hand is being prepared for mastering such a complex skill as writing.

5. The activity of plasticineography also helps to relieve muscle tension and relaxation.

One of the undoubted advantages of classes in plasticineography is the integration of educational areas (for familiarization with the outside world and nature, speech development, etc.).

The technique is available to children already from the early preschool age, allows you to quickly achieve the desired result and introduces a certain novelty into the creativity of children, makes it more exciting and interesting.

If you successfully master the technique of plasticineography, you can perform teamwork, create paintings, original gifts for parents and friends.

Main goals and objectives teaching preschoolers "Plastilinography"

1. Formation of skills in working with plasticine, development of interest in artistic activity.

2. Mastering new techniques (rolling, pressing, smearing) and creating plot pictures with their help.

3. Teaching the ability to navigate on a sheet of paper.

4. Development of fine motor skills, coordination of hand movements, eye.

5. Education of perseverance, accuracy in work, the desire to bring the work begun to the end.

6. Development of artistic creativity, aesthetic feelings.

Basic tricks. The variety of subject forms requires the use of various modeling techniques.

rolling- a piece placed between the palms or on the board and pressed with the palm of the hand is rolled out with straight-line movements of the hands, lengthens and acquires a cylindrical shape.

rolling down- a piece of plasticine is rolled into a ball with circular movements of the palms or fingers.

pullback- by slightly pulling a piece of plasticine with a pinch, you can form part of the image.

smoothing down- required when depicting flat and smooth surfaces - performed with fingertips.

flattening- the most used technique - for this, the ball is squeezed to the shape of a cake. Small indentations and bends of the surface are transmitted by indentation - by pressing fingers, a stack or auxiliary tools forming the structure - tubules,

gear wheels, etc.

Topping- carried out by squeezing fingers, collected in a pinch, in that part of the form where a new part is created.

Pressing and smearing - it is important to teach children to apply force with their fingers.

The teacher shows the techniques, and if necessary, takes the child's index finger and helps to draw a plasticine line, turns the finger in the right direction.

The main directions of smearing are from top to bottom, from left to right.

Stages of learning "plasticineography"

Preparatory.

Mastering the techniques of pressing, pressing down, smearing plasticine with a fingertip; development of the correct setting of the finger. Mastering the technique of pinching off a small piece of plasticine and rolling the ball between two fingers. Developing the ability to work in confined spaces.

Basic.

Learn not to go beyond the outline of the drawing, smear plasticine all over the drawing with your finger, use several colors of plasticine, use auxiliary objects (bones, feathers, peas, etc.) to make your work more expressive. Mastering the ability to use a special signet stack, bring things to an end, work carefully, perform collective compositions, restore the sequence of actions performed, act according to the model and verbal instructions of the educator.

Final. Learn to independently solve creative problems, choose a drawing for work; form a personal attitude to the results of their activities

Color mixing.

When creating stucco work, you may need a variety of colors.

plasticine and their shades. To obtain the desired shade, you can combine plasticine of various colors and varieties.

Remember the primary colors: yellow, red and blue. When they are mixed, new, derivative tones are obtained. Mixing yellow and blue makes green, yellow and red make orange, and red and blue make purple. Mixing more than two colors at the same time is not recommended.

To obtain a variety of shades, the technique of infusing one color into another is used in two ways:

1. mix plasticine directly on the base, applying strokes alternately, and then smearing them on the surface.

2. several pieces of multi-colored plasticine, knead, mix in one ball and use.

Mixing white plasticine weakens the influence of bright colors, making them more dull, pastel.

When mixing matte and fluorescent grades, plasticine of a new quality is obtained.

Compiling plasticine of the desired color is a time-consuming process, but very interesting.

Hands throughout the work should be clean and warm.

You can use a plastic bottle of hot water to warm the plasticine and hands.

1. Warm up hard plasticine before class in hot water (but do not pour boiling water).

2. In order to avoid deformation of the picture, thick cardboard should be used as the basis.

3. Cover the base with tape before starting work. This will help to avoid the appearance of greasy stains (it is easier to work on a slippery surface and it is easier to remove excess plasticine with a stack).

4. A board or oilcloth, a napkin for hands must be present on the desktop.

5. Covering a plasticine picture with colorless varnish or hairspray will prolong its “life”.

6. In order to give the surface a shine, before smoothing the plasticine, the fingers are slightly moistened in water, but so that the cardboard base does not get wet.

7. To make the surface of the picture look rough, various methods of applying the image of relief dots, strokes, stripes, convolutions or curly lines are used. You can work not only with your fingers, but also with stacks.

8. In the course of the lesson, it is required to perform minute warm-ups and physical training minutes.

Thank you for your attention!

(from the Internet)

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Kindergarten of supervision and improvement No. 179"

The program of the circle "Plasticineography."

Senior group

Accepted amounted

At the pedagogical council, the educator

MBDOU №179 Babakekhyan A.G.

Protocol No. ____

From _________2015

Kemerovo 2015

Explanatory note

Preschool childhood is a very important period in the life of children. It is at this age that every child is a little explorer, with joy and surprise discovering an unfamiliar and amazing world around him. The more diverse children's activities, the more successful the versatile development of the child is, its potentialities and the first manifestations of creativity are realized. That is why one of the closest and most accessible types of work in kindergarten is artistic manual labor, which creates conditions for involving the child in their own creativity, in the process of which something beautiful, unusual is created.

I continue my circle "Crazy Hands" and I want to introduce the children of the older group tonon-traditional technique of visual activity -plasticineography , the principle of which is the creation of a stucco picture depicting semi-volumetric objects on a horizontal surface.

Relevance and novelty of the program: is that the game situation introduces children to the non-traditional technique of visual activity - plasticineography, which takes into account the age, physiological, psychological and cognitive characteristics of older children.

This work is aimed at developing fine motor skills of fingers and hands. Indeed, at the moment the child is not sufficiently prepared to master the curriculum, many children have weakened fine motor skills of the fingers. In the course of conducting classes on this topic, children's thinking, speech, perseverance are activated, the ability to gradually plan work is formed. This is the pedagogical expediency of this program.

The main goal of the circle work program: "Crazy Hands":

to teach children how to create objects using non-traditional fine art techniques - plasticineography.

Target

Instilling aesthetic taste, awakening creative activity in pupils;

Acquaintance with a new type of application;

Acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities to make pictures from plasticine;

Training in assembly and execution of work.

Tasks

Tutorials:

1. To master the initial technological knowledge, skills and abilities.

2. Accumulate practical experience in creating crafts.

3. Own methods of planning and organizing leisure activities.

4. Use creative collaboration skills.

Developing: contribute to the development

1. creativity.

2. sensory, fine motor skills of hands.

3. spatial imagination.

4. technical and logical thinking, eye.

5. The ability to independently perform and create various crafts.

Educational:

1. Respectful attitude to the results of labor.

2. Interest in creative and leisure activities.

3.Practical application of the rules of cooperation in collective activities.

Basic forms and methods of work.

To achieve the set goals, the selection of the main forms and methods of activity is envisaged. A special place in the program is occupied by the following forms and methods of teaching:

Reproductive (reproducing);

Explanatory - illustrative (the explanation is accompanied by a demonstration of visual material);

The method of problem presentation (the teacher poses a problem and, together with the children, looks for ways to solve it);

Partial search;

Practical.

