The fabric is beautiful dense elegant name. Stretch fabrics - universal beauty

Types of fabrics. From A to Z. Part 1

Textile- a textile fabric made on a loom by interlacing mutually perpendicular systems of threads. The system of threads running along the fabric is called the warp, and the system of threads located across the fabric is called the weft. Corresponding threads are called warp and weft. The interlacing of threads in a fabric is one of the main indicators of the structure of a fabric.

Fabrics differ from knitted fabrics produced by knitting, that is, the formation of interconnected loop rows, non-woven materials (which also include felt-felt and canvas-stitched materials).
In this figure, the warp threads are shown at number 1 and in red. Under the number 2 in blue - ducks.

For the manufacture of any fabric, some kind of raw material is needed. Depending on its origin, all tissues can be divided into three main groups:
1. Natural fabrics (linen, cotton, silk, wool) - they are made from natural raw materials of animal or vegetable origin.
2. Artificial (acetate, viscose, lurex fabrics) - obtained from natural materials of organic (protein, cellulose) and inorganic origin (glass, metal).
3. Synthetic fabrics (polyvinyl, polyester, polyamide fabrics) - are created from artificially obtained polymer threads.

But the final characteristics and the final appearance of a particular fabric depends not only on what raw materials were used in its manufacture. In many ways, the special properties of the fabric determines the type of weaving.

[A]
Openwork- This is a kind of fabric with a through ornament. It can be made from various types of yarn (silk, cotton, wool), by hand or on a loom. The most popular openwork was in the first half of the 19th century.

Today openwork is very actively used in the manufacture of wedding dresses.

It can also be some small details of clothing.

And in general, today openwork fabrics have not lost their relevance. They can be very often found as decoration.

Acrylic- synthetic fiber, often mixed with other fibers to make the fabric warmer.
Aksamit- gold or silver fabric with herbs and stains, dense and fleecy, like velvet. To withstand the weight of gold (or silver) threads, the fabric was formed from six threads - two warp threads and four weft threads. The pattern on the fabric was made using twisted gold thread.

Alpaca- this type of fabric is made from the wool of the animals of the same name living in Peru and Bolivia. Their wool is very valuable, and the alpacas themselves are insanely cute animals.

The fabric made from this wool is very light, soft and thin, and has a slight natural sheen.

From 100% alpaca or from a mixture of it with other types of wool or synthetic fibers, warm clothes, outerwear, wool are made, from which beautiful pottery is obtained.

They also make wonderful soft blankets.

Altabas- dense silk fabric with ornaments or a background of gold or silver thread, a kind of brocade. Altabas was valued very highly and was used for the needs of the royal court, the church.

Angora (angora wool)- this fabric is made from the wool of angora rabbits and goats, which are carefully bred on farms in Europe, Japan and other countries.

This coat is very very soft, delicate and silky. Often it is used in the manufacture of children's clothing, as well as various knitted products. Its natural color is white, although it is often dyed.

Atlas- fabric with a very shiny surface of a special type of weave. The fabric is smooth, like a lining, sometimes satin is also used for lining, satin mentenon - flowers are woven on a dark or light background, as if embroidered; trianon - background and pattern in a contrasting color, pattern on the fabric - leaves with bouquets of carnations, pompadour - satin of dark shades with woven garlands of golden color.

Acetate- chemically obtained fiber, can be added to other materials to obtain silkiness. This is a great support fabric. May dissolve in acetone. This property of the fabric is used for finishing products.
Acetate silk- silk from artificial fiber, first obtained in the USA by chemists Celanese Corp. of America in 1925.

[B]
bike- soft woolen or paper fabric with a long nap. Initially, the woolen bike was dyed chestnut, later they began to make it in a wide variety of colors and even in a cage. Since the second half of the 19th century, mainly cotton baize of different grades and colors has been made.

Baratea- originally woolen fabric with an admixture of silk or cotton. Very smooth, often ribbed.
barege- fabric in the technique of gas weaving from silk, wool, cotton. Named after the town of Barege in France. It was very popular in Russia in the first half of the 19th century. The fabric is very impractical to wear. It fell into disuse in the 20th century.

Velvet(velor is the French name for velvet) is thin and shiny (for example, panne velvet), matte, thick or plush. In any case, pile standing in a certain direction is typical for him. There are also textured or patterned velvets in cotton or rayon. Ribbed velvet is a ribbed fabric. Boiled velvet is a short pile soft ribbed velvet that can be washed and ironed. Woolen velor fabrics on both sides have a rough pile surface. In the 17th century, velvet began to be produced in Moscow. They already knew paper velvet - velvet (later it was called plush).

Its main distinguishing feature is the pile. It can be of different lengths, matte or shiny, but it is always smooth. Velvet is made from cotton, silk and synthetic fibers.

Today, velvet is often used not for making clothes, but for finishing various products, such as caskets, cases, etc.

Velvet clothing is difficult to care for, but nevertheless, fashion designers sometimes use velvet to create their collections, both for women and men.

Batiste- soft, thin cotton fabric with a plain weave of threads. Batiste is made from natural and artificial fibers. Batiste is linen and cotton. Linen is higher quality, from long even fibers.

This fabric first appeared in Cambrai, where it was created by the Flemish weaver Baptiste. The fabric is truly amazing. It is at the same time very light, even a little transparent, and at the same time quite dense, delicate to the touch.

A lot of different items of clothing are sewn from batiste, and light dresses, and blouses, and children's clothes, as well as handkerchiefs and underwear.

Belset- microfiber fabric with a fluffy and soft peach-skin-like surface. Imitation velor leather.
Bologna- kapron raincoat fabric with one-sided waterproof coating. The fabric is named after the Italian city of Bologna, where this fabric was first made.

Boston- dense pure wool fabric of twill weave, in two or more threads. It is named after the breed of Boston sheep bred in England. Usually boston is a fabric of dark, thick tones - blue, black, sometimes brown, with double-sided dressing. It was relevant until the end of the 60s of the XX century.

Tarpaulin- coarse, dense, linen or cotton fabric, impregnated with a waterproof and anti-rotten composition. It is applied to overalls, covers.
Brocat- a type of silk fabric, as a rule, heavy and dense, the distinguishing feature of which is a pattern - embroidered or woven with gold or silver threads. Sometimes colored threads are added.

Brocatel- light and elegant silk fabric with small gold or silver bouquets, sometimes tinted with colored threads. The fabric was fashionable at the end of the 17th century; a summer dress was sewn from it.

Boucle- woolen fabric with a knotted surface and irregularly spaced eyelets. The yarn of a shaped jacket is introduced into the woolen fabric of a simple weave, which causes loops and knots to form on its surface. Coats and suits are sewn from a thick boucle, a thin one goes on a dress.

Bumazeya- soft paper fabric of twill, less often plain weave with combed pile on the wrong side. The original name of the fabric is paper. From this fabric sew underwear, children's things. Unlike the bike, it was produced painted, with ornaments.

Bufmuslin- cotton fabric, very thin, almost transparent, a kind of muslin. This fabric was especially valued in the 17th - early 19th centuries. Later, only young girls wore dresses made of this fabric, and ladies used boufmueline for home clothes.

Coarse calico- paper durable, rather coarse fabric, a kind of thick calico. Wide calico is called "canvas". It is mainly used for the manufacture of bed linen. Coarse calico was used for lining caftans, fly (shawls). There were two varieties: simple - shilya; the best, thinner, with subsequent bleaching - khanagai.

[IN]
Batting- knitted fabric with one-sided and two-sided fleece, worked out using soft thick threads; a layer of fibers interconnected in a certain way, for example, knitted-stitched. Used for warming clothes.

Velveteen- a fabric created on the basis of cotton and viscose silk. A typical development is with a rib with different pile heights on the front side. Velvet is very durable.

The fabric has many different names. For example, Manchester corduroy, wide-ribbed corduroy, narrow-ribbed corduroy, velvety corduroy, cotton corduroy, ornamental corduroy, stretch corduroy. Velveteen cord has wide scars (about 5 mm) and a high pile. Corduroy rib with narrow ribs (2-3 mm) and low pile. Velveteen shaped has a pattern consisting of combinations of a smooth and tufted surface.

Velveton (or monkey skin) is a strong, dense, windproof cotton fabric, which is usually used for sportswear. It has a velvety surface, with a combed, smoothed pile on the front side. Reminds me of suede.
Being a kind of velvet, velveteen entered the everyday life of Russians from the second half of the 19th century under a borrowed name.

Velours- the general name for materials whose surface is fleecy and somewhat reminiscent of velvet. This includes not only fabrics (cotton, wool, rayon), but also felt, leather. In some countries, velor is called velvet and corduroy.

Velor is a fabric with a velvety surface formed by a soft pile. There are several varieties. Velor velvet - soft velvet with pile of viscose silk on a canvas of crepe fabric of natural silk. Drap-velor is a pure wool fine-knit fabric with a thick, short-cut, combed pile on the front side.

Camel's wool- undercoat or down of a one-humped camel. Camel hair is often processed without dyeing and used to make coat fabrics. Undyed wool has a light brown color.

Vigogne- soft material or yarn from the wool of animals of the llama genus, common in some countries of Latin America. The wool of this type of llama is very difficult to obtain (the animal only needs to be combed out, not cut). Therefore, vigonya is usually called a fabric made from cotton waste mixed with wool. The resemblance of vigoni to vicuña (a type of llama) wool fabric is only external: the color is brown or brown, the front surface is slightly fluffy due to the inclusion of woolen threads. But, unlike high-quality wool fibers, it is not wearable. In the 20th century, fabric is rare, and vigon yarn is widespread.

Viscose- artificial fiber from cellulose, as well as fabric based on it. Often viscose is included in blended fabrics, for example with linen or silk. On the basis of viscose with the addition of natural fibers, different types of fabrics were obtained, for example, staple. Viscose in its pure form has many disadvantages: shrinks when wetted, loses strength.

