What is meant by a single mother. State guarantees for single mothers. Other social guarantees for single mothers

The law provides for some benefits for single mothers. Special support measures are designed to help women who are raising children on their own, not only provide for babies, but also competently build relationships with the employer.

Single mother: who belongs to this category?

In everyday life, many women are called single mothers in our country. However, legally this term is not applicable to everyone. It is worth noting that not every mother who is not officially married to the father of her child can receive single status and, accordingly, the required benefits.

If the baby's birth certificate does not contain information about the father, then the mother is considered single. Interestingly, in this case, a woman can even be married or live together with a man (it does not matter whether her chosen one is the biological father of the child or not). But there is one important nuance here: in order to maintain her position as a single mother, she must marry after the birth of the baby. If a woman marries, waiting for replenishment in the family, then the registry office will record her husband as the father of the child automatically, regardless of whether they are biologically related. Such a decision of the registry office can only be challenged in court.

So, a certificate confirming the position of a single mother is issued if:

the child was born out of wedlock and the fact of paternity was not officially recognized;
the child was adopted by an unmarried woman;
paternity was disputed by a court decision (this rule also works in cases where a child was born either in marriage or after a divorce; it is important to know that if 300 days have not passed since the official breakup of the family until the birth of the baby, he will be automatically recorded as a man ).

Who can't take advantage of the benefits?

A woman will not be able to claim the relevant benefits under the following circumstances.

"Advantages and disadvantages"

Getting the status of a single mother, you need to know about the consequences of this decision.

Of the positive aspects, in addition to the state security that is required by law, one can single out the fact that the mother can freely travel with the baby and even leave the country - for this she does not need official permission from the father of the child. Also, the biological father will not be able to demand alimony from his son or daughter for his maintenance in case of old age or disability, or create obstacles if the new spouse wants to adopt the child.

However, when deciding to take advantage of state benefits, it is important to remember that in this case, she and her child also lose the right to alimony and inheritance of the property of the biological father.

How to get the status of a single mother?

If the “mother + child” family meets all of the above criteria to receive the appropriate benefits, then the registry office of the applicant should issue a unified certificate of form No. 25. This document confirms that the baby does not officially have a dad.

the above certificate in form No. 25 (or a document confirming the status of a single mother in a judicial proceeding);
baby's birth certificate;
applicant's passport;
a certificate confirming that the child lives with his mother, and not with his father or other relatives;
certificates in the form of 2-personal income tax, confirming the income of a woman.

Also, the mother will need to write a corresponding application.

Within a month from the date of submission of documents, the applicant will be given an answer whether she can acquire the status of a single mother. If the decision is positive, she will receive a certificate confirming her rights to benefits and benefits.

If the social protection authorities decide not to issue this document to the mother, she will receive a notification with the reasoning for the refusal. Civil servants can refuse to obtain the status of a single mother if the information provided by the woman turns out to be unreliable or she marries and the new spouse adopts a child.

If a woman who is a single mother is denied benefits without giving reasons, the applicant has every right to file a complaint with the court.

List of benefits for single mothers

A mother who raises children on her own is entitled to a certain list of benefits.

Reimbursement for the cost of baby food (paid during the first 36 months of a child's life).
For a small family member, an envelope, linen, clothes, food from the dairy kitchen (issued up to 2 years old), as well as essential medicines are provided. Assistance is provided by the social protection authorities until the child's 3rd birthday.
Physiotherapy (massage) on the basis of the district clinic.
The possibility of treating a baby in a sanatorium or dispensary.
Two free meals a day for schoolchildren in the dining room of an educational institution.
Although the status itself does not give a single mother any special privileges when purchasing housing (the exception is those who are raising a disabled child), she retains the right to participate in preferential housing programs (if the mother is under 35 years old).

"Working" benefits

Of particular note are the benefits that a single mother will receive at work.

Advice
Do not be afraid to defend your rights, competently referring to the relevant articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation

Child benefits

In addition to benefits, a woman has the right to claim a number of financial benefits (the amount of material assistance varies in different regions).

Advice
A single mother practically does not have special monetary benefits at the federal level, but you need to know what payments she is entitled to by law.

It should be noted that from February 2018, child benefits will be indexed and will increase by 3.2%.

Regional benefits

In addition to federal benefits, in the regions of Russia, single mothers are provided with additional types of social benefits. For example:

allowances for children under 16;
surcharge if the kids do not go to kindergarten (relevant for regions where there is an acute shortage of places in preschool institutions, however, if the parent himself refuses kindergarten services, he is not entitled to payment);
specially allocated funds for single mothers with many children;
“discounts” on utility bills;
assistance in buying school uniforms and others.

So, in Moscow there are a number of benefits provided for by the capital's social program. Muscovites raising children without a father are entitled to compensation for regional price increases: for mothers, the amount of the payment will be 750 rubles, and they will receive another 675 rubles to pay for food for a baby under 3 years old. In addition, those who have a capital residence permit, whose income does not exceed 1.5 times the subsistence level, can count on an additional payment of 15,000 rubles until the baby is 3 years old. For a child aged 3 years and up to the age of majority, the amount of the payment will be 6,000 rubles.

From the budget of the Kursk region, mothers-students receive 900 rubles of material assistance every month. In the Omsk region, student families (as well as single mothers receiving education) are allocated 500 rubles each.

The authorities of the Samara region pay single parents with many children, as well as mothers with disabilities, 1,000 rubles each to send their children to school. In addition, the region provides a one-time allowance for the birth of twins (50,000 rubles) and triplets (350,000 rubles).

In some regions, the so-called one-time "governor's payments" for the birth of even one child, regardless of family composition, have been preserved.

These are just a few examples of regional assistance for single mothers.

Advice
Specify the types and amounts of regional payments in the social security authority - even in neighboring regions, these types of support for single mothers may vary.