In conducting classes, both individual and group and collective forms of work are used.

Children's age: 5 - 6 years old.

Implementation period: 1 year.

Summarizing: it is planned to design children's works in the form of an exhibition, joint work by children, a report on the work done.

Development indicators

By the end of the school year, the child:

Masters the basic skills and abilities to sculpt objects of various shapes;

Create small plot compositions, conveying proportions, poses and movements of figures;

Develop perseverance;

Develops fine motor skills of fingers

Maintains interest in the activity

Thematic planning

Month

Topic

Qty

hours

October

Acquaintance of children with plasticineography. autumn leaves

Mushroom mushrooms grew in the forest

My garden and garden

November

gold fish

The worm in the apple

sperm whale - sperm whale

Octopus

December

Snowman

Christmas balls are so beautiful and important

Christmas tree

January

Bullfinch

penguin on ice

Symbol of the year

February

The boat runs on the waves

Valentine (heart)

Tie for dad

apples on a plate

March

Flowers for mom

Matryoshka

underwater kingdom

Snowdrop

April

Ladybug fly to the sky

Butterfly

Magic egg

Swan

May

Beetles, worms and other insects woke up

forget-me-nots

Dandelions

fun zoo

long term plan

October.

Subject: Acquaintance of children with plasticineography. Autumn leaves.

Target: Talk about plasticineography. Showing the finished work by the educator using this technique, with the reflection of convex volumetric images on a horizontal surface. Introduce children to the concept - a stencil, show and teach how to work with it. Develop fine motor skills of the hand, develop color perception, the ability to choose the right tone for plasticine, graphic skills (the ability to work with a stack like a pencil, using the scratching technique); to cultivate aesthetic feelings through the perception of paintings by great artists about autumn, to lay the foundations for love for nature and respect for it.

Subject: Mushroom mushrooms grew in the forest.

Target: To improve the skills of working with plasticine in the technique of "plasticine drawing" - cutting with scissors, rubbing in shape. To form in children a generalized concept of mushrooms, their varieties, qualities. To learn to find correspondences between the forms of real and depicted mushrooms, to convey their natural features, color. Develop creative imagination and thinking; arm muscle activity. To cultivate accuracy in work, the desire to bring the work begun to a high quality and to the end; feelings of collectivism.

Subject: My garden and orchard.

Target: Continue mastering the techniques of plasticineography - to fix the technique of "rubbing" plasticine over the surface. To consolidate the ability to carefully use plasticine in their work. Learn to use outline drawing as the basis of an image. Strengthen the ability to classify fruits and vegetables. Develop motor skills of the hand, develop creative activity and independence; arouse a desire to do a useful thing - a didactic game, to cultivate a sense of unity from the process of joint work.

Subject: Owl is an owl. Big head.

Target: Learn to mix plasticine, preventing the colors from completely absorbing each other. To teach how to use a "rolling pin" - a tube from a glue stick for rolling plasticine over a surface. Develop creativity, independence and activity. Develop fine motor skills of the hands when performing techniques for working with plasticine. Develop color perception. To cultivate diligence and perseverance in work, the desire to do the work correctly and to the end. Cultivate honesty and criticality when evaluating “drawings”,learn to cook background work (branch, moon, balls)

November

Subject: Gold fish.

Target: . Improve the technical skills of working with plasticine. Develop imaginative perception, logical and creative thinking. To develop children's creativity through acquaintance with various methods and materials. Cultivate purposefulness, enthusiasm for creative work. Find out the desires and aspirations of children (with the help of the Golden Fish).

Subject: A worm in an apple.

Target: The work of the educator using different modeling techniques.To consolidate the ability to carefully use plasticine in their work. Learn to use outline drawing as the basis of an image.

Subject: Sperm whale - sperm whale.

Subject: Octopus.

Target:

December

Subject: Snowman.

Target: To consolidate the ability to evenly and smoothly apply plasticine to the surface of the cardboard - rub it using water. Learn to work in the "grattage" technique. To develop figurative perception, imagination and creative activity, independence in work, graphic image skills. Develop fine motor skills of the hand. Cultivate accuracy, independence, decisiveness in actions.

Subject: Christmas balls are so beautiful and important.

Target: To form in children a generalized idea of \u200b\u200bChristmas tree decorations: their history, traditions, types. To learn how to create all kinds of scenery, plot images on the plane of an audio disc. Learn to use various aids for the expressiveness and colorfulness of the image (caps from felt-tip pens, toothpicks). To develop the creative imagination of children, encouraging them to independently come up with a pattern for their balloon. To cultivate the desire to contribute to the preparation of festive interiors, decorations.

Subject: Christmas tree.

Target: Continue to introduce children to the technique of stencil drawing and decoration techniques. To develop creative imagination, thinking of children when decorating the Christmas tree. Develop fine motor skills. Develop attentiveness, the ability to listen and be guided by the instructions of the educator. Arouse interest in activities by the desire to participate in the preparation of festive events. Cultivate objectivity in evaluating the work of comrades.

Subject: A white snowflake sat on my palm.

Target:

January

Subject: Bullfinch.

Target: Continue mastering the techniques of plasticineography - to fix the technique of "rubbing" plasticine over the surface. To consolidate the ability to carefully use plasticine in their work. Learn to use outline drawing as the basis of an image. Develop motor skills of the hand, develop creative activity and independence; arouse a desire to do a useful thing, cultivate a sense of unity from the process of one's work.

Subject: Penguin on the ice.

Target: Continue to master the techniques of plasticineography,background preparation: waves - short blue sausages, horizon line - a long white sausage, northern lights - multi-colored sausages laid out in rows in the form of lines.

Subject: Symbol of the year.

Target:

Subject: A white snowflake sat on my palm

Target: Show the possibilities of using means uncharacteristic for this type of activity (garlic press) to embody the image. Learn to make a geometrically correct pattern from plasticine passed through a garlic press. Develop eye, creative imagination and creativity. Generate interest in the process. Cultivate accuracy, patience in the process of work. To develop the adequacy and argumentation of value judgments.

February

Subject: The boat runs on the waves.

Target: Improve the technique of working with plasticine. Teach children to independently choose techniques for depicting the sea (scratching, rubbing, decorating and rolling). Develop imaginative thinking, creative imagination. Activate fine motor skills of the hands. Learn to work with color; correctly build the composition of the picture. To develop independence, individuality in work. Arouse the desire to make a gift to loved ones, dear people and congratulate them on the holiday "Defender of the Fatherland Day". To cultivate love and respect for parents, pride in those who had to serve in the Army.

Subject: Valentine (heart).

Target: Improve your stencil skills. Develop imaginative thinking, creative imagination. Activate fine motor skills of the hands. Learn to work with color; correctly build the composition of the picture.

Subject: Tie for dad.

Target: Encourage children to make gifts for loved ones. Develop creative imagination. Build independent work skills.

Subject: Apples on a plate.

Target: To acquaint children with the concept of "still life". Invite them to make their own composition of three apples. Continue to teach to reflect the natural features of fruits in visual activity: the original shape and color. Develop eye and color perception.

March

Subject: Flowers for mom.

