Who Invented the Hairdryer? Extraordinary stories of ordinary things: a hairdryer for drying and styling hair Who created the hairdryer

A hair dryer is an electrical device held in the hand and issuing a directed stream of heated air. The most important feature of the hair dryer is the ability to deliver heat precisely to a given area. The origin of the word föhn is associated with the German brand FOEN, registered in 1941 and referring to the warm alpine wind föhn.
In 1960, a Parisian hairdresser invented the first hair curler. His companion had the idea to start selling and distributing this novelty. This invention contributed to the development of the company in the field of hair care products.

In the 70s, due to growing competition, Babyliss continued to develop its product range and penetrated the market first hair dryers and then to the hot air brush market. At the same time, Babyliss launched an attack on Europe and organized the production of its products in Belgium. In addition, the company opened its R&D laboratory.
Fehn's great-grandfather is from Germany
In 1900, the designers of the Dortmund company Sanitas invented the first hair dryer. The origin of the word is from English. fan, from Latin vannus, fan

hair dryer
Hairstyle for a woman means a lot
And you don't have to walk without styling.
You will create your hair with a hair dryer
And you will conquer many hearts

(to a man)
So that there are no problems with the head,
Accept this miracle hair dryer as a gift.

He came from distant Vienna.
There are such winds - hair dryers.
And since not too long ago
They invented such a device.
I guess definitely
You must use a hairdryer.
He is very friendly with hair -
You will see for yourself.

The great-grandfather of all hair dryers appeared in 1900 in Germany, in the design office of the Dortmund company Sanitas. It looked like a rather large tin can, to which a steel tube was attached on one side, and a wooden handle on the other. In general, the design resembles a slightly deformed watering can. Inside the tin was a small internal combustion engine, a steel coil heated by it, and a propeller that blows hot air through a tube.

When using a hair dryer, it was necessary to keep it at arm's length from the hair, since closer contact with a technical innovation could lead to involuntary ignition, since the temperature of the blown air was about 90 degrees Celsius. He weighed about two kilograms. And this unit received the name "hair dryer" by the name of the dry and thermal wind blowing from the mountains into the valley. By the way, the following modifications of the hair dryer also had other names - for example, "Breeze" or "Lorelei", but for some reason it was "hair dryer" that took root. In the thirties, the explanatory dictionary of the German language "Duden" already indicates two meanings of the word "hair dryer": climatic and domestic.

The brainchild of Dortmund inventors cost a proud 39 marks - a fortune in those days when a trip to the most luxurious hairdresser cost no more than two marks. And, nevertheless, the very first trial batch of two and a half thousand pieces was sold out in a matter of weeks. For all its design flaws, the hair dryer gave a sensational chance to dry hair in five to ten minutes. At a time when almost all women wore long hair, washing and drying them was a very urgent problem.

Before the invention of the hair dryer, special stoves were used to dry hair, to which a pipe was attached to the top, expanding towards the end, from which warm air came - usually mixed with smoke. Some heroic ladies put their wet heads into the oven or dry their hair in front of an open fire. How many women the desire for beauty cost their hair, and maybe their lives - history is silent about this. In a word, the hair dryer arrived just in time. Year after year, the device became lighter, smaller, more powerful and more functional.

Inventor: Sanitas
A country: Germany
Time of invention: 1990

Before the advent of the hair dryer - and it was invented at the beginning of the twentieth century - women came up with all sorts of tricks to dry their hair. For example, pipes expanding towards the end were attached to the stoves, from which hot air came out. The disadvantage was that the hot air went out with the smoke, and the washed hair immediately became dirty, and even covered in soot.

Another extreme, but very popular means of drying hair was an open fire ... Many women caught a cold, going out with wet hair in the sun in windy weather. In a word, drying your head before the invention of the hair dryer was not an easy task.

Finally, unexpected help for the beautiful half of humanity came from France. In 1890, a French hairdresser invented and began to use in his own salon an electric appliance that was designed to quickly dry hair. In terms of design and principle of operation, this device did not differ much from.