Vichy- The name of this checkered fabric comes from the French city of Vichy, where it was created in 1850. Previously, the pattern in a small cell was made only in red or blue with white. Now other colors are combined with white. Most often, this pattern is found on cotton fabrics. Once upon a time, the fabric was used for bed linen and clothing for rural residents. Now men's shirts, dresses in folklore style, as well as curtains, tablecloths and napkins are sewn from it.

Veil- a transparent fabric of plain weave, most often made of cotton.

[G]
Gaba- very dense white cloth, used for the manufacture of outerwear. Differed in high water-repellent properties.

Gabardine- a very densely woven fabric with a special interweaving of cotton and wool or artificial fibre. Due to its durability, gabardine is often used for women's and men's suits and coats. Modern gabardines are made with a special water-repellent impregnation. The color of the fabric is mostly gray, rarely blue. On the front surface of the gabardine, you can see pronounced diagonal scars.

Gabardine is very dense, but at the same time quite light. It has important properties in its own way - good wear resistance and some water resistance. For its qualities, gabardine is often used in the manufacture of women's and men's suits, outerwear, tight women's dresses.

In the photo above, white men's trousers from Marc Jacobs.
And gabardine is often used in tailoring professional clothing.

Gas- light, thin, transparent silk or cotton fabric of a special gas weave, in which the weft and warp threads retain space. The method of weaving determined the grade of gas. It could be satin, twill or linen.

The gas can be of cotton and silk origin. Due to the thinness, the gas can be used independently in a multi-layered form, for example for such a skirt.

Today, gas is often used in tailoring wedding dresses.

Worsted- a kind of woolen fabric, named after the city of Arras in Flanders, where it was originally produced.

Guipure- lace fabric, made up of fragments sewn with a needle or woven on bobbins, which are interconnected by thin ligaments. In general, it is similar to lace, because it is also a kind of lace. Previously, guipure was made on bobbins, now a machine method is used to make it.

Guipure is made from very thin threads (thinner than in openwork), which can be silk, cotton, with the addition of synthetic fibers or lurex. Guipure is difficult to use on its own and as the main fabric in clothing, although this does not stop some designers.

Just like openwork, guipure is often used in wedding fashion, but mainly for the manufacture of accessories - veils, gloves.

Glazet- from the French word - "glossy". Brocade with a colored silk base and gold and silver patterns woven on it. For example, elegant camisoles (XVIII-XIX centuries) were sewn from the eyelet.
Glencheck- woolen or blended fabric with a special pattern (a cage consisting of a main square and a square on top of it).

Tapestry- artistic and decorative fabric, manufactured by machine. The fabric is named after the French royal manufactory, established in 1662 in Paris on the Rue de la Gobelins - craftsmen, yarn dyers. Then they produced the tapestry by hand. Currently, the fabric is used for furniture upholstery, for curtains, as well as for jackets and bags. Dresses, ties and scarves are sewn from thinner tapestry. The material is not bright, the fibers are dyed with natural dyes.

Grisette- in the old days, light cheap fabric, gray dress. The material is silk or woolen one-color with a woven pattern. At first it was only gray, but in the 19th century it was also made in red, green, and blue.

Gridelin- fabric of gray color with small stripes, more often in black, sometimes in white. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the name referred only to woolen fabrics. Business trousers were sewn from gridelin. Now the name of the fabric has disappeared from use, although similar materials continue to be produced.
Gro- in the old days the name of silk, the most dense fabrics: gro-gro, grodenapl, grodetur.

[D]
Lady- dense one-color fabric with a woven pattern from any raw material. The term goes back to the Syrian city of Damascus, where they began to produce this type of fabric. Usually all fabrics of the lady type were double-sided, they could be used both on one side and on the other.

Damascus- silk, woolen or cotton fabric of plain or crepe weave, sometimes in combination with satin. Cotton Damascus is used for the manufacture of lingerie, for decorative purposes, silk - mainly for decorating products.
damask- a brocade-like fabric with a satin background and golden flowers.

Damascus- translated from French - "patterned". Plastic, usually silk fabric, on the shiny surface of which there is a matte pattern. Damascene, like other jacquard fabrics, has traditionally been used for lining, upholstery, but has recently been increasingly used to make elegant blouses and dresses.

Damask- white cotton fabric with a shiny floral pattern on a matte background. Usually used for making tablecloths, bed linen, etc.

Devore- mysterious fabric! The only thing I can tell about it is that in its manufacture, chemical etching (burning out) of a part of the fabric fibers is used, due to which patterns appear on it. I have not been able to find a description of the essence of this process.

Devore fabric is quite thin, transparent, and it is often used when sewing curtains.

And sometimes the devoré technique is used on other types of fabric. For example, in the photo below, a young man is wearing a batiste devoré shirt.

Denim- very strong, dense cotton fabric for jeans. Known since the end of the last century, then its name arose, which in French means "from Nimes". Nimes is the city in France where this workwear fabric was created.

Initially, denim was intended as clothing for workers. After all, denim is distinguished by high density, strength, good wear resistance.

Today, denim can have a variety of characteristics, be dense or thin, plain or patterned. And they use it to make all kinds of clothes for people of both sexes of all ages.

Jersey- the name of a group of dress fabrics made of viscous thin woolen knitwear, as well as knitted woolen or silk fabric and products from it. The fabric was not in demand. She was considered tough, unaesthetic, the beige color in which she was painted was called poor.

It is soft, smooth, well-stretched, wrinkled a little, does not require complex care, and falls beautifully when draped.

Jersey fabric gained popularity thanks to the courage of Coco Chanel. When this fabric first appeared on the island of Jersey (Channel Islands), Chanel was not afraid to take a chance and buy the fabric from its inventor. Back then, jersey was not very popular. But after Chanel sewed the first coat out of it, and then a shirt dress, everyone started talking about jersey.

Currently, women's dresses, skirts, jackets, cardigans and other wardrobe items are sewn from jersey fabric.

Gingham- two-ton paper fabric in a strip or a cage. Used for tailoring and needlework.
Diagonal- woolen or cotton fabric of twill weave with a characteristic woven pattern - oblique convex scars. In the 20th century, dark blue or khaki fabric was used mainly for sewing uniforms.

Dradedam- a very light cloth of plain weave, usually light, sometimes with a striped ornament. In the 19th century, it was in demand among the urban poor - clothes and scarves were sewn from fabric. In the 20th century, the fabric fell into disuse.

Drap- a very thick and soft woolen or wool blend fabric with a fleecy back and a smooth front surface. Drap is both dense and soft, quite warm and durable. On its front surface there is a so-called felt-like covering, thanks to which the weave of the warp and weft fibers is not visible on the fabric, but the surface of the fabric remains quite smooth. Drap can also be double-faced, then both sides hide the weave.

From the drape, women's and men's coats are most often sewn, which do not have complex details, as well as suits, or separately skirts, trousers, jackets and jackets.

Duvetin- satin weave fabric made of cotton or viscose with thicker weft threads. After dyeing, the fabric is combed, and it becomes rough. Duvetin is also called fake velvet.
Duchess- a noble, very shiny, smooth fabric made of silk or artificial fibers, which is used for evening dresses or as a lining for high-quality women's clothing.
[Yo]
Herringbone, herringbone fabric - the pattern on the fabric resembles Christmas trees. Interlacing of fibers - along the scar and diagonally.

[AND]
Jacquard- a fabric named after the French inventor J. M. Jacquard. Around 1800, he created a machine for producing coarsely patterned fabrics by separately controlling each warp thread. The resulting patterns were named after him.

Georgette and crepe georgette- a fabric made of strongly twisted crepe-twisted threads has an uneven, finely structured surface. The fabric is soft, flowing, similar to chiffon, to the touch - sandy.

[B]
Suede- soft leather, tanned and impregnated with fats from the skins of calves, goats and deer. Has a velvety look. How fabric is used to make outerwear.

Distinguish between artificial suede, lederin (artificial leather) and leather. Products made from these materials do not require careful finishing, allowances are not processed. The volume is reduced due to allowances: 3 mm is left on one, 6 mm on the other. When cutting, use weights, it is better not to use pins - they leave marks on the fabric. If the presser foot sticks to the skin, change to a Teflon foot.

Zephyr- thin delicate cotton fabric from bleached twisted yarn in the form of small cells, as well as woolen fabric from the best breeds of sheep's wool. It seems soft and flowy. Shirts and blouses are sewn from fabric.

[TO]
Kalamkar- hand-printed chintz.
Worsted fabrics- thin woolen fabrics made from combed yarn, with a smooth fluffy surface, not very durable.

Damask- bilateral patterned silk thin fabric. The combination of satin and plain weave created a special optical effect. In the 16th-17th centuries fur coats, caftans, padded jackets, hats, sleeves, sashes, trousers, stockings, pillowcases, blankets were sewn from damask. From the 18th century, damask began to be called damask. In the 19th century, the name of the fabric fell into disuse.

Camlet- dense woolen or semi-woolen fabric, usually dark in color. Known in Russia since the 18th century, camel hair served as raw material for it. Only wealthy people could afford camlot clothes. Today, camlot is forgotten, although similar camel wool fabrics continue to be produced.

Kamchatka- patterned linen fabric for table linen, towels.
canifas- dense cotton fabric with a relief woven pattern in the form of stripes.
Kapron- synthetic fiber, used for the production of fabrics, knitwear. Differs in high wear resistance, elasticity, indelibility.

Astrakhan- skins of a lamb at the age of 1-3 days of the Karakul breed, valuable fur, is distinguished by a very elastic, dense, silky, shiny hairline, forming curls of various shapes.
Karakulcha - skins of premature lambs (fetal development 4.5-5.5 months) of the Karakul breed of sheep. Valuable fur, characterized by a low, shiny, silky hairline with a more or less pronounced moiré pattern.