Target:

Subject: Matryoshka.

Target: Introduce children to the world of art. Continue to teach decorating techniques: observe the geometry and symmetry of the decoration elements, properly manage the color - choose contrasting colors. Develop fantasy, creativity, imagination, visual-figurative thinking, visual memory. To develop activity and independence in work, as well as diligence and accuracy.

Subject: Underwater kingdom.

Target: Summarize children's ideas about the inhabitants of the underwater world. Continue to master the techniques of working with plasticine: consolidate the skills of working with a stencil, choose and successfully use visual materials, improve decoration techniques on the basis of the depicted object. Develop aesthetic and figurative thinking, imagination. To develop creative activity, independence in work. Cause satisfaction from the process of their work and then the result of the collective image of the marine world.

Subject: Snowdrop.

Target: Continue to acquaint children with the options for using the “plasticine products” of the garlic press. Learn to reflect the natural features of the plant: the original shape and color of the petals. Continue to develop the eye and color perception, composition, as well as fine motor skills of the hand. Arouse the desire to give a gift to a loved one. To educate children in benevolence, kind, tender relationships with loved ones (especially in boys). To achieve accuracy in working with plasticine.

April

Subject: Ladybug, fly to the sky.

Target:

Subject: Butterfly.

Target: Continue to introduce children to the natural world. Improve skills in the technique of "plasticine drawing". To consolidate the ability to roll short segments with a finger, balls in a circular motion. Stimulate the active work of the fingers. Develop creative thinking and imagination. Develop color perception, sense of measure of harmony, sense of aesthetic perception.

Subject: Magic egg.

Target: To acquaint children with a new image technique - “plasticine drawing”, namely, to teach decorating techniques followed by glossing. Inform, clarify children's ideas about the reasons for the traditional celebration of Easter. Develop creative abilities. To develop activity and independence in work. Develop fine motor skills of the hand. To cultivate interest and a certain attitude to spiritual values, to the traditions of the people. To cultivate neatness, accuracy in work, the desire to perform a beautiful “drawing”.

Subject: Swan.

Target: To form an interest in the world around, realistic ideas about nature. Learn to use knowledge and ideas about the features of the appearance of an insect. Continue to improve your plasticine skills. Learn to listen to the instructions of the teacher and be guided by them in the work. Develop figurative representations, creative abilities. Develop color skills. Develop resourcefulness in the process of completing the task: strive to use as many means as possible to embody the image. Cultivate zeal, perseverance, the ability to bring what has been started to the end.

May

Subject: Beetles, worms and other insects woke up.

Target: Generalize about insects. To develop the ability to work in a team amicably and accurately, creative and imaginative thinking of children. Encourage the initiative of children and the desire to complete the composition.

Subject: Forget-me-nots.

Target: Continue to introduce children to the natural world. To consolidate the ability to roll short segments into balls with a finger in a circular motion. Stimulate the active work of the fingers

Subject: Strawberry.

Target: Contribute to the expansion of children's knowledge about the diversity of plant species and forms. Strengthen the cognitive interest in nature. Continue learning to create a composition from individual parts, achieving the integrity of the perception of the picture. Contribute to the development of shaping hand movements in working with plasticine

Subject: Cheerful zoo.

Target: Summarize children's ideas about the inhabitants of the zoo. Invite them to choose an animal on their own and draw it. Encourage independent activity. Design a thematic exhibition of works "Our cheerful zoo"

Conclusions

Recall that abilities are manifested and formed only in activity. This means that only by properly organizing the activity of the child, it is possible to identify and then develop his abilities. K.D. Ushinsky wrote: "The basic law of children's nature can be expressed as follows: the child needs activity incessantly and gets tired not of activity, but of its monotony or one-sidedness."

Thus, in activities aimed at achieving a specific goal, not only this activity itself is improved, but also the child's visual perception of objects in the world around him. Productive activities contribute to the improvement of children's speech, the formation of the moral qualities of a person, such as independence, initiative, organization and responsibility when performing a task. The effectiveness of the correctional process in the course of productive activities directly depends on the methods and techniques that are used in the work. According to scientists, it is advisable to carry out special work with the help of natural material.

Literature

Sazhina D.S. "Compilation of working curricula for preschool educational institutions." - "TC Sphere", 2007.-112s.

“Moral and aesthetic education of a child in kindergarten” / Vetlugina N.A., Kazakova T.N., Panteleev G.N. - M.: Enlightenment, 1989. - 79 p.

Komarova T.S., Savenkov A.I. "Collective creativity of preschoolers". - M .: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005. - 128 p.

"Collective creativity of preschoolers" / Gribovskaya A.A. - "TC Sphere", 2005. - 192 p.

Doronova T.N. "The development of children in visual activity." - "CHILDHOOD-PRESS", 2005. - 96s.

Dubrovskaya N.V. "Invitation to Creativity". - "CHILDHOOD-PRESS", 2004. - 128s.

Yakovleva T. N. "Plasticine painting". - "TC SPHERE", 2010.

Lykova I.A. "We sculpt from plasticine, clay, dough" - "Olma Media Group", 2009.

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INconducting

Interaction with objects helps the child to explore the world. At this moment, the knowledge of his creative abilities also takes place, by changing what he touches. During classes with plasticine, tactile activity is manifested, which influences the formation of the child's fantasy and forms the basis for the development of his intellect. The relationship that exists during the active movements of the baby's fingers and the formation of his speech apparatus has been proven. It turns out that with the help of hands in this period of life, the baby learns to express his thoughts. Hands for him at this moment are an additional speech organ. The functions of motor activity and speech are formed in parallel. If the development of the motor activity of the hands lags behind the normal course, then speech development is also delayed, although the general physical activity may be normal and even higher than normal.

Therefore, drawing with plasticine will have a beneficial effect on the developing verbal apparatus of the child. In addition, one should not forget about such an aspect as preparing the hands for writing, which in our time often begins even before the child goes to school. By the age of 5, a child should be able to emotionally respond to interesting expressive images, enjoy a beautiful object, drawing, visual materials, master the simplest visual-expressive and technical skills. The transformations taking place in preschool education give rise to new requirements for the development of children. Acquaintance of children with the non-traditional modeling technique of plasticineography, the principle of which is to create a stucco picture depicting semi-volumetric objects on a horizontal surface, is an accessible activity for preschool children. The stucco paintings created in this genre are convex planar objects on a horizontal plane.

The concept of "plasticine" has two semantic roots: "graph" - to create, draw, and the first half of the word "plasticine" means the material with which the execution of the plan is carried out.

Plasticine classes allow you to comprehensively develop the personality of the child, his creative abilities, imagination, expand the possibilities of children's visual activity. Children receive knowledge, abilities, skills, the child learns to know the world, to be aware of himself and his place in it.

So, classes with plasticine play an extremely important role in the full development of the child because:

1. this is one of the ways of knowing the world around us and our place in it;

2. this is one of the ways to develop intellectual abilities;

3. this is one of the ways of forming his speech apparatus;

4. in the process of practicing with plasticine, the child begins to show creative abilities.

All of the above facts determined the choice of the research topic: "The use of plasticineography technique in teaching modeling to children aged 5-6 years."

The purpose of the study: To study the features of the use of plasticineography in teaching modeling to preschool children

Object of study: the process of teaching children 5-6 years old.

