traffic rules, traffic lights. Traffic rules for children. Let's remember the rules of the road for preschool children and schoolchildren According to the rules of the road for children
The rules of the road must be known to all its participants - drivers and pedestrians, adults and children. Ignorance of these rules does not release us from the obligation to adhere to them, otherwise trouble may happen.
The purpose of classes with students on traffic rules is that all students are well oriented on the road, understand the principles of car movement and know their actions in various non-standard situations that may occur.
How to avoid typical road traps
The main danger is a standing car! A standing car is dangerous: it can cover another car that is moving at high speed, making it difficult to notice the danger in time. You can not go out on the road because of the parked cars. In extreme cases, you need to carefully look out from behind a parked car, make sure that the danger is not in danger, and only then cross the road.
Do not bypass the standing bus either in front or behind! A standing bus closes a section of the road along which a car can pass at the moment when you decide to cross it. In addition, people near the stop are usually in a hurry and forget about safety. From the stop, you need to move towards the nearest pedestrian crossing.
Know how to anticipate the hidden danger! Because of a standing car, house, fence, bushes, etc., a car may suddenly leave. To cross the road, you need to choose a place where the road is visible in both directions. In extreme cases, you can carefully look out from behind the obstacle, make sure that there is no danger, and only then cross the road.
And at the traffic lights you can meet the danger. Today, on the roads of the city, we are constantly faced with the fact that car drivers violate the Rules of the Road: they drive at high speed, ignoring traffic lights and crossing signs. Therefore, it is not enough to teach children to navigate the green traffic light, you need to make sure that the danger does not threaten. Children often talk like this:« Cars are still standing, drivers see me and let me through». They are wrong!
The car is approaching slowly. And yet you have to skip it. A slow moving car can hide a fast moving car behind it. The child is often unaware that another may be hidden behind one car.
Children often run across the "desert" street without looking.On the street, where cars rarely appear, children run out onto the road without first examining it, and fall under a car. Develop in your child the habit of always stopping before going on the road, look around, listen - and only then cross the street.
Standing on the center line, remember: there may be a car behind! Children usually only watch cars moving on the right side and forget about cars passing behind them. Frightened, the child can take a step back - right under the wheels of the car. If you had to stop in the middle of the road, you must be extremely careful, do not make a single movement without making sure that it is safe.
Outside, hold your child tightly by the hand! Being next to an adult, the child relies on him and either does not observe the road at all, or observes poorly. Adults do not take this into account. On the street, children are distracted by all sorts of objects, sounds, not noticing a moving car, and thinking that the path is clear, they break out of the hands of an adult and run across the road. At the crossing of the road, you must firmly hold the child's hand.
Arches and exits from courtyards are places of hidden danger! In large cities, a place of increased danger is the arches through which cars leave the yards onto the roadway. Do not let the child run past the arch in front of the adult: he must be held by the hand.
Remember! The child learns the laws of the street, taking an example from you, parents, other adults. Let your example teach disciplined behavior on the street not only to your child, but also to other children. Cross the road observing the Rules of the Road.
General provisions
"Road"- a strip of land or the surface of an artificial structure, equipped or adapted and used for the movement of vehicles. The road includes one or more carriageways, as well as tram tracks, sidewalks, shoulders and dividing lanes, if any.
"Roadside"- a road element adjacent directly to the carriageway at the same level with it, differing in the type of coverage or marked out using markings 1.2.1 or 1.2.2, used for driving, stopping and parking in accordance with the Rules.
"Bike"- a vehicle, other than wheelchairs, having two or more wheels and driven by the muscular power of the people on it.
"Driver"- a person driving a vehicle, a driver leading pack animals, riding animals or a herd along the road. A driving instructor is equivalent to a driver.
"mechanical vehicle"- a vehicle, other than a moped, propelled by an engine. The term also applies to any tractors and self-propelled machines.
"Moped"- a two- or three-wheeled vehicle driven by an engine with a working volume of not more than 50 cubic meters. cm and having a maximum design speed of not more than 50 km/h. Bicycles with outboard motors, mokikis and other vehicles with similar characteristics are equated to mopeds.
"Organized Foot Column"- a group of people designated in accordance with paragraph 4.2 of the Rules, moving together along the road in one direction.
"Passenger"- a person, other than the driver, who is in the vehicle (on it), as well as a person who enters the vehicle (gets on it) or leaves the vehicle (gets off it).
"A pedestrian"- a person who is outside the vehicle on the road and does not work on it. Persons moving in wheelchairs without an engine, driving a bicycle, moped, motorcycle, carrying a sledge, cart, baby or wheelchair are equated to pedestrians.
"Crosswalk"- a section of the carriageway marked with signs and (or) markings and allocated for pedestrian traffic across the road. In the absence of markings, the width of the pedestrian crossing is determined by the distance between the signs "Crosswalk":
"Sidewalk"- an element of the road intended for the movement of pedestrians and adjacent to the carriageway or separated from it by a lawn.
"Road user"- a person who is directly involved in the process of movement as a driver, pedestrian, passenger of a vehicle.
Road users are required to know and comply with the requirements of the Rules, traffic lights, signs and markings that apply to them, as well as follow the orders of traffic controllers acting within the rights granted to them and regulating traffic with established signals.
The roads have right-hand traffic.