Kashgora- a noble fabric made from the wool of the Kashgori goat, bred in New Zealand. The fabric has the sheen and lightness of cashmere and is very durable.

Cashmere- a thin, light woolen or wool blend fabric with a diagonal rib on the surface, which appears due to the diagonal weave. School uniform dresses and aprons are sewn from dark cashmere. Printed cashmere is used for scarves, shawls, dresses. Cashmere coats are very popular.

Real cashmere is made from the wool of tiny Himalayan goat lambs (it is also called cashmere).

Cashmere is quite soft and light fabric.

Not only coats are sewn from cashmere, but also dresses, blouses, cardigans and other women's and men's clothing.

Kisei- a thin rare fabric, currently cotton Kisei was produced in color, embroidered with silk or other colored threads.

Cloquet- a two-layer fabric with a bubble surface, woven on two bases, which are located one above the other. It is made from wool, cotton or artificial fibres. The underside of the fabric is smooth, stretched, and the top has a convex, bubble pattern. Jackets and dresses are made from it. Cotton fabrics are also produced with the cloque effect - they are subjected to special processing in order to achieve the effect of tightness, roughness. Cloquet cannot be ironed.

Covercoat- dense fabric of twill weave with characteristic small dots on a dark background, very similar to gabardine. Woolen, semi-woolen, staple and paper carpets are produced. Fabric appeared in Russia at the end of the 19th century. In the middle of the 20th century, the fabric was considered prestigious; respectable Soviet employees wore clothes from it in combination with a velor hat.

Leather- dressed animal skin. Already in ancient Greece, shoes were made of leather. In the 8th century BC, gloves were made from it. In the 18th century, both shoes and hats and pants were made from leather. Later it was used even more widely. The first motorists and aviators were dressed in leather from head to toe. In 1965, Pierre Cardin widely used this material for his products.

goat- the skin of kids up to 1 month old, as well as baby goats of various breeds of goats. The fur skin has a thin hair, soft, glossy, rather low, with a moire pattern or smooth.

Calico- cheap paper fabric such as thick calico, white or one-color. Calico was very widespread in the 18th-19th centuries. At the end of the 20th century it was used as linen fabric.
Crackle(translated from French - cracked). The surface of this fabric resembles crepe and has a bubble structure. It is a fabric made of cotton or artificial fibers, so it is well suited for blouses and dresses.

Krashenina- rough painted canvas. In the 19th century, peasant shirts were sewn from krashenina.
Crepes- the name of a very large group of fabrics that are made from different fibers, but they all have a finely rough surface. The crepe effect is achieved, firstly, due to the very strong twist of the fibers; and secondly, the irregular crossing of threads. The family of crepes includes: crepe georgette, crepe de chine, crepe satin, crepe maroquin.

They are widely used in general purpose clothing. It is easy to sew clothes from this fabric, because. it is moderately elastic, has a clear edge line, which is convenient for cutting. The fabric is also used as reinforcing pieces. It is more shiny and transparent than crepe de chine.

For example, georgette crepe is often used in women's dresses.

Crepe de chine- a delicate silk fabric that acquires its typical matte look when using a special type of weave. Georgette crepe is usually a very thin and transparent silk fabric that has common features with chiffon and crepe de chine. But crepe georgette is denser and grainy to the touch. Woolen fabric obtained by this type of weaving is also called georgette. Crepe Chinese - silk, stuffed crepe. Crepon - woolen crepe. Crepe morokhen - silk, dense and soft, plain or patterned crepe. Rachel crepe - golden crepe. Crepe satin - silk crepe, soft, usually plain, characterized by a combination of a rough surface on one side and a smooth, shiny surface on the other.

Distinctive features of crepe de chine are a matte and slightly shiny surface and fine graininess on the front surface.

Crepe de chine is used for sewing mainly women's clothing: blouses, dresses, as well as for scarves and shawls.

Crepe de chine was quite popular in the 60s, so you can find a lot of vintage crepe de chine dresses.

And this kind of silk is often used for painting on fabric using the batik technique.

Cretonne- plain weave cotton fabric (the weft thread is somewhat thinner than the warp thread). Made of pre-dyed yarn, with a textile pattern in the form of checks or stripes. In the 19th century, it was used very widely for the clothes of less wealthy people, as well as for furniture upholstery.

Krinkle, crash- crinkled fabrics. The folds are often wrinkled in the lobar direction and more or less pronounced.

Crimplen- one of the synthetic fabrics. Volumetric, plastic, soft. Doesn't wrinkle, easy to wash. At first it enjoyed incredible popularity, but in recent years it has given way to all kinds of mixed fabrics, which are more reminiscent of natural fabrics.

Lace- a strip or piece of textile obtained by sewing, knitting or weaving. Lace appeared in Europe at the turn of the 15th-16th centuries. The first lace was sewn with a needle, it was called "stitch in the air". In Russia, the first lace was made of metal, made of gold and silver threads - they trimmed the clothes of the nobility. In 1837, a machine for making lace was invented. They became cheaper and went to the finishing of women's underwear.
Lace fabric - a transparent openwork fabric with a pattern formed by combining compacted and discharged places with holes, which are obtained by estimating the interlacing of threads.

Kumach- paper fabric, usually bright red (from the Arabic "kumash"). In the old days, there was blue and other colors of kumach.

Instruction

First of all, decide on the choice of style. The more complex the cut of the selected model, the softer and thinner the selected textile. If a large number of assemblies, draperies or flounces are envisaged, chiffon, acetate or natural silk, fine taffeta and crepe are ideal choices.

If there is a need to hide excess fat at the waist and at the same time emphasize the figure, the best choice for tailoring dresses will become a dense taffeta. It perfectly holds its shape and drapes well with hard folds.

A dress made of natural silk will become an adornment of your wardrobe. Silk is called the king of fabrics for a reason. It is lightweight, breathable and very durable. A dress made of natural silk can have an arbitrarily complex structure, the seams and folds will be perfect. But keep in mind that, like all natural fibers, silk is very easy to wrinkle. Therefore, in such a dress, you should not come to an event where you will often have to get up and sit down: the skirt will very quickly take on a “chewed” look.

Natural silk and satin have a very slippery surface, keep this in mind when choosing a model. Otherwise, you will have to constantly adjust the sliding straps or hangers.

If your figure is not perfect, do not choose for dresses fabrics with a shiny surface, this visually adds volume. Satin, silk, moire taffeta, satin are more suitable for slim ones.

Do not choose acetate satin for a tight bodice. It stretches and loses its shape very quickly, especially at the seams. In general, a satin dress should look as if the seamstress's hand did not touch it. It's perfect textile for free flowing models with light draperies.

A fabric with a complex structure, embroidery, sequins is suitable for very simple models. In addition, such fabrics are not suitable for public events, because few people can appreciate the sophistication of the pattern or decoration up close. If you plan to appear in front of a large audience, choose to dresses crepe, matt taffeta or wet silk.

Brocade woven with gold or silver thread is ideal textile for the evening dresses, which you will wear in the cool season for a date or a romantic dinner. It is quite dense and will keep its shape perfectly throughout the event. Due to the high content of metallized fibers, expensive brocade practically does not wrinkle.

Please note that the larger the pattern on the fabric, the more it distorts the proportions of the figure. A fabric with a large pattern is categorically not suitable for miniature ones. In addition, a large pattern does not look good on models with a complex cut of the bodice.

the only textile, which easily tolerates washing in, is an artificial crepe. Therefore, if you plan to wear a dress often, choose it. Otherwise, you will have to spend a small fortune on dry cleaning.

Description of fabrics. Their main types and characteristics

The highest quality man-made fiber, dimensionally stable, resistant to heat retention, often used instead of wool or in combination with it, to improve some of the characteristics of the product. Acrylic is also called "artificial wool", which in its own qualities is similar to natural wool, it has many exceptionally rare properties. Acrylic fibers are perfectly dyed, as a result of which it is possible to make yarn of bright, highly saturated, intense colors. Acrylic canvas has many advantages - hypoallergenic, pleasant to the touch, color fastness. Things are pleasant and comfortable to wear in everyday life, they are comfortable and warm. When leaving, this material is not whimsical, but some recommendations should be followed: wash products at a temperature not exceeding 30C, things cannot be squeezed out by twisting, they must be laid out on a flat surface until completely dry. Ironing should be done at the lowest temperature.

Alex- a fabric with good elasticity, which is a representative of the "knitted family". Due to the fact that the fabric is made by knitting (the loops are tightly intertwined with each other), Alex keeps its shape perfectly and practically does not wrinkle. Most often, the composition of the fabric includes cotton, viscose fibers and about 30% polyester. Business dresses, trouser suits, as well as classic skirts are sewn from this material.

Angora- Angora goat wool fabric, delicate to the touch, with a distinctive soft and delicate pile. The fabric is of light and medium-heavy types, one-colored or melange. The use of angora is widespread. Women's dresses, all kinds of suits, lightweight coats, etc. are sewn from it.

Smooth and dense fabric with a glossy face. Satin is highly wear-resistant, drapes well, and with proper care retains its shape. A fabric made from silk threads is susceptible to high temperatures, but a material with the addition of synthetic fibers is more resistant and durable. Evening, cocktail dresses, long skirts, blouses are sewn from satin. Fabric composition may vary. The most expensive products are made from 100% silk. More affordable fabrics will contain cotton and viscose fibers. The cheapest satin is made from 100% polyester.

Velvet- noble fabric with resistant pile. It is made from silk, woolen, cotton threads. Also, viscose can be added to the structure of the material, due to which the velvet becomes more durable and stretches well. The fabric is distinguished by its texture - soft pile, up to 5 mm long, gives a pleasant tactile sensation. The features of velvet are an iridescent surface and color saturation, and the disadvantages include difficulty in care, since such things can only be washed by hand, and stubborn stains are quite difficult to remove.

