Coordination of movements and fine motor skills. Presentation on theme: "Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in preschool children through games and exercises.". What is the sensory development of a child

Advice for parents

"Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in young children"

The child constantly studies, comprehends the world around him. The main method of information accumulation is touch. Children need to grab, touch, stroke and taste everything! If adults try to support this desire by offering the baby various toys (soft, hard, rough, smooth, cold, etc.), rags, objects for research, he receives the necessary stimulus for development.

Proven that the child's speech and his sensory ("touching") experience are interrelated. If the movement of the fingers corresponds to age, then speech development is within the normal range; if the movement of the fingers lags behind, then speech development is also delayed, although general motor skills may be normal and even higher than normal. Speech is improved under the influence of kinetic impulses from the hands, more precisely, from the fingers. Therefore, if you want your child to speak well, develop his hands!

Sensorimotor development of young children

Sensorimotorics (from Latin sensus - feeling, sensation and motor - engine) - mutual coordination of sensory and motor components of activity.

Tasks of sensorimotor development:

development of fine motor skills of hands;
development of hand coordination;
formation of ideas about the color, shape, size of objects, their position in space;
activation of sensory perception, stimulating the analyzers of visual, auditory, touch, smell and taste.

What is a child's sensory development?

Psychologist Wenger L.A. claims that "the sensory development of a child is the development of his perception and the formation of ideas about the external properties of objects: their shape, color, size, position in space, as well as smell, taste, etc."

According to Pavlova L.N., a child comes into the world with a very high potential for sensory abilities. The task of adults is to identify them and promptly contribute to their further development.

Professor N. M. Shchelovanov called early age the “golden time” of sensory education.

Sensorimotor development is the foundation of the general mental development of a preschooler. It is aimed at forming the most complete perception of the surrounding world and serves as the basis for cognition of reality.

The first stage of cognition of reality is the baby's sensory experience. The success of the child's physical, mental and aesthetic development largely depends on the level of his sensorimotor development, that is, on how well the child can see, hear and touch the world around him.

The sensorimotor development of a preschooler is the development of his perception and the formation of ideas about the external properties of objects: their shape, color, size, position in space and the development of the motor sphere.

Sensorimotorics plays an equally important role in the mental development of the child, since preschool age is the most favorable period for the development and improvement of the senses, as well as for the accumulation of the most vivid and correct ideas about the world around the child.

Early childhood is a special period for the formation of organs and systems, and above all the functions of the brain. Scientists have proven that the functions of the cerebral cortex are not fixed hereditarily, they develop as a result of the interaction of the body with the environment. Early age is the most favorable time for sensorimotor education, without which the normal formation of the child's mental abilities is impossible.

Sensory education in the second and third years of life consists primarily in teaching children object actions that require the correlation of objects according to their external properties: size, shape, position in space. The main thing is that the child learns that the shape, size, color are constant signs of objects that must be taken into account when performing a variety of actions.

By stimulating fine motor skills and thus activating the corresponding parts of the brain, we also activate neighboring areas responsible for speech. Usually a child with a high level of development of fine motor skills is able to reason logically, he has sufficiently developed memory, attention, coherent speech.

Creating conditions for the sensorimotor development of young children

A universal way to educate and educate a small child is a game. Young children love to play with toys and household items. At first they play alone, but from the age of one and a half they are increasingly attracted to games with peers. During the game, children acquire new knowledge and skills, learn about the world around them, learn to communicate.

What gives the child the game :

pleasure;
familiarity with the norms, rules of life;
communication with peers;
the ability to express their emotions;
the ability to choose toys (subject-game environment), means of play (word, movement, place);
inner freedom: I play where I want, with whom I want, as much as I want, than I want.

When choosing a game for a child, one must follow main principle: the game should correspond to the capabilities of the child, be attractive to him. The emphasis in the choice of games for young children should be on sensory and motor games.

Sensory games - e These games give experience in working with a wide variety of materials: sand, clay, paper. They contribute to the development of the sensory system: vision, taste, smell, hearing, temperature sensitivity. All organs given to us by nature must work, and for this they need “food”.

motor games (running, jumping, climbing). Motility is motor activity. Not all of us like it when a child runs a lot, climbs high objects. Of course, first of all, you need to think about the safety of the child, but you should not forbid him to actively move.

Children love to play on the floor. In order to create comfortable conditions for them, you can sew rollers for them, pillows in the form of a multi-colored caterpillar and with buttons, to develop fine motor skills, sew a sensory rug "Fairytale Forest"; “skirt-fun” and on this skirt they unbutton and fasten buttons, learn to lace up, close and open pockets with Velcro, etc.

Water games require equipment: buckets, basins, watering cans, funnels, floating toys, bottles, jars, etc. Children wear special aprons during the games. Of the games with water, you can offer the following: "Rescuers", "What floats", "Captains", "Warm - cold", etc. Of the entire arsenal of games with water, the most interesting for children is the game with soap bubbles. Babies can't blow bubbles on their own. This is done by an adult. This is a wonderful sight, perceived by the kids joyfully and emotionally.

Young children need to provide paper. They crumple it, crumple it, try to break it, which, of course, they fail at the beginning. The sound emitted by the paper gives them pleasure. In this case, you can use absolutely clean paper. It is not recommended to give newspapers to children, as newspaper paint contains zinc in large quantities. Books should not be given, as children must be taught to take care of books. In addition, they begin to show interest in picking up pieces of torn paper. This should be encouraged: children are offered a basket or bucket. Children are very fond of watching how adults cut something out of paper with scissors. Over time, they begin to ask for scissors. You can involve the children in gluing the cut out figures onto the paper. Of course, in the beginning, the work may go erratically, but gradually the technique improves, the work becomes cleaner.

The sensorimotor development of preschool children will be most effective if the following toys and aids are used in games with children:

Stringing toys that have through holes and are designed to be stringed onto a rod.

Toys for rolling and grouping by shape, color or size.

Toys for inserting and overlaying, composing multi-colored turrets and selecting them by color, size and shape.

Folk toys that are easy to assemble and disassemble.

Games with such toys contribute to the development of orientation in space and the ability to compose objects from several separate parts. Toys and aids are recommended to be gradually updated and supplemented with new, more complex and more diverse models.