Road users must act in such a way that they do not endanger traffic or cause harm.
It is forbidden to damage or pollute the road surface, remove, block, damage, arbitrarily install road signs, traffic lights and other technical means of organizing traffic, leave objects on the road that interfere with traffic. The person who created the obstacle is obliged to take all possible measures to eliminate it, and if this is not possible, then by available means to ensure that participants in the movement are informed about the danger and inform the police.
Persons who violate the Rules are liable in accordance with applicable law.
Responsibilities of Pedestrians
1. Pedestrians must move along sidewalks or footpaths, and in their absence, along roadsides. Pedestrians carrying or carrying bulky items, as well as persons moving in unpowered wheelchairs, may move along the edge of the carriageway if their movement on sidewalks or shoulders interferes with other pedestrians.
In the absence of sidewalks, footpaths or roadsides, as well as in case of impossibility to move along them, pedestrians can move along the cycle path or walk in one line along the edge of the carriageway (on roads with a dividing strip - along the outer edge of the carriageway).
When driving along the edge of the carriageway, pedestrians must walk towards the movement of vehicles. Persons moving in wheelchairs without an engine, driving a motorcycle, moped, bicycle, in these cases must follow the direction of the vehicles.
When driving along roadsides or the edge of the carriageway at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, pedestrians are advised to carry objects with retroreflective elements and ensure the visibility of these objects by vehicle drivers.
2. The movement of organized pedestrian columns along the carriageway is allowed only in the direction of movement of vehicles on the right side of no more than four people in a row. In front and behind the columns on the left side there should be escorts with red flags, and in the dark and in conditions of insufficient visibility - with lights on: in front - white, behind - red.
Groups of children are allowed to drive only on sidewalks and footpaths, and in their absence - on roadsides, but only during daylight hours and only when accompanied by adults.
3. Pedestrians must cross the carriageway at pedestrian crossings, including underground and elevated ones, and in their absence - at intersections along the line of sidewalks or roadsides.
If there is no crossing or intersection in the visibility zone, it is allowed to cross the road at a right angle to the edge of the carriageway in areas without a dividing strip and fences where it is clearly visible in both directions.
4. In places where traffic is regulated, pedestrians must be guided by the signals of the traffic controller or a pedestrian traffic light, and in its absence, a transport traffic light.
5. At unregulated pedestrian crossings, pedestrians may enter the carriageway after they estimate the distance to approaching vehicles, their speed and make sure that the crossing will be safe for them. When crossing the carriageway outside the pedestrian crossing, pedestrians, in addition, should not interfere with the movement of vehicles and exit from behind a standing vehicle or other obstacle that limits visibility without making sure that there are no approaching vehicles.
6. Having entered the carriageway, pedestrians should not linger or stop, if this is not related to ensuring traffic safety. Pedestrians who do not have time to complete the transition must stop on the line separating the traffic flows of opposite directions. You can continue the transition only after making sure that the further movement is safe and taking into account the traffic light signal (traffic controller).
7. When approaching vehicles with a blue flashing beacon and a special sound signal on, pedestrians must refrain from crossing the carriageway, and those on it must give way to these vehicles and immediately clear the carriageway.
8. It is allowed to wait for a shuttle vehicle and a taxi only on landing sites raised above the carriageway, and in their absence - on the sidewalk or roadside. In places of stops of route vehicles that are not equipped with elevated landing areas, it is allowed to enter the carriageway to board the vehicle only after it has stopped. After disembarking, it is necessary, without delay, to clear the roadway.
Obligations of Passengers
1. Passengers are obliged:
* when riding a vehicle equipped with seat belts, be fastened with them, and when riding a motorcycle - be in a fastened motorcycle helmet;
* boarding and disembarking should be carried out from the sidewalk or curb and only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop.
If boarding and disembarking is not possible from the sidewalk or shoulder, it can be carried out from the side of the carriageway, provided that it is safe and does not interfere with other traffic participants.
2. Passengers are prohibited from:
* distract the driver from driving the vehicle while it is moving;
* when driving a truck with an onboard platform, stand, sit on the sides or on a load above the sides;
* open the doors of the vehicle while it is moving.
« Teaching preschool children the rules of the road"
Ensuring the health of children is the main goal, the main task of a civilized society. Teaching the rules of the road in kindergarten is a vital necessity, therefore, various traffic rules are always relevant in preschool educational institutions. In kindergarten, the child must learn the basic concepts of the traffic system and learn the most important rules of behavior on the road. Traffic rules in kindergarten is a rather large set of knowledge that educators try to convey to children, because their safety on the road depends on it.
The practice of preschool institutions has now included programs on the basics of life safety for children (OBZh), aimed at developing the child's skills of correct behavior in non-standard, and sometimes dangerous situations on the roads and in transport.
The increase in the number of cars on the streets of cities and towns of our country, the increase in the speed of their movement, the density of traffic flows, the growing traffic jams on roads are one of the causes of traffic accidents. Nobody is left indifferent by the disappointing reports about road accidents, where the victims, unfortunately, are also children. Therefore, ensuring traffic safety on the road is becoming an increasingly important state task. An important role in solving this problem is played by the organization of work to prevent child road traffic injuries in preschool institutions.
