Bleeding during early pregnancy. Uterine bleeding during pregnancy. Causes of blood clots during pregnancy

Strange as it may seem, but not any bleeding at the beginning of pregnancy indicates a pathology that needs immediate medical intervention. Moreover, it can be said that in the very early stages of pregnancy, slight bleeding is considered a common symptom that is not a cause for concern and does not pose a threat to the normal course of pregnancy.

The first weeks of pregnancy are the time of a global restructuring of the woman's body, hormonal and physiological. What could be the reasons for the discharge of blood from the genital tract of a pregnant woman?

First of all, during the fixation of the ovum in the wall of the uterus, small fragments of its mucous membrane can be torn off, which causes the appearance of small bloody discharge from the vagina. This vaginal discharge may be brown, brown, or intensely red. Most often, the discharge is not plentiful and does not last longer than a few days. Sometimes they are accompanied by minor spasms, sometimes they are completely painless for a pregnant woman. It is this kind of bleeding that sometimes becomes the first indicators of the onset of pregnancy. We repeat that this does not happen when the pregnancy has already been established, but during the implantation of the fetal egg, that is, when the “real” uterine pregnancy has not yet begun. Most often, in time, such spotting coincides with the time of the onset of the next menstruation, which leads to a fairly common belief that not everyone stops menstruating with the onset of pregnancy.

However, after the pregnancy is established, any bleeding should alert the pregnant woman and make her immediately appear to the obstetrician-gynecologist leading the pregnancy. A fairly common cause of bleeding from the genital tract in pregnant women in the early stages of pregnancy is cervical erosion. This also happens for a completely understandable reason: due to increased blood flow to the uterus during pregnancy, the cervical mucosa may begin to bleed, turning into some kind of inflammatory ulcer. In the case of cervical erosion in pregnant women, blood from the genital tract appears after sexual contact or for no apparent reason at all, such bleeding is not accompanied by pain, is insignificant and quickly stops spontaneously. In addition to erosion, the cause of bleeding in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy can be cervical canal polyps and decidual polyps - harmless tumors that grow in the uterus or cervix. Bleeding is also insignificant and is not accompanied by pain. Depending on the specific situation, the doctor may remove the polyp or wait for the polyp to fall off on its own, as is most often the case. Removal of a bleeding polyp does not harm the course of pregnancy, since curettage of the uterine cavity is not required when it is removed. In parallel with the removal of the polyp, treatment is necessarily carried out aimed at replenishing blood loss and maintaining pregnancy. However, there are other cases when bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy serves as a signal that "not everything is calm in the Kingdom of Denmark." In particular, such severe complications of the first trimester of pregnancy as an ectopic pregnancy can begin with vaginal bleeding. In addition, the discharge of blood from the genital tract of a pregnant woman may indicate the development of any severe pathology of the cervix, up to oncological neoplasms. Other causes of bleeding include varicose veins in the vulva, vaginal infections.

Recall once again: in order not to miss the first signs of these complications, any bleeding in a pregnant woman should be a reason to see a doctor. Spontaneous miscarriage is an extremely serious pregnancy complication that occurs early in pregnancy and usually begins with bleeding. Bleeding indicative of an incipient miscarriage may be minor and painless. However, it does not stop after a short time, but continues to grow both in intensity and in the unpleasant sensations that accompany it. Spontaneous miscarriage occurs in several stages: threatened miscarriage, abortion in progress, incomplete and complete spontaneous miscarriage. These stages differ just in the intensity of bleeding and the presence of pain. With a threatened miscarriage, bloody discharge from the genital tract of a pregnant woman is extremely scarce, pain, as a rule, is absent or is manifested by aching sensations in the lower abdomen. At the same time, the uterus has not yet been changed, and with active and timely treatment, pregnancy can be maintained. A miscarriage that has begun is characterized by slow bleeding, a cramping nature of pain. The cervix at this stage of the miscarriage may already be slightly shortened, and the external os is ajar. At the same time, the woman's condition remains satisfactory, and with proper treatment, pregnancy can be maintained. If this moment is also missed, then it is almost impossible to maintain the pregnancy, and, in addition, severe bleeding during an abortion in the course causes the need for urgent hospitalization, during which the uterine cavity is scraped, with compensation for blood loss, depending on its volume and the condition of the woman. Bloody discharge with incomplete miscarriage is significant, usually has a dark red color, clots can be seen in them. Bleeding is accompanied by cramping pains in the lower abdomen. Emergency care consists in scraping the uterine cavity, removing the remnants of the fetal egg; compensation for blood loss, depending on its volume and the condition of the woman. If there was a complete miscarriage, then there is no bleeding, since the fetal egg is completely released from the uterus. The only thing that the doctor should do in this case is to scrape the uterine cavity so that there are no parts of the fetal egg left there.