Concerning development of tactile sensations, then children get similar sensations through the skin. Over time, they become aware of what is cold, what is hot, what is hard, what is soft, what is dry, and what is wet. Tactile sensations are directly related to the process of thinking, with the help of them the child learns the world around him. The most favorable for the development of tactile sensations are games on the sand and games with water.

Button games

Choose buttons of different sizes and colors. Try to lay out a drawing, at home you can ask your baby to do the same. After the child learns to complete the task, invite him to come up with his own versions of the drawings. You can lay out a flower, a tumbler, a snowman, a butterfly, balls, beads, etc. from a button mosaic. Buttons can also be strung on a thread, making beads.

Bulk material games

1. Pour peas or beans into a container. The child puts his hands in there and depicts how the dough is kneaded, saying:

"Knead, knead the dough,

There is room in the oven.

Will-will be from the oven

Buns and rolls."

"We kneaded the dough,

We kneaded the dough

We were asked to thoroughly knead everything,

But no matter how much we knead

And no matter how much we remember

Lumps again and again we get.

2. Pour dry peas into a mug. For each stressed syllable, he shifts the peas one by one into another mug. First with one hand, then with both hands at the same time, alternately with the thumb and middle fingers, thumb and ring finger, thumb and little finger. You can pick up any quatrains, for example:

“The legs walked: top-top-top,

Straight down the path: top-top-top.

Come on, more fun: top-top-top,

This is how we do it: top-top-top.

3. Pour peas on a saucer. We take a pea with our thumb and forefinger and hold it with the rest of our fingers (as when picking berries), then we take the next pea, then another and another - so we collect a whole handful. You can do this with one or two hands.

4. Drawing on the croup. Scatter fine grains on a bright tray in a thin even layer. Run your child's finger over the rump. Get a bright contrasting line. Let the kid draw some chaotic lines himself. Then try to draw some objects together (fence, rain, waves, letters, etc.).

5. In the "dry pool" we place peas and beans. The child puts his hand into it and tries by touch to determine and get only peas or only beans.

Clothespin games

1. With a clothespin, alternately “bite” the nail phalanges (from the index to the little finger and back) on the stressed syllables of the verse:

“A silly kitten bites hard,

He thinks it's not a finger, but a mouse. (Change of hands.)

But I'm playing with you baby

And if you bite, I’ll tell you: “Shoo!”.

2. Imagine with your child that clothespins are small fish, and a circle or square made of cardboard is a feeder. Well, the kid needs to help the fish have lunch, that is, attach them around the perimeter of the figure. It is very interesting for children to “attach needles” to a hedgehog, rays of the sun or leaves of a turnip, carrot, cut out of cardboard, etc.

3. And, of course, hanging handkerchiefs after washing and securing them with clothespins. This is a simple task, even for a child who has played with clothespins more than once, it may not be so simple.

You can accompany the work by saying the rhyme:

"I'll pinch the clothespins deftly

I'm on my mother's rope.

Games - lacing

You can use both factory production and do-it-yourself. Such games develop spatial orientation, attention, form lacing skills, develop creative abilities, contribute to the development of the accuracy of the eye, the sequence of actions. Lace embroidery is the first step to needle embroidery.

Applications available from a very early age. If the child is still small, and you are afraid to give him scissors, let him tear pictures from a magazine or newspaper with his hands - as it will; and you will stick the torn pieces on a clean sheet, giving them some form. It can be a meaningful collage. From the age of 3 (sometimes earlier) you can learn to cut with scissors, the main thing is that they are safe, with rounded ends. To begin with, it is more convenient to cut out geometric shapes and figures from all the same color magazines, and with an adhesive pencil, fix them on a sheet. The game of cutting out patterns from several times folded pieces of paper has an undeniable advantage. No matter how clumsily the child cuts out, you still get a pattern that vaguely resembles a snowflake or an asterisk.

Sculpt from plasticine you can start as early as 2 years old, the main thing is to select available tasks and do not forget to wash your hands. We sculpt sausages, rings, balls; we cut the plasticine sausage with a plastic knife into many small pieces, and then we stick the pieces together again. From each small piece we make a cake or a coin. You can press on our cake with a real coin to get an imprint.

Pieces of plasticine

Our Zina rolls,

balls, sausages,

And fairy tales come to life

Fingers are trying

They mold, they develop.

If plasticine scares you for some reason, make salt dough for your baby. The game will give pleasure regardless of the result. Here is the recipe: flour - salt - water - sunflower oil. Flour and salt are taken in the same amount, and water is one-third less (for example, a glass of flour is a glass of salt, 2/3 a glass of water, a tablespoon of oil). Mix and knead. If it sticks poorly, add water. The dough can be stored for a long time in the refrigerator in a plastic bag. To make the sculpted figures hard, bake them in the oven, the longer the better. Hardened figures can be painted with paints. Whenever you make real dough, let's make a piece for the baby too. Such games contribute to the development of fine motor skills, sensation processes, relax the child, relieve emotional stress.

Drawing- one of the most favorite activities of all children. The more often a child holds a brush, pencil or felt-tip pen in his hands, the easier it will be for him to print the first letters and words at school. Offer children a variety of tasks: using coloring books, finger painting on the bathroom wall using ordinary paints.

If your child is extremely reluctant to paint with a brush, invite him to paint with his fingers. You can draw with one, two, or you can use all your fingers at the same time: each finger is dipped into the paint of a certain color, and then placed on paper in turn. So it turns out salute or beads or something else. Nowadays, special finger paints are offered in stores.

It is very unusual to paint with porous sponges, small rubber balls with a rough surface. Children are happy to use the so-called "signets".

Thus, thanks to the use of games and aids for the development of sensorimotor skills and the performance of exercises for the development of visual and tactile perception, inquisitiveness and curiosity increase in children, knowledge about specific sensory standards is formed, vocabulary expands, and skills of educational, gaming, search and experimental activities are acquired.

The more children learn, the richer their sensory experience, the easier and easier it will be for them to develop motor skills, and all this will make it easier to learn.