In our country, the situation with children's road traffic injuries has been and remains very alarming. In Russia, the number of affected children per 100,000 people is 2 times more than in France and Germany, and 3 times more than in Italy. The number of traffic accidents involving children under the age of 14 per 10 thousand vehicles is 10 times more than in England, 30 times more than in Italy. (D.V. 2007 No. 7, p. 122.)
Children's injuries in our country are tens and hundreds of times higher than in other countries, it is necessary to stop treating the teaching of safe behavior of a child on the roads as a secondary subject. We are convinced that teaching children the rules of safe behavior on the roads while the child is in kindergarten can reduce the serious consequences and the possibility of getting into an accident. The only thing that can save a child on the road is faith in the prohibitive properties of red. The only one who can convince him of this is an adult. And the only way is by example.
The problem of human safety in road traffic arose with the advent of the wheel, horse-drawn cart and carriage. The relationship of the drivers of these vehicles and drivers with pedestrians has always been controlled by the state, which ensured their safety, i.e. protection of life and health.
The slogan “Take care of the child”, under which Catherine 11 in 1764 issued a Decree on the application of the death penalty to the coachman or cab driver guilty of the death of a child, should today become a guide to action for many organizations and countries, especially for preschool teachers.
Pedestrians are the most frequent participants in car accidents. The main causes of road accidents committed through the negligence of underage pedestrians are crossing the road in an unspecified place, disobeying regulation signals and playing near the carriageway. Child passengers are injured in more than a third of road accidents, and the number of children suffering in the cars of their parents, relatives or acquaintances is constantly increasing. Ensuring the safety of children on the streets and roads, the prevention of child road traffic injuries are the main of the most urgent tasks that require urgent solutions.
1. Research of the problem in the field of teaching preschoolers the rules of the road.
The child gets acquainted with the road alphabet and safety rules on the streets very early - as soon as he starts stomping his feet next to his parents along the streets, where he was recently rolled sleeping in a stroller.
Traveling with a child from home to kindergarten and back is an ideal moment for developing safe behavior skills on the street. Before the child, there should always be a personal example of compliance by parents with all traffic rules without exception.
Today, the problem of educating preschool children in the skills of safe behavior on the streets of the city is very relevant. In domestic pedagogical practice, sufficient experience has been accumulated in teaching preschoolers safe behavior on the roads by N. N. Avdeeva, R. B. Sterkina, N.L. Knyazeva, A.V. Gostyushin, N.I. Klochanov, M.M. Kotik, O.A. Skorolupova, T.A.ShorygiyoY and others.
This problem was dealt with by Saulina T.F., who developed a manual for teachers and parents "Three traffic lights". The manual presents the main areas of work to familiarize preschoolers 3-7 years old with the rules of the road, abstracts of classes and entertainment, games, literary and other additional material. The book is addressed to teachers of preschool educational institutions, methodologists in preschool education, as well as parents.
Danilova T.I., who developed the Traffic Light program, also studied this problem. Teaching preschool children traffic rules. The relevance and vital necessity of teaching preschool children the rules of the road is undoubtedly important. The purpose of this manual is to develop the skills of safe behavior on the roads in preschoolers. The manual presents a system of classes of the cognitive cycle, excursions, targeted walks.
Research in this area is ongoing in kindergartens at the present time.
Many teachers develop programs and projects to teach children the rules of the road. The problem of child road traffic injuries still remains relevant. And the need to bring to children the first information about the rules of the road already at preschool age is dictated by life itself. The most important role in the prevention of child traffic injuries belongs to preschool educational institutions. Educators, teachers, parents should help the child become a disciplined pedestrian, strictly complying with traffic rules by conducting activities in various forms.
2. Methods of teaching the rules of the road for preschool children.
An analysis of modern methodological literature has shown that when teaching children the rules of behavior on the streets and roads, explanatory and illustrative methods are most widely used: conversations, didactic games, stories, reading works of art, as well as practical in the educational field "Artistic creativity" - this is drawing, modeling, appliqué. More and more diverse differentiated forms of work with children are needed. Moreover, most of them should be illustrated, theatrical, musical, playful. Existing educational programs to some extent solve the problem of establishing the foundations of safe life for preschoolers. They allow in the shortest possible time to convey a large amount of information, to pose problems for preschoolers and indicate ways to solve them, to evoke vivid pictures and traffic situations in their minds, to activate memory and feelings. The content of education in them is determined by the current Rules of the road.
The methodology of work within the framework of training traffic rules should be built taking into account an integrated approach. Performing tasks, preschool children conduct observations, explore, draw, design, model, listen to music, etc. They have a very well-developed creative imagination, which leaves bright moments in the minds of children, helps to consolidate the acquired knowledge in practice, embodying them in their creative works. Any child will quickly understand and learn traffic rules, presented not only in an ordinary conversation, but also in a road tale close to children, a quiz, a game, but doing artistic work - drawing, creating compositions, applications, crafts from clay, plasticine, etc. By studying the rules not only theoretically, but also practically, children will achieve undoubted success in learning traffic rules.