One of the most relevant benefits is the priority enrollment of the baby in kindergarten, as well as a discount on kindergarten fees. According to part 6, the procedure for obtaining this compensation is also established by the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Of course, in this case we are talking about state preschool educational institutions, and not private kindergartens. Most often, in practice, such assistance is received by families with many children or those whose income is below the subsistence level.

For more information about these payments (they may differ in different regions) and how to get them, you need to find out from the local administration or social security authorities.

tax deductions

One of the common measures of financial support for an incomplete family is enshrined in tax legislation: an officially employed single mother can receive tax deductions. This right is enshrined in, which also states that deductions are provided to the single parent in double the amount. At the same time, the total annual income of a single mother should not exceed 350,000 rubles. To receive the payment, she should contact the accounting department of the employing company.

Help for mothers raising children with disabilities

Raising children with disabilities is not an easy task for mothers who do not receive male assistance. But the state does not leave these incomplete families alone with their problems. Thus, appropriate pensions are established for children with disabilities. They can also be provided (at the choice of parents) with monthly cash payments or social service packages (this package includes medicines, spa treatment and free travel to and from the place of medical care). In turn, parents or guardians are entitled to child care allowances. When transferring a baby with special needs to a new family, an increased lump-sum allowance is paid.

The first step to obtain the appropriate benefits is to contact the institution of medical and social expertise (ITU), which issues a conclusion for subsequent application to the Pension Fund. More on this in . It will also be useful for single mothers to familiarize themselves with the provisions.

It is worth noting that maternity capital funds can be spent on the rehabilitation and social adaptation of children with serious health problems. A list of 48 items that this money can be used to pay for is given in.

In addition to the expanded list of "labor" benefits, single mothers caring for children with disabilities are accrued additional seniority (), which means they may be given the opportunity to retire early.

It should be remembered that the legislative framework that provides support for single mothers and single-parent families is constantly changing - acts and orders are amended, and benefits are indexed. In order to learn about these changes and be able to apply for certain benefits on time, single mothers need not only to follow legislative changes, but also seek advice from local social security authorities.

The status of a single mother in the modern world has ceased to shock young women. In this regard, all over the world the number of women on their own, without the help of men raising children, is growing.

Many of them are in great need, and here the state comes to their aid, which not only helps financially (for example, in, but also protects the interests of women in many social spheres.

But in order to use this help, you should study your rights.

Who is eligible to be a single mother

For women who raise children without husbands, the state pays an allowance. But in order to be able to use them, you should know your rights. First of all, let's consider who is legally classified as a single mother. Namely, women:

who gave birth to a baby in marriage or after 300 days after the dissolution of the marriage, but did not establish paternity;
who gave birth without being married;
unmarried, who took a child in an orphanage;
if the paternity of the child is not established as expected, this can be done both voluntarily and in court;
having a record of the father in the child's documents, but in fact paternity has not been established.

“Lawyers advise not to enter the name of the father in the documents of the child if the parents do not have the desire to raise him together. This will help in the future to avoid many problems in the preparation of official documents.

Many mothers, in the absence of a spouse, have problems with paperwork if they indicate the name of the father in the birth certificate. For example, when crossing the border, you need to have the permission of the father, when registering, when applying for benefits, etc. Therefore, one should think carefully and decide: maybe it would be better to leave the father empty if the father does not participate in the fate of the child?

How to draw up paperwork for obtaining the status of a single mother

Documents should be issued at the place of residence in the department of social protection. Paper processing time is usually 30 days. If a woman works, then she submits papers to the accounting department at her enterprise. The package of documents includes:

statement;
a certificate from the registry office (form 25) and a birth certificate (if it was issued at the time of filing the documents);
mother's work book;
passport;
income statement (for the last 3 months).

It looks like a sample form number 25

It should be remembered that in the event of the death of a spouse or divorce, a woman does not fall under the category of a single mother. And he cannot qualify for increased payments and additional regional benefits for a mother raising a child alone.

What can give the status of a single mother

A woman who finds herself in a difficult situation due to the refusal of her father from a child should know all the subtleties of the status of a single mother.

Some positives:

receiving small but stable tax and labor benefits;
some benefits when enrolling in kindergarten and school;
no need to have the permission of the father of the child some of the actions a mother needs to take.

That is, the permission of the father is not required in the following cases:

when applying for benefits as a single mother, you do not need a certificate stating that the father did not receive benefits;
do not need permission to leave;
when registering a child at the address of the mother;
when receiving various benefits and certificates;
when children are adopted by a new pope;
there is practically no chance for the father to sue the child;
the father will not be able in the future to force the child on the basis of kinship to support and care for him, to demand alimony.

In our country, many still condemn women for wanting to have a child without a father, for not wanting to live with the father of a child. It is believed that let a bad father, but he is.

Disadvantages of being a single mom:

a woman whose father did not recognize the child is not entitled to alimony. But, since many men try to indicate the minimum income, it is not worth counting on a large amount of alimony;
if the father did not recognize the child, then he will not be able to claim the inheritance. But, if the relationship between them is good, the lack of recognition of paternity will not prevent the father from passing on the inheritance to the child;
the absence of a father in the family can become a difficult psychological moment in the relationship between mother and child.

What kind of assistance from the state can a single mother count on in 2018

Benefits

In addition to mandatory payments, single mothers are not entitled to any other benefits. But some regions use their right to make an independent decision in this matter and assign some financial assistance to single mothers. In addition, for women raising children without a father, the very procedure for obtaining benefits has been simplified.

Maternity allowance

Only a woman who has gone to work or is fired due to the liquidation of a company, who has filed an application for registration with an employment center within a year, is entitled to such payments. Other mothers are not entitled to these payments, since they are, in a way, compensation for wages not received by a woman during the period of bearing a child and caring for him after birth.

BiR cash payments are paid to mothers:

working as civilian personnel in Russian military units in foreign countries;
in military service under contract.