Of great importance are sensory games for speech development, the main purpose of which is to give the child new sensory sensations: visual, auditory, tactile and motor, olfactory and gustatory.

These games allow you to establish emotional contact with the child, which allows you to comprehensively influence the development of speech in the future.

Paint games

For the game you will need: watercolors, brushes, five transparent plastic glasses (in the future, the number of glasses can be any). Glasses are placed in a row on the table and filled with water, then paints of different colors are alternately diluted in them. Usually the child is fascinated by how the “cloud” of paint gradually dissolves in water. You can diversify the effect and quickly dilute the paint in the next glass, stirring with a brush - the child, by his reaction, will let you know which method he likes best. In this game, the child can quite quickly show a desire to participate more actively in what is happening - he begins to “order” the next paint or snatches out a brush and begins to act independently.

water games

Fumbling with water, pouring and splashing are especially loved by children. In addition, playing with water has a therapeutic effect. To make it easier for your child to reach the faucet, move a chair to the sink. Take out the small plastic bottles and vials prepared in advance - fill them with tap water. You can pour water from one dish to another, make a "fountain" by substituting a spoon or a bottle with a narrow neck under the stream of water - usually this effect delights children. After filling the basin with water, organize a game in the "pool" in which the toys float. The basin filled with water will now become a "lake" in which fish or ducks swim.

Soap bubble games

Children love to watch soap bubbles swirl in the air. To arouse your child's interest in self-blowing bubbles, offer him a variety of straws - for example, a straw for a cocktail, or roll and glue thick paper from thick paper to get a large bubble

Games with light

Sunny Bunny. Having chosen the moment when the sun looks through the window, catch a ray with a mirror and show the baby how the sunbeam jumps on the wall, on the ceiling, from the wall to the sofa, etc. He might want to touch the spot of light. In this case, slowly move the beam to the side, offer it to catch the fleeing "bunny".

Reminder for parents

For the development of fine motor skills, preschool children should be offered:

Exercises with a massage ball (from su-jok therapy), walnuts, pencils, pens, felt-tip pens.
"Dance" with your fingers and clap your hands softly and loudly, at different tempos.
Use with children various types of mosaics, constructors (iron, wooden, plastic), games with small details, counting sticks.
Organize games with plasticine, dough.
Try the finger painting technique. You can add salt or sand to the paints for a massage effect.
Use colored balls of thread for rewinding, ropes of various thicknesses and lengths for tying and untying.
Include a variety of natural materials in the games (sticks, twigs, cones, shells, cobs, etc.).
Engage in stringing beads with children, learn to unbutton and fasten buttons, buttons, hooks, zippers.
Let the children shell the peas and peel the peanuts.
Launch small tops with your fingers.
Fold the nesting doll, play with different liners.
Cut with scissors.

Dear Parents!

Cause positive emotions in the child!

Use words and phrases that carry an optimistic coloring, for example: “How interesting!”, “Here, great!”, “Let's help!”, “Beauty!” etc.

Remember, whatever you create with your child, the main thing is the desire to continue to engage in such activities in the future, so complete your classes in a good mood for both the baby and yours.

Literature:

Bashaeva T.V. The development of perception in children. Shape, color, sound: a popular guide for parents and educators. Yaroslavl. "Academy of Development", 1997.
Gavrina S.E., Kutyavina N.L., Toporkova I.G., Shcherbinina S.V. We develop hands - to learn and write, and draw beautifully. A popular guide for parents and educators. Yaroslavl. "Academy of Development", 1997.
Gromova O.N., Prokopenko T.A. Games are fun for the development of fine motor skills in children. M., Gnome i D, 2001.
N.V. Ryzhova The development of speech in kindergarten. Yaroslavl. "Academy of Development", 2007.

Ermoleno Tatyana Alekseevna, educator
Teaching experience: 22 years

Katerinich Nadezhda Sergeevna, educator
Teaching experience: 10 years

Vambold Irina Iogannesovna, educator
Teaching experience: 6 years

MKDOU "Kindergarten" Sun "Tarko-Sale, Purovsky district

“The origins of the abilities and talents of children are at their fingertips.
From the fingers, figuratively speaking, go the thinnest threads - streams that feed the source of creative thought.
In other words, the more skill in a child's hand, the smarter the child."

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

Motorics is the study of body movements and the underlying bodily-psychic functions. Scientists have proved that from an anatomical point of view, about a third of the entire area of the motor projection of the cerebral cortex is occupied by the projection of the hand, located very close to the speech zone. It is the magnitude of the projection of the hand and its proximity to the motor zone that give reason to consider the hand as a "speech organ", the same as the articulatory apparatus. In this regard, an assumption was made about the significant influence of subtle finger movements on the formation and development of the child's speech function. Therefore, in order to teach a baby to speak, it is necessary not only to train his articulation apparatus, but also to develop finger movements, or fine motor skills.

Fine motor skills of hands interact with such higher properties of consciousness as:

* attention;

* thinking;

* optical-spatial perception (coordination);

* imagination;

* observation;

* visual and motor memory;

The development of fine motor skills is also important because the rest of the child's life will require the use of precise, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers, which are necessary to dress, draw and write, as well as perform a variety of household and educational activities. Fine motor skills develop in a child constantly, starting from a very early age. As we already know that children's fingers are the very first simulator for the development of fine motor skills. With their help, you can learn to count, read, show whole fairy-tale performances. And of course play!

Let's remember together how children love to wave a pen, clap their hands, play "Forty-white-sided", show a "horned goat". All these games are very useful as they train the hand. Also in early childhood, games with cubes, pyramids, nesting dolls are useful. Later - with various types of constructors, for example, Lego, when a child has to assemble and disassemble small parts, put together a whole from separate parts, and for this it is very important that the fingers obey and work well. Kids love to fold and lay out boxes, twist - unwind different lids. These games form fine motor skills, so it is important to encourage children to engage in such activities and maintain their interest. After all, the more active and accurate the movements of the fingers of the child, the faster he begins to speak.