Only by joint efforts, using knowledge, patience and tact, it is possible:
To expand children's ideas about the rules of safe behavior on the streets.
and roads of the city, in public and personal transport through active forms of cognition: design, construction, modeling, artistic and creative activity - drawing, modeling, application;
To teach children to reflect knowledge and ideas about traffic rules in the drawing and share their experience with others;
Awakening emotional interest in the knowledge of traffic rules, improve children's skills to design, model, combine, draw, sculpt, create creative compositions on a given topic;
Raising interest in the knowledge of traffic rules, develop the desire to show intellectual and constructive abilities, teach our children the skills of organizing a safe image, activate attention, observation, ingenuity, initiative
Education of the rules of the road, education of a culture of behavior on the street should be carried out in accordance with the implementation of program requirements in the complex of the entire educational process, avoiding overloading children with unnecessary information and taking into account the state of health and mood of the children. Such work requires the educator to clearly select the necessary visual and game material.
An important condition for the successful teaching of children the rules of safe behavior on the roads is the creation of an appropriate material base and a developing environment. The developing environment for teaching the basics of road safety in a group includes layouts of city streets, transport sets, road signs, traffic lights, attributes for role-playing games, didactic games. When building a system of work for studying the Rules of the Road for preschoolers, three aspects of interaction with the city's transport system should be borne in mind:
The child is a pedestrian;
The child is a passenger in public transport;
The child is the driver of children's vehicles (bicycle, snow scooter, sled, roller skates, etc.).
In this regard, the work on educating the skills of safe behavior of children on the streets should by no means be a one-time action. It must be carried out planned, systematically, constantly. It should cover all types of activities so that the child passes the knowledge gained through productive activities and then implements it in games and everyday life outside the kindergarten. This work should not be singled out as an independent section, but should be included in all sections and directions of the kindergarten education program.
organized forms of learning in the classroom,
joint activities of an adult and a child,
child's independent activity
education of behavioral skills,
getting to know the environment
speech development,
fiction,
construction,
art,
game.
Methodical work in a preschool institution occupies a special role. The main role is played by the methodological office, which is being created to provide daily and targeted methodological assistance to educators in working with children and parents, including the prevention of child road traffic injuries. There are generalized materials, along with their own experience, the experience of other kindergartens in the city is presented. All materials are annotated with brief recommendations for their application and use.
The methodological office should have visual teaching aids for different age groups - demonstration pictures, posters, handout didactic material, street layouts, diagrams, various toys: special vehicles (cars, trucks, ambulances, firefighters and others); puppets dressed as traffic controllers; necessary attributes for traffic control - wands, traffic lights, etc.; methodical fiction, literary material for reading and learning by heart; scenarios for holidays and entertainment. Much attention is paid to the issues of professional development of teachers, including in the field of prevention of child road traffic injuries.
Exhibitions of children's drawings, manuals, didactic games are organized; reviews for the best group in work on traffic rules; materials for working with parents (questionnaires, tests and other materials) are being developed.
N.N. Avdeeva points out that the educational process is recommended to be carried out:
Through direct perception of the road environment during targeted walks, where children observe the movement of vehicles and pedestrians, road signs, traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, etc.;
In the process of special development and training sessions on road topics
It is especially important to develop such skills and habits as a conscious attitude to one's own and other people's actions, that is, the child's understanding of what is right or wrong. Also of great importance is the formation of a habit in a preschooler to restrain his impulses and desires (for example, to run when it is dangerous, etc.).
At this age, children are especially susceptible to suggestion. They need to be taught that it is impossible to go outside the kindergarten on their own. On the street you can only be with an adult and be sure to hold his hand. Children should be educated constantly: in the process of games, walks, special exercises that develop motor skills, when performing tasks in albums for drawing, tracing, shading, designing, performing applications, etc. on road topics, in classes for the development of speech using road vocabulary, when analyzing dangerous and safe traffic situations
The principle of visibility is especially important, which is traditionally used in working with preschoolers, when they themselves must see, hear, touch everything and thereby realize the desire for knowledge.
Thus, the program of upbringing and conducting didactic classes is aimed not so much at teaching preschoolers directly to the rules of the road (by the way, the teacher himself should know them well), but at forming and developing their skills and positive sustainable habits of safe behavior on the street.
A.V. Gostyushin believes that we must not forget that in each group of kindergarten there are preschoolers who are included in the "risk group". These can be overly mobile children or, conversely, too inhibited. With them, the educator conducts classes taking into account their individual characteristics and without fail organizes work with their parents.
Simulation of dangerous and safe road situations;
Independent work in drawing albums or specially designed notebooks, which forms and develops the cognitive processes of children;
Interactive survey;
The collective activity of children in the study, understanding and awareness of the rules of the road, danger and safety in the road environment.
younger preschool age, gradually increasing the knowledge of preschoolers in such a way that by the time they go to school they can already navigate the street and clearly know the rules of the road.
Thus, the analysis of scientific literature on the topic of the study made it possible to draw the following conclusions.
The program of education and didactic classes is aimed not so much at teaching preschoolers directly to the rules of the road, but at forming and developing their skills and positive sustainable habits of safe behavior on the street.
At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the following regularity: the more useful skills and habits of safe behavior on the street are formed in a preschooler, the easier it will be for him to gain knowledge on road topics in a general education institution.