This group of citizens must provide an application and a certificate from the hospital, where the doctor is required to indicate the exact gestational age. These benefits are paid at the place of work, study, from the Social Insurance Fund at the place of residence or service.

Payouts:

for those who registered up to 12 weeks, an additional payment is due to the maternity benefit. In 2017, it is equal to 613.14 rubles, and from the beginning of February 2018 - 632.76 rubles;
maternity allowance is received for the actual time. Usually this period occurs at 7 months (30 weeks) or with premature birth (22-30 weeks). But there are exceptions, for example, if the birth of twins is expected (28 weeks), or for beneficiaries (Chernobyl victims - 27 weeks). The grant must be issued within 6 months.

These payments are based on 100% of the average income for the last 2 years of work(prior to pregnancy) multiplied by the days spent by the woman on maternity leave. Leave is:

normal pregnancy and childbirth - 70 days before (for standard pregnancy) + 70 days after = 140 days of general leave;
in case of complications during childbirth, we add 86 days after childbirth to the standard number of days before childbirth. Total 156 vacation days;
at the birth of twins, 84 days before and after another 110 days are taken. Total 194 days;
when adopting children (infant under 3 months), the mother has the right to leave from the moment of his adoption. For one child, it will be 70 days, for twins - 110 days.

The amount of the benefit in 2018 with 140 days of vacation cannot be less than 43,615.65 rubles and more than 282,106.70 rubles.

To obtain, you need to provide sick leave from the clinic and write an application. In some cases, they may be required to bring a certificate of income (182n), an extract from the work book. In case of reduction from the main place of work, it is required to bring a certificate from the employment service. They may also require a certificate of non-receipt of benefits at the place of permanent residence, if the mother lives elsewhere.

Various regions, in addition to these payments, provide women with cash assistance. For example, the unemployed, disabled people of groups 1 and 2, university graduates in Chuvashia are paid 326 rubles for a full month of pregnancy (starting from the 12th week), in Volgograd a poor mother can receive 500 rubles a month during pregnancy, etc.

Lump sum payments for a single mother

At the birth of children

When a baby is born, the mother receives a one-time assistance from the state in the amount of 16,873.54 rubles. In the case of twins - for each child separately. But if a dead baby is born, no payment is made.

This allowance must be issued within 6 months after the birth of children in the social security service at the place of residence, in the Social Insurance Fund or at work.

Required to provide:

statement;
certificate from the hospital;
mother's pension insurance certificate;
a certificate certifying that the mother and child live together;
identity document and its copy;
if mom worked, then an extract from her work book (where exactly did she work the last time);
a certificate from social security, indicating that such a payment was not issued.

In addition, lump sums include benefits issued when a child is transferred to a new family (upon adoption). A single woman can take a child up to the age of 18. At the same time, she receives the status of a single mother. The allowance in 2018 is 16,873.54 rubles. If they want to adopt a child over 7 years old, several children (brothers, sisters) or a disabled child, the amount will be 128,927.58 rubles.

In addition to the documents listed above, an agreement with the guardianship authorities or a court decision (but only that has entered into force) should be attached. Submit data no later than 6 months.

Maternal capital

Similar payments are due, among others, to single mothers with two or more children. In 2018, the capital is 453,026 rubles.

Documents are submitted to the pension fund (at the place of registration of the mother). In addition to the documents provided with a lump sum payment, an application for a certificate and birth certificates of other children should be attached.

The certificate can be used for:

housing improvement. Buy an apartment or other type of property for living, pay off a loan for housing. Repair (with the condition of increasing the quadrature) old housing or build a new one. Compensation for building a house, equity participation in construction, etc. is possible;
for education. Payment for accommodation in a hostel. Payment for kindergarten or educational institution services;
accumulation of the mother's pension;
payment for the social adaptation of a disabled child (purchase of technical equipment or the cost of paying for services).

You can spend money (with the exception of some cases) only when the child reaches 3 years.

Monthly allowance for single mothers

When a child is born, not all women are able to go to work. Everyone's reasons are different. In some cases, the mother had a hard time giving birth, in others the child was born weak or injured during childbirth, thirdly, the adopted child requires a lot of attention and warmth from the new mother at first and for other reasons. In all cases, the state provides for those able to financially support mothers.

Benefit for caring for a child up to 1.5 years

Both working mothers who have gone to work and the unemployed are entitled to receive this allowance. Only the amounts differ. Submit documents for accrual or in. Namely:

statement;
identification;
birth certificate of the child;
extract from the work book about the last place of work;
a copy of the dismissal order from the last place of work indicated in the extract from the work book;
calculation of benefits for pregnancy and childbirth, if issued;
information about the composition of the family.

The amount of the benefit depends on the mother's income before pregnancy. For unemployed and low-income single mothers the amount of the allowance will be 3163.79 rubles. If there are more children, then the amount increases to .

“It should be remembered that if a woman wants to go to work before the child reaches 1.5 years old, she loses the right to receive a monthly allowance.”

Accrual starts from the moment the maternity leave ends. In the event that the rights to additional measures of state support from the mother are terminated, the right of maternity capital can be used by children (in equal shares) until they reach 23 years of age.

Benefit for caring for a child up to 3 years

Unfortunately, so far the legislation has not amended the Law, and therefore it is now only provided for. It is only 50 rubles per month.

Benefit for a child up to 14 years

Since 2016, and single mothers have become eligible for. They are paid no more than once a quarter. This benefit, among others, can be received by a mother raising a child alone, and it does not matter if she has a job or not. Documents should be submitted to the Department of Social Security:

statement;
passport;
birth certificate of children (for guardians, a document confirming the right of guardianship);
information about the composition of the family;
a copy of the work book and a certificate of income from the tax office for the past year;
if the mother works, a salary certificate.

The amount of the allowance varies depending on the region and ranges from 500 to 1300 rubles per month.