With proper and timely treatment, many complications can be avoided, our doctors always strive to keep the pregnancy even at its earliest stages.

The first and also the last trimester of pregnancy are probably the most dangerous periods, when a variety of complications can actually develop, including both vaginal and vaginal ones. I must say that the normal reaction of any sane woman to the sight of blood is, of course, alertness and anxiety. However, believe me, not any bleeding that occurs at the beginning of pregnancy indicates directly deviations and often does not even require medical intervention. Moreover, it is precisely in small bleeding - this is quite a normal phenomenon, and, of course, they should not cause serious concern to the expectant mother.

The reasons for such a release of blood in the first weeks of pregnancy may well be very different: so small fragments of the uterine wall itself may well simply be rejected, causing small ones, as a rule, brown, brown or even red. In the normal, that is, normal state, these discharges, of course, should not be plentiful, but sometimes they can also be accompanied by small spasms. One way or another, it would be desirable for you to consult a doctor anyway and make sure that the fetus is developing absolutely normally.

And also another fairly common and frequent cause of such bleeding in the early stages can also be: because of the increased blood flow directly to the uterus, her neck may well begin to bleed a little. And besides erosion, bleeding can also be caused by some completely harmless tumors that grow directly in the uterus or in the cervix. However, it must be said that bleeding in this case is quite insignificant and is never accompanied by severe pain. Such uniquely benign polyps can either simply be removed, or even fall off on their own, but their removal, as a rule, does not harm the course of this pregnancy.

There are also cases when bleeding in the first trimester should definitely worry the expectant mother. Sometimes serious serious complications begin with a slight discharge, for example, spontaneous miscarriage or even, and sometimes even oncological neoplasms. Even the bleeding itself can also indicate the development of some rather severe pathology of the cervix itself, or varicose veins of the already external genitalia, or infection of the vagina.

But the most difficult complication of pregnancy itself is, of course, spontaneous. And so it just begins with minor bleeding, which at first may be minor and even painless, but when it continues for a long time, it will eventually be accompanied by some discomfort.

Another cause of bleeding in pregnant women themselves can also be an ectopic pregnancy. For example, not noticed in time, it can even lead to rupture of the cervix and then even to death. Remember that all these complications are very dangerous, and therefore, with literally the slightest sign of such an ailment during bleeding, you will need to immediately contact your doctor. And already on the basis of the examination, as well as the necessary ultrasound, it will be possible to immediately determine whether there is some inflammation that could initially cause such bleeding, and, of course, how the pregnancy is proceeding, and whether there is a real threat of miscarriage.

No one will argue with the fact that pregnancy is the most wonderful period in the life of every woman, but one should not forget that this is a period of extraordinary responsibility, attentiveness and, unfortunately, anxiety, first of all, about the state of one's health. It is the body that gives us the first signals that something is wrong. Ignoring them, of course, is not worth it: it is better to play it safe once again with a doctor than to harm your health and your baby.

Is there bleeding during pregnancy? A fairly common occurrence during pregnancy -. It occurs in more than 20% of women. And, as a rule, in half of the cases it goes away on its own and does not indicate violations. But in the other half of the cases, bleeding is dangerous, because it can also end. A signal for this is the appearance of dark blood clots.

Secondly, they may also appear due to cystic drift - a condition when the growth of placental tissue begins. Bleeding in such cases is profuse, but painless. In this case, scraping is carried out and the hormonal status is controlled for about six months.

Another cause of bleeding is chromosomal abnormalities or other defects, which, unfortunately, are incompatible with the life of the fetus. Pregnancy in any case will end in spontaneous miscarriage. After a miscarriage, a woman must definitely consult a doctor to prevent the development of posthemorrhagic shock. Usually, in such situations, diagnostic and therapeutic curettage of the uterus is done so that there are no remnants of the fetal egg, placenta, or ruptured vessels in it. After - the woman will undergo an examination in order to establish the real cause of the miscarriage.