Subject of study: the use of plasticineography for the development of modeling in children aged 5-6 years.

Research objectives:

1. Analyze the methodological and pedagogical literature to determine the content of teaching modeling for children 5-6 years old.

2. To study the technique of plasticineography, its possibilities for developing the formation of modeling skills in children 5-6 years old.

3. Develop a series of modeling lessons using plasticineography.

4. Conduct diagnostics to identify the use of plasticineography in the practice of teaching modeling in preschool institutions ..

Research hypothesis: plasticineography will be an effective means of developing modeling skills in children of a given age under the following pedagogical conditions, if:

Children will master the technique of plasticineography;

Plasticineography is a structural component of integrated classes;

The teacher, when conducting classes, uses a reasonable combination of traditional and non-traditional teaching technologies.

Research methods:

1. Theoretical: analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature.

2. Empirical: observation, analysis of products of visual activity.

3. Interpretive: quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results of the study.

Theoretical significance of the study: consists in the fact that the approaches of scientists to the problem of using plasticineography in the development of modeling in children 5-6 years old are summarized; the features of the formation of modeling skills in children of older preschool age are disclosed; the pedagogical conditions conducive to the development of visual skills when using plasticineography are determined.

The practical significance of the study: the compiled cycle of integrated classes will help educators organize work on the use of plasticineography in teaching modeling.

1. TtheoreticalAspectslearningtechniqueplastinographychildren5-5 years

1.1 MmaterialsAndequipment

Basic equipment: clothes, board, knife (stack), material (plasticine), hardboard or plastic covers for the base. The subject material is a sequence of carefully selected, gradually becoming more complex products. Each new product is based on what has already been studied, contains familiar forms and is performed with techniques already known to the child, but at the same time supplemented with new, more complex elements that are not yet familiar to him.

Additional equipment: pointed matches or toothpicks, beads, decorative items for decoration, a soft, clean rag (for cleaning hands and stack at the end of classes).

Work clothes: first of all, it is necessary to protect the child's school clothes from plasticine, as this material stains everything. The best option for work clothes for a baby is dad's old t-shirt. In it, the child is closed on all sides, and the sleeves of the T-shirt go down just to his wrists. Ideally, insert an elastic band into the edge of the sleeve. You can use a work robe with long sleeves or an apron with oversleeves.

The main working tool is a knife. In modeling it is called a stack. The knife should be small and light, straight, not folding, but, above all, safe, with a thin and not too sharp blade, with a pointed (but not sharp) end. In some sets, ready-made plastic stacks are attached to the plasticine, but they poorly meet the requirements. The best stack is a plastic disposable knife. It has a thin, even or finely serrated blade, the reverse edge is straight, like a ruler. It is lightweight and safe. Its blade is strong enough to cut a block of plasticine of medium hardness. The reverse edge will serve to control the quality of the shape and proportions. In the hands of physically strong students, these knives sometimes break, so it is better to have some reserve.

Materials and tools: thick cardboard, hardboard or colored film - for the base for the picture. A wooden or plastic board - as a desktop for rolling plasticine and sculpting small parts. A glass of water (hands must be periodically moistened with water so that the plasticine does not stick to them). Cotton napkin for hands. A set of stacks of various shapes (Stacks are small plastic or wooden knives for cutting, aligning plasticine and detailing depicted objects). Various gears, polyhedrons, tubes and other devices - to give the surface a certain structure. Plastic medical or confectionery syringes - for squeezing out the plastic mass. Good plasticine. That is, one that has a bright color, rolls out thinly and does not stick to hands.

The plot for the application can be any drawing from a book or magazine that can be transferred to surfaces using carbon paper.

Application from plasticine can be done in different ways. To work, you will need a sheet of cardboard, a selected plot and colored plasticine. The advantages of plasticine appliqué over sculpting three-dimensional figures is that a very beautiful and vivid plot can be made on a plane, and much less material will be needed.

First you need to transfer the drawing you like to a sheet of cardboard or a marker on glass, fill each section of the picture with plasticine of the corresponding color, which can be done with small balls, flagella or whole parts, giving the edges the desired shape with a stack.

A piece of glass must first be thoroughly washed with soap or glass detergent, dried with a napkin. It is best to seal the edges of the glass with adhesive tape or electrical tape so as not to get hurt during work. Transfer the drawing to the glass with a marker, fill in the elements of the drawing with plasticine, for which you select a piece of plasticine of the right size and knead it well in your hands and smear it on the glass. You can smear it with your fingers or with a stack, carefully pressing it to the surface to get a thin layer. The new color must be applied sequentially and separately. After the application is finished, you need to remove the adhesive tape from the edges and put a background of colored paper on the plasticine surface, and tightly on top - another glass of the same size, then thick cardboard. Glue the resulting work along the contour with strips of colored paper to make a neat frame. The application can also be done on a sheet of thick cardboard, but in this case, greasy spots from plasticine will remain on the base.

1.2 MMethodsAndtrickslearningtechniqueplastinography

Getting started with plasticine, you need to teach children the basic techniques. Because it is by rolling, rolling, flattening, pinching, pulling and smoothing plasticine that you can get certain objects to create an application.

In order to roll the plasticine, you need to put a piece between your palms, press a little and perform circular movements to make a ball. The ball must be rotated periodically so that it becomes round.

When rolling out a plasticine ball, it turns into an egg or a cylinder. Roll up the ball and transform it into a cylinder with straight hand movements. The egg will turn out if you place your hands obliquely relative to each other and roll out.

If you need a cake or a disk, then first roll up the ball, then squeeze it strongly between the palms, or press it against the table with the palm of your hand.

In order to give a certain texture to the surface of the product, it is necessary to pinch plasticine parts. This is necessary when performing small details on a large model. To do this, they grab a little plasticine with joined fingers and release it, giving it the desired shape.

Pulling is done similar to the previous technique. To do this, after capturing the plasticine, it is pulled back and a new element or part is formed.

In order to create a smooth transition from one part to another when connecting and for rounding, smoothing is used. It is performed with fingers or a stack. At the same time, you can remove excess plasticine.

To divide the bar into the desired pieces, cutting is used using a stack or cutter.

By applying and gently pressing the parts to each other, a connection of several parts is obtained. In this case, it is necessary to measure the force and prevent deformation of the parts.

A plasticine figure can be molded in two ways: from a whole piece of plasticine or combine several parts into one. A figurine made from one piece of plasticine is more stable than a figurine made of several parts and can be molded faster than the same one, but made up of several simple elements. However, the use and connection of various parts when sculpting allows you to make the figures more complex, detailed.

When choosing one or another modeling method, of course, you should pay attention to the age and individual abilities of the child. The worse the motor skills, the more expedient it is to sculpt crafts using as few unnecessary details as possible. It is better in this case to focus on the properties of plasticine: color, shape, plasticity. After all, a child only learns to know the world through a complex process of creativity. With age, you can increase the number of details. Mental fragmentation of the proposed craft into parts will teach the child to analyze and plan.

In order to start modeling any figure from plasticine, you first need to master a few simple techniques for sculpting simple elements such as a ball, roller, cone, cake, etc.