Child allowance (from 16 to 18 years old)

These payments are usually accrued to low-income families for children studying full-time, as well as to single mothers. The package of documents is the same as for receiving payments for children under 14 years old. The allowance ranges from 150 to 1000 rubles per month.

Benefits for disabled children

In addition, mothers up to 18 years of age are paid 5500 rubles monthly. In this case, a certificate of MSEC, which establishes the disability group, is required to be attached to the package of documents. Payments are made only to children of the 1st disability group.

The certificate should be updated every 3 years.

Benefits for Chernobyl survivors

It is necessary to take into account the payments due to single mothers living in the Chernobyl zone. Since 2016, innovations have been adopted regarding the terms of residence in such a territory. So, the minimum stay is set:

for zones with special economic conditions - 4 years;
for the zone of residence in which people receive the right to resettlement - 3 years;
for resettlement zones - 1 year.

Women living in such territories have the right to:

receive additional days of maternity leave (plus 20 calendar days);
additional cash benefit when a woman registers - 130 rubles;
Every month, children receive compensation for food costs:
schoolchild - from 35 to 180 rubles;
child in kindergarten - 180 rubles;
for food from the dairy kitchen, up to 3 years. In the amount of 230 rubles during the first year and 200 rubles in subsequent years.
monthly payments for child care, in addition to the usual payments to mothers, 3,000 rubles per child until they reach 1.5 years and 6,000 rubles up to 3 years.

Other benefits and compensations

And, of course, it is worth mentioning the compensation of payment for kindergartens to those who were lucky enough to get into them. To do this, in addition to the standard package of documents, you should attach an application for compensation, data on the bank account.

It should be remembered that it is impossible to receive money and pay for the kindergarten with it, since this is precisely the payment compensation. Therefore, you should first actually pay for the services of the kindergarten and only after that receive the due amount of compensation on your account, card or passbook. It depends on the number of children in the family, the actual payment for kindergarten services, as well as the established benefits in the area.

The minimum payout is:

for the first child in the family -20%;
on the second - 50% of the amount actually paid;
for subsequent children - 70%.

In some regions, it is allowed to compensate for visiting private gardens. However, due to the fact that the budget is unlikely to be able to pay even 20% of the cost of a private garden, it is allowed to take an amount equal to the average payment in a public garden for compensation. Those. mother will receive 20% or more (depending on the number of children) of the average cost of a public kindergarten. Attendance at music, art and sports schools is not subject to compensation, but in some regions they provide a discount of up to 30%.

Benefits for single mothers

Labor law

The benefits provided to single mothers at work are set aside so that she can spend more time with her child. They may be provided in kind or in cash.

In-kind benefits represent some relief in work schedules and working conditions.

A woman with a child under the age of 5 may refuse to work at night (from 10 pm to 6 am). But only if she was not accepted for a position with the condition to work at that particular time of day.
Women with children under the age of 3 cannot be sent on business trips. And also involve in work overtime (in addition, on holidays and weekends). But only if she herself did not agree to work in these conditions.
A single mother has the right to apply for a part-time job. But only if the child is not yet 14 years old, and the disabled child is 18 years old. By agreement of the parties, it is possible to temporarily reduce the work schedule or indefinitely.
The employer is obliged to provide (but only if it is provided for by the collective agreement) 14 days of unpaid leave. A single mother has the right to it until the child reaches the age of 14 years.
For single mothers with a disabled child, 4 additional days off per month are paid by the employer. They are provided on any days that are convenient for her and are not transferred to the next month.

Every mother raising a child on her own should know her rights and be able to use them. This also applies to layoffs.

Dismissing a single mother with a child under 14 is strictly prohibited, and in the case of a disabled child - up to 18 years. But it should be remembered that one should not abuse one's position.

Cases when a single mother can be fired single but they exist and should be known. So, for example, a single mother is subject to dismissal if:

the company is subject to liquidation;
a woman periodically admits non-fulfillment of labor obligations, especially if there are documented penalties;
gross violation of duties, even a single one (theft, disclosure of secrets, an accident due to violation of labor protection rules, unjustified absenteeism, etc.);
when applying for a job, papers were provided that did not correspond to reality;
an immoral act was committed that cannot be combined with her work duties and other similar offenses.

However, if a woman believes that the charges against her are unfounded, must be sued immediately. Then a single mother, in case of an acquittal, can count on reinstatement and compensation for days of forced absence from work.

tax incentives

Single mothers receive a double tax deduction, i.e. the amount of actual earnings received on hand increases. What is a tax deduction? When calculating salaries, taxes are withheld from it, including personal income tax.

By law, the amount of income from which this tax is withheld can be reduced and, accordingly, the amount of actual wages received can be increased. In 2017, the amount deductible from taxable income for single mothers raising children under 18 years of age, or up to 24 years of age in the case of full-time studies, is:

for the first two children - 2800 rubles;
on subsequent - 6000 rubles;
for a disabled child - 24,000 rubles.

But this tax benefit is valid only until the mother's annual income exceeds 350 thousand rubles. After that, personal income tax will be charged in full.

The package of documents is the same as when receiving other benefits and benefits.

Other benefits

The right to use the milk kitchen for free until the child is 2 years old, and to receive sets of linen for the baby is granted.
Children of mothers raising children without a husband have the right to receive vouchers to camps and sanatoriums free of charge.
The ability to buy medicines at a big discount.
Children have the right to receive free school meals.
The mother does not pay cleaning services and garbage collection for children under 1.5 years old.
Children in the clinic are required to do massage out of turn and free of charge.

“Payment for sick leave (due to a child’s illness) is made in the usual manner by the FSS, depending on the age of the child. There are no benefits in this case for a single mother.”

Housing for single mothers

A woman who has the status of a single person can apply for an apartment from the state for free. But on the same grounds as ordinary families. Unfortunately, mothers who raise a child on their own do not have any special conditions upon receiving free housing.