Bleeding can occur if the woman did not notice the miscarriage. In this case, after the rejection of the fetal egg, after some time, bleeding begins, caused by the remains of the embryo and its membranes in the uterine cavity. In such a situation, you should consult a doctor immediately! He will promptly make a curettage.

Also the cause of bleeding. This is a condition where pregnancy develops outside of the uterine cavity. Most often occurs due to partial or complete obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Unfortunately, in such a situation, as a rule, one tube is removed and the abdominal cavity is washed. If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner, peritonitis may appear.

Bleeding occurs in the case of a "frozen" pregnancy. A week after intrauterine death of the fetus, spontaneous miscarriage will begin.

Late bleeding is no less dangerous, since in the second or third trimester bleeding is a clear indicator of pathology, it becomes a threat to the life of the baby and the health of his mother. That is why you should be very attentive to all the signals of your body.

The first cause of late bleeding is placental abruption. At risk are women with preeclampsia, abdominal injuries, polyhydramnios. In addition to bleeding (which in some cases may not occur), there will definitely be severe pain throughout the abdomen. The condition of the fetus will also deteriorate sharply, and therefore doctors will urgently decide on the issue of operative delivery. Placenta previa is also common: when it is located in the area of ​​​​the internal pharynx of the cervical canal. Due to the fact that the wall of the uterus becomes thinner, rupture of blood vessels occurs and bleeding begins. Its color is bright scarlet. The baby does not suffer at the same time, but mom's body - yes.

Bleeding may also occur due to erosion of the cervix, its fibroids, due to, or due to trauma to the genital organs.

How to stop bleeding during pregnancy

It will not be possible to stop the onset of uterine bleeding during pregnancy on its own. Even if hemostatic drugs are at hand, this will not solve the problem. After all, the danger lies in the pathology as a whole, which caused bleeding, and not only in the very fact of bleeding.

In each case, the treatment will be different, due to the cause of bleeding and the condition of the woman. The priority of doctors is always the life of the future mother, and if nothing threatens her, then the life of the child: they will certainly try to save him.

Thus, with the appearance of bloody discharge from the genital tract during pregnancy, you should immediately consult a doctor. If real bleeding has begun (blood from the vagina is released in large quantities, and not in the form of spotting, and has a bright red color), then without delay, without wasting a minute, you should go immediately to the hospital. If there is such an opportunity, then it is better not to wait for the arrival of an ambulance or taxi, but to go to the medical facility with your own car, saving time.

In some cases, your doctor may recommend hemostatic drugs as an emergency treatment. For example, if there is every reason to believe that the pregnancy is threatened with a breakdown, and there is no opportunity to go to the doctor for an in-person examination (for example, the woman is away from the village), then you need to contact the doctor by phone after receiving a consultation. Dicinon injections are often used to stop uterine bleeding. An antispasmodic (No-shpa), a sedative (valerian or motherwort) is also prescribed, in some cases a drug containing progesterone may be needed.

The doctor will certainly prescribe bed rest for his ward, maximum physical (including sexual) and emotional peace. A woman needs to lie down all the time, raising her legs to a hill. You can get up only when absolutely necessary, avoiding sudden movements and turns.

It is not uncommon for a code to stop bleeding during pregnancy is possible only through surgical intervention. Nevertheless, much more often the outcome is favorable, with only one caveat: if a woman seeks professional help in a timely manner. Therefore, be responsible to yourself and your future baby - do not hesitate.

Very often, you can prevent the opening of bleeding if you recognize the signs of a threatened miscarriage at the very initial stage and take the necessary measures. Indeed, often the onset of bleeding is preceded by a deterioration in the condition of the pregnant woman, the appearance of characteristic pains, contractions and spasms of the uterus, which the woman clearly feels with tension and petrification of the lower abdomen. Any of these signs should be a reason to see a doctor.

Especially for- Tatyana Argamakova

In the article, we will consider the factors that provoke bleeding in early pregnancy, which are accompanied by various symptoms and those that are asymptomatic.

Causes of bleeding

In early pregnancy, bleeding can be triggered due to the following circumstances:

An ectopic pregnancy is a condition when a fertilized egg is attached not in the uterus, but in another place (in the abdominal cavity, fallopian tubes, cervix, ovaries). At the earliest stage, the symptoms are similar to uterine pregnancy: nausea, drowsiness, breast enlargement, positive pregnancy test, etc.