As a result, some companies involved in the production of vacuum cleaners began to sell complete with

them special nozzles for drying hair. The very first hair dryer was a large box containing a powerful engine that made a lot of noise and was connected to a pipe system. The design was so bulky that it had to be installed on a solid foundation. The product was piece, and no one was engaged in its industrial production.

But the progenitor of the familiar hair dryer was born only in 1900, in Germany, in the city of Dortmund. The local firm Sanitas produced a device of impressive size: it was a steel device resembling a garden watering can with a deformed spout and a wooden handle.

The unit worked due to the energy of an internal combustion engine with a steel spiral and a propeller - and the air temperature reached ninety degrees Celsius! Therefore, it was required to keep the hair dryer at arm's length from the hair, so as not to get burned. The drying process was complicated by the large weight of the device: it reached two kilograms.

Alas, the price was not pleasing either - the first hair dryers were sold for 39 marks, which at that time was a fortune: a lady who made a chic haircut in the most fashionable salon paid the hairdresser no more than two marks.

Despite all these tangible disadvantages, the first batch of hair dryers that went on sale - 2500 copies - was sold out in two weeks. Here, of course, Her Majesty Fashion said a weighty word: long hair was extremely popular at that time, and the girls were happy to get rid of problems with drying their hair.

However, hair dryers went on sale only in the 1920s in America. American engineers significantly upgraded the invention of their German colleagues: they significantly reduced the weight and size, and also came up with a temperature controller. The peak of the popularity of hair dryers came in the 60s: long hair for men came into fashion, and fashionistas decided not to skimp and spend money on buying a hair dryer, so as not to waste time and nerves on tedious drying in the old ways.

In 1941, the German trademark Foen was registered, in fact, it became a household name, which today is called all devices for drying hair. Translated, this word means "warm alpine wind."

Engineers improving their device called its subsequent modifications no less poetic: “Breeze”, “Lorelei”, but it was the first name that stuck. Initially, the name of a particular model, after a short time, the word “hair dryer” began to denote the entire line of this extremely useful household appliance.

During the last century, the shape, design and dimensions of the hair dryer have changed many times for the better. At first, bulky and inconvenient to use designs were replaced by dryers in the form of helmets and hats. The designers constantly worked to improve the ergonomics of the device, reduce its size and weight, increase power.

At first, steel, chromium, aluminum were used as the material for the manufacture of cases, in the thirties

over the years, they began to be replaced by refractory plastic. The use of plastic for the manufacture of housings has significantly reduced the weight of hair dryers. The very first production models with plastic cases began to be produced by the Germans in 1959. But the principle of their work remains the same - the air is heated from the inside, after which it goes outside and is used for its intended purpose.

For more than 120 years since its invention, the hair dryer has firmly entered the family of electrical appliances needed in every family, along with a vacuum cleaner or a TV. But today, women are increasingly dreaming of having miniature battery-powered hair dryers in their purse that are not inferior in power to wired models. This means that the evolution of this device is not over yet.

A hair dryer or hair dryer is an electromechanical device designed to supply a stream of heated air to wet or damp hair in order to accelerate the evaporation of water particles and dry the hair. The dryer gives you more control over the shape and style of your hair by increasing and regulating the formation of temporary hydrogen bonds within each strand.

The hair dryer was invented around the end of the 19th century. The first model was created by Alexandre Godefroy in his beauty salon in France, in 1980. The handheld, household hair dryer first appeared in 1920. The hair dryer has been used by both professional stylists and regular consumers.

In the manufacture of most models, a coil of wire is used, which has a high electrical resistance, which heats up quickly with the help of an electric current. A fan (usually powered by a universal electric motor) blows air circulating through the hot wire and turns into heated air, which effectively dries the hair. The heating element in most hair dryers is open, in a coil wrapped with nichrome wire, which is wrapped around a heat-insulating heating device. Nichrome wire is used in heating elements because of two important properties: it is a poor conductor of electricity and does not oxidize when heated.

In an analysis of current models on the market, a 2007 study found that most hair dryers have ceramic heating elements due to their “instant heat” potential. That is why it takes less time to heat up the hair dryer, which means that hair drying takes much less time.