They can use several options for obtaining an apartment:

. It is valid until 2020. Mothers whose age has not yet reached 35 years old can take part in it. This program provides cash assistance in the amount of 35% of the cost of housing. It can be spent on buying, building a home, repaying a loan, or making a home payment. But it is necessary to clarify the conditions for obtaining, as they may differ in different regions;
program "Housing for the Russian family". Allows you to get a mortgage on an apartment in new buildings. Housing under such programs is called "economy class apartments";
take out a mortgage with a reduced interest rate, i.e. state-supported mortgage.

Based on practice, even if all possible subsidies are received, not every single mother will be able to buy her own housing. And it’s not worth even hoping to get free at the present time, not even all large families have their own housing, laid down by the law on square meters, to say nothing of the rest.

But if, nevertheless, the mother wants to stand in line for receiving living space from the state, she must first submit an application. It should be remembered that the mother and the child must have Russian citizenship. If during the check it turns out that the mother has no other housing, that she lives in the territory of this area for a strictly established time, then she will be allowed to participate in real estate acquisition programs.

Then you should wait for the commission, which will check the conditions in which the mother and child live. After that, you need to be patient and wait for the housing commission to make its decision. It's best to come in sometimes and clarify whether a decision has been made regarding your particular issue. The document will be issued if the commission determines that:

the living space does not meet the standards per person for the territory of the area;
unsanitary living conditions are observed;
the family lives in a communal apartment;
mother and child live next to a dangerously ill person.

After receiving permission from the commission, you must stand in line for housing.

However, that's not all. A woman raising a child alone is required to have an income that allows her to repay the loan. For example, a mother and one child must have an income of at least 21,621 rubles.. In addition, you need to prepare money for a down payment from personal savings.

But even if the mother manages to get all the papers, it is not a fact that she will receive a mortgage. This is because many regions are curtailing housing programs due to the crisis.

Women who have taken the courage to raise a child without the participation of a father are in constant need of help. Many supporting programs, financial and social, are provided by the state, but due to the crisis, many of these programs, payments and benefits are being reduced. Therefore, many women themselves have to cope with financial difficulties.

But it is equally important to change the attitude towards single mothers. Be more tolerant and understanding, remember that in our time it is quite difficult to raise a child without the help of a father. Therefore, it is necessary to help and protect these brave women who continue to raise children even in such difficult conditions and at the same time manage to develop and make a career.

Last modified: January 2019

Single mothers are called parents who take full care of the child. This status means that they do not have not only a husband who takes care of the family, but also the father of the children, on whom maintenance obligations could be imposed. He is either not initially indicated in the child's certificate, or the citizen entered there disputes his paternity. In any case, a woman raises a child without the participation of his second parent. What benefits and allowances does a single mother receive? What's new in 2019, will there be an increase in child benefits?

Since it is not easy to raise a child alone, the state provides single mothers with a variety of assistance. But, basically, one more status is needed to obtain it -.

A single mother can count on assistance in providing housing if two conditions are met:

her family is officially recognized as poor;
she does not have a home - neither owned nor rented, or it needs improvement (dilapidated, dilapidated, too small, etc.).

Also, a woman has the right to count on free housing if she herself or one of her children has a disability due to a disease in which additional living space or even a separate room is required. The list of such serious illnesses is approved by the Government. The current list of ailments that give the right to additional square meters is contained in the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 991n dated November 30, 2012.

In addition to this list, there is another one - indicating diseases in the presence of which cohabitation with their carrier is impossible (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 987 of November 29, 2012). If a single mother with children is forced to live with a person suffering from these diseases, for example, with a grandmother or brother, then she will also be put on a preferential line for housing. These diseases include, in particular:

tuberculosis of various forms;
epilepsy with regular seizures;
gangrene of the upper or lower extremities;
fistulas in the genitourinary system that cannot be corrected surgically;
severe mental disorders.

If someone in the family of a single mother has similar ailments, then she receives housing on an extraordinary basis. Also, out of turn, an apartment is provided to those whose occupied premises are recognized as unfit for habitation and beyond repair. This is possible, for example, after an explosion or collapse of a house.

To get in line, you should contact the housing committee or the local administration department. A single mother writes a statement where she asks to be registered and indicates the reason why this should be done. Attached to the application are documents confirming:

the identity and status of the applicant;
composition and income of the family;
the need to improve housing conditions;
special circumstances (such as a child's disability)

Affordable housing is provided to a single mother under a social contract of employment. However, you can stand in the preferential queue for decades, as the state promotes it based on its resources. Therefore, single mothers with a sufficient level of income often prefer to solve problems with housing through a mortgage. For a bank, this is a very reliable client, since it is difficult to fire a single parent. Loss of work, if she already has one, which means insolvency on a loan, threatens her less often than other clients.

Low-income single mothers can get a mortgage on preferential terms. Thus, by becoming members of the "Housing" program, they can count on partial repayment of the debt or down payment through government subsidies. If the mother is not older than 35 years old, she has the right to take part in. It also involves state co-financing of expenses for the purchase of an apartment or other housing.

Payment of utilities

Utility bill preferences are mandatory for low-income families. If a family with a single parent is forced to spend more than the limit percentage of total income on utility bills, it is eligible for a subsidy. Each region sets the maximum allowable value independently, but it cannot be more than 22% of the total income of family members. If a single mother notices that the rent costs exceed this figure, she is fully eligible to apply for a subsidy.

But even if the costs of housing and communal services are below the 22% level and are difficult for the family, it makes sense for a woman to apply to the social protection authorities. Many constituent entities of the Russian Federation have set a lower limit for eligibility for a utility subsidy. For example, in the capital it is provided to families who pay for utilities more than 10% of their total income, and in the Ulyanovsk region - in excess of 18%.

When applying for a subsidy, it should be remembered that even a family with a very low income will be denied it if there is a rent arrears.