Municipal state preschool educational institution "Kindergarten "Solnyshko" supervision and rehabilitation with priority implementation of sanitary and hygienic, preventive and recreational measures and procedures", provides medical and preventive treatment of children from among the peoples of the North living in the Purovsky district, with diagnoses of tuberculosis, tube contact . In our institution, there is one group of different ages from 3 to 7 years old, subgroups are completed according to the age principle. The daily routine, which provides a combination of education, work and rest, is made taking into account the round-the-clock stay of pupils, with 6 meals a day. The kindergarten is filled with children, mostly of indigenous nationality, who live in the Purovsky district, in the direction of the district pediatrician and phthisiatrician. For children who previously lived in the tundra, whose parents lead a nomadic lifestyle, hygienic skills, daily routine, object environment, clothing, food, and games are alien. New requirements for behavior, constant contact with peers, all this falls on the baby at the same time and leads to whims, fears, refusal to eat. Children are more difficult to endure the adaptation period. The solution to this problem lies primarily with us educators. We, teachers, organize the life of a child in a preschool institution so that the baby almost painlessly adapts to new conditions, to peers and adults.

In children who have not previously attended kindergarten, there is a weak development of motor skills of the fingers: they have poor skills in drawing, modeling, lacing, unfastening and fastening buttons, very rarely play with the designer, puzzles, mosaics, etc.

To help the baby develop fingers, we teachers focused on the aspect “Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child through the game” - a preschooler’s weak hand can and should be developed. After all, everyone knows that a child with developed fine motor skills is able to reason logically, he is quite developed - memory, attention, coherent speech.

We started our work with the selection of methodological literature, the definition of tasks, the equipment of a subject-developing environment in MKDOU, the selection of games and activities, the development of child development tables.

We set the following goals and objectives:

To create conditions in MKDOE for the development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in pupils in accordance with SanPiN 2.4.1. 27-10.
Develop fine motor skills of fingers, hands, develop accuracy and coordination of hand and eye movements, hand flexibility, rhythm.
To form graphic skills, prepare the child's hand to master the letter
To improve the ability to act according to verbal instructions, commensurate with the individual pace of implementation, the ability to independently continue the implementation of the task, control over one's own actions

5. Implementation of the relationship with the music director, teacher - speech therapist.

6. Increasing the competence of parents in the development of fine motor skills in a child through such forms of interaction with the family:

* education of parents: conducting master classes, seminars;

* informing parents: individual and group consultations, creating memos, designing information stands;

* joint activities: attending various events at the preschool educational institution, making attributes for the Magic Fingers center.

We build our work in accordance with principles:

The principle of integrativity- relationship with various activities.
The principle of cooperation- the relationship between the child and the teacher.
1. The principle of an individual approach to children- the development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements is carried out through a differentiated approach to each child, based on knowledge of the characteristics of his development.
2. The principle of systematic and consistent- such an order of studying the material, where new knowledge is based on previously acquired ones.
3. The principle of accessibility- learning is effective when it is feasible and accessible to problem-based learning for children.
4. The principle of problem-based learning- children in the process of games, leisure activities, organized activities themselves acquire new knowledge, resulting in a stronger assimilation of knowledge, consolidation of skills.
5. The principle of teacher competence- the educator must have clear knowledge on this issue in order to pass them on to the children.
6. The principle of game presentation of material- in our work we rely on the leading type of activity - the game.

In order to keep children interested in everything new, we use the following innovative technologies: a personality-oriented approach to children, a personality-active approach (action orientation, technology of didactic tasks), an integrated system, health-saving technologies, game methods and techniques.

MKDOU carries out the educational process according to the exemplary basic general educational program of preschool education "From birth to school" edited by N.E. Veraksa, T.S. Komarooy, M.A. Vasilyeva.

For the successful implementation of all tasks for the development of fine motor skills in the group, the Magic Fingers center has been equipped, which has:

* wall didactic panel (made by teachers): "What time of year?" on which buttons are located, as well as a tree covered with fleece, made of cardboard and glued threads on it;

* didactic wall mats "Funny buttons" and "Funny strings"

(made together with parents from cardboard and colored fabric) with laces, pigtails, buttons, zippers, Velcro, buttons, hooks;

* floor didactic panel "Flower" (made by teachers). Attributes: locks, laces, ribbons, buttons, zippers, Velcro, buttons;

* didactic wall "Home Yard" (on the wall there are paintings of domestic birds and animals made of cardboard with Velcro)

* selected games and manuals for stringing beads, rings, various small items,

* diagrams - pictures for laying out small geometric figures, cereals, sticks;

* frames - liners;

* plastic pyramids of different sizes, colored "Turret", "Bear cub", "Duckling";

* selected small toys for games in the hospital, shop, canteen, etc.;

* selected games with clothespins "Hedgehog", "Sunshine", "Rybka", "Cactus", "Comb",

"Brush", "Anchor", "Mill", "Pinwheel", etc.;

* toy "Turtle Tartilla" with locks, laces, buttons, bows

* glove puppets made of fabric, knitted from threads;

* small color mosaic, large mosaic "Rainbow";

* desktop wooden theater "Wolf and seven kids", "Ryaba Hen", etc.;

* knitted finger theater: "Teremok", "Fox and Hare", "Three Little Pigs", "Three Bears",

"Turnip";

*puppet theater (knitted) "Turnip", "Three Little Pigs", "Ryaba Hen"»

* large cubes (wooden, plastic), small cubes (wooden, plastic);

* cubes of fabric "What is this?" and who is it?";

* board game "Wonderful laces", "Colored laces";

* small colored figures on a magnet;

* counting sticks (multi-colored);

* the game "Collect the beads" (wooden), the game "Collect the beads" (plastic);

* small cardboard puzzles "Thumbelina", "Cinderella", "Water World";

*large cardboard puzzles "Transport", "Collect a fairy tale"

* plastic puzzles;

* coloring books "Funny tasks", "Transport", "Indoor plants", etc.;

*books with tasks "Draw", "Circle";

* small wooden constructor "Transport", Farm", "Zoo";

* wooden large constructor "Turret";

* metal constructor "trowel";

*colored ribbons for hair;

*handout for GCD;

* didactic mat "Observe the rules of the road" with small objects

(cars, signs, houses, trees, little men);

* cases of colored matches;

*finger games and exercises of various types were selected and arranged in the didactic folder “Playing with fingers”: plot finger games, finger exercises in combination with self-massage of the hands and fingers, in combination with sound gymnastics, manipulation games.