Primary symptoms begin to appear in the period from 3 to 8 weeks after the last menstruation: abdominal pain, spotting. If a tube ruptures, there is severe bleeding (internal and external), which is sometimes accompanied by loss of consciousness and a weak pulse. Operative medical intervention is required, as the condition is extremely dangerous for the health and life of a woman.

For the timely detection of an ectopic pregnancy, you should regularly visit a doctor: a gynecological examination and ultrasound are performed.

• Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)

This is a condition in which the cervix opens and there is a partial or complete release of the fetal egg. Spontaneous abortion occurs before 28 weeks. Factors that can provoke a miscarriage are as follows: Rhesus conflict between mother and child; development of infection; any kind of injury or fall; severe stress, etc.

bleeding symptoms

Aching or dull pain in the lower abdomen; spotting, which is replaced by bleeding.

Spontaneous abortion takes place in stages:

• the threat of miscarriage - the appearance of barely noticeable spotting, accompanied by aching pain in the lower abdomen;
• started - slight bleeding, spastic pain in the lower abdomen;
• in the course - profuse bleeding, abdominal cramps;
• incomplete - clots of a dark shade appear in the discharge, profusion may be observed; accompanied by pain.
• complete abortion - at this stage, the uterus is completely freed from the fetal egg, which is accompanied by moderate bleeding. After that, the bleeding itself stops. Scraping is still done to make sure there are no particles left.

The less blood a woman loses, the more likely she is to keep the pregnancy. As a rule, this is possible in the first two stages.

• Bubble skid

After conception, the development of the embryo is disturbed, and bubbles appear on the outer villi of its shell (chorion), which are filled with liquid. In the future, an increase in villi in size is observed. Symptoms of cystic drift: absence of menstruation up to 4 months; bloody issues; toxicosis.

This pathology can be detected during a gynecological examination - a discrepancy between the size of the uterus and the expected gestational age, and during an ultrasound scan, the fetus will not be visualized in the uterus (at week 20).

Bubble drift is extremely rare, but still regular examinations will not be superfluous. If a woman has had a mole, the next pregnancy is not recommended earlier than 2 years later (this time must be under the supervision of a doctor).

• Frozen pregnancy

Fading pregnancy occurs before the 12th week. The reason for the fading of fetal development can be determined by diagnostic means. Some of them may be: a genetic disorder, infectious pathologies or hormonal deficiency.

Symptoms: slight blood discharge, pain in the lower abdomen (maybe without pain), signs of pregnancy disappear, swelling in the chest subsides, there are no signs of the vital activity of the embryo on ultrasound.

• placenta previa

Sometimes it happens that the placenta is placed too low on the wall of the uterus, which causes bleeding (after the 20th week). For a woman, it passes without pain and other symptoms. It is necessary to undergo several ultrasound examinations in order to accurately identify this pathology.

• implantation bleeding

The cause may be an affected vessel during implantation of the fetal egg into the uterus. This can provoke a slight release of blood and does not pose a danger to the embryo at all.

Characteristic will be: the appearance of minor discharge around the time of the onset of menstruation and the woman will not suspect pregnancy; can last from several hours to 2 days; bleeding does not increase; not accompanied by pain.

Bleeding with clots

If, during bleeding, a woman detects clots (from scarlet to dark brown), there is a high probability that these are particles of embryonic tissue. At the same time, the woman feels cramps and pain in the abdomen. Such bleeding occurs in the early stages (up to 12 weeks). As a rule, such a pregnancy is not saved.

What to do?

With the slightest bleeding, and even more so if they are accompanied by pain in the abdomen and there is a deterioration in well-being, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor or call an ambulance.

• If the leading doctor is located near your location, you can get there on your own.
• If the blood is scarlet, and the discharge of blood is plentiful, call an ambulance.
• It is not recommended to use tampons, use pads.
• While waiting for the doctor or ambulance, lie down with your feet elevated.
• Do not take any medication to maintain symptoms so that the doctor can properly diagnose the condition.
• If, during bleeding, a woman loses consciousness, she is shivering and complains of severe abdominal pain - this may be due to a rupture of the tube (with an ectopic pregnancy). Every minute will count. Call an ambulance immediately.

Be healthy!

See you in the next article.