At the regional level, the authorities have the right to introduce additional fees for housing and communal services. Therefore, a complete list of communal "privileges" should be clarified in the department of social protection at the place of residence of the family.

labor benefits

A working single mother should be aware that several guarantees are provided for her in the Labor Code. She can't:

force her to work full time if she expressed a desire to establish an incomplete “shift” for her - if the woman has a child not older than 14 years old (or a disabled child who has not reached the age of majority);
refuse her employment, due to the fact that the applicant has children;
engage without written consent until at least one of the children is 5 years old:
- to overtime performance of labor duties;
- to work at night;
- to work during officially established holidays and weekends;
dismiss at the initiative of the company's management, except in special cases:

liquidation of a company or individual entrepreneur;
repeated non-performance by the employee of official duties - with the imposition of a disciplinary sanction on her;
the presence of a single, but gross violation of labor duties by a single mother;
committing actions that led to the loss of confidence on the part of the authorities;
committing an immoral offense (if a single mother works in the field of raising children);
submission of false documents during employment - for example, a "fake" diploma or certificate.

In addition, the Labor Code obliges employers to provide four additional days off every month to parents, including single parents raising a son or daughter with a disability (all these days are paid to them). They can also prescribe in the collective agreement additional unpaid leave for parents raising children alone - up to 14 days a year.

tax incentives

Tax credits are available to all parents based on the number of children she has, their age and whether or not they have a disability. However, single parents are given an additional preference: for them, they are calculated in double the amount. Based on this rule, they amount to the following amounts:

2,800 rubles - for the 1st natural / adopted child;
2,800 rubles - for the 2nd natural / adopted child;
6,000 rubles - for the 3rd and each subsequent natural / adopted child;
12,000 rubles - for a disabled child.

In this context, a tax deduction refers to the part of earnings that is not subject to income tax. It is deducted from the total salary, and already 13% is charged from the balance. In order to receive a deduction at the place of work, you should submit a corresponding application to the accounting department, attaching copies of documents confirming the employee's right to this benefit.

One of these papers is a certificate from the registry office about the birth of a child.
You should also be aware that any benefits that a single mother receives from the state are not subject to income tax.

Social assistance for single mothers

There are various social support measures for single mothers. Their main types are:

the primary placement of a child in kindergarten is not universal, but in many regions such a privilege is provided;
free meals for children - at school and kindergarten;
free dairy products for a newborn child (a single mother can receive them until the baby is three years old);
free or discounted travel;
provision of vouchers to children's camps or sanatoriums - free of charge or partially paid (depending on their cost);
up to 70% discount on preschool fees - valid in some Russian regions;
discounts on medicines;
purchase of stationery for a child - by September 1;
several free massages per month, etc.

To receive most of the benefits provided locally, a single parent should apply to the district social protection authorities. Usually they can be used after documentary evidence:

the status of a single mother - a certificate taken from the registry office;
the status of a low-income family - various certificates of income of all household members.

You will also need a mother's passport, children's certificates, and, possibly, other documents required in a particular social security document. Having collected the documents, the woman writes a statement where she asks for a certain benefit.

However, if we are talking about free meals or a discount on the payment of an educational institution, you need to apply for a benefit directly to the leadership of the school or kindergarten.

How much does a single mother earn?

If a single mother is recognized as poor, she will be able to apply for additional child benefits - until the baby is 1.5 years old. In this case, she will be paid monthly an amount equal to the subsistence minimum established in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation for a child in the second quarter of the previous year. That is, if a woman wants to receive an additional payment from some month of 2019, she needs to focus on the subsistence level of the 2nd quarter of 2018, which was valid at that time in her region.

On average for Russian regions, this amount since January 2019 is the composition. 11280 rubles. But there are regions where it is much higher. For example, in the Kamchatka Territory it is 29,024 rubles, and now low-income families living there have the right to count on just such an additional payment. ()

However, before applying for it, you should be aware of the restrictions that apply to this type of benefit. It is paid:

only for the 1st or 2nd child born (adopted) after 2018;
if the baby has Russian citizenship;
if the recipient of the payment permanently resides in the territory of Russia;
families where the average per capita income did not reach one and a half minimum wage for an able-bodied resident - in the same quarter for which the amount of the allowance is calculated.

For the second child, the monthly allowance will be deducted from 453,026 rubles. Accordingly, after each payment, its size will decrease. For the first child, the allowance is paid at the expense of budgetary funds.

Will there be an increase in child benefits in 2019? Since the amount of benefits depends on the PM (not to be confused with the minimum wage), a small increase is possible. See the current table of PM by region.

What benefits and benefits does a single mother receive in the regions

Single mothers with at least 3 children will be able to count on additional financial assistance in 2019. She was returned to regions where most women of childbearing age are hesitant to have more than three children. Now, if a third child (born or adopted) appears in a low-income family, the parent has the right to receive a monthly cash payment equal to the regional subsistence minimum (per child) until the child reaches the age of 3.

In most subjects of Russia, at the birth of the 3rd baby, it is paid. A single mother can also use it. The amount of this payment in different regions is very heterogeneous and depends on the financial capabilities of a particular budget. For example, in the Tyumen region, the regional capital is 40,000 rubles, and in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 300,000 rubles.

Loss of single parent status

A woman loses the status of a single mother if she marries and her spouse adopts/adopts her child or children, which will be reflected in the birth certificates. But if she is simply combined by legal marriage, without subsequent adoption, then her status will be preserved.

However, the Tax Code (Article 218) states that, having married, a single parent will lose the opportunity to receive a double personal income tax deduction - from the next month after entering into an official marriage.

Benefits and payments for single mothers - military personnel

All federal and local benefits that a “civilian” single mother is entitled to use also apply to female military personnel raising children without the participation of their father. But there are some nuances associated with their special status.

Single parents in the military receive an additional monthly allowance of 1 minimum wage. They begin to pay it when the baby is one month old, and stop when the grown child reaches the age of 16. Also, a single mother can take an additional 2-week vacation, notifying the authorities about this no later than 30 days in advance.