* waste material is selected: wire, coils, sand, stones, branches, cones, threads, cereals, seeds, etc.;

* plasticine, pencils, felt-tip pens, crayons, coloring books, stencils for tracing and shading for self-study;

The speech therapy room is equipped with sensory-motor and game centers.

Here they really meet with a fairy tale. Planar silhouettes of a birch, a pond, a meadow and flowers, butterflies, knitted from bright threads help children create compositions and develop finger motor skills at the same time.

We build the work together with parents who live in Tarko-Sale and have the opportunity to attend preschool

Family interaction.


	Familiarization of parents with tasks on the topic "Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child."	* days of open doors; individual and group consultations; Parent meeting; * organization of exhibitions of children's creativity; * invitation to leisure; games; * creation of memos, newspapers, folders - movements: * design of information stands: "We create", "It's good in our kindergarten."
	Parental education	* holding a seminar on the topic: "The importance of the development of fine motor skills for preschool children." * conducting master classes on the topic: “What can magic fingers do?”, “How to make a finger theater?”, * Creation of a game library for parents.
	Cooperative activity	* creation of a subject-developing environment: making, together with children, attributes for the Magic Fingers center, plot-role-playing games (cakes from ribbons, salt dough, thermometers, etc.); *participation in theatrical performances.

To achieve the greatest result, in the development of fine motor skills in children, we work systematically throughout the day. Games are also used during directly organized activities in all educational areas and in independent activities of children.

No. p / p	Educational area	Events
	"Physical Culture"	games and exercises with small balls, small cubes, constructor, modules, ribbons, finger games; * self-massage.
	"Health"	* games with massage balls, bags (with sand, with seeds, with cereals), games with ribbons, games with small objects on the subject, games with corks, with coils, with wire; * physical education with small objects.
	"Safety"	finger games on the topic of security; games with small various types of constructor, mosaic, drawing with paints, pencils, crayons, making crafts from plasticine (city, transport, traffic lights, special vehicles - "01", "02", "03", boats, bicycles, etc. for use when talking about safety; using the clipping technique to lay out a pedestrian crossing from finely torn white and black paper; physical education minutes, finger games on the content of the topic of safety.
	"Socialization"	* finger games "Family", "Dad, Mom and Me", etc.; * wooden, shadow, finger, glove, knitted theaters; * outdoor games and exercises with small cubes, balls, rings, etc.; * games with small various types of constructor, mosaics, drawing with paints, pencils, crayons, making crafts from plasticine (family members, items for different professions, outdoor and didactic games, etc.); * games with counting sticks and small geometric shapes (laying out family members, transport, streets, etc.); * production of attributes for role-playing games (techniques for working with fabrics, threads, needles, scissors, buttons, ribbons, paper tearing, etc.); * physical education, finger games about the family, professions, work, games, etc .;
		* games with a small constructor, games with small objects on the subject, * preparation of crumbs for birds; * weaving from twigs, weaving from straws, needlework, weaving, patchwork appliqués; * repair of doll furniture, actions with a hammer, making souvenirs, gluing boxes, making garlands from paper, foil, fabric toys, wood painting, wood carving, making bouquets; * labor in nature (picking up cones, twigs, stones, leaves, seeds, etc.); * economic - household work (repair of small items, books); * finger games.
	"Knowledge"	* work with handouts (wooden and plastic multi-colored chips, small nesting dolls, mushrooms, balls, etc.); * FEMP - use for laying out small items, cereals (rice, buckwheat, millet); models of geometric shapes; orders "How many pencils did you bring", "Bring as many balls as there are children", etc. * production of buildings from the designer (wooden, metal, plastic), paper, natural and waste materials; * games with sand, buttons, cones, etc.; * exercises "Lay out the figures", "How many bunnies",; * finger games "One, two, three, four, five ...", "We shared an orange"; * laying out drawings from small geometric shapes according to the model, playing with counting sticks; * physical education minutes using short ribbons, small items; *finger games.
	"Communication"	* laying out letters from seeds, counting sticks; * games with small objects, toys for the sound being worked out; * games with subject pictures for certain sounds; * finger theater (knitted, sewn from fabric, plastic), * the game "Circle the letter", the game "Lay out the cards with sounds"; * exercise "Wrap your finger"; * cutting out of colored paper along the contour, drawing with paints, pencils, modeling from clay, plasticine; * finger games "Wasp", "Bee", "Locomotive", "Cow calls the calf", "How the plane is buzzing" * physical education with small objects.
	"Reading Fiction"	* games with puzzles, mosaics, counting sticks (according to the plot); * modeling (plasticine, clay), drawing (pencils, felt-tip pens, paints), applique of characters, according to the plot; * exercise "Draw a character", "Circle the hero of a fairy tale"; * handicrafts of characters from natural material; * cutting out silhouettes from colored paper, cardboard; foil; * physical education minutes using the attributes of the glove theater; * finger games "We were sitting on the golden porch ..."
	"Artistic Creativity"	Drawing with fingers (paints, gouache), crayons, fingers on flour, on sand; * application from paper, origami from paper; * handicrafts from natural material; * cutting out the heroes of fairy tales, laying out with peas along the drawn contour; * laying out the contour of the hero of a fairy tale with a woolen colored thread; * work with wire; * physical education minutes using character masks; decoration of patterns, patchwork appliqué; foil crafts; * the use of modeling techniques according to age; *finger games "We guys are great..."
	"Music"	* finger theater (knitted, rag, paper); finger games; playing musical instruments, games with paper, foil, sultans, with a paper ball; * physical education with small objects; * dancing, games with ribbons, bells; *games with noise instruments.