Helpful Hints

Plasticine residues, small pieces, can be sorted into small plastic bags or plastic containers by color.

In order to get the same elements of the figure, especially when sculpting such details as ears, arms, legs, flower petals, leaves, etc., it is necessary to separate the same blanks from a piece of plasticine. If the bar is new, of a standard size, then it is easy to divide it into equal parts. If a piece of plasticine has already been in work, then you need to roll an even roller out of it, and then divide it into even parts.

Mixing plasticine is practically no different from mixing oil paints. In both cases, it is undesirable to use more than three colors, otherwise a lump of an indefinite color is formed. If you mix plasticine with a small amount of black, you achieve a darker tone of the same color, and vice versa, mixing colored plasticine with white, you get pastel colors.

In practice, this happens as follows. They take 2 pieces of plasticine of different colors, beforehand, each one needs to be well warmed up in hands and rolled into one roller. The resulting roller is folded in half, getting a thicker and shorter roller, it is again carefully rolled out and folded in half, etc. Rolling and bending continues until the piece of plasticine becomes a uniform color, without spots and veins. It is immediately undesirable to mix 3 colors, it is best to first mix 2 colors until a homogeneous one is obtained, then add the third color to the resulting one.

Color mixing:

Pink (for sculpting hands, feet, face) = 1/5 red + 4/5 white

Dark gray (for sculpting a wolf) = 3/5 black + 2/5 white

Light gray (for modeling a bunny) = 7/8 white + 1/8 black

Light green (herbaceous) = 1/2 green + 1/2 yellow

Light green (for leaflets) = 1/3 yellow

Light green (for leaflets) = 1/3 yellow + 2/3 green. If you add 1/5 white, you can use it to make young leaves.

Purple = 1/3 red + 3/3 blue.

Ocher \u003d 1 / yellow + 1/2 brown

Marble: rolls of plasticine of different colors are twisted into a bundle and slightly mixed, preventing complete absorption of colors.

Plasticine adhering to the surface is best removed with a stack or a dry cloth. In order for the finished plasticine figurine to shine and its surface to be smooth, it must be held at some distance from the candle flame. In this case, care and caution should be observed, and the procedure must be carried out in the presence of adults.

In order to keep a figure from ordinary plasticine for a long time, you can cover it with 2-3 layers of water-based paint, the main thing is that there are no smudges left. The paint will fit well on the plasticine surface if it is degreased first. To do this, use talc, starch or flour, which are applied to the product with a dry brush. After the paint dries, the figurine is painted with gouache and varnished. The figurine processed in this way will be stored for a long time and look like a real figurine. The only thing you need is to protect the figurine from falling so that it does not deform. To obtain a durable surface for plasticine crafts, you can use another method: a thin layer of glue is applied to the product and sprinkled with semolina. After the surface dries, it is covered with white water-based paint, and after drying, painted with acrylic paints. This method will take some time, as it will be necessary to dry each applied layer well.

The picture is already a more complex version of the plasticine application. It will require some skill in working with this material, the ability to mix colors and accuracy. It is best to start mastering the technology of a plasticine picture with simple small images. In the process of making a picture in plasticine technique, everyone develops their own style and manner, they gain confidence in working with the material, their own recipes for obtaining tones and shades, as well as little tricks and secrets. By completing a few simple and small paintings. It will be possible to proceed to a more complex work.

So, to create a plasticine picture, you will need a plot (either your own or from a book (magazine), a base, a set of stacks and some initial knowledge about the technique of making a plasticine picture.

As a basis for a plasticine picture, thick cardboard, a Plexiglas plate or plywood are suitable. A picture made of plasticine can be either flat or convex, depending on the details that make it up.

The picture can be square, round, oval, etc. Using a stack or fingers, plasticine is applied to the base. Then it is best smeared on cardboard by hand, since the material under pressure lies evenly on the surface, thus achieving the effect of a stroke with oil paints.

A picture can be embossed in various ways - by forming elements using a stack, sculpting individual parts, by cutting with scissors and lifting cuts, rubbing plasticine through a sieve or squeezing it through a garlic press, etc.

Work on the painting begins from the top edge of the base, in order to prevent the hands from touching the surface areas covered with plasticine. Rounded and oval elements are made of rolled plasticine balls, which flatten out when fixed on the base.

Thin stripes in the picture are made using rollers rolled on a plane. The rollers should not be too long, otherwise it will be difficult to transfer them to the base. Long lines and elements are made up of several short rollers. Before applying the rollers to the surface, they must first be cooled. When rolling out thin rollers, it must be borne in mind that when flattened, they increase in cross section.

To complete such details of the picture as petals, flower stalks, curls, strands of hair, you will need even rollers, which can be obtained by squeezing heated plasticine through a disposable syringe or through a garlic press. If you rub plasticine through a small metal strainer, you can get loose and fluffy elements of the picture, such as corals, grass, animal fur, and more.

With the help of a comb, the tips of scissors, an awl or a stack, by pushing through thin grooves, you can achieve the effect of embossing some details of the picture (for example, sea waves or ripples can be done by scratching the surface with a comb).

To depict leaves or tree crowns, a carved edge is created near the plasticine part. This can be done by cutting the plasticine cake with scissors, a stack or a scalpel, pressing it at an angle to the design line.

Some details of the plasticine picture may have a complex contour. In this case, you need to apply a plasticine cake and remove the excess plasticine with a stack.

If the picture contains elements that are difficult to fashion, then they are repeated with a thin layer of plasticine on paper, cut out with scissors and stuck to the base using thin plasticine rollers.

To get the effect of volume or transparency of some elements of the picture, plasticine is applied in a thin layer and rubbed with your fingers. To achieve the desired effect, the excess layer of plasticine is scraped off with a stack.

How to arrange and store plasticine paintings. Flat plasticine paintings are best placed under glass in a frame, mat, or stored under a transparent film. A picture with a relief image can also be placed in a frame under glass, but along the frame put a gasket corresponding to the convexity of the image. Plasticine paintings should not be deformed, exposed to direct sunlight and heat.

1.3 ABOUTfeaturesdevelopmentpictorialskillsatchildren5-6 years

In kindergarten, the child is introduced to a fairly wide range of social and natural phenomena. This is regarded as a source of "nutrition" of creativity.

Children's observations can help develop combinatorial abilities. It is important that they see that some things can be changed and transformed. Perceiving this, children are already able to seek out the desired changes, to see the artistic qualities of objects. In the process of their observations, children not only "contemplate" the environment, but also inquisitively look for ways to transform it. This is exactly what their educator should direct them to.

These features of children's perception are important for the subsequent successful development of their creativity. They are closely connected with social and national representations. Organizing observations of children, the educator establishes the relationship between the social environment and national traditions, which are expressed in the art and aesthetics of everyday life, in ancient monuments and the way of work. Thus, life in its diversity serves as a source of children's creativity, which, in turn, acquaints us with their plans and ideas.

The identification of abilities in children and their correct development is one of the most important pedagogical tasks. And it should be decided taking into account the age of children, psychophysical development, conditions of education and other factors.

The development of children's abilities for fine arts will only bear fruit when the training is carried out by the teacher systematically and systematically.