The legislative framework

There is no separate law dedicated to single mothers. The above information is scattered across various legal sources. Here are some of them:

Housing Code of Russia - articles: 51, 52, 57, 159, 160;
Tax Code of Russia - Article 218 (on double deduction for personal income tax for single parents)
Labor Code of Russia - articles: 64, 93, 259, 261, 262, 263;
Law of the Russian Federation No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995 - on state benefits paid to parents;
Law No. 418-FZ of December 28, 2017 - on additional benefits for the 1st and 2nd child under 1.5 years old;
Law of the Russian Federation No. 178-FZ of July 17, 1999 - on state assistance to various categories of citizens;
Government Decree No. 541 of August 29, 2005 on the maximum allowable family expenses for rent;
Decree of the Government No. 1710 of December 30, 2017 - on the program for providing citizens with comfortable housing;
Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 987 dated November 29, 2012 - a list of diseases in which cohabitation with a person in an apartment is considered impossible;
Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 991n dated November 30, 2012 - a list of complex diseases that give the right to additional living space.

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a one-time pregnancy benefit provided if a woman registers for up to 12 weeks;
maternity allowance;
a one-time payment provided upon the birth of a child;
monthly maternity allowance;
monthly allowance during parental leave.

The above allowances can also be received by mothers who are raising a baby with her husband.

However, payments for single mothers are larger. In addition, they are provided with additional benefits, which are paid from the budget of the region. Their size is determined by the authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation independently.

Sums

Benefits provided to single mothers are divided into federal and regional.

one-time payment for pregnancy - 581.73 rubles;
a birth certificate in the amount of 11,000 rubles, which can be spent on services in a antenatal clinic, a children's clinic and the purchase of medicines;
childbirth allowance - 15,512.65 rubles;
until the child reaches the age of 1.5, a monthly allowance is provided - 2,908.62 rubles.

In addition to the above benefits, a single mother has the opportunity to receive payments from the regional budget. Their size may vary depending on the subject of the Russian Federation.

How to apply?

The procedure for applying for benefits is not complicated. To receive support from the state, a mother raising a child on her own must contact the territorial department of social protection, having previously prepared a package of documentation.

Employees of the organization will tell you what you need to do next in order to receive benefits.

Documentation

To apply for benefits in 2019, a woman must provide a documentation package.

To complete the procedure, you will need:

a copy of the child's birth certificate;
a certificate from the registry office confirming that the paternity record was made from the words of the mother, if the inscription is present in the birth certificate;
a certificate from the ZhEKa confirming that the child lives with the mother;
form No. 25, which is issued at the registry office when issuing a birth certificate and confirms that the woman is a single mother.

If the status was assigned due to the fact that the man disputed paternity, a copy of the court decision must be provided to the Social Security along with the above documents.

The state begins to provide payments after the papers are transferred to the appropriate state body.

For this reason, experts do not advise delaying the collection of documentation.

Assistance will be transferred until the child reaches a certain age, fixed in the current legislation.

Is housing provided?

At the federal level, child benefits for a single mother practically do not differ from payments for children brought up in a complete family - neither according to the list of types, nor according to their size. Special benefits that could take into account and increase the material status of a family without a second parent, federal laws not provided. This also applies to the period of pregnancy of a single woman, and life with a baby after childbirth, and his upbringing until adulthood.

The only exception is monthly child allowance, which is formally federal, but its size is assigned by decision of the leadership of the regions. For single mothers, this payment is assigned at an increased rate compared to the established base level.

In general, child benefits for a single mother depend on the following factors:

the fact of employment of the mother;
the number of children a woman has;
per capita income of a family with a single parent.

In some regions, with rare exceptions, they also provide additional targeted social benefits specifically for single women whose child does not have a father according to the documents (or it is recorded in the birth certificate according to the mother).

How much does a single mother receive for the maintenance of a child from the state

In general, a single mother can count on the same benefits from the state as a mother from a complete family. Child benefits depend on the number of children she has, the availability of employment and material wealth. At the same time, as a rule, they do not depend on the official one at all.

A single mother will receive the same amount for children as a family with two parents receives. That's why it makes no sense to issue the status of a loner just for the size of social benefits. The list and amount of payments at the state level is established by Federal Law No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995 “On State Benefits for Citizens with Children”.

The only federal payment that single moms can count on in an increased amount is called simply child benefit. It is assigned, and the amount varies depending on the region (most often, it is very modest).

Regions are also allowed to independently establish targeted or categorical payments to citizens at their own discretion. for single moms there are additional regional allowances. A single mother should first of all find out if there are any special payments that she is entitled to in her region of residence.

How much does a single mom get for her first child

The care of the state about the mother with the baby begins even before his birth. At the state level, single mothers are entitled to payments starting from pregnancy (but only if the woman works) and ending with the achievement of 3 years. All grants are divided into monthly and one-time.

The following are first child allowance and their sizes for a single mother.

This list of social benefits is relevant for officially, for which the employer pays insurance premiums, as well as soldier or student.
Benefits are issued at the place of work, study or service, paid at the expense of social insurance.

Table of benefits for the first child of a single mother

Benefits for single mothers with two or more children

An employed single mother who has a second newborn can count on the same payments as after. They are credited after birth. every child. However, the minimum monthly allowance for caring for a second baby up to 1.5 years old is increased and the right to maternity capital for a single mother appears.

Table of additional benefits for a single mother for a second child

In the case of a single woman third baby She is also guaranteed the following benefits:

Other payments you can count on:

(monthly or quarterly - the amount is set at the regional level;
from the state in the amount of 453,026.00 rubles. - the certificate is issued regardless of employment;
regional mother capital on the 3rd of the children (size varies);
in case of poverty.

Formally, women military personnel are also not considered to be working, but they are still entitled to payments for pregnancy and childbirth. in a fixed amount(equal to the amount of the scholarship or allowance).