2. Effective forms and methods of teaching preschool children with the rules of the road.
The main goal of educational work on teaching children the basics of road safety should be to develop the necessary skills and abilities in children, to develop positive, sustainable habits of safe behavior on the street. The educational process is recommended to be carried out:
1. Through direct perception of the road environment during targeted walks, where children observe the movement of vehicles and pedestrians, road signs, traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, etc.;
2. In the process of special development and training sessions on road topics. It is especially important to develop such skills and habits as a conscious attitude to one's own and other people's actions, that is, the child's understanding of what is right or wrong. Also of great importance is the formation of a habit in a preschooler to restrain his impulses and desires (for example, to run when it is dangerous, etc.).
When educating preschoolers, the teacher uses methods such as suggestion, persuasion, example, exercise, encouragement. At this age, children are especially susceptible to suggestion. They need to be taught that it is impossible to go outside the kindergarten on their own. On the street you can only be with an adult and be sure to hold his hand. Children should be educated constantly: in the process of games, walks, special exercises that develop motor skills, when performing tasks in albums for drawing, tracing, shading, designing, performing applications, etc. on road topics, in speech development classes using road vocabulary, when analyzing dangerous and safe traffic situations. The principle of visibility is especially important, which is traditionally used in working with preschoolers, when they themselves must see, hear, touch everything and thereby realize the desire for knowledge.
Thus, the program of education and didactic classes is aimed not so much at teaching preschoolers directly to the rules of the road, but at forming and developing their skills and positive sustainable habits of safe behavior on the street.
We must not forget that in each group of kindergarten there are preschoolers who are included in the "risk group". These can be overly mobile children or, conversely, too inhibited. With them, the teacher conducts classes taking into account their individual characteristics and without fail organizes work with their parents.
Especially effective is the use of an interactive teaching method aimed at actively including children in a dialogue. Using this method, the teacher can help the children visualize the movement of vehicles and pedestrians, understand dangerous and safe actions in specific situations, develop their ability to observe, compare, analyze, generalize visual information and transfer it ultimately to real road conditions.
It is necessary to start training already from the early preschool age, gradually increasing the knowledge of preschoolers in such a way that they can already navigate the street by school and clearly know the rules of the road.
In the younger group, classes are best done on walks (for better visibility). It is important for the teacher to explain to children how much more dangerous real cars are compared to the toy ones they know.
In group classes, it is useful to resort to visual modeling of traffic situations. The best way is to encourage preschoolers to play with cars, during which they will say out loud each action (the car turned around, reversed, increased speed, etc.).
To develop the correct orientation of children in space, it is necessary to teach them to locate objects (to the right, to the left, in front, behind, above, below), their sizes, and also to teach them to compare objects according to these parameters. As a result of such activities, preschoolers gain knowledge about what a traffic light, transport, road is. They get used, being on the street, to hold an adult by the hand.
Didactic classes on road topics can be carried out in the form of drawing in albums or in special notebooks with tasks for shading, tracing, drawing objects that develop fine motor skills of the hands. On walks with children of middle preschool age, you need to start learning how to orientate in the area, namely on the territory of a kindergarten. Also, the educator must certainly explain that it is impossible to go beyond it on your own.
On walks outside the territory of the preschool educational institution, it is necessary to expand the knowledge of preschoolers about vehicles, their types and design features. The teacher shows the children those parts of the street where pedestrians are safe: the sidewalk, pedestrian crossings, along which, holding an adult by the hand, you can cross the roadway. On the street, it is useful to carry out exercises for the development of the eye and peripheral vision.
Thus, the children develop the ability to feel and distinguish a hidden threat in the road environment.
In the classroom, the teacher can give the task to write a story about the traffic situation. At the same time, the teacher unobtrusively reinforces the preschoolers' understanding of which places on the street are dangerous, and also finds out how well the children know the road vocabulary.
In explanations, it is useful to use illustrative material: books and posters depicting dangerous situations, for example: in the yard, as well as various instructions for behavior near the roadway.
Thus, by the age of five, children's ideas about the rules of safe behavior on the street are expanding, and the skills of observing what is happening in the road environment are being formed.
On walks outside the territory of a preschool institution, it is recommended to draw the attention of preschoolers to the correct and incorrect actions of other pedestrians. At the same time, the teacher needs to see if the children themselves can tell what exactly some pedestrians do wrong, why their actions are dangerous, and what needs to be done to be safe. Both on walks and in group classes (with the help of illustrative material), preschoolers need to pay attention to the features of the movement of large and small vehicles. The teacher explains what a "closed review" is.
An interesting and effective form of work will be the organization of role-playing games in which the children will bring the skills of safe behavior on the street to automaticity.
If the kindergarten has a model of a microdistrict with streets adjacent to the territory of the kindergarten, then the teacher, placing the children around the model, can tell them about the city, streets, traffic lights: transport and pedestrian, pedestrian crossings, etc. Using figures of pedestrians and vehicles, clearly show what can happen if you violate the rules of the road. And also explain how to behave correctly on the streets and roads, show dangerous turns of transport at intersections, etc.
Thus, in the older group, ideas about the rules of safe behavior on the street are expanding, and the awareness and understanding of preschoolers of dangerous and safe actions is checked.
Particular attention should be paid to the children of the preparatory group, because they are future schoolchildren who will soon have to cross the road on their own, perform the duties of a pedestrian and a passenger. With them, classes continue on the development of cognitive processes: attention, perception, imagination, thinking, memory, speech. Preschoolers in this age group need to develop the ability to
perception of spatial segments and spatial orientation.
They must be able to independently assess the actions of the driver, pedestrian and passenger, to anticipate the danger on the street.