Airy, lightweight fabric, which, although it seems very delicate, has high strength and the ability to keep its shape. The most expensive cambric is the one that is made by hand from linen and cotton threads by twisting. But modern industry allows everyone to wear products from this fabric - in addition to cotton fibers, the composition of the fabric includes synthetic threads that make the material easier to care for and affordable. Summer dresses, sundresses, skirts are sewn from cambric, and it is also used to decorate blouses.

Natural stretch fabric, which contains a large amount of cotton fibers and a small percentage of elastane. The fabric has the property of high thermal conductivity, which is accompanied by a feeling of pleasant freshness and coolness.

Supplex. A fabric that stands out for one property: stretches beautifully. It is made by spinning - the threads are intertwined with each other on a special machine. Supplex can have different density and composition. Most often, more than 50% of the composition is lycra and lurex - synthetic materials that are responsible for the shine and characteristics of the fabric. Also, the composition may include microfiber and nylon - another representatives of the "synthetic", which endow the supplex with moisture-proof properties. Sports suits, swimwear are sewn from this material.

Boucle- fabric, which is made from woolen thread. Its characteristic features are the presence of many small curls and a knobby surface to the touch. Boucle is also compared to small astrakhan. The composition of the fabric, in addition to wool, may include cotton, viscose, synthetics. The thicker the material itself and the curls, the more wool is in the composition. They sew coats, suits, scarves from boucle. The most famous fans of boucle suits are Jacqueline Kennedy and Sophia Loren. Such a fabric does not wrinkle, and a woolen product can only be washed by hand.

Velveteen- this material is a synthetic fabric, the outer part of which is made of pile. This material has been known since ancient times, being considered the "fabric of kings", which made it very expensive and practically inaccessible to a wide range. However, now this fabric is made using a slightly different technology, which made it possible to increase the elasticity of the material itself. In addition, products made of corduroy are quite pleasant to the touch and durable, but special care must be taken when washing - the material can lose shape and wrinkle.

Velours- fabric with a low, very dense and soft pile. Pleasant to the body material, used for tailoring. In things from velor it is comfortable and cozy. Things made of velor practically do not wipe off and are resistant to other damage, do not stretch and after a long time look like new. Fabric composition: lycra, cotton with polyester or may consist of 100% cotton. Thanks to the inner layer of knitwear that comes into contact with your baby's skin, which is made of cotton. In things made of velor, it is comfortable, cozy and warm for children and adults. It is recommended to wash less than 35 degrees, also hand wash. Ironing after washing is not recommended.

Viscose- gentle, pleasant to the touch fiber (fabric), which has the highest brightness of color and soft sheen. Viscose has a composition similar to natural cotton fiber and is therefore hygroscopic, easily permeable to air. Moreover, it gives a feeling of coolness in hot weather.

Gabardine. The fabric, which has durability due to the special weaving of threads, uses embossed, diagonal weaving, and also keeps its shape well, allowing you to create draperies, textured folds that do not deform after washing. Natural gabardine is made from the wool of merino sheep - expensive suits and short coats are sewn from such material. Today, gabardine is most often made up of cotton, viscose, and textured polyester yarns. Skirts, jackets and suits are made from this fabric.

Galliano- a fabric that got its name thanks to the eminent Italian designer, who pays special attention to the lining when sewing products. Yes, galliano is a lining fabric that can have a different composition. For example, the lining that will be used for sewing a coat, a jacket will include twill, viscose. For dresses, skirts, galliano fabric is used, which consists of satin, polyester. This material is durable, holds its shape well, but practically does not stretch.

Guipure- a translucent fabric in the form of lace patterns based on - mesh. This material is widely used for the production of products consisting of it, as well as some individual elements for models, for example: lace sleeves of a dress, sweaters, etc., lace inserts on the back in summer or demi-season models. Guipure is used for the production of evening dresses, jackets and other things. Lace overlays give the models a festive look.

– a combination of two elegant fabrics, which allows you to get a spectacular material at a low cost. On the front side you see a sophisticated guipure pattern, and on the wrong side - a smooth and pleasant to the touch satin. For the manufacture of such a fabric, stretch satin is used, which includes lycra, as well as guipure. The latter, as a rule, is made from cotton or polyamide threads, less often from silk, linen and viscose. Guipure on satin is chosen for sewing corsets of evening dresses, jackets, skirts.

Guipure Printed. A fabric that consists of two elements: embossed lace and a thin mesh, which, in fact, connects the lace elements. Lace is made, as a rule, from cotton, but the mesh may contain synthetic fibers, which add wear resistance and strength to the product. Printed guipure, unlike the traditional one, can have different color schemes, since the color, the pattern is applied here mechanically. Original dresses are sewn from such material, it is used as inserts in jackets, evening dresses, where a corset is used.

Diving- High-quality and highly elastic fabric, which gives it a dimensionless effect. Perfectly hugs your body, drapes well and holds its shape well. The fabric is breathable and has the important inherent property of wicking moisture and sweat away from the surface of the body. Diving is a versatile and durable fabric and is often used for sewing: not only for everyday women's clothing, dresses, but also for the production of sportswear, including athletics.

Diving Micro- fabric, which, unlike its "brother" - diving, has a very wide range of applications. From it sew both dresses, pencil skirts, and tracksuits, leggings. It is made of thin fibers of viscose and is lightweight, stretches well and does not hinder movement. The composition of micro diving, in addition to viscose, includes lycra, polyester and elastane. Due to the presence of lycra and elastane, the fabric drapes well and sits on the figure.

Two-thread- compacted knitted fabric, made on the basis of a satin stitch, in the simple "Kulirka", one of the natural cotton-based materials widely used in our daily life. the outer side is even and smooth, and the inner side is loop-shaped, created by knitting high-density cushioning threads from the inside. The fabric is resistant to wear and does not lose its shape, the appearance of pellets and all possible stretching. This natural and natural material allows the skin to breathe perfectly even in warm and hot weather, easily passing air through itself. Important: it is desirable to wash at a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees, since the fabric shrinks after washing. Composition - 100% cotton.

Thickened fabric. Either woolen (worsted) or cotton twisted yarn. Scars are pronounced on the surface of the fabric, they are the result of an appropriate selection of the proportions of density and thickness and the introduction of a special weave of threads. The diagonal is so strong that it is used for sewing military uniforms, and for you and me, coats, jackets and the rest are sewn from it.
In production, the fabric is created on the basis of natural materials. Therefore, the fabric is hygroscopic and allows air to pass through quite easily, allowing the body to breathe. All things made from this material provide convenience and comfort, including practicality in use to the owner. The product does not cause hypoallergenic reactions. I would like to note the thermal insulation characteristics: in cold weather, clothes made of it warm and retain heat, and at elevated temperatures, on the contrary, it gives a feeling of freshness and coolness.

Jacquard- this material is a special fabric, which is made by complex interlacing of various threads. This technology also affects the price of the final material, which is quite large. As for products made from this fabric, they are very strong, light, wear-resistant and hypoallergenic. The use of natural materials in the production allows the use of this fabric even for newborn clothes.

Suede- she is shampoo (she is also rovduga and vezh), this is leather dressed from deer and sheepskins using a method called fat tanning. It has characteristic properties: soft silkiness, a certain velvety and such an important property as moisture impermeability. Painted in different colors. A distinctive feature of the fabric is sponginess and porosity.

The material is made by combining a cotton, silk base with microfiber or polyester threads. Clothes - skirts, jackets are made in a woven way - a microfiber cloth is split into small fibers and applied to a cotton or silk base. This method ensures the reliability of the material. The non-woven method, in which polyester threads are glued to the base, is distinguished by its low cost, but also less high-quality processing. Artificial suede is soft, durable and practically does not deform.

The material consists of two parts: a base and a layer of polymers. It has good strength, elasticity, hypoallergenicity and tolerates frost, as well as exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Cotton and polyester can be used as the base, and polyurethane can be used as the top layer. The combination of a fabric base and porous polyurethane makes faux leather a highly breathable fabric that can be used to make dresses, skirts, leggings and trousers.

- this includes several types of canvases that differ in their composition, but have several mandatory properties. Suit fabric should keep its shape well, lie down on the figure and be wear-resistant. The material may include wool with elastane, cotton with the addition of polyester, viscose. The best suit fabrics are cotton with the addition of synthetic fibers - they are good for the summer-spring period, as well as woolen fabrics with viscose and elastane. The latter should be chosen for a warm winter-autumn suit.

Costume fabric "Tiar"- a rather dense one-color suit fabric in dark colors with elastane, the clothes are flexible and elastic, which gives it a kind of no dimension and does not restrict movement. A special characteristic is the softness, comfort and amazing pleating of the fabric. "Tiar" is widely used for sewing school clothes, clothes for women. Often used to make dresses, jackets, skirts, sundresses and more.

- This fabric is almost 100% natural cotton. Sometimes certain impurities of organic origin are added to the composition, but they only increase the positive characteristics of cotton. Clothing made of cotton absorbs moisture well and lets air through, which makes it almost indispensable in the summer. It also has good hypoallergenic properties, but with prolonged wear, the color saturation may be somewhat lost. However, this disadvantage is more than covered by its absolute advantages.

A natural fabric made from cotton fibers. Cotton is distinguished by its hypoallergenicity, the ability to pass air well and durability. The type of fabric called "shirt" has several features. The first is composition. Such a cotton will consist of 100% cotton without the addition of viscose or lycra. The second is the ability to keep the shape well, which is achieved due to the composition and dense weaving of the fibers. Cotton "shirt" is used for sewing blouses and, as the name implies, for making classic and casual shirts.