Many of the hair dryers have “cold blow” buttons, when the button is pressed, the heater is turned off and air is simply blown at room temperature. This function, when activated, is useful in the process of maintaining hair. Cold air also straightens frizzy hair and can help improve hair's shine.

Other properties of the “ionic model” include a reduction in the accumulated static electricity in the hair. Manufacturers also claim that it makes the hair "smoother". Some stylists today view the introduction of ionic technology as one of the most important advances in the beauty industry.

Hair dryers come with a variety of attachments such as diffusers, airflow concentrators, and combs with nested nozzles. A diffuser is an attachment that is used for voluminous, curly, colored and permed hair. It works by diffusing heat, so the hair dries more slowly than at a lower temperature. Because of this, the hair is less frizzy, and it gives more volume. An airflow concentrator does the exact opposite of a diffuser. It makes the end of the hair dryer narrower and therefore helps to concentrate the heat in one direction, so the hair dries quickly. The nested attachments are the same as the concentrator's airflow, but it ends in comb teeth so that the user can dry their hair using only a hair dryer, without a brush or comb.

Story

The hair dryer was created by AEG around 1935. Before the hair dryer was invented, there was a common device - a vacuum cleaner for men and women, with which they dried their hair.

In fact, the original hair dryer model was invented in 1890 by Alexandre Godefroy, based on the idea of a vacuum cleaner that inspired the creator. Alexander invented the hair dryer to use in his salon in France, and the device itself was not portable or pocketable, but was intended for women to dry their hair by sitting under it. Hot air is blown out through tiny holes around the inside of the appliance (headgear), allowing you to dry your hair evenly. Today, "sushuars" are mostly found in barbershops.

The world's first hair dryer was patented by an American inventor of Armenian origin - Gabriel Kazarian in America, in 1911. Around 1915, a hair dryer that operated in a portable manner began to spread to the market, due to innovations in the National Authority for Marking and Electrical Work under the white cross brand (publicized in 1915, and later in the United States, through the Universal Motor Company and " Hamilton Beach Co." Thanks to these companies, the hand-held hair dryer went into production.

Even in the 1920s, new hair dryers were often heavy, weighing around 2 pounds (0.91 kg) and difficult to use. There were also many cases of overheating and electric shock. In addition, it was possible to use only up to 100 watts of power, which made it take longer to dry the hair (the average power of a hair dryer today can be up to 2000 watts of heat).

Since 1920, the development of the hair dryer has mainly focused on improving the power and appearance, as well as the materials from which the hair dryer is made. In fact, the functioning mechanism of the hair dryer has not undergone any significant changes since its inception. One of the most important changes in the development process of the hair dryer was the change of material to plastic, which made the hair dryer lighter. Such a hair dryer really caught on in the 1960s, along with the advent of better electric heaters and the material - plastic. Another important change came in 1954 when GEC redesigned the dryer by moving the motor inside the case. In addition, considering the safety mechanisms, especially after the creation of a manual for the use of the device by the Consumer Product Safety Commission in the 1970s, hair dryers are considered safe to manufacture. Since 1991, the Commission has required, under US law, that all hair dryers in use be short circuited so as not to shock a person when the hair is wet.

By 2000, deaths had dropped to four per year, a far cry from the previous period, the mid-twentieth century, when hundreds of deaths were recorded.

In terms of health benefits, this type of hair dryer is also mentioned as an effective treatment for head lice. Overall, the size, weight, noise, and appearance of the hair dryer has changed dramatically from the heavy, bulky, noisy, and cunning invention of the first half of the 20th century to the streamlined plastic device that people are used to today.

There are two other main types of hair dryers besides hand-held ones, such as "dryers" and a fixed hair dryer. "Sushuars" were introduced to consumers in 1951.

This kind of hair dryer worked by having dryers, usually in a small portable box, connected to a pipe that came in, the air from it entered through the holes and it was all placed over the top of the person's head. This device worked in such a way that the heat was supplied immediately to the entire head of a person.

In the 1950s a fixed hair dryer would also be introduced. This type of hair dryer is most commonly found in beauty salons, with a hard plastic housing overhead. This type of hair dryer works similarly to a dryer but has a much higher power.

Inventor: Gabriel M. Kazarian

Patent number: 994259

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