Therefore, in the playing corner of the 1st junior group there should be:
1. Set of vehicles
2. Illustrations depicting vehicles
3. Circles of red and green color, a model of a pedestrian traffic light.
4. Attributes for the role-playing game "Transport" (multi-colored steering wheels, caps of different types of cars, badges, vests with the image of a particular type of transport, etc.)
5. Didactic games "Collect a car" (from 4 parts), "Put the car in the garage", "Traffic light".
In the second younger group, children continue to work. Therefore, you should add:
1. Pictures for the game on the classification of modes of transport "What passengers ride", "Find the same picture."
2. The simplest model of the street (preferably large), where the sidewalk and the roadway are indicated.
3. Layout of a transport traffic light (planar).
For children of the middle group in the corner of road safety must be:
1. Model of a traffic light with switching signals, operating from a battery.
2. Didactic games "Find your color", "Collect a traffic light"
3. On the model of the street, it is necessary to draw a pedestrian crossing.
In the senior group in the corner of road safety should appear:
4. The layout of the intersection, with the help of which the guys will be able to solve complex logical problems on road safety, practice the skills of safely crossing the roadway at the intersection. It is desirable that this model be with removable objects, then the children themselves will be able to model the street.
5. Also, a set of road signs is required, which necessarily includes such road signs as: informational and indicative - “Pedestrian crossing”, “Underground pedestrian crossing”, “Bus and (or) trolley bus stop”; warning signs - "Children"; prohibition signs - “Pedestrian traffic is prohibited”, “Bicycle traffic is prohibited”; prescriptive signs - "Pedestrian path", "Bicycle path";
priority signs - "Main road", "Give way"; service signs - "Hospital", "Telephone", "Food point". It's good to have small signs on stands for layout work, and larger signs on stands for creative role play.
6. Didactic games: “What do the signs say?”, “Guess the sign”, “Where is the sign hidden?”, “Crossroads”, “Our street”
7. In addition, for children of the older group, they are introduced to the work of a traffic controller. This means that in the traffic police corner there should be diagrams of traffic controller gestures, a didactic game “What does the baton say?”, Attributes of a traffic police inspector: baton, cap.
In the preparatory group, the guys meet with problematic situations on the roads (the so-called road "traps"), the knowledge of children about the Rules of the Road is already systematized. The content of the corner is more complicated:
1. A card index of “dangerous situations” is being assembled (you can make an impromptu TV or computer to show them)
2. A window is being organized for issuing driver's licenses to those who have passed the exam on traffic rules.
In all groups, it is good to have a flannelograph - for modeling situations on the road, as well as a set of transparencies on various topics.
Teachers should remember that in the process of teaching children the rules of the road, one should not be limited to verbal explanations. A significant place should be given to practical forms of education: observation, excursions, targeted walks, during which children can learn in practice the rules for pedestrians, observe traffic, consolidate previously acquired knowledge on correct behavior on the road. A very interesting form of prevention of children's road traffic injuries are targeted walks with kindergarten students.
Targeted walks are aimed at consolidating the knowledge gained in the classes on traffic rules in groups by preschoolers. In each of the age groups, targeted walks to teach the child the correct behavior in traffic situations provide for their own tasks, topics and frequency.
You can use a combination of various types of children's activities in content and form:
Observations, excursions;
Games, competitions, mobile, didactic, role-playing (“Family”, “Crossroads”, “Hospital”), theatrical;
Making collages;
Modeling and analysis of given situations;
Writing stories and making them into books;
Conversations, reading fiction.
Educational quizzes where children show their knowledge;
Minutes of security;
Most of all, children like to watch cartoons and game programs, and they also enjoy watching educational videos: “Cautious Tales”.
Much attention should be paid to working with parents. At meetings and in conversations, with the help of visual propaganda, emphasize the moral responsibility that lies with adults. By unconditionally obeying the requirements of road discipline, parents should set an example for their children, since preschoolers learn to break the rules of behavior, first of all, from adults. Therefore, preschool teachers face the task of conveying information not only to children, but also to their parents in such a way that they develop a vital habit of following the rules of the road and teach their children to do the same. Only in close cooperation between the kindergarten and the family can children develop solid skills of cultural behavior on the street, that discipline that encourages them to obey the order. Then the habit of walking down the street correctly will become the norm of behavior for children.
1. Information about the state of road traffic injuries in the city;
2. Causes of traffic accidents involving children;
4. A list and description of games aimed at consolidating the already existing knowledge of the Rules of the Road in children;
5. Children's stories about their behavior on the road when driving to kindergarten and back with their parents.
Thus, teaching children the rules of road safety is a systematic and purposeful process, during which students acquire the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for safe movement.
3. The role of parents in teaching children the rules of the road
Parents help teach children the rules of the road A child's real experience on the street is related to where his parents live, what modes of transport they use, how far is his kindergarten from home and how he gets to it.
The child's behavior is influenced by the behavior of adults. Since most often he crosses the road with his parents, the interaction of the kindergarten with the family in matters of education, a prudent attitude to transport is paramount.
It is important to explain to parents that the child should not just be afraid of getting injured or afraid of cars, but understand that accidents and other people can suffer through his fault. Adults should, when communicating with a child on the street, constantly explain their behavior when crossing the street, when using personal and public transport.