Crepe- a category of fabrics, mainly silk fabrics, whose threads are produced with a significant (crepe) twist, and in some variants with special (crepe) weaves. Crepe fabrics have characteristic properties: low wrinkling and excellent appearance, elasticity and wear resistance, as well as good drape. In order to highlight and emphasize all the splendor and elegance of the crepe pattern, it is most often made one-colored. Due to the fact that crepe threads have increased rigidity, it has the disadvantage of increased shedding.

Lightweight, but rather dense fabric, which has a slightly rough surface. The prefix "crepe" indicates a special method of weaving threads - first they are twisted in different directions, and then intertwined according to the traditional linen method. Due to this technology, a durable, but lightweight material is obtained. Evening, summer dresses, skirts, scarves are sewn from crepe-chiffon. The fabric lends itself well to drapery and is durable. Composition: 100% silk.

Corn- excellent moisture absorption is one of the main distinguishing properties of the fabric. Interestingly, corn dries instantly, you can tell before our eyes. We also refer to the ability of the fabric to retain color for a long time, resistance to fading when exposed to sunlight and other external influences. It is worth highlighting its most basic advantage - it is hypoallergenic. The fabric is very pleasant and soft to the touch.

Linen It is a natural fabric obtained from a plant. Products made from this material have very good breathability characteristics, which is a great advantage in very hot weather, as well as being hypoallergenic and durable. Linen retains its integrity quite well, despite frequent wearing and regular washing. It is worth noting that this material is sensitive to temperatures, so you need to wash these clothes in not very hot water so that the material does not sit down.

Madonna- a fabric that is characterized by maximum breathability and consists of synthetic materials - polyester and viscose. Sometimes spandex fibers are added to the composition - such a fabric will be as elastic as possible. Madonna is good because stains are easily removed from the surface, due to the fact that the fibers of the fabric undergo a special treatment. Evening dresses are sewn from this material when you need to create a model with heavy folds, as well as jackets and suits.

Fabric "Macaroni", (also "macaroni", "macaroni") is a fabric of plant origin, as a rule, coarse calico, 100% cotton. It got its name thanks to a simple pattern - thin lines on a light background. For a finished weaving pattern, a clear perpendicular weave of threads is necessary. The material is very pleasant and light. Use it for needlework, sewing children's clothing, bed linen, home costumes.

Oil- This is a synthetic material, which is based on polyester and viscose. The use of these materials allows clothes made of oil to be breathable, not to wrinkle and not to lose their shape for a long time. It is noteworthy that wearing such clothes in the heat allows not only not to experience discomfort, but also to feel a feeling of freshness and coolness, which makes this fabric extremely popular among summer clothing manufacturers.

Practical and pleasant to the touch. It is often used for sewing home textiles, bathrobes, pajamas and tracksuits. The composition is usually linen, cotton or bamboo. The surface of the terry is the loops of the main threads. The pile can be one- or two-sided. High-quality fabric remarkably absorbs moisture, does not deform and does not require ironing. There are canvases with a relief pattern and sheared pile.

memory- a fabric that restores its shape well, does not wrinkle and is distinguished by a matte sheen of its front side. The polymer fibers that make up the memory are responsible for the ability of the fabric to remember and restore shape. The material has the following properties: does not let moisture through, does not stretch, repels dirt. Sew from memory jackets, raincoats, coats. The fabric is also suitable for making skirts, suits. In this case, about 30% satin or cotton is added to its composition.

Micro oil- very similar in composition to knitted fabric. The fabric consists of: polyester 90%, viscose 5%, lycra 5%. Incredibly thin, pleasant to the body flowing material.

Mohair- a thin, silky fabric made from the wool of the angora goat. It is used to make dresses, suits, sweaters and even coats. Until 1820, this fabric was available only to the Turkish Sultan, but in the middle of the 20th century, Angora goats began to be taken out of the country and sold as a valuable material in European countries. Mohair is very light, perfectly retains heat and has a soft sheen.

Neoprene- This is a synthetic material that is made on the basis of foam rubber. In the modern world, this material is used in a variety of areas, but it is most widely used in water sports, where it is the basis of athletes' clothing. This is quite understandable, because this material does not allow moisture to pass through, and also allows you to save the natural heat of the human body, regardless of temperature changes.

Nicole- a fabric that is practical and bright in color. Almost 70% it consists of polyester, thanks to which it does not wrinkle, retains a rich color and washes well. It contains elastane and viscose - the product will sit well on the figure. Sewn from nicole fabric are both summer sundresses, dresses, shorts in a catchy yellow, turquoise, pink hue, as well as strict suits in classic gray, black.

- airy, lightweight fabric, which, at the same time, is stiff. The material holds its shape well and can be both shiny and matte. It all depends on the composition of the fabric. "Brilliant organza" - one that is made from polyester fibers that undergo additional processing. Matte fabric is obtained from viscose and silk threads. True, silk organza is rare, since such material is very expensive. The fabric can be decorated with lurex or metallic threads. Organza is used to decorate dresses, skirts and suits.

sequins- a fabric that is distinguished by a complex production technology and consists of several elements. The first is a base made of polyester or oil, which is responsible for the practicality of the material. Thanks to the polyester, the sequins stretch well. The second element is, in fact, sequins, sparkles that are sewn to the base. They are made from plastic or thin metal plates. Sequins can have a different shape, color and differ in the degree of sheen. As for the composition, the sequin fabric is, as a rule, synthetics.

For the manufacture of the lining, most often, fabrics with synthetic fibers are used, as they are durable. Viscose is a fabric that is used as a lining in tracksuits. Satin is considered the best option for lining coats and men's suits. Polyester is the most popular lining fabric used for down jackets and jackets. Satin is an expensive fabric that is used as a lining for evening dresses, skirts and classic suits.

- a fabric based on cotton. Most often, it consists of 80-90% of cotton, and is supplemented with synthetic, less often with silk threads. The main advantages of poplin: the fabric is breathable, soft to the touch, keeps its shape perfectly and does not require ironing. After several washes, poplin will not lose color or stretch. Dresses, shirts and jackets are sewn from this fabric - that is, practical products that should not lose their shape, but are necessarily durable.

- a fabric that looks like an elastic band and belongs to the "knitted family". The material is made by knitting, in which the front loops alternate with the wrong ones. Due to this, similarity with a small rubber band is achieved. Children's hats, clothes for the house, underwear are sewn from ribana. Fabric composition: 100% cotton. There are also fabrics with the addition of viscose, polyester (no more than 5%).

Rogozhka- a fabric that many associate with burlap. But matting is more elegant both in appearance and in composition. Ideal material for sewing outerwear and for suits, dresses in the spirit of Audrey Hepburn and Coco Chanel. The composition of the canvas includes natural materials: wool, cotton, linen. 2-5% acrylic is also added to increase wear resistance. Gunny holds its shape well and has a dense texture. Another feature is that the fabric does not wrinkle and does not require special care.

A non-woven material that has unique properties: it retains its shape well, does not absorb moisture and has high thermal insulation characteristics. For the manufacture of synthetic winterizer, synthetic fibers or recycled materials are used. The fibers are bonded together by gluing or heat treatment. The density of the synthetic winterizer depends on the thickness of the layers used. The minimum density is 0.04 kg per m², and the maximum is 1.5 kg. This material is used as a heater for jackets, down jackets, tracksuits.

Soft- looking at the name, it becomes clear that this fabric is soft. Outwardly, it resembles velor, but the composition of the software is somewhat different. The fabric may consist of cotton, elastane and viscose fibers. There is also 100% polyester. The front side of the software has a relief structure and a barely noticeable pile, and the wrong side is matte. Dresses with frills, skirts are sewn from such a fabric - it lends itself well to drapery, allowing you to create folds that keep their shape perfectly. The material withstands washing at 40 degrees, the color will not fade in the sun, and you don’t have to iron clothes made of soft.

Lightweight, lightweight and delicate fabric that stretches and retains its shape. In its composition, it is a synthetic material. Stretch mesh is used for decorating wedding and evening dresses. Recently, this material has also been chosen for sewing a tutu skirt, as well as corrective underwear. Due to the fact that the material is characterized by a low density, the product from it must be washed in a delicate mode. Fabric composition: 95% polyester and 5% elastane.

- a fabric that is distinguished by its density and its glossy surface. It is made by plain weaving of threads, thanks to which the material is distinguished by its ability to repel moisture. The dense weaving of the threads also reveals another ability of the fabric - to keep its shape perfectly and form rigid folds. Taffeta is made from polyester, viscose, acetate and cotton. Rarely, silk threads can be found in the composition. Evening dresses, skirts are sewn from this fabric, and taffeta is also used to decorate blouses and trousers.

Tweed- woolen fabric with good density. It is made by twill weaving of thick fibers. The fabric is distinguished by its textured surface, and the combination of threads of different colors and the method of weaving create a textured ornament with coarse knots typical of tweed. Women started wearing tweed suits thanks to Coco Chanel. The famous skirt and jacket sets in pale pink, black and white were made from this natural wool fabric. Tweed has elasticity, strength, does not wrinkle, and the only drawback of the fabric is that it must be protected from moths.

tiara- the fabric from which suits are most often sewn, both trouser and with a skirt. The material is distinguished by a smooth, even surface with a barely noticeable diagonal scar. Most of the composition is polyester, thanks to which the tiara keeps its shape well and does not wrinkle. It contains viscose and wool - these fibers add softness and make products warm. Necessarily, the composition of the tiara will include elastane, which ensures the elasticity of the fabric. Most often, black, brown, dark blue and gray suits are made from tiara.

