Conversation about folk crafts middle group. Acquaintance with folk toys in the middle group. Collection, analysis and systematization of information

Elena Melekestseva
Synopsis of the joint educational activities of teachers with children "Conversation about Russian folk crafts" in the middle group

Program content:

1. Continue to introduce children to folk toys. As with one of the species folk art.

2. To consolidate the knowledge of children about the Dymkovo toy, the elements of the Dymkovo ornament, the color scheme of the painting.

3. Cause joy, emotional interest among the pupils from communicating with the Dymkovo toy.

Material and equipment:

Dymkovo toys ( "Nanny", "Lady", "Rooster", "Goat", "Ram",

Albums with the image of the Dymkovo toy,

DVD with the image of the village of Dymkovo, pictures from image Dymkovo masters at work, products of Vyatka craftswomen.

Gouache yellow, red and black,

Square sheets of white paper

An easel for displaying pictures.

Elements of Dymkovo painting.

vocabulary work: settlement, lady-dandy, craftswoman, turkey.

The use of subject-developing environments: training and play areas.

Working with parents: invite parents to purchase coloring pages with image Dymkovo toys and examine them with children.

Children sit in a semicircle on chairs, sounds folk melody. The teacher turns on the disk with - image of the village of Dymkovo.

caregiver: In Dymkovo, over the Vyatka River,

Precious continuing work,

Not looking for peace in old age,

Glorious craftswomen live.

Red viburnum outside the windows,

The steamboat is moving smoke.

There is still damp clay on the table,

Rough, unformed lump.

An old woman at work

He sits low on a bench.

Clay Vyatka toy

Sculpting... no, not sculpting, but creating!

Nice painted toy!

All sings, artlessly bright,

And young joy is visible in it

Became an art of craft.

I wanted to tell you guys an amazing story today.

On the low bank of the Vyatka River there is an old settlement called Dymkovo. Here Russians craftswomen sculpted from red clay during long winter evenings various toys: horses, deer, birds, turkeys, young ladies. Look, blue smoke rises above each chimney. That is probably why they called the village Dymkovo, and the toys - Dymkovo

And let's take a look at one of the huts and see what they do there? Want to?

Children: Yes!

caregiver: Let's open the shutters.

(Teacher includes the following image- Dymkovo masters at work, painting toys)

caregiver: these craftswomen have already molded their wonderful toys from red clay, and then burned them in the oven so that they are durable and whitewashed with chalk.

I wonder what they are doing now, what do you think?

Children: They will decorate the toys.

caregiver: Right, but how did you guess that they would decorate them? What is on the table in front of the women? What are they holding in their hands?

On a snow-white background, which is so similar to the color of real snow, marvelous patterns of bright colors were drawn with love. paint: yellow, pink, orange, blue, red, green.

And the craftswomen drew a simple, unpretentious pattern of rings (the teacher shows each element on the card, circles, dots, wide and narrow multi-colored stripes.

What elements did the craftswomen draw, who remembered? (The teacher shows the cards again and helps the children name the elements of the pattern.)

caregiver: The craftswoman never invents a pattern in advance, it arises directly in the process of painting.

Now let's close the shutters. Let's not interfere anymore (screen turns off)

Guys, do you want to see what our craftswomen did?

Children: Yes!

caregiver: (Pulls out babysitter toys)

This is a Dymkovo nanny!

What a beautiful babysitter!

On the skirt of a white mug,

Nanny in the kokoshnik

In the hands of Senya and Vanya

The children will sleep soundly

And grow in a dream

(Pulls out next goat toy)

The sides are steep

Curly horns

Frilled hooves

On the back of Egor

(So way the teacher takes out a turkey, horse, lamb, deer)

The teacher offers:

Let's take a look at the Dymkovo animals first. How did you know that this is a horse, and this is a ram. Is that a deer? After all, they look alike. Look, all animals have the same legs, body, muzzle. All have patterns instead of wool. (Listen to children's answers). That's right, the Dymkovo masters singled out the most important thing for each animal. What makes him different from others. The horse has this steeply curved neck. Deer - what?

Children: branched horns.

caregiver:

What are the ram's horns?

Children:

Large, curved rings.

caregiver: And now let's see what patterns the toy is painted with? Which of them do you remember?

Children:

The horse is made of circles, the goat and ram are made of rings and circles, and the deer is made of stripes and circles.

caregiver:

What colors did the craftsmen use?

(If difficult, shows the children cards with pattern elements and helps to name)

What color are the patterns here?