Playing out situations with cars, trains, dolls, street plans, etc. children can already understand at preschool age how the rules of interaction of road users are arranged. Watching people walking and standing from the point of view of a vehicle driver, skating, rollerblading, skiing, sledding, scootering, biking, children can get the experience of moving at different speeds, feel what it means to collide with an obstacle at high speed.
Parents should also know all this.
Working with parents can take many forms:
Joint entertainment and leisure: “Everyone should know the ABC of the streets”, “Competent pedestrian”.
Educator's advice: "The role of adults in teaching children safe behavior on the road", "Features of the behavior of preschool children on the road."
Creation of memos, screens on road topics: “Attention - we are crossing the street”, “To the parent - the driver”, “How to ride in public transport”, “Do you remember?”
Questioning.
Demonstration classes.
Meetings with the traffic police inspector. Watching videos: "What causes inattention to children."
Thematic conversations, round table meetings: “But in our family it is like that” - exchange of experience.
Competitions: drawings: "My street", "Road through the eyes of children", "Necessary signs"; layouts, traffic lights.
Maintenance of corners for parents to study the rules of the road
The main purpose of creating a road safety corner is to explain to parents that they are the main link in teaching children the Rules of the road. It is from their actions that it depends how firmly the child will master the skills of safe behavior on the road. It is their behavior that is decisive when a child chooses “his own style” of crossing the roadway.
Making out such a corner, the teacher must make parents his main allies in teaching kids the complex alphabet of roads. Here it is important to show parents the seriousness of the problem, to identify situations that often lead to tragedy, to explain in what cases and why children feel uncomfortable on the road.
The corner can be designed like this:
A single stand (dimensions depend on the availability of free space and the amount of information placed, but not less than 30 * 65 cm).
A set of components, each of which is designed to contain separate information
Folding book
To attract the attention of parents when decorating a corner, it is recommended to use bright, eye-catching slogans, for example:
"The price of haste is the life of your child"
"Attention - we are your children!"
"The child has the right to live!"
“It’s stupid to save your time at the expense of a child’s life”
Given the important role of parents in teaching children the rules of the road, a corner for parents should contain:
Information about the state of road traffic injuries in the city
Causes of road traffic accidents involving children
List and description of games aimed at consolidating children's existing knowledge of the Rules of the Road
Children's stories about their behavior on the road when driving to kindergarten and back with their parents.
During the school year, at parent-teacher meetings, it is necessary to bring the curriculum to parents in the part that provides for measures to prevent child injuries on the street, in the yards. Draw the attention of parents to especially dangerous areas in the yard, on the street, and also recommend places for children to play.
Recommend, especially to young parents, to draw up a diagram of the yard indicating dangerous places. This helps children navigate faster and avoid accidents. Using these schemes, you can invite children to tell how they will play in the yard: where it is safe to ride a bike, play ball, badminton and other games. Conversely, children should tell where they are not allowed to play; these are parking lots, garages, dustbins, various buildings. All this disciplines children, they quickly understand what can and cannot be done. In the course of daily work with parents, inform them about how the child behaves on walks, in a group, and give them the necessary recommendations, for example: read a poem; buy a child (or make together with him) toy cars, traffic lights, figures of guards and organize a game with various situations that children can get into on the street.
Now, when many parents have video equipment, computer equipment, they can be used to teach the child the rules of the road and safe behavior on the roads and streets.
Observe the work of the traffic light, draw the child's attention to the relationship between the colors at the traffic light and the movement of cars and pedestrians;
Show traffic signs, talk about their purpose and the procedure for pedestrians and drivers.
The child learns the laws of the road, first of all, by the example of adults. The example of the elders should contribute to the development in the child of the habit of behaving in accordance with the rules of the road. This is the main factor in the education of disciplined behavior on the street. To consolidate the program material, children are given homework assignments that they performed under the guidance of their parents.
Conclusion
Systematic work with children on teaching the rules of the road, the use of effective, modern methods and techniques, taking into account age characteristics give positive results. Diagnostics of knowledge on the rules of the road and safe behavior shows the following results: that all children have mastered the road signs well, know the rules for crossing the road with and without a traffic light, they know the rules of passenger behavior very well.The main thing for educators and parents in introducing preschoolers to the rules of the road is to convey to children the meaning, the need for knowledge and skills on this issue. And it is always necessary to remember that the child learns the laws of the road, taking an example from family members and other adults. After all, it’s not enough just to read, tell, teach a child, you need to show how to behave on the street. Otherwise, any purposeful training loses its meaning.
And in conclusion, I would like to say that every teacher who is entrusted with the upbringing of children needs to master modern scientific and pedagogical knowledge based on the practical experience and recommendations of traffic police officers. Only then will the number of road traffic accidents involving children significantly decrease. Understanding the problem of road safety and carrying out systematic and purposeful work to form the basics of safe behavior on the roads and streets of the city among preschoolers, we can assume that the knowledge gained will be useful to pupils and parents of preschoolers in the future and will save not only health, but also life.
List of used literature
1. Antyukhin E., Sulla M. The concept of education of life safety // Fundamentals of life safety. - 1997. - No. 5. С-5
2. Klimenko V.R. "Teach preschoolers the rules of the road."
M. "Enlightenment" 1973
3. Lapshin V.I. Rules of the road of the Russian Federation. M. "Transport" 1999
4. Program "Childhood". The team of authors is the teachers of the Department of Preschool Pedagogy of the Russian State Pedagogical University. A.I. Herzen.