Thinsulate- is for today one of the best heaters for clothes. Ultra light material that does not absorb moisture, thanks to this, even in wet weather it will warm you, has excellent thermal insulation qualities. Thinsulate is one of the weightless heaters, it has the best qualities of bird fluff, only after washing it does not crumple and does not crumple like fluff - this is one of the most positive qualities of this heater. Thinsulate is very effective and is able to keep you warm even in cold weather - 60 degrees. Care - things from thinsulate can be washed both by hand and in a typewriter. If you have chosen automatic washing, then it is recommended to choose a gentle mode: revolutions less than 600 per minute, water temperature - less than 40 ° C, light spin. Even with repeated washing, things do not lose their original appearance and shape, the fabric dries very quickly.

Three-thread- compacted knitted fabric, made on the basis of a satin stitch (kulirki - natural materials based on cotton), the outer side is even, and the inner side is a thick fleece, which is formed as a result of knitting interlining threads from the outside. This canvas is resistant to pellets, stretching of the material, serves for a long time and does not change shape in any way. It is a natural fabric, it allows air to pass through, as a result of which the skin can breathe, and thanks to the fleece it keeps heat, thanks to which the material is ideal for cold weather. Three-thread is pleasant to the body and sensations. Recommended care - wash at less than 35 degrees. The composition of the fabric is 100% cotton.

- knitted fabric, which has its own peculiarity - the front and back sides are different in appearance. The front is a smooth fabric, soft to the touch, but the wrong side will be distinguished by the presence of fleece, which is formed by interweaving the fibers of the footer (thick cotton fabric). The latter add thermal insulation properties to the material. Three-thread "Loop" is used for tailoring tracksuits. Fabric composition: 100% cotton.

trick is a lightweight knitted fabric based on synthetic threads. It perfectly holds its shape, is elastic, has a smooth and shiny surface. Such material absorbs moisture well and dries quickly. The stains are easily washed off, and ironing is not necessary at all. As a rule, the trick is used for tailoring tracksuits, tops, leggings. Distinguish between plain and printed canvases.

Soft, fleecy, pleasant to the touch fabric, which is popular with world designers due to its two qualities - the “ability” to keep warm well and durability. Natural angora is made from goat hair and has a silky sheen. But angora knitwear refers to mixed fabrics, which includes wool, viscose and polyester. The percentage of the latter, as a rule, is up to 55%. Cardigans, warm dresses with sleeves, tracksuits are sewn from such fabric.

Jersey jersey - as it is already clear, this is a type of knitted fabric that is knitted using the single-row weaving method, and not woven like other fabrics. How to determine what is in front of you is a jersey? You can take the raw edge of the fabric and stretch it across the width. It should roll up. The composition of the canvas may include woolen threads, cotton, polyester and mixed fibers. The more elastane and synthetic fibers in the composition, the better the jersey stretches. They make both clothes for the house and cardigans, dresses, sweatpants and T-shirts from the fabric.

A fabric that, although it belongs to the "knitted family", is made of synthetic fibers. It does not wrinkle, is durable, wear-resistant and has excellent elasticity. The right side of the fabric can have a shiny finish, while the wrong side will look like a traditional knitted fabric. Disco knitwear is used for tailoring cocktail dresses, blouses, tight skirts and overalls. Fabric composition: 95% polyester and 5% elastane. Some manufacturers add cotton fibers to the composition.

Fabric that differs in the way weave threads. Here, the transverse thread is reinforced, and the canvas itself is distinguished by the presence of small scars, due to which the material looks similar to rep. To the touch, the “rib” is a velvety, soft fabric. Such knitwear does not wrinkle, quickly restores its shape, has good breathability and thermal insulation. They make dresses, trousers, skirts from jersey "rib" that fit perfectly on the figure. Fabric composition: 95% cotton and 5% lycra or 40% cotton, 30% viscose, 30% polyester.

Flannel- a very soft and fleecy type of cotton-based fabric. Widely used for making home textiles. It has a twill or plain weave, a uniform two- or one-sided pile. It has excellent absorbent and heat-saving properties. It is often used in the production of bathrobes and warm pajamas. There are printed, shirt, bleached, one-colored and careless flannel.

Fleece- This is a synthetic material made on the basis of polyester, as well as other materials of artificial origin. The fleece material can be used as a lining as well as an outer material. Fleece products are quite light and dense, which makes this material indispensable in the manufacture of sportswear.

Flock- thick fabric, based on polyester and cotton. It can withstand heavy loads, often used as upholstery for upholstered furniture. In the manufacture of the material, finely cut villi are used, which are applied to the adhesive base using a special tool - a flokator. It creates an electrostatic field that allows tiny particles to be firmly fixed.

French jersey- knitted fabric with excellent stretchability. Knitwear is massively used in the tailoring of all types of clothing, turtlenecks, women's dresses, suits for women, jackets, sweaters, pullovers. The loose composition gives this fabric softness. French knitwear allows human skin to breathe, protecting it from hot and cold weather.

Cotton is a natural material derived from a plant that is used in many types of other fabrics. Cotton products are very light and pleasant to the touch, breathable, which allows you to wear these clothes even in the hottest weather. Cotton is used in a variety of industries - from tailoring to furniture production. Cotton items should not be washed at a hot temperature, otherwise they may shrink and lose their shape.

Cotton harvester It is 100% natural fabric. It is usually used for sewing bed linen and home textiles. Crinkled fabric is obtained by special twisting of threads and heat treatment. The result is an interesting embossed pattern, the fabric itself is light, breathable, pleasant to the touch. The advantage of harvester cotton is that it does not require ironing, it retains a neat appearance for a long time.

- a material that is distinguished by its ability to retain heat well. This is achieved by the production of material - synthetic fibers are twisted, connected by a thermal method. Cavities are formed inside the fibers, which retain heat. Holofiber is non-toxic, breathable, does not absorb odors and does not shrink when washed. Use it as a heater for jackets, down jackets, sports, ski suits.

Silk is a fabric of natural origin, obtained from cocoons, which are woven by silkworms. The technology of its manufacture is quite complicated, which naturally affects the cost of the final material. However, its advantages brighten up this small drawback. The fabric passes air very well, absorbs and evaporates moisture, and also has a positive effect on human skin itself - the chemical composition of silk allows the epidermis to regenerate faster. In addition, silk items are reliable defenders against various ticks and lice, as well as other harmful microorganisms.

Chiffon- this material was made using natural silk, but later began to use synthetic materials. Chiffon products are unusually light and airy, but their strength leaves much to be desired. However, this material is quite widely used in many fashion houses as a material for clothing.

- this is a fabric that is a mixture of cotton and viscose in a ratio of 50 to 50 (there are fabrics where 60% cotton and 40% viscose). The material itself has a fairly dense structure, but this does not affect its weight - the fabric is quite light and airy. The stack is very pleasant to the touch, not for nothing that homemade dressing gowns were sewn from this material in Soviet times. The fabric may somewhat resemble wool, but its structure is more delicate and elastic.

Eco leather is a synthetic material derived from polyurethane. From the name it is clear that it is a substitute for natural leather, but, unlike leatherette, it is practically not inferior to it. The discovery of this material allowed not only to save a considerable number of animals, but also to take care of the environment, because the production of natural leather is often associated with its pollution. As for the fabric itself, it is very reliable and similar to natural leather in its characteristics.

blouse fabrics

Atlas - dense silk or semi-silk fabric with a shiny and very smooth surface. Atlas is also used as lining for coats and hats.

Satin - stretch- a classic among evening fabrics. It is beautiful, comfortable and, among other things, provides a perfect fit.

Atlas - crash- shiny crinkled fabric (with "wrinkles" wrinkled in the shared direction) will look original in a wedding dress. A shiny fabric with characteristic "wrinkled" folds, snow-white or champagne-colored, is good in itself, so it does not require a complex style and additional decorations.

Guipure- a common name for a variety of types of lace. This is both coarse lace with a relief pattern based on a mesh and lace without a warp, as if woven on bobbins. The composition, as a rule, contains polyester and lurex. The latter gives the guipure a characteristic stiffness.

Guipure - metallic- perhaps the most modest of guipure. More dense, less transparent. The woven shimmering threads create a characteristic metallic sheen.

Leather - guipure. A guipure cloth is glued on a base of thin leather. The result is a material with a moderate sheen, suitable for extravagant evening wear.

Lace fabric- transparent openwork fabric with patterns on a mesh background is indispensable for an evening dress. Large matte flowers on a silk mesh, embossed, smooth lace (mesh and pattern are weaved at the same time) - there are many options. An evening dress can consist entirely of sensual lace, or it can act as separate elements, for example, lace sleeves or a back.

Crash- the general name for crinkled fabrics. As a result of pressing on thin materials made of synthetic fibers, durable wrinkled folds are formed. Usually they are jammed in the share direction and are expressed more or less strongly. Crash fabrics do not iron.

Lycra- smooth, easily extensible fabric, translucent, with a brilliant dusting. Rough to the touch, with characteristic nodules, reminiscent of brocade. Lycra with the addition of elastane is an excellent material for a swimwear. Dense, elastic, with a noble matte sheen, it will provide the necessary fit and support even curvy shapes. 100% polyester lycra is a less dense but no less beautiful option, ideal for a tankini model. You can choose from the classic "bathing" range: pink, black, dark blue, blue.

Lame- shiny iridescent fabric with metallic and other shiny showy threads.

Organza- the lightest, transparent, but dense material with an iridescent surface. Ideal for both Asian-inspired blouses and sports anorak blouses with a hood. Organza "Flowers" - a particularly dense, even tough, transparent fabric, perfectly keeps its shape. Especially good for airy decorative scarves. Organza-crash - less transparent, due to the characteristic "reaped" surface. When working with this fabric, stretch it as little as possible so that the wrinkled folds do not smooth out. In order not to stretch the armholes and shoulder seams, when laying the line, an oblique trim is attached. Polyester organza - often used for sewing sheer puffy sleeves, as well as for lining under a lace bodice, reinforcing thin lace or a puffy cancan petticoat.