What material is the nanny made of? (the teacher listens to the answers of the children, if necessary, clarifies and corrects with the help of leading questions to the children).

caregiver:

Seemingly simple pattern

But I can't look away

Look, guys, how lovingly decorated the outfit of this lady-dandy. What color did the artist paint the lady's hair?

Children: Black, red circles, yellow dots.

caregiver:

Can you tell me the big ones and the small ones? ( teacher takes a specific toy, children highlight large and small details).

How are the elements of the pattern arranged?

Children:

Rows ( teacher runs his finger along the row of rings and names the places. Where they pass on the body of an animal or a young lady (along the legs, neck, along the hem of the skirt)

caregiver:

What mood did this create for you? toy: sad or funny?

Children: the mood is cheerful, joyful.

caregiver: Why is it cheerful, joyful? What colors do the masters use when decorating these figurines?

(Children's answers. After which the teacher takes out a cockerel figurine)

caregiver:

Lively Petya-cockerel

Raises the comb

Screams loudly,

Children are not allowed to sleep

Cockerel, don't cry

You better catch up with us! (Held Russian folk game"Rooster)

(Children stand in a circle. A cockerel child in the center)

Drum-thump, thump-thump-thump, Children walk in a circle, raising their knees high, a rooster enters the yard, one side, "rooster" moves in the opposite direction.

Himself with spurs

Tail with patterns

Standing under the window

Screams all over the yard

Whoever hears, he sits (Children stop. "Cockerel" screaming: "Kukureku", flaps its wings. Children sit down.)

caregiver: And now I suggest that you turn into Dymkovo masters yourself for a while and decorate the napkin with Dymkovo painting, but first I suggest trying to lay out the pattern you like on the flannelgraph. (Children choose a pattern and lay out the same from the finished elements ( teacher comments on actions children: stripes alternate with circles). Next, the teacher demonstrates how to paint the napkin, reminds the colors and the name of the elements.

caregiver:

Now try decorating your napkins with a Dymkovo pattern, first we draw a straight line with black paint. Now we draw circles above it with red paint and put a yellow dot in the middle of each circle with a poke.

The teacher hangs the finished drawings on a magnetic board, along with children examine the work, note that the napkins turned out bright, festive. Once again they are fixed. That the pattern is arranged in rows.

Related publications:

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Synopsis of joint directly educational activities with children of the middle group "Tangle of Goodness" Alekseeva Svetlana Nikolaevna, educator of GBDOU d / s No. 52 of the Kolpinsky district of St. Petersburg. Synopsis of joint directly educational activities.

Synopsis of an integrated lesson on expanding ideas about folk crafts "I surrender to this beauty as a prisoner ..."(Based on the works of V. F. Bokov) Purpose: To expand the understanding of children about the diversity of folk crafts through the work of V. F. Bokov. Continue.

Summary of educational activities for the development of speech "Wild animals of Russian forests" (for children of the middle group ...) Summary of educational activities for the development of speech "Wild animals of Russian forests" (for children of the middle group) Educator: Gladkova.

Synopsis of the joint educational activities of the teacher with children "Journey through the country of courtesy" STUDY PROCESS: Children enter the hall. Educator: Guys, look how many guests we have today! Let's remember what kind of welcome.

To acquaint children with the history of the Dymkovo toy; Show the characteristic features of the painting of the Dymkovo toy; Learn to highlight the elements of the geometric pattern of Dymkovo painting (circles, straight and wavy lines, a cage, dots-peas). Develop aesthetic perception, a sense of rhythm, color. Cultivate love for the folk art of Russia

People lived in the same village. When it was cold outside and the winter frost bound the earth, stoves were lit in the houses, smoke shrouded the roofs, so much so that nothing could be seen. One smoke ... So they called that village Dymkovo. Adults worked in that village from morning until late in the evening: they dug the ground, cooked food, grazed cattle, and the children joked, played in the meadow, sang songs. They didn't have toys like you. And adults thought: how to please the kids. They collected clay from the river bank, fashioned various funny figures, burned them in an oven, covered them with chalk diluted in milk, and painted them with paints. For the “whistle” holiday, the masters of the Dymkovo settlement sculpted clay whistles in the form of horses, rams, goats, ducks. So Dymkovo toys appeared. Bright, cheerful, perky, these toys lead us to their own special, fabulously beautiful world.