The first stage in the development of children's artistic abilities begins from the moment when the child's hands for the first time get pictorial material - paper, pencil, piece of clay, cubes, crayons, etc. In pedagogical literature, this period is called "pre-pictorial", since there is no depiction of the object yet, and there is not even an intention or desire to depict something. This period plays a significant role. The child gets acquainted with the properties of materials, masters the various hand movements necessary to create pictorial forms.

Gradually, the child develops the ability to depict objects, conveying their expressive character. This indicates the further development of abilities.

Children through associations learn to find similarities in the simplest forms and lines with any object. Such associations may occur involuntarily when one of the children notices that his strokes or a shapeless piece of clay resemble a familiar object. They can be caused by different qualities of a pattern, a molded product - color, shape, compositional construction.

Associations help to move to work according to the plan.

One of the ways of such a transition is the repetition of the form that he obtained by chance. Having recognized an object in the drawn lines, the child consciously repeats it again. This speaks of a new, higher stage in the development of visual abilities, as it appeared as a result of the plan.

Sometimes there may not be a complete repetition of the entire image, but the addition of some details to the associated form: arms, legs, eyes - to a person, wheels - to a car, etc. A large role in this process belongs to the educator, who, asking questions, helps the child to realize what has been done, for example: what did you do? What is missing?

With the advent of conscious reproduction of objects, the pictorial period in the development of abilities begins. The activity becomes creative.

In the future, with the accumulation of experience by children, the mastery of visual skills, they can be given a new task - to learn how to depict the features of objects of the same type, conveying the main features.

One of the most difficult tasks for children is the ability to convey spatial relationships through visual means. In modeling and construction, this problem is solved by placing the depicted objects closer or further away in a certain area.

A child of 5-6 years old is able to realize and learn to convey space with more complex techniques that correspond to reality - to depict it as a wide strip of land with the location of objects on it close (below), far (above) and a strip of sky merging on the horizon line with the earth .

Older preschoolers strive for real coloring using a variety of hues.

Thus, we see that the development of visual abilities goes through a number of stages. Questions of their development are closely connected with the problem of children's creativity.

1.4 PlastinografiyaHowmeansdevelopmentpictorialskillsatchildren5-6 years

Children start modeling from a young age, mastering the simplest techniques for working with plasticine: rolling, flattening, stretching. This gives the prerequisites for the creation of complex stucco compositions at the senior preschool age and for the use of various techniques: making decorative moldings of various shapes, pinching, flattening, pulling parts away from the general shape, tight connection of parts by lubricating one part to another. The color of plasticine begins to acquire importance as a means of expressiveness, a means of conveying the features of the depicted objects. Children learn to mix different colors to get a lighter shade, master the technique of “pouring one color into another.

Incomplete mixing of different colors results in a “marbled” color. “Marble” crafts look very impressive: pebbles, vases, planters, sculptures. To obtain such a color, you need to take 2-3 pieces of plasticine and mix them until fancy stains and stains form. At first, children do it spontaneously, by inspiration - what happens. Over time, comes the understanding that marble coloring can be modeled and created according to plan. But it should be advised not to take a lot of original colors. At first it is better to limit yourself to two or three, then you can experiment with 3-5 colors. At the same time, it is necessary to support the desire of children to create harmonious, eye-pleasing color combinations.

Stages of creating paintings

1. Sketch selection. The following options are possible: children are offered a ready-made sketch; the sketch was made by the teacher after discussion with the children; Each child completes the sketch according to his own plan.

2. Transferring the sketch to the base (cardboard, hardboard) by the teacher in the presence of children in their free time.

3. Matching the color of plasticine, mixing plasticine to obtain the required tones.

4. Implementation of the background: the choice of the color of the sky, the earth in accordance with the intent of the picture; the choice of techniques for carrying plasticine smears. The technique of applying strokes is as follows: we tear off a small, pea-sized piece from a piece of plasticine and, applying it to the base, smear it in the right direction. The horizontal direction is chosen when transferring the image of a calm sky, earth, circular - when transferring the image of cumulus clouds, waves, oblique - for the image of the sun's rays. At this stage, plasticine is not applied to the places where the characters and details will be located using the stroke technique (trees, bushes).

5. Creating a picture, we start from the background and gradually move towards the foreground. Artistic images are made in two techniques - the brushstroke technique and the bas-relief technique. The first is used to convey images of trees, bushes, flowers.

Relief molding.

Crafts made in this way are a three-dimensional stucco image on a plane. The method of relief molding can be independent (basic) or auxiliary (additional). Preschool children already notice the features of planar and volumetric types of fine art. They need to be helped to see the combination of volume and plane in the relief image. The relief image cannot be seen from all sides (like a sculpture), since it is always located on some kind of base. And at the same time, it does not coincide spatially with the basis, but goes beyond its limits.

Depending on the degree of mismatch with the plane, the following types of relief are distinguished:

Bas-relief in which the image protrudes by less than half of its volume;

High relief, in which the image protrudes above the plane of the base by more than half of its volume;

Counter-relief, in which the image does not protrude above the base, but, on the contrary, deepens into it.

Relief modeling always begins with the preparation of the base. It can be a molded three-dimensional object (vase, cup, box, tower) for decoration with a relief pattern or a flat clay (plasticine) form for a picture or panel. This form must first be rolled into a cake, and then cut to the desired size. The shape is chosen either neutral in the form of a circle, oval, rectangle, square, rhombus, or according to the theme of the plot in the form of a star, leaf, flower, etc. Details for a picture or pattern are made separately and attached to the base. Relief paintings and panels can be a good gift or room decoration.

Sculpting techniques

Using the “cone” element: we pinch off a small piece from a piece of plasticine and roll it into a cone shape. We apply the finished element to the contour of the crown of a bush, tree; fill in the silhouette from the outer contour to the stem of the plants.

Using the “ball” element: creating images of deciduous trees and bushes: we apply the ball to the base and smear it downwards. (When performing a smear, place the index or thumb on the ball, stepping back slightly from its upper edge, and smear the plasticine; apply the ball to the base and smear it first in the direction to the left, then to the right;

Performing the image of a coniferous tree - spruce (performed in one color and two colors): we start from the lower paws in the direction from the edge of the branch to the trunk. When creating a two-color spruce, first apply the bottom stroke of a dark color. Then, stepping back from the bottom edge, put a smear of light color on it. Double strokes are applied along the contour of the tree, and then randomly - inside the contour.

Using the “roller” element: roll out pieces of plasticine into long, thin rollers. We lay out the first roller along the outer edge of the crown, press lightly to fix it on the base. Then we press it with a finger, stepping back from the outer contour, and smearing it towards the trunk along the entire length of the roller. After the first row, we make the second, and retreating the required distance. We cover the entire crown with such strokes. You can complicate the image of plants due to color, making strokes of different tones of the same color (from dark to light, from pale to saturated, from cold to warm) or different colors (harmonizing or contrasting). The combination of colors depends on the characteristics of the artistic image.

The bas-relief technique is used to create architectural structures, vehicles, people and animals. Sketches of images are made by children on paper, then cut out. Next, we select the plasticine of the desired color and make a plate out of it, to which we apply the drawn template. With the help of the stack, we cut out the whole image or its parts along the contour of the template. We attach the finished figures to the base, starting from the background. We complement the artistic images with decorative patterns in the technique of bas-relief and high relief. We use various materials for decoration: stacks, sticks, rods, matches, knitting needles, etc. At the end of the work, we cover the paintings with two or three layers of colorless wood varnish. After drying, the picture is framed and hung on the wall.