Everyone knows that finger games and exercises develop coordination of finger movements, activate the brain in children, and contribute to the development of speech. We studied and mastered finger games ourselves, systematized them by type. We help children master the "Land of finger games" through individual, pair and group exercises and finger games.

finger games

*Types of games*	*Name and content of games and exercises*	*Tasks*
Games - manipulation	For example: « Ladushki - patty "" Magpie - white-sided" - index finger make circular motions. « Finger - boy, where have you been, "We shared an orange" « This finger wants to sleep”, “Fingers went for a walk” - bend each finger in turn. For older preschool children. "Mushrooms" - we connect the tips of the fingers - we depict a mushroom cap.) "Vegetables", "Seasons"	The development of imagination, fine motor skills of the fingers.
Plot finger exercises	For example: « Fingers say hello» - the pads of the fingers are in contact with the thumb. “A flower is blooming”, - fingers “appear” one by one from a clenched fist. « Rake”- palms on themselves, fingers intertwined. " Christmas tree- palms away from you, fingers in the "lock".	Learn to depict objects of transport and furniture, wild and domestic animals, birds and insects. trees.
Finger kinesiology exercises	For example: « Ring"- alternately go through the fingers, connecting the index, middle, ring and little fingers into a ring with the thumb. " Fist - rib - palm "- sequentially change three positions: a palm clenched into a fist, a palm with an edge on the plane of the table, a palm on the plane of the table (first with the right hand, then with the left, then with both hands together). " Ear - nose - grab the tip of the nose with your left hand, the opposite ear with your right hand, then lower your hands at the same time and change their position. "Horizontal eight" - draw the number eight in the air in a horizontal plane three times - first with one hand, then with the other, then with both hands. "Symmetrical drawings" - draw mirror-symmetrical drawings in the air with both hands (it is better to start with a round object: an apple, a watermelon, etc.	Development of attention, fine motor skills of fingers.
Finger exercises combined with sound gymnastics	For example: « Wasp”, “How mother calls the calf”, "How a locomotive, an airplane is buzzing"	Improving the pronunciation of sounds
Finger exercises combined with self-massage of the hands and fingers.	For example: "Wash your hands under hot water" - movements, as when washing hands "We put on gloves" - rub each finger of the left hand with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand. Starting with the little finger, from top to bottom. At the end, rub the palm . "Salting cabbage" - movements with the edge of the palm of the right hand against the palm of the left hand6 tapping, sawing. Movement of both hands: imitation of sprinkling with salt, clenching fingers into a fist "Let's warm our hands" movements like rubbing hands . "Hammer"- with the phalanxes of the fingers of the right hand clenched into a fist, “hammer” the nails. Geese nibbling grass - fingers of the right hand pinch the brush of the left.	Expand your understanding of traditional massage movements - kneading, pressing, pinching (from the periphery to the center).
Theater in hand	For example: " Butterfly”- squeeze your fingers into a fist and alternately straighten the little finger, ring and middle fingers, and connect the thumb and forefinger into a ring. "Fairy Tale", "Fish" - the hands of the left and right hands depict the smooth movements of fish. "Octopussy" the right hand, carefully and in turn, moves its tentacles - the fingers travel along the seabed. An octopus is moving towards - the left hand. We saw each other, froze, and then began to explore the seabed together.	Develops attention and memory, relieves psycho-emotional stress.

I would like to talk about the favorite activities of our children.

Didactic panel "What time of year?" (made by teachers) we use during GCD, individual work. Playing with fingers on the panel, children develop an idea of the seasons, their signs, learn to find them on their own, form curiosity, compare, share their impressions.

For example, during a conversation with children, we suggest recalling previously studied nursery rhymes, poems or incantations about the sun. Children independently place the sun, knitted from yellow threads, at the top left or right on the panel with the help of an eyelet and a button. On the lower part of the panel on the buttons there is a stream made of foil and cardboard. While reading a poem about a snowdrop, the kids run to attach a snowdrop made of beads to the panel. Then we talk about the fact that the leaves will soon bloom, the birds will fly in and the children, respectively, hang on the tree located on the panel. We use game exercises “What is gone?”, “What has changed?”. The children answer that winter has passed, and the sun has become brighter, the snow has begun to melt, the birds have arrived. Animation brings a game moment: one child places several birds on the branches of trees, and other children turn away, and then, turning around, guess what has changed and how many birds have arrived? etc.

Children love the game panel and very often use it for games during independent activities.

The didactic toy "Turtle" made by teachers is used for conducting exercises on the development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements with children of different ages, with content and methodological methods complicated by necessity. This toy forms the didactics of learning and contributes to the development of: sensory education of the child, orientation in space.

Coming to kindergarten, the child sometimes has a hard time parting with his mother. And here, everyone's favorite funny toy turtle "Tartilla" comes to the aid of us and the children. Game moments bring revival, we invite the children to lie down on the turtle, stroke it, pinch it, or we ask Masha to help the doll find the toy she lost: “The turtle hid the Car toy, we need to find it, who will help?”. Children with pleasure begin to unbutton buttons, locks on the pockets of the turtle, untie the laces, and begin to look for the Car toy.

To increase interest, allow game exercises "On which leg is the lock?", The children answer: "On the right." And what color does the turtle like buttons and laces? ”, Answers“ Blue, red, yellow, green ”, etc.

The turtle wants the children to answer her: “How many red, round buttons are on the hat?” and “Who can tie a beautiful bow?” Children try, work with their fingers, and at the same time they say: “But my mother also has such buttons”, “And my mother braids pigtails and ties bows”. And the conversation is conducted with a toy - a turtle. We, educators, encourage children to recall different facts from life. This is a great scope for the development of imagination and independence.

We also use the didactic wall mats "Funny Buttons" and "Funny Laces" (made by teachers and parents from cardboard and colored fabric) with laces, pigtails, buttons, zippers, Velcro, buttons, hooks, various geometric shapes (triangles, squares, circles, ovals) from pieces of colored fabric, and all kinds of silhouettes (Christmas trees, bunnies, shoes, etc.). That is, we teach children to examine and analyze the shape of objects. In older children, we develop ingenuity, teach the ability to modify, for example, geometric shapes, making quadrangles from several triangles, and a full circle from parts of a circle. All this children have with the help of loops and buttons, as well as hooks and Velcro. If the child does not succeed, we say: “It didn’t work out - think about how you can do it differently”, we support his interest. When conducting exercises, we constantly monitor the accuracy of performing actions, teaching children to use words and expressions correctly in speech. At the end of the game, ask questions to summarize knowledge. For example, “How many Christmas trees are on the red square?”, “How many circles do you need to make a snowman?”, “Why”?