Dymkovo toy handmade. Each creation of one master. From modeling to painting, the process is creative, never repeating. There are no and cannot be two identical products. Each toy is unique and unique. Clay for manufacturing was traditionally mined in the settlement of Dymkovo, which is on the low bank of the Vyatka River near the city of Kirov. The collected red clay in the settlement used to be chopped with a shovel, mixed with fine river sand - there is a huge river beach nearby. So, the clay, after mixing, was turned over many times, moistened with water. In the old days, they generally kneaded it with their feet. Now the craftswoman does not dig clay and does not knead it. The preparation of the material takes place by machine, in one of the ceramic industries. Clay comes to the workshops ready-made - polyethylene packages-briquettes of 10 kilograms.

Each toy, from a piece of clay to a finished sculpture, is made by one master. If earlier a craftswoman spent a lot of time preparing clay and whitewash, now more attention is paid to the process of modeling and painting toys. Pieces of clay are separated and rolled into balls. Separate parts of the toy are made from balls. The Dymkovo toy is different in that it is made not from one piece of clay, but from several. A ball of clay is rolled into a pancake, a cone is made from the pancake - the lady's skirt is ready. It is hollow inside with walls 4-6 mm thick. The walls of the cone are leveled by turning the workpiece in their hands. Then, moistening with water, attach sausage handles, a head ball. All from small pieces of clay. All the main elements of the toy are made first. All joints are smoothed with a damp cloth. It turns out like a single whole. Then they decorate the toy with details - a kokoshnik, a clutch, a handbag, a dog, pigtails, a hat, etc.

The molded workpiece is dried for 3-5 days, sometimes longer, in air. In the old days, the toy was fired in Russian ovens. They put it directly on the firewood, or on an iron baking sheet. The clay begins to warm up and soon becomes as if transparent - it glows with an even red color in the fire. This was the end of the firing process, and the toys slowly cooled in the extinct furnace. Now toys are fired in muffle furnaces at a temperature of more than 1000 degrees. This high temperature gives the clay even more strength. The ovens are quite large and toys are loaded in batches. Again, the craftswomen do not take away precious time for uncreative processes.

After the oven, the workpiece turns brown-red. For whitewashing in the old days they used a solution of chalk in milk - they dipped the whole toy. Milk turns sour on the surface and forms a strong bright film of casein glue. Whitewashing is a characteristic feature of the Dymkovo toy. Now whitening is done with the help of tempera white, which is applied with a brush. The final part of the process is painting. First, let's talk about the old traditional way of painting: Dry paints were rubbed with an egg, peroxide kvass or vinegar was added. The color scheme was not rich, only the main tones. Compositions from soot to magenta and chromium have been used. These paints seemed to give some of their color to the workpiece and sounded muffled. In the 20th century, they used gouache, also diluted on an egg. Now they use bright acrylic paints - very resistant.

Brushes are used mainly soft, of different sizes. Thin brushes allow the craftswoman to bring small details into the plot - this is not always good, as it leads to a glut of the plot. Pieces of gold leaf or gold leaf - a mixture of zinc and copper - are glued on top of the paint. They shine and give, together with bright colors, a dazzling charm to the Dymkovo toy.

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Card index of conversations

moral education

in children in the middle group

Why say "hello"?

Target: To form in children the basic rules of etiquette when meeting.Learn how to greet.To consolidate ideas about the importance and necessity of using "kind words" in colloquial speech, to arouse the desire to use them.

"My Good Deeds"

Target: deepen children's understanding of kindness as a valuable, inalienable quality of a person. Improve communication skills (the ability to listen to a friend, sincerely express one's opinion, show kindness to the judgments of other children), cultural communication skills with peers. Achieve friendly intonation expressiveness of speech. To instill in children friendly relationships, feelings of self-respect and respect for others, the ability and desire to help adults and peers.

"What is Kindness"

Target : To form an idea in children about kindness as an important human quality. Encourage the desire to do good deeds;to consolidate children's ideas about good deeds, to understand that polite words help people in communication. Develop moral ideas about kindness. Cultivate good feelings for the people around you.

"Hurry to do good"

Target : Continue acquaintance with the polar concepts of "good" and "evil". To form a conscious attitude to social norms of behavior, to consolidate the skills of benevolent behavior in everyday life. To introduce ways to resolve conflict associated with feelings of anger, as well as ways to manage and regulate mood. Continue to cultivate friendly relationships between children.

“If you are kind…”

Target : To form in children the need for friendly communication with others, to consciously show sympathy and do good deeds. To teach to understand the meanings of proverbs about goodness, the ability to associate the meaning of a proverb with a specific situation. Teach children to show kindness, responsiveness to all who need it.