Brocade- intricately patterned decorative fabric with a silk base. Contains metallic threads (silver or gold) that give it rigidity, massiveness, flexibility and shine. Used for theatrical costumes or formal wear. Replaced by fabrics made of synthetic fibers. Lycra brocade is a smooth, heavy fabric that looks like lacquer. It does not have the rigidity of a classic brocade, it stretches perfectly. Silk brocade is a very dense, heavy, smooth fabric made from 100% silk. Can be jacquard or embroidered. Suitable for evening wear. Viscose brocade is a magnificent dense champagne-colored fabric with an unobtrusive pattern and discreet splashes of lurex.

taffeta satin- dense, light, wonderfully rustling fabric with the effect of overflowing colors acts as an alternative to elastic materials for tight-fitting models. It is characterized by some rigidity, thanks to which the clothes keep their shape perfectly. Best of all, taffeta-satin is suitable for a blouse that will look decent with and without a jacket.

Fukra- a common name for fabrics that have a compressed structure (as if embossed pattern). The most common is taffeta-fukra, costume fukra.

Silk- a noble fabric with a durable and smooth surface is used for sewing products such as blouses, dresses, scarves, suits. Wet silk is a silk fabric with a slightly fluffy "peach" surface. Such silk is not washed, but dry-cleaned. Silk "Koshibo" is a dense, opaque, matte fabric. Less smooth than classic types of silk.

Dress fabrics

Viscose- fabrics made of viscose threads are more massive, tougher than, for example, natural silk. They have a more pronounced weave due to the thickness of the threads. Viscose is easily wrinkled, prone to shrinkage. Disadvantage: high shedding of threads along the cuts of parts. Viscose-chiffon is a light, translucent, flowing fabric with a noble matte sheen. It captivates with a light "watercolor" pattern, a pleasant silky structure and the opportunity to purchase a companion fabric for it. A great option is a blouse and a top made from these fabrics. Viscose with the addition of wool and synthetics is suitable for both elegant and casual wear. The effect of modesty and sophistication is created by a heterogeneous structure in which the matte surface is combined with translucent striped inserts. Not an ounce of shine, but it looks quite elegant.

Jersey- thin pliable knitted material of those that gently caress the body. Dresses, skirts, jersey jackets look great, thanks to the material's ability to gently fall. Jersey is also very practical: it easily tolerates even a long stay in a suitcase and does not require special care. "Beta jersey" - a dense material similar to gold and silver with stains can be interesting for a bathing suit. This fabric can not be called very practical, but in a bikini from it you will definitely become the queen of the beach!

Jacquard- the collective name of all fabrics, in the pattern of which different types of interweaving of threads alternate. The use of different threads - matte and shiny, light and dark - enhances this effect. The composition of the fabric may be different, but if the name contains "jacquard", then this is necessarily a fabric with a pronounced large pattern.

Georgette- light, very thin, translucent fabric, harsh to the touch. This fabric is similar to crepe georgette. Women's elegant dresses, blouses are sewn from it.

Crepe- the general name for all fabrics from twisted (crepe) threads and fabrics of a special crepe weave with a characteristic grainy surface. Shirts, bed and night linen, dresses, blouses are sewn from cotton crepe. Woolen crepe is suitable for dresses, blouses. Crepe satin is a well-draped dense fabric. The front side of crepe-satin is smooth and shiny (reminiscent of satin), the wrong side is matte, with a coarse-grained surface. This effect can be emphasized in models. For example, use the smooth surface of crepe satin for finishing. Or sew a suit, in which for the jacket and skirt choose a matte "wrong" surface of the fabric, and for the top - a smooth, "front" one. Crepe chiffon is a translucent fabric, denser than classic chiffon, with a characteristic crepe structure. Moss - crepe comes in different densities, some types of this fabric are quite transparent. It has an unobtrusive shimmery sheen. Suitable for modest evening dresses and suits. Crepe georgette - silk fabric, thin, translucent, more shiny than crepe de chine. Differs in rigidity, elasticity, flowability. Blouses, dresses are sewn from this fabric, used for decoration. Double crepe is a fairly dense, lightweight fabric with a characteristic grainy surface. This classic fabric - plastic, sliding - can be matte or softly shimmery. It is very good for summer and dressy wide flowing gauze trousers.

Crepe de chine- silk fabric with a moderate sheen, the surface is fine-grained. Suitable for blouses, dresses.

Linen. This is a durable, low-stretch fabric with an expressive embossed surface, hygroscopic. As a rule, linen in its pure form is not used in the dress group of fabrics. Often found: Linen with lavsan. This is a woolly, beautiful fabric. It does not wrinkle, keeps its shape, but its hygroscopicity is lower. Linen with viscose. Silky fabric, well draped, hygroscopic, but easily wrinkled. Linen with silk is a fabric that combines the positive properties of both natural fibers. Thanks to the presence of linen, this blended material has a pleasant coolness, while silk makes it soft to the touch and less wrinkled. This modest-looking fabric is ideal for a sports blouse-shirt, jacket-shirt.

Poplin- dense, smooth, soft fabric with a small transverse scar. Whatever its composition - silk, viscose or synthetic - this is the optimal fabric for feminine dresses and blouses. It has a soft and beautiful fall and has a noble sheen. Cotton poplin. Due to the thinness and density, models made of such poplin are particularly light and perfectly keep their shape. In addition, this fabric is easy to work with and care for. Nylon poplin. Soft, lightweight, breathable, does not wrinkle. Combines the highest comfort with a spectacular modern look. Extremely easy to care for: washable at 30 degrees and does not require ironing. After drying, poplin clothes can be put on immediately.

satin- cotton, silk or woolen smooth fabric with a shiny surface. Cotton satin is recommended for dressing gowns, dresses, and work clothes. From woolen satin sew elegant ladies' clothes.

Net- the canvas, consisting of small, delicate cells, resembles tulle and is used to make inserts and some distances of the dress, for example, an invisible neckline. Mesh - stretch with a printed floral pattern is a delicate soft fabric, especially relevant in the coming summer. It stretches superbly in all directions, is pleasant to the body and reflects the trend of lightness and transparency in clothing. Mesh-lace silver color is an embroidered floral motifs with the addition of lurex on a mesh basis. The pattern convex on both sides makes the fabric rather rigid, inelastic, but keeps its shape well and is very elegant.

Taffeta- elegant, crispy fabric, dense to the touch, with a characteristic, pronounced structure - a scar on the surface, a "dry" carcass and an unobtrusive sheen. Rigidity is given by finishing (chemical treatment) and therefore taffeta is heavily wrinkled. Another disadvantage is flowability and a tendency to shrink, which must be taken into account when cutting. Evening dresses, blouses are sewn from it. Covers are used for dresses, petticoats. It is also very suitable for classic evening trousers or stylish 3/4 trousers. Polyester taffeta is a dense, very smooth, wonderfully rustling fabric with a noble sheen, it is very suitable for an elegant dress. Viscose taffeta is good for a summer outfit: it is less rigid with a body-friendly "cotton" structure and a shimmering sheen. Tapestry taffeta is another "squeak", which resulted in a new flight of designers' imagination. It makes such charming vests and bell skirts! Taffeta welcomes the neighborhood with other exquisite materials, such as guipure, lace. This can be used in the evening model of trousers and dresses.

Knitwear. Such a multi-faceted, but always elastic, flowing, tight-fitting jersey is indispensable for the slim-line silhouette, which many prefer for an evening dress or suit. Knitwear jersey in a modern design is the thinnest, delicate, surprisingly pleasant to the touch fabric. It is able to fit perfectly and flow softly - it all depends on the silhouette you choose. It can be an open evening dress, a light suit in a sporty style, a top that sits like a second skin. Another plus of this fabric is the fashionable sand scale and safari shades. However, juicy stuffings, a variety of checks and stripes are also waiting for their application. Day-Night jersey is a translucent flowing fabric, which, thanks to the play of light, looks either matte or shiny. Knitwear with lurex is a rather dense, but light fabric with a pasted pattern. There are several interesting coating options: on one, strokes and patches of dazzlingly bright paint seem to be applied by hand; the other - dazzling white - as if thickly "powdered" with sparkling hoarfrost. Knitwear "Renovella" is a dense light fabric with a slightly velvety surface. Discreet jacquard pattern "veined" remotely resembles thin skin. A top or shirt made from this jersey will look great with any warm suit. The traditional combi-partner is a tweed two-piece, the actual one is trousers made of satin fabric. Polyester jersey is less elastic, but very effective material. By the way, you will have to wear jersey with jeans colors, because super trendy denim swimwear is expensive and not very comfortable to wear. Comfortable, delicate, unpretentious fabric - what could be better for a bathing suit? For bold, uninhibited girls - catchy shimmering knitwear. The most extravagant leotard will come out of the "Hologram" jersey - a fabric with a shiny finish.

Shanzhan. Using differently colored threads in the production of smooth fabrics, they get the effect of iridescent color - the effect of "shanzhan". Such a fabric, regardless of the composition, always looks elegant. Blouses, dresses, and even jackets are sewn from it.

Chiffon- a thin flowing fabric made of synthetic or silk threads of crepe twist with a plain weave with a characteristic granular surface. Very transparent, reminiscent of a veil. Now in stores you can find an infinite number of different chiffons. Double-sided chiffon is a material consisting of two layers freely connected to each other. The layers are designed in different overlapping tones, which form an interesting play of color and pattern. In our case, these are white exquisite floral motifs on light gray. Flip the fabric over and get gray on white. Chiffon with embroidery. Delicate floral patterns are usually embroidered with colored, silver or gold threads. Light capes for dresses are sewn from such chiffon. It can also serve as the top of a multilayer suit. Chiffon with lurex. A translucent and smooth fabric with a soft iridescent sheen. If you look closely, the longitudinal threads of Lurex are clearly visible. Chiffon with sequins. If you don't want your blouse or dress to be too "shine" - choose just such a chiffon. Under the many small sparkling sequins, the transparent base is not so noticeable. Looks very elegant! Satin chiffon combines the best qualities of two materials - transparency and perfect smoothness. The result is a delicate fabric suitable for elegant blouses and dresses. Chiffon - jacquard. It will make a great outfit - and a wedding dress, and evening, and graduation. Transparent elements in this fabric are interestingly combined with denser ones, making up an original abstract pattern.