The clothespin games we offer develop fine motor skills and imagination.

For example, we offer the game "Rybka". To interest and activate children, we start the game from a surprise moment. We show an oval-shaped cardboard, and make a riddle (about a fish). Also offered

"Wonderful bag" with interesting contents. In a tied bag, something interesting. We invite the children to touch the bag with their fingers, feel and guess what is in it. We lay out fish blanks cut out of cardboard and clothespins of different sizes and colors. Mouths and eyes are drawn on them, but the tail and fins are missing. We invite children to choose clothespins that match in color and add a tail and fins to each fish, in the exercise “Select all red clothespins”, we encourage them to use the words “many”, “one at a time”, “one at a time”. We draw the attention of the children to the fact that the clothespins must be taken with the right hand and fastened in order from left to right.

Children play with great pleasure.

Skillfully, a subject-developing environment was chosen, regular activities for the development of fine motor skills, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child, improved not only dexterity, coherence and accuracy of finger movements, but also improved attention, memory, developed patience, perseverance. Children have developed creative abilities, awakened imagination, fantasy, for example, to buildings from the designer, cubes, Lego, mosaics. Kids have mastered playing skills, drawing, cutting, sculpting techniques, use them in free activities, depict familiar objects, toys, animals, etc. Children play the learned games and exercises on their own initiative in independent games. Developing and growing up, the children's fingers have become more dexterous, stubborn and playful, they are already acting consciously, and are increasingly approaching their cherished goal. We, teachers, managed to make friends with wonderful toys - hands and fingers. We are sure now they Friends for the rest of your life.

We will not stop at what we have achieved. Activity

Advice for educators:

"Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in children of primary preschool age".

The development of fine motor skills of the hand is the most important task of educating children of primary preschool age. Training the movements of the fingers and the entire hand is one of the factors that stimulate the development of the child.

Researchers studying at preschool age, they noted that the implementation of hand exercises by children helped them master the correct speech. The famous teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky owns the statement: "The mind of a child is at the tips of his fingers."

Currently, the full development of children from preschool age is becoming an urgent problem. An important role in the success of the intellectual and psychophysical development of the child is played by the formed fine motor skills. Fine motor skills - a set of coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems, often in combination with the visual system in performing small and precise movements with the hands and fingers and toes.

Fine motor skills of the hands develop interest, cognitive abilities of the child, it is considered an interesting and useful thing to identify the future abilities of the child's inner world. Activities and games contribute to the development of fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements, stimulate visual and auditory perception, attention, memory, coherent speech and vocabulary. At preschool age, the main activity is the game. Significant experience is accumulated by the child in the game. From his play experience, the child draws ideas that he associates with the word. A good way to stimulate speech are games and exercises for fine motor skills of the hand. It has been proven that even such simple exercises as “Ladushki”, “Forty-white-sided”, “Horned Goat” and others are not just entertainment for kids. Each finger of the hand has an extensive representation in the cerebral cortex, which means that more time should be devoted to the development of fine motor skills: stringing beads, drawing, modeling, appliqué.

The child constantly studies, comprehends the world around him. You need to start working on the development of fine motor skills from an early age. Already an infant, you can massage your fingers, thereby affecting the active points associated with the cerebral cortex. At early and younger preschool age, you need to perform simple exercises accompanied by a poetic text, do not forget about the development of elementary self-service skills: fasten and unfasten buttons, tie shoelaces, etc.

Scientists have proven that the motor impulses of the fingers affect the formation of "speech" zones and have a positive effect on the child's cerebral cortex. A variety of hand actions, finger games stimulate the process of speech and mental development of the child.The better developed the baby's fingers, the easier it will be for him to learn speech.

Movement of fingers and hands are of particular developmental importance, sincehave a huge impact on the development of speech and all higher nervous activity of the child. And speech is one of the most powerful factors and stimuli for the development of the child as a whole. This is due to the exceptional role of speech in human life. With its help, they express thoughts, desires, convey their life experience, coordinate actions. Speech is the main means of communication between people, at the same time the necessary basis of thinking and its tool. The development of speech has a great influence on the formation of personality, volitional qualities, character, and views.

From a very early age, children's fingers can be developed with a light massage, thereby affecting the speech zones. For children of primary preschool age, the simplest exercises, which are very often in poetic form, can contribute to the development of fine motor skills. In addition to exercise, dexterity development in young children can occur as they learn self-care skills. Finger games were also used in regime moments.

In the process of communication between the teacher and the children during regime moments, the children develop the appropriate skills: (wash their hands with soap, take off - hang a towel, hold the spoon and fork correctly, unfasten and fasten sandals, large buttons and buttons) and create a favorable basis for the formation of a dictionary , grammatically correct speech, dialogue, children learning polite forms of communication.)

There are a huge number of games and exercises that develop small muscles. I will name the ones that I use in my practice. They can be conditionally divided into several groups: games for the development of tactile perception, games with water and sand, folklore finger games, exercises with objects, laying out games, stringing games, games with constructors, etc. To develop fine motor skills of the hands, you can use different games and exercises.

Finger games and exercises - this is a staging of any rhymed stories, fairy tales with the help of fingers.

Performing various exercises with the fingers, the child achieves a good development of fine motor skills of the hands, which not only has a beneficial effect on the development of speech (since this inductively stimulates the speech centers of the brain), but also prepares the child for drawing, and later for writing. Hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears.
Finger games are a unique tool for the development of fine motor skills and speech of a child in their unity and interconnection.

Learning texts using "finger" gymnastics stimulates the development of speech. Finger gymnastics solves many problems in the development of the child:

Promotes the acquisition of fine motor skills;

Helps develop speech;

Increases the efficiency of the brain;

Develops mental processes: attention, memory, thinking, imagination;

Develops tactile sensitivity;

Removes anxiety.

The child remembers poetic texts better; his speech becomes more expressive.