Thus, plasticineography can be a good tool to help the teacher develop visual skills in children of 5-6 years old. We will talk about the real results of pedagogical work in this direction in the second chapter.

2. ABOUTfeaturesstudyplastinographychildren5-6 years

2.1 Ddiagnosticcomplexdevelopmentpictorialskillsatchildren5-6 years

The magical world of plasticine has been familiar to us since childhood. Working with plasticine is not only interesting, but also extremely useful for preschool children at the preparatory stage for schooling. This plastic material provides an excellent opportunity for the development of creativity and imagination, fine motor skills of the fingers, as well as for the child to master the practical skills of making crafts. Plasticine is soft, plastic, has many colors and shades, it can be reused.

A specific feature of modeling is its close connection with the game. The volume of the completed figurine encourages children to play with it.

On the basis of the main general educational program of preschool education "From birth to school" (Edited by N. E. Veraksa, T. S. Komarova, M. A. Vasilyeva.), the criteria and levels for assessing visual skills in children of this age are determined: knows that you can draw with pencils, felt-tip pens, paints and a brush, distinguishes between red, blue, green, yellow, white, black colors, knows how to roll out a lump of clay with straight and circular movements of the hands; break off small lumps from a large lump of clay, flatten them with palms; connect the ends of the rolled stick, pressing them tightly against each other, sculpts simple objects; use clay carefully.

The results of observations and diagnosis of children were carried out in the older group. Observations have shown that many children have insufficiently developed fine motor skills of their hands. Some could not properly hold a spoon and a pencil, others could not collect the designer and small toys in a container, play with the ball, others could not fasten and unfasten zippers and Velcro on clothes, not to mention buttons.

These criteria have been categorized by levels in Table 1.

Table 1. Levels of development of visual skills in children 5-6 years old

Criteria (indicators)	High level	Average level	Low level
Creative activity.	Increased interest, creative activity.	Reb. active, there is interest in this type of activity, but vol. work as directed by the teacher	The child is not active, performs work without much desire.
Novelty, originality.	Subject. novelty, originality and variation. both ways of solving a creative problem, and the result of children's creativity. "individual." emphasis on children's products.	The child correctly performs the task, introducing new ideas by chance, with the prompts of the teacher.	There is no novelty and originality in the work, performs the task according to the model, with errors.
Sensory abilities (sense of color, shape).	The form is correct. A variety of colors, real color, expressiveness of the image is transferred.	There are minor distortions. Color deviations.	The form failed, the distortion is significant. Indifference to color, monochromatic.
Composition.	Throughout the plane of the sheet, proportionality between objects is observed.	On a strip of paper with minor elements.	Not thoughtfully, is random.
General manual skill.	Well developed motor skills of hands, accuracy.	Manual skill is developed.	Poorly developed motor skills.
Independence.	Performs tasks independently without assistance. The child independently chooses a topic, an idea, knows how to plan his actions, choose expressive means, and bring the work he has begun to the end.	Little help needed.	Cannot perform tasks independently, without the help of a teacher, support and stimulation are needed.

First, children were observed in direct educational activities in artistic creativity.

Visually quantitative observational data are presented in Table. 2.

Table 2. Observation results

Analysis of observation showed that 17 (68%) children are at a low level. These children do not know that they can draw with pencils, felt-tip pens, paints and a brush, they do not distinguish between red, blue, green, yellow colors. They do not know how to roll out a lump of plasticine with straight and circular movements of the hands; break off small lumps from a large lump of plasticine, flatten them with your palms; connect the ends of the rolled stick, pressing them tightly against each other. They do not know how to sculpt simple objects; does not use plasticine carefully.

At the average level, 8 (32%) children were identified. These children know that they can draw with pencils, felt-tip pens, paints and a brush; with a prompt from an adult, they distinguish between red, blue, green, yellow, white, black colors. However, they find it difficult to roll out a lump of plasticine with straight and circular movements of the hands; break off small lumps from a large lump of plasticine, flatten them with your palms; connect the ends of the rolled stick, pressing them tightly against each other. They do not know how to sculpt simple objects; does not use plasticine carefully.

There is not a single child at a high level.

Then, the products of children's activity were analyzed. Children's work made in the technique of modeling was evaluated. The criteria proposed by T.S. Komarova:

1. Form submission:

The form is accurately conveyed;

There are minor distortions;

Distortions are significant, the form failed.

2. The structure of the subject:

Parts are located correctly;

Parts of the item are located incorrectly.

4. Transferring the proportion of the subject in the image:

The proportions of the subject are respected;

There are minor distortions;

The proportions of the subject are incorrect.

5. Composition:

Proportionality is observed in the image of different objects;

There are minor distortions;

The proportionality of different objects is conveyed incorrectly.

6. Movement transmission:

The movement is conveyed quite clearly;

The movement is conveyed indefinitely, clumsily;

The image is static.

Clearly, quantitative data from the analysis of the products of children's activities are presented in Table 3.

preschool plasticine picture

Table 3. Results of the analysis of products of children's activities

Thus, as a result of evaluating the products of children's activities, 5 (20%) children with an average level were identified. These children are characterized by: the presence of a slight distortion in the transfer of the shape of the object, the structure of the object, the transfer of the proportions of the object, composition, the movement is conveyed indefinitely, clumsily.

20 (80%) children are at a low level. These children are characterized by: significant distortions, the form failed, parts of the object are located incorrectly, the proportionality of different objects is conveyed incorrectly, the image is static.

Generalized diagnostic results are presented in table 4.

Table 4. Generalized results of diagnosing the levels of development of visual skills in children of this age.

Thus, the results of the ascertaining stage of the experiment set us the task of experimentally testing the effectiveness of the use of plasticineography in the development of artistic creativity in children of this age.

2.2 TOcomplexclasses,developingpictorialskillsatchildren5-6 yearsatuseplastinography

For the development of visual skills in children aged 5-6 years, using plasticineography, a plan-grid of integrated classes was drawn up (see Appendix No. 1).

The implementation of these classes was carried out in accordance with the plan of directly educational activities: 1 lesson per week, the duration of the lesson is 20 minutes.