One-time allowance at the birth of a child

The fact of payment of this benefit and its amount does not depend on any external conditions and factors (security, salary, job or husband). The state guaranteed payment in the amount of RUB 16350.33(as of 2017) to the mother of every child born in the Russian Federation.

At the birth of two or more children at a time (twins, triplets, etc.), it is necessary for each of them. A woman must apply for payment within six months after the baby is born.

Since this allowance is formally due to any of the parents of the child, then in order to apply for it in a complete family, it must be provided at the place of receipt (and if one of them works, then only a working parent can receive a payment).
In this regard, the procedure for issuing a payment for a single mother is somewhat simplified: a single mother do not need to provide at the place of receipt of a certificate from the second parent.

Obtaining such a certificate can be significantly more complicated if the child officially has a father, but they do not live together with their mother and are generally on bad terms. Then obtaining the coveted certificate can be significantly complicated due to the reluctance of the second spouse to provide it.

Benefit for caring for a child up to 1.5 years old in 2019

Non-working single mothers will be able to receive in the minimum amount, namely:

RUB 3065.69 - for the first baby;
RUB 6131.37 - .

Moreover, if they receive unemployment benefits, then it will be possible to choose only one of the payments - for unemployment from the SZN or for care. Both types of social assistance are not assigned at the same time!

As can be seen, non-working women are in a more losing position. Indeed, in the case of employment, they could count not only on a minimum wage of up to 1.5 years, but also on the following list of payments:

in the amount of 100% of the salary and the payment of 613.14 rubles. when registering a pregnant woman up to 12 weeks;
Monthly care allowance up to 1.5 years(which is higher than the minimum amount, if the average salary exceeds the minimum wage);
until the child's 3rd birthday - it is paid by the employer and formally should compensate the woman for the temporary inability to earn money (although she has not done this for a long time due to her small size).

Benefits for poor single mothers

Due to the fact that single mothers often do not have official work before childbirth, as well as for other reasons, they often. These women are entitled to two additional benefits. They are paid regardless of the woman's employment, but taking into account need criterion.

Table of benefits for poor single mothers

Benefit Title	Regulatory document	For which child of a single mother is paid	Size	Reasons for getting
	Art. 16 of Law No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995; regional legislative acts	For everyone up to 16 (18) years old	Installed at the regional level	If the average per capita income per family member is below the regional subsistence minimum (PM)
	Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 606 dated May 7, 2012, regional documents	For the 3rd and each subsequent child under 3 years of age born after 01/01/2013	The amount of children's PM for the quarter in which the appeal occurred	The average per capita income is below the amount established for the region. Paid only for children with Russian citizenship

Both payouts depend on the region of residence women and are established according to regional laws.

It is worth submitting documents on income for months that did not include the month of receipt. Otherwise, incomes may turn out to be inflated, and benefits for the poor will not be assigned.

exists in every region of the Russian Federation regardless of the order in which the child was born. If the criterion of need is met, single mothers are paid an increased amount compared to the regular one (usually one and a half, two or three times).
- It is worth recalling that a single mother is legally considered a woman in relation to a child whose birth documents father not named(or indicated from her words), and was not served.
- If a woman is just divorced from her husband(also if a widow or if the child's father is deprived of parental rights), she is not considered a single mother, and she will be entitled to the allowance at the usual rate.
valid only in 50 subjects of the Russian Federation and only for the 3rd baby (and subsequent children). The list of regions for which the payment is relevant is updated annually.
- These allowances are issued at the local social security agency. Documents can also be submitted through the MFC.
- It makes sense to apply for them until the baby under 6 months old, since it will not be possible to return the unpaid amount for a longer period.

Mandatory allowance for poor single women for each child is valid in all regions of the Russian Federation. It is set at the state level, but the size is regulated regionally. Usually it does not exceed 500 rubles, although there are exceptions. For example, he makes for each child of a single mother:

, - 362-368 rubles;
- 472 rubles;
- 540 rubles.
- 540.94 rubles. (on the first) and 676.18 rubles. (second and following);
and - 1596 rubles;
- 3 298 rubles. and 3,768 rubles. (for the first and second up to 1.5 years), 848 rubles. (1.5-7 years), 787 rubles. (7-16 years old).

The amount for different regions is also very different. For example, as of the 2nd quarter of 2016, in the Belgorod region, a single mother for the 3rd child will receive 8,150 rubles, and in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 21,076 rubles.

How much do single mothers get paid in the regions

Also in the regions (far from all) there are various additional payments single mothers.

In order to receive special payments, a woman must submit the necessary package of documents to Social Security, which includes confirming the status of a single mother.
Permanent residence in the specified region is required.

The list and amounts of benefits designed specifically for this category of the population are regulated by local legislation. Even for neighboring subjects of the Russian Federation, it can differ significantly.

Examples of regional payments to single mothers

This table shows only payments established by local law. the poor, which is mandatory for all regions, was not specified. Single mothers are also entitled to all those social benefits that a complete family can count on in the region.

If a single mother marries but her husband does not adopt the child, the woman may still be entitled to special singles allowances for that particular child. When calculating income, the husband's salary will not be taken into account. However, this should be clarified in advance with the Social Security authorities.

Payments for the adoption of a child by one parent

The legislation does not prohibit adoption by a single woman or a man (that is, a person who is not officially married). In this case, the child has only one (single) adoptive parent. The child can be of any age, but the minimum age difference requirements and other factors taken into account in the adoption must be met.

Depending on whether a woman who wants to adopt a child is working, and in which region of the Russian Federation she lives, she will be entitled to all relevant federal and regional payments,. Their list can be adjusted if the adopter gets married and his partner also adopts a child.

Lonely employed adoptive mother the following grants are provided:

It must be remembered that, under Russian law, adopted children equal in rights to relatives. A single adoptive parent can count on the same benefits as if the adopted child were his own.