"Spider"

The spider walked along the branch, (arms crossed, fingers of each hand “run”
And the kids followed him. (on the forearm, and then on the shoulder of the other hand)
The rain suddenly poured from the sky, (brushes are freely lowered, we perform shaking
Washed the spiders to the ground. movement; clapping palms on the table/knees)
The sun began to warm, (the palms are pressed with their sides to each other,
The spider crawls again, the fingers are spread out, we shake our hands.)
And all the children crawl behind him, (the actions are similar to the original ones.)
To walk along the branch. ("spiders" crawl on the head.

"Orange"

We shared an orange.
A lot of us
And he is alone.
Children squeeze and unclench the fingers of both hands into fists.
This slice is for the hedgehog.
This slice is for a swift.
This slice is for ducklings.
This slice is for kittens.
This slice is for the beaver
Fingers are bent in turn, starting with the thumb.
And for a wolf - peel.
Clench the fingers of both hands into fists
He is angry with us - trouble; (threaten finger)
Run away - Who goes where!
They sharply unclench their fingers, clenched into fists.

"COOKING COMPOTE" We will cook compote,
You need a lot of fruits. Here:
(the left palm is held with a "ladle", and the index finger of the right hand is "interfered")
Let's chop apples
We will cut the pear.
Squeeze lemon juice
(bend fingers one at a time, starting with the thumb)
Put the drain and sand.
We cook, we cook compote.
Let's treat honest people.
(again "cook" and "interfere")

A variety of objective activities have proven themselves very well, which also contributes to the development of fine motor skills. To get the greatest effect during classes, you need to combine finger gymnastics with the following activities:
- fastening and unbuttoning buttons (a special set for classes can be bought at the store);
- all kinds of lacing;
- stringing rings on a braid;
- puzzle games
– sorting the mosaic by cells;
- games with the designer;
- sorting out cereals, grains (for example, separate beans from peas).

The development of speech skills in the process of formation of cognitive interests in young children directly through interaction with objects.

In sensory development and in the formation of elementary mathematical representations, actions with volumetric and planar objects, of different textures and shapes, of different sizes and colors, develop fine motor skills, which contribute to the enrichment of direct sensory experience, the formation of the ability to name the properties of objects, the development of thinking, attention.

In cognitive - research and productive (constructive) activities (with water, sand, snow, various types of constructor), children develop motor skills, as a result of which the vocabulary is enriched, monologic speech and imagination develop.

Finger games and exercises not only improve dexterity and accuracy of movements, but also improve attention, memory, help to learn patience, and develop perseverance. This is a great stimulus for the development of the creative abilities of kids, awakening the imagination and fantasy. Fine motor skills classes will have a beneficial effect on the overall development of the child, help him become more independent and self-confident.

The development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in preschoolers through games and exercises. Educator: Tereshina O. N. nachalo 4 ka. en

Relevance I consider this topic relevant as most of today's children have a general motor lag. Now it is already known that at the initial stage of life, it is fine motor skills that reflect how a child develops, testifies to his intellectual abilities. Children with poorly developed manual motor skills awkwardly hold a spoon, a pencil, cannot fasten buttons, lace up shoes. It can be difficult for them to collect scattered parts of the designer, to work with mosaics. They refuse modeling and applique, which are loved by other children, they do not keep up with the guys in the classroom. Thus, the possibilities of mastering the world by children are impoverished. Children often feel inadequate in elementary activities available to their peers. This affects the emotional well-being of the child, his self-esteem. Many experts, teachers argue that the development of intellectual and thought processes must begin with the development of the movement of the hands, fingers. It has been proven that this is due to the fact that the development of the hand plays an important role in the formation of the brain, its cognitive abilities, and the formation of speech. This means that in order for a child and his brain to develop, it is necessary to train his hands. From how deftly a child learns to control his fingers, his further development depends. That is why I chose the topic of developing fine motor skills, considering it an important part of a child's education.

Purpose Increasing competence in the theory and practice of the development of fine motor skills in children of senior preschool age. Create optimal conditions conducive to the full disclosure of the potential of children. Tasks: 1. To improve the subject-developing environment of the group for the development of fine motor skills. 2. To develop fine motor skills of fingers in preschool children through the use of a variety of forms, methods and techniques.

The system of work on the development of fine motor skills Finger games Finger gymnastics Finger exercises DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR SKILLS finger puppet theater table cooperation Musical director classes applique modeling designing manual labor drawing

Equipment of the pedagogical process. - the use of finger gymnastics during the leisure of children; - the use of finger gymnastics in the classroom, for a walk, etc.; - information sheets for parents; - learning poems, nursery rhymes; - the use of attributes for finger gymnastics. Brush, paints, sheets of paper Dolls, clothes for dolls Beads, string Colored paper Ball, thread Cereals, beans, beans, peas, pasta. Plastic bottles, bottle caps Pipette, bowl Clothespins Coloring books, recipes, diagrams Set of sticks Kuzeneira Constructor "Builder" Finger theater "Kolobok" Finger theater "Turnip" Finger theater "Teremok" and many others. others

THIS IS INTERESTING In Eastern medicine, there is a belief that massaging certain fingers has a positive effect on: Brain Stomach Intestines Liver and kidneys Heart

TOGETHER WITH PARENTS To ensure the unity of the educational influences of the kindergarten and the family; focused on a careful selection of games for the development of fine motor skills for children at home; to prevent the most common mistakes of upbringing in the family; include in active joint work with children and teachers; to achieve emotional and moral relationships between parents and children.

Diagnosing the development of fine motor skills Working on the development of fine motor skills in older children, I have achieved certain results. According to my observations in children, the overall coordination of the movements of the fingers improved. By performing various exercises with their fingers, children achieve a good development of fine motor skills of the hands, which not only has a beneficial effect on the development of speech, but also prepares them for drawing and writing. Hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears, children can work with small objects with dexterity Year Possession Gr. pencil skills 2012 -2013 43% 2013 -2014 81% 31% 79% Possession Working with plasticine scissors 41% 38% 81% 92%

Thus, the conducted studies made it possible to conclude that, indeed, the implementation of the game methodology for the development of fine motor skills of the hand in working with preschool children will be effective, provided: the inclusion of games at different regime moments; taking into account the individual characteristics and playing interests of children; methodically competent guidance of children's play activities; consolidation of game actions by children in the conditions of family education.