"Polite Words"

Target : To teach children the rules of etiquette, the forms and techniques of communication when meeting with acquaintances and strangers, the rules for using words of greeting. To help overcome the shyness and stiffness of children. Develop the ability to express your opinion in a cultural way, listen carefully to your interlocutors. Teach formulas for expressing a polite request, gratitude.

"Accidentally and on purpose"

Target: develop moral feelings - regret, sympathy; to form game communication skills without hurting the interests of a partner.

"Learning to Forgive Your Friends"

Target : to develop the ability of children not to be offended by each other; to form the ability to distinguish an unintentional slip from an intentional one and respond accordingly; to bring children to the understanding of the words "peaceful", "touchy".

"Why do fights happen?"

Target : to form communication skills in children; develop an understanding of the meaning of the norms and rules of behavior among peers; Cultivate the habit of behaving with dignity in every situation.

"Dreamers and Liars"

Target : to develop the ability to distinguish between deception and fiction, fantasy; develop the desire for truthfulness and tact.

" Let's make it up "

Target : develop the ability to restrain negative impulses, avoid conflicts, find words to evaluate behavior. Teach children to be receptive and sensitive.

"A good friend is known in need"

Target : to form the idea that a true friend can empathize, help in difficult times; develop the ability to be merciful to each other.

"How to behave during a conversation"

Target : introduce children to the rules of behavior during a conversation.

(Speak in a polite tone. Use "magic" words. Look into the face of the interlocutor. Do not keep your hands in your pockets. During the conversation, you should not eat. If two adults are talking, the child should not interfere in their conversation, much less demand that it be stopped) .

"Kind angry"

Target : To teach to give a moral assessment of the actions of heroes, to cultivate a desire to be kind and humane. Help to understand that one can call kind a person who always helps others, does not remain indifferent in difficult situations for other people.

To teach to distinguish good deeds, to arouse the desire to do good deeds in relation to other people.

"Truthfulness"

Target : To form ideas about the moral concept of "truthfulness", to teach to give a moral assessment of the hero's act, to help understand that a lie does not adorn a person.

"What a friend should be"

Target: To form ideas about positive character traits and moral deeds, to deepen ideas about friendship.To cultivate respect, patience and friendliness towards their comrades, to teach them to correct their mistakes, to ask for forgiveness in conflict situations. Teach children to be receptive and sensitive.

17

"Be neat and tidy"

Target: Teach children to take care of their appearance. Help to understand that a well-mannered person always looks neat.

18

"Truth is not true"

Target: Explain to children that you can’t deceive others, that you always need to tell the truth, that truthfulness and honesty always please adults, that these qualities are very much appreciated in a person, that they praise the truth.Help the children understand that any untruth is always revealed, and the person who lied feels guilty not only for his misconduct, but also for the fact that he told a lie.

19

"Goodwill"

Target:continue to educate in children a negative attitude towards rudeness. Explain to the children that the one who teases not only offends others, but also harms himself (no one wants to be friends with such a person).

20

"Games Without Quarrels"

Target: Explain to children that a quarrel interferes with play and friendship.Learn to resolve controversial issues, avoid quarrels, do not get angry at a loss, do not tease the loser ..

21

"Politeness"

Target: To teach children to use polite words, develop appropriate cultural behavior skills, follow the rules of etiquette, using the example of literary characters, stimulate positive forms of behavior and inhibit negative ones. That you need to communicate with others calmly, without shouting, that you should express your requests in a polite tone.

22

"Thrift"

Target:Teach children to treat things carefully and carefully, otherwise they will quickly lose their appearance and become unusable. To teach to appreciate the work of those who made this thing, who bought it, earning money.

23

"Mutual Aid"

Purpose: To explain to children that all people sometimes need support, but not everyone can ask for help; It is very important to notice the person who needs help and help him. That you need to help not only acquaintances, but also strangers.

24

"Desire to Help"

Target: Develop emotional responsiveness, a desire to help, showing sympathy. Teach children to be receptive and sensitive.

25

"Generosity and Greed"

Target: To reveal the meaning of the concepts of "greed" and "generosity". Develop the ability to evaluate your attitude to positive and negative actions. Understand that being greedy is bad, but generous is good.

26

"Why you need to be able to give in"

Target: to teach children to avoid quarrels, to yield and negotiate with each other. Develop the ability to evaluate your attitude to positive and negative actions.

27

"Stairs of Kindness"

Target: based on the content of Russian folk tales, to form in children an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bjustice, courage, modesty and kindness, to cultivate a negative attitude towards negative qualities: lies, cunning, cowardice, cruelty. Learn to convey your attitude to the content of the tale and the actions of the characters.