The construction and conduct of directly integrated educational activities was carried out according to the following algorithm:

The area of knowledge was determined, the integration of which will contribute to the creation in the child of a holistic view of the object of study;

From these areas, content was analyzed and selected, the integration of which is most important;

The program requirements and age characteristics of preschool children were taken into account;

One or several basic directions for the integration of the content of education were determined;

The main principle of building a system of integrated classes (for example, thematic) was identified and the tasks and content of the classes were distributed in accordance with it;

Developing tasks were thought out;

A variety of activities were used that had the ability to integrate with each other (for example, dramatization of a fairy tale with construction from building material, musical accompaniment and the introduction of nominative and conceptual vocabulary into the active speech of children);

Taking into account the peculiarities of the formation of different types of thinking of preschoolers, a large amount of various visual and attribute material (demonstration, handout, game) was used;

Methods and techniques of a productive nature were used in working with children (problem situations, logical tasks, experimentation, modeling, etc.);

A student-centered approach was taken into account in the process of building, organizing and conducting integrated classes.

o When planning and organizing integrated classes, it is important to consider the following conditions:

Mandatory accounting of the content of the basic kindergarten program;

In an integrated lesson, blocks from various subjects are combined, so it is extremely important to correctly determine the main goal of an integrated lesson. If the overall goal is defined, then only the information that is necessary for its implementation is taken from the content of the subjects;

When developing a lesson, it is necessary to highlight the main thing and use knowledge from adjacent sections that contribute to the assimilation of the main material, eliminate duplication, use advanced differentiated knowledge;

When planning, a careful choice of the type and structure of the lesson, methods and means of teaching is required, as well as the determination of the optimal load by various types of activities for children in the lesson;

Integration helps relieve stress, overload, fatigue of children by switching them to a variety of activities during the lesson. When planning, a careful determination of the optimal load by various types of activities of pupils in the classroom is required;

When planning and conducting an integrated lesson, teachers require careful coordination of actions;

It is necessary to maintain a positive-emotional style of relations between adults and children in an integrated lesson, take into account the age, individual and psychological characteristics of the children of the group;

In integrated classes, it is advisable to use a variety of didactic games, developmental exercises, complex tasks, assignments, etc.

One of the important principles of planning an integrated lesson is to determine the ratio of familiar and new material. The latter must necessarily be based on existing and well-learned knowledge, which contributes to the rapid construction of associations, involving the child in solving a problem situation from his own experience. Great importance in integrated classes is given to the development of a child's communication skills as one of the most important factors in his readiness for school.

Integrated classes are the most important part of the system of interdisciplinary connections. Each of these classes is taught by two or more teachers. The material of such classes shows the unity of the processes taking place in the surrounding world, allows students to see the interdependence of various sciences. Therefore, the main and initial activity of the preschool educational institution in the implementation of the cultural approach to the integration of education is the integration and coordination of the activities of the preschool educational institution specialists (music director, additional education teachers, physical education instructor), the latter can initially be based only on the relationship of the content of education through integrated classes and integrated events ( holidays, leisure).

The essence of the integration of teachers in teaching children lies in its interdisciplinary and interactivity basis in the implementation of program material. In the content of each section of the program and education as a whole, there are three interrelated blocks: knowledge, emotions and cognitive motives that contribute to the integration of knowledge, a new synthesis of information received by the child, thereby forming in him not disparate knowledge about the world, but his holistic picture.

In the process of practicing plasticineography, playing out the plot and performing practical actions with plasticine, there is a continuous conversation with children (adult conversation with children, as well as poems, nursery rhymes, riddles).

Goals and objectives of acquaintance with plastic material - plasticine

Teaching various methods of action with plastic materials: kneading, pinching, flattening;

Formation of interest in working with plastic materials;

The development of fine motor skills.

Preparation for work

Before starting a lesson on acquaintance with plastic materials, it is necessary to prepare a workplace. When working with plasticine, oilcloth should be laid on the tables, and children should wear special oilcloth aprons and oversleeves or dressing gowns with elasticated sleeves. Wet rags will also come in handy so that the kids can wipe their hands.

In classes with children of this age, simple plots are used that are close and understandable to the experience of children.

Organization of classes

Classes are important to conduct in a small group. The teacher sits at the same table with the children in order to be able to help each child. At first, the duration of the classes was about 10-15 minutes, gradually the time of their conduct increased. At the heart of each lesson is learning one of the methods of working with plasticine. To consolidate the skills of children, the same story is repeated several times in different classes. Classes were held in the form of a game and were accompanied by the teacher's comments.

The topics of the classes are closely intertwined with the lives of children, with the activities that they carry out at other educational events (to get acquainted with the outside world and nature, develop speech, etc.)

Summary of a landscape lesson in mixed media "Winter Fantasy" for children 5-6 years old.

Theme: landscape in mixed media "Winter fantasy".

Educational area: cognitive development, communicative development, artistic and aesthetic.

Goal: creating a winter landscape from improvised materials.

Tutorials:

Continue to introduce children to the landscape genre, its variety and performance features in different techniques and materials;

To teach how to combine different materials in one work, to supplement one material with another to achieve greater expressiveness of the image, the plot.

Developing:

To develop creative abilities, independence in the choice of materials and techniques for performing work, accuracy.

Educational:

Cultivate love for the beauty of the native landscape.

Type of activity: game, cognitive, communicative, motor

Materials and tools:

Sheet of A3 paper (for watercolor);

Simple pencil, eraser, brush;

Plasticine;

Modeling board, stack;

Colour pencils;

Wax crayons;

Rag for hands.

Lesson progress:

Org.moment:

Sunshine, hello, hello!

The day is so beautiful.

Well under the sun we grow

We are getting healthier every day.

Update

Wide, free,

Native lands...

white birch,

My favorite

It stands like a candle, white,

She looks around:

Ripe rye nods to her,

The meadow bows to her.

Have you ever left the city with your parents for nature?

Or maybe walking in the park?

What did you like about these walks?

Today we will try to depict a small part of the nature that we saw.

Practical part.

We begin work on the landscape with a pencil sketch - lines of tree trunks, and arcuate lines of snowdrifts.

Next, work with plasticine, we will draw the background of the landscape with it. We rub the blue plasticine over the surface of the sheet (we draw it like wax crayons). We paint over the sky and the upper part of the snowdrifts, do not touch the tree trunks - these are birch trees. Then, in the same way, but only the snowdrifts are drawn with purple plasticine.

Now we draw birch trunks with black plasticine (we draw with an edge).

Let's make tree trunks clearer. To do this, roll up long thin sausages (with fingers) on the board and place them on the lines of the trunks, and draw the branches with the same sausages.

We will make snowdrifts in the same technique, but in purple. First, we roll up the sausages, place them on the lines of the snowdrifts, and create a relief pattern with the wooden tip of the brush.

So we do with all the snowdrifts.

Now let's move on to colored pencils. Use a purple pencil to enhance the color of the sky on the horizon.

With green and black wax crayons, we draw triangles of trees in the background on the horizon.

With a red and yellow pencil, we draw the radiance of a frosty evening in the sky.

With black wax crayon we draw branches of birches and lines on the trunks.

Next to the birch below, draw a Christmas tree with green wax crayon. We remove the plasticine line of the snowdrift in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Christmas tree with a stack.

We will make snow on the Christmas tree with blue and white plasticine mixed together.

With a simple pencil, we enhance the background in the area of \u200b\u200bthe branches - light hatching, and our "Winter Fantasy" is completed (see Appendix No. 2).

Final part.

Plasticineography - this can be said to be drawing with plasticine. You and I can say that we drew. Only for drawing they chose not paints, but plasticine. And look how beautiful it turned out! The birches turned out to be different from each other, diverse.

The teacher draws the attention of children to the positive qualities of each work, encouraging the independent manifestations of each child.

Let's arrange an exhibition of our works for guests and parents in the group? (yes) And you explain to everyone that you drew with plasticine, and this type of drawing is called ...

Topic: "Outfit for a doll!"

...

Plasticine diagnostics. Synopsis of GCD plasticineography "Maple leaf" senior group. What is plasticineography

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