Cotton - stretch- dense, but surprisingly easy material. The addition of elastic fibers does not allow it to wrinkle much. A wide range of colors, based on many bright "summer" shades, makes this fabric versatile. Expensive stretch cottons have haute couture touches, such as feathers. The plastic fabric that emphasizes the lines of the body looks equally good in seductive tops and romantic dresses. Not to mention that cotton is one of the most comfortable materials on a hot day.

Stretch fabrics - universal beauty

Elastic, well-stretched fabric is always in the trend of the fashion industry. Clothing made of this material elegantly fits the figure, and when draped, it forms soft, beautifully flowing folds. Consider the main types of elastic fabrics, their properties, features of tailoring and care.

Most modern textile materials cannot boast of special elasticity and extensibility. But it is precisely these qualities that are necessary for bathing and sports suits, stockings and tights, underwear and many other items of clothing. Even some 70 years ago, the problem seemed almost insoluble.

But in the mid-1950s, a solution was found: the leading specialists of the American DuPont concern obtained a fiber with unique properties. The new material acquired the name "spandex", which was formed by rearranging the letters in the word "to expand" - to stretch. In Europe, this fabric is often referred to as elastane or lycra.

Spandex fiber is formed by flexible polyurethane fragments interconnected by so-called "bridges" - rigid bonds. It is they who do not allow the particles to disperse and determine the elasticity and elasticity of the material.

As an independent fabric, elastane, or elastic, as the manufacturers themselves say, is practically never found, but its addition to natural, artificial or synthetic fabrics gives them new characteristics. The most significant advantages are the following:

elasticity and resilience. The canvas not only stretches wonderfully, but also returns to its original shape;
strength and wear resistance. It is estimated that the introduction of Lycra fibers into the fabric prolongs its service life by almost two times;
resistance to external influences. Materials do not fade in the sun, do not collapse in salt water and do not lose their color;
crease resistance. Products with elastane do not require ironing;
pollution resistance. Stains from the surface of the fabric are easily washed off with water.

It is also important that, being inherently 100% synthetic, spandex does not reduce the breathability of natural materials at all. In clothes made of cotton, linen, silk or wool with the addition of lycra, the skin still “breathes” freely.

Interesting fact! Perhaps the only thing that spandex is afraid of is chemicals, especially chlorine compounds. It has been noticed that after frequent visits to pools with chlorinated water, the fabric of swimsuits becomes thinner and loses its color. To prevent this from happening, immediately after swimming, thoroughly rinse the clothes in running water and dry them.

Attachment that changes the properties of fabrics

So, almost any fabric can be made more elastic and stretchy. At the same time, many manufacturers do not even try to come up with names for new materials, but simply add the prefix "stretch", which in English means "stretchy", "stretchy".

Depending on how elastic the new canvas should be, the proportion of elastane is from 2 to 30% of the mass of the main fiber. And depending on the composition of the main tissue, the following types of stretching matter are distinguished:

stretch cotton. It is used when tailoring summer shirts, trousers, dresses, blouses, sundresses and other products. Differs in good aeration and hypoallergenicity;
stretch linen. The addition of a small amount of lycra allows you to get rid of the main problem of linen fabrics - strong creasing;
stretch denim. Especially relevant for women's jeans, which should fit perfectly on the figure;
stretch silk. This material successfully combines the brilliance and beauty of silk threads with the strength and elasticity of elastane. Most often used for underwear, bedding or evening wear;
stretch wool. Skirts or trousers made of such fabric not only fit the figure, but are also very practical - they do not wrinkle when constantly sitting on a chair or in a car seat;
stretch velvet. Luxurious fabric for creating evening dresses or wedding dresses;
stretch satin. Shiny durable material with a large palette of colors and shades. From it, carnival costumes or clothes for theatrical performances are most often sewn;
stretch jacquard. Due to the presence of lycra, the fabric becomes more durable and resistant to mechanical damage, which allows it to be used for the manufacture of upholstery for upholstered furniture, car covers, as well as women's and men's outerwear.

Interesting fact! It turns out that spandex is successfully used not only in the textile industry, but also in the medical industry. Elastic bandages, bandages, compression garments and a variety of bandage retainers are made with this unique material.

Material types

Fabrics with the addition of lycra at first glance do not differ from ordinary ones. However, after applying the effort, it becomes clear what type of stretch materials they belong to.

According to the method of production, elastic fabrics are divided into two groups:

Two-dimensional spandex, or mono-stretch. In them, lycra is added either to the main or to the weft thread. They can only stretch in one direction.
4D spandex, or bi-stretch. Both threads are subject to improvement here, so the fabric stretches perfectly both in length and in width.

Elastic fibers are matte or shiny, transparent or translucent. These properties are used when it is necessary to give the material a gloss or, on the contrary, to make it more invisible.

Briefly about the most common stretch fabrics

Stretch fabrics look very presentable. In addition, they are very comfortable and practical. The most famous include the following.

The name of this knitted material is translated as "stretching in both directions." Indeed, his canvas can increase in size by 300%.

The advantages of supplex include its strength, stability of saturated colors, unpretentiousness in care. The fabric absorbs moisture well and dries quickly. It has good thermal conductivity, so it will be comfortable in supplex clothes even in hot weather.

The main application of the material is the tailoring of swimwear, stage and carnival costumes, sportswear. Very often there is supplex with various decorative effects: shimmering, holographic or matte.

This beautifully stretchy synthetic fabric goes by many names. Manufacturers call it “knitwear-sport”, and athletes and gymnasts themselves call it “second skin”.

In addition to lycra, the composition of the material contains polyester, which gives it strength, and viscose, thanks to which the canvas shines and shimmers like satin or silk. Sometimes a small amount of cotton is allowed to increase the air conduction and hygienic properties.

There are two types of fabric: microdiving, which makes beautiful T-shirts, summer dresses, sundresses and blouses, and diving stretch, used for tailoring slimming underwear and sportswear. Clothing made from these materials is in high demand among the fair sex, since it can not only give the figure a beautiful silhouette, but also visually "remove" a few kilograms.

Jersey

Thanks to the famous Coco Chanel, knitted fabric, from which only underwear was sewn, began to be used to make elegant dresses, suits and even coats. The composition of the material can be varied: as a rule, it includes both natural and synthetic fibers.

A distinctive feature of jersey is a significant elasticity on the base: without increasing in length, the canvas stretches well in width. The fabric drapes beautifully, forming pleasant soft folds. Recently, homemade dressing gowns and pajamas, clothes for children have been sewn from it.

Kulirka and ribana

The two most common knitted fabrics that stand out for their high elasticity. Both materials contain exclusively cotton fibers, to which up to 5% lycra is added.

Fabrics not only stretch well, but are completely safe and hypoallergenic. In addition, they perfectly absorb moisture and do not interfere with aeration. The combination of such wonderful properties makes cooler and ribana the main "children's" materials. From them sew clothes for babies from birth.

Both varieties of knitwear have sufficient strength and resistance to mechanical damage. With proper care, they retain their elasticity and beautiful appearance for a long time.

Unfortunately, among the many advantages that stretch materials are generously endowed with, there are also negative qualities. In particular, elastic fabrics are very capricious when sewing. To make the process of creating a new product enjoyable, you need to use the recommendations of professional craftswomen:

When cutting, do not stretch the canvas. It is best to attach the pattern to the fabric using tailor's tape, which will prevent it from "jumping off".
Stretch materials should not be cut in two layers. They can move, and the part will turn out to be a curve.
For sewing it is necessary to use special elastic threads. To prevent the fabric from crawling out from under the foot, it is easiest to place thin paper or newspaper under it.
Often in the finished product, the hangers move down the arms. You can prevent this by sewing pieces of interlining or braid into the shoulder seams.
It is best to process the edges with an overlock or a zigzag attachment. If the fabric does not crumble, then the seams can be left as is.

It is important to know! Another disadvantage of elastic materials, especially with a natural base, is a high degree of shrinkage during washing. To protect yourself from this trouble as much as possible, the canvas should be washed in cool water twice before cutting. This pretreatment is called decating in tailor's parlance.

Caring for stretch fabrics

Before washing or cleaning, you must carefully read the descriptions on the label. In general, the requirements for various stretch materials can be listed in the form of the following rules:

hand washing is best. When machine washing, use only the delicate setting. The water temperature should not exceed 300C;
elastane fibers do not tolerate aggressive chemicals, so you should use liquid products and do without bleach;
it is impossible to twist, and even more so squeeze the products, so as not to destroy the fibers. It is best to hang clothes on hangers over the bath and let the water drain;
dry things better in the shade, away from direct sunlight. After the first wash, it is advisable to put new clothes on the mannequin when wet to avoid shrinkage;
stretch fabrics most often do not need ironing. However, if such a need arose, then the iron is not driven over the fabric, but carefully rearranged so as not to stretch it unnecessarily. In this case, the regulator should be in the “synthetics” or “silk” position;
Stretch fabrics should not be steamed as this will shrink them.

Following these simple rules, you can keep products made of stretchy materials in excellent condition for a long time. Tracksuits and swimwear, ball and casual dresses, hosiery and home textiles will delight with the brightness of colors, soft silky texture and high performance.