28

"It's better to be kind"

Target: To give children an idea of ​​​​an indifferent, indifferent person, his actions. To teach children to distinguish the external manifestation of an emotional state (anger, indifference, joy). To teach to analyze actions, find the cause of the conflict, ways to resolve conflict situations and promote their assimilation in behavior. Generalize the idea of ​​kindness and cause the desire to do good deeds.

Larisa Belyaeva

Target: to form an idea in children about Russian folk crafts (Gzhel, Khokhloma, Gorodets painting, Dymkovo toy).

Integration of educational areas:"Cognition", "Communication", "Artistic creativity", "Music".

Equipment: a laptop, a flash drive with a presentation of illustrations of elements of folk crafts painting (see the appendix, souvenirs (objects): Gzhel, Khokhloma, with elements of Gorodets and Dymkovo painting.

Preliminary work: conversations about Russian folk crafts, examination of products, illustrations depicting Russian folk crafts, plasticineography "Decorate the kokoshnik", modeling with coloring elements "Oleshek" (based on the Dymkovo painting, coloring on the topic: "Folk crafts".

Progress of joint activities:

The Russian folk song "Quadrille" sounds.

Educator: Guys, who came to visit us? (Slide show with Matryoshkas).

They are very interested, do you know any folk art crafts in Russia? (Of course we know). Look, some unusual box appeared in our group. This Matryoshka sent you a gift!

The teacher opens the Gzhel slide, then the painting elements.

Educator: Who knows what this painting is called? (This is a Gzhel painting, only blue, blue and white are used in this painting). Well done guys, Gzhel is a rich Russian folk craft for the production of ceramics and a type of Russian folk painting. Until the middle of the 18th century, Gzhel made the usual pottery for that time, let's help me find a gift from Gzhel masters in a box.

One of the children chooses a souvenir with Gzhel painting.

The teacher opens the Khokhloma slide.

Educator: Who knows what kind of painting this is? Why do you think so? What colors are used in painting? (This painting is called Khokhloma, one of the types of painted wooden utensils). This mural uses red, green and gold tones on a black background. And it also happens - "golden Khokhloma" is made in the city of Semyonov, Nizhny Novgorod region, here there will be a basis for painting - a golden background or a golden ornament on a colored background. (Slide "Golden Khokhloma"). Let's see the elements of Khokhloma painting (See next slide). What drawing is the basis of the painting? (Natural, vegetable). Let's find a gift from Khokhloma masters in the box. Find a souvenir spoon.

Who knows what this painting is called, why do you think so? (Answers of children).

Educator: Gorodets painting is distinguished, first of all, by its content. In the murals, genre scenes give the main impression. Let's look at the main elements of painting. What paints do folk craftsmen use, what kind of drawing? (Answers of children). Who wants to help find a gift from Gorodets craftsmen?

A child comes out, finds a spoon in the box.

Fizminutka "Dymkovo toys".

We are painted toys

Vyatka laughers,

Slobodskie dandies,

Posad gossips.

We have pretzel pens

Cheeks like apples.

Have known us for a long time

All the people at the fair.

Children pronounce words and accompany the text with movements.

Educator: What other toys do you think Matryoshka has prepared for us from craftsmen? (Slide "Dymkovo toy"). Does anyone know what this toy is called? (Answers of children). That's right, the Dymkovo toy is a symbol of the Kirov region, emphasizing its rich and ancient history. It is molded from clay, then dried and fired in a kiln. After that, it is painted by hand, each time creating a unique copy. No two toys are the same. Let's look at the elements of Dymkovo painting.

They examine, discuss, then the child chooses a Dymkovo toy from the box.

Educator: Did you like Russian folk art crafts? What do you remember the most? Let's create a mini museum of "Folk Art" in our group.

Related publications:

Every year on May 18, International Museum Day is celebrated in more than 150 countries. A museum is a way of preserving cultural values, transferring them.

Synopsis of the GCD "Folk art crafts-clothes designers" State budgetary preschool educational institution Kindergarten No. 102 of the Kalininsky district of St. Petersburg Joint activities.

Purpose: To continue to acquaint children with the culture and traditions of the Russian people. Tasks: to consolidate the ability to carry out game actions in speech.

Mini-project "Folk crafts" Purpose: To give children ideas about the cultural heritage of their native land and oral folk art. Tasks: To acquaint children with household items.

The purpose of the conversation: To continue to acquaint children with the folk crafts of their native land. Cultivate a respectful attitude towards various types of work, to.