5. Program "Origins". The team of authors - researchers of the Center "Preschool Childhood" named after. A.V. Zaporozhets.
6. The program of the health-saving direction "Fundamentals of the safety of preschool children" Authors: R. B. Sterkina, O. L. Knyazeva, N. N. Avdeeva.
7. Saulina T.F. "Three traffic lights" M. "Enlightenment" 1989
8. Stepanenkova E.Ya., Filenko M.F. "To preschoolers about the rules of the road." M. "Enlightenment" 1975
9. Khromtsova T.G. Education of safe behavior of preschool children on the street: Textbook - M .: Center for Pedagogical Education, 2007.
10. Cherepanova S.N. Rules of the road - M .: "Publishing house Scriptorium 2003", 2009.
11. Yuryanin "Traffic light" M. Publishing house "Children's literature" 1971
I just went outside the yard -
And I saw a traffic light.
The red light came on -
We have no way forward.
I stand and wait for
May I go, but even
Yellow light, surprisingly.
Doesn't give me permission.
Tells me:
- Stop and wait!
Green light - go!
The green light shines brightly -
Come boldly, children!
Dear parents!
This page is for you and your children.
Rules for Parents
The child begins to get acquainted with the rules of the road long before coming to kindergarten. The first knowledge and experience he receives from observations of his loved ones, parents. Therefore, it is very important that the parents themselves not only know, but also adhere to the rules of the road in everyday life.In kindergarten, active work is underway to study the rules of the road with children. But only parents, by their personal example, by evaluating behavior, will be able to translate these rules into the norm of the child's behavior. The suggestions below address typical traffic situations that children need to be aware of at all times.
The main danger is a standing car!
A standing car is dangerous: it can cover another car that is moving at high speed, preventing you from noticing the danger in time. You can not go out on the road because of the parked cars. In extreme cases, you need to carefully look out from behind a parked car, make sure that the danger is not in danger, and only then cross the road.
Do not bypass the standing bus either in front or behind!
A standing bus closes a section of the road along which a car can pass at the moment when you decide to cross it. In addition, people near the stop are usually in a hurry and forget about safety. From the stop, you need to move towards the nearest pedestrian crossing.
Know how to anticipate the hidden danger!
Because of a standing car, house, fence, bushes, etc., a car may suddenly leave. To cross the road, you need to choose a place where the road is visible in both directions. In extreme cases, you can carefully look out from behind the obstacle, make sure that there is no danger, and only then cross the road.
The car is approaching slowly, and yet you must let it pass.
A slow moving car can hide a fast moving car behind it. The child is often unaware that another may be hidden behind one car.
And at the traffic lights you can meet the danger.
Today, on the roads of the city, we are constantly faced with the fact that car drivers violate the Rules of the Road: they drive at high speed, ignoring traffic lights and crossing signs. Therefore, it is not enough to teach children to navigate the green traffic light, you need to make sure that the danger does not threaten. Children often reason like this: “The cars are still standing, the drivers see me and let me through.” They are wrong.
Children often run across the "desert" street without looking.
On the street, where cars rarely appear, children run out onto the road without first examining it, and fall under a car. Develop the habit of always looking around the child before going out onto the road to stop, listen - and only then cross the street.
Standing on the center line, remember: there may be a car behind!
Having reached the center line and stopped, children usually only look for cars moving on the right side and forget about cars passing behind them. Frightened, the child can take a step back - right under the wheels of the car. If you had to stop in the middle of the road, you must be extremely careful, do not make a single movement without making sure that it is safe.
Outside, hold your child tightly by the hand!
Being next to an adult, the child relies on him and either does not observe the road at all, or observes poorly.Adults do not take this into account. On the street, children are distracted by all sorts of objects, sounds, not noticing a moving car, and thinking that the path is clear, they break out of the hands of an adult and run across the road. At the crossing of the road, you must firmly hold the child's hand.
Arches and exits from courtyards are places of hidden danger!
In large cities, a place of increased danger is the arches through which cars leave the yards onto the roadway.Do not let the child run past the arch in front of the adult: he must be held by the hand.
Remember!
The child learns the laws of the street, taking an example from you, parents, other adults. Let your example teach disciplined behavior on the street not only to your child, but also to other children. Cross the road observing the Rules of the Road.
Tips for parents. 
Dad! Dad! Do not forget,
Strap me to a chair!
How often one has to observe such a picture: in the morning, mothers and fathers bring their precious children to kindergarten. The baby is proudly based in the front seat of the car, next to a happy father, and none of them are wearing a seat belt! Moms are more “responsible” in this matter, they do not forget to fasten themselves with a seat belt, and the baby will be placed in the back seat. The child is left on his own. In the best case, an adult sits next to the child in the back seat.Parents, do you care about your children's lives? When buying a car, motorists are increasingly paying great attention to the issue of safety: the brake system, seat belts, airbags, etc. In an emergency, adults have a chance to stay alive. And the children, in the event of a collision, fly like "corks from a bottle." Remember that an impact lasts a tenth of a second, G-forces in an accident increase body weight dozens of times. Even if the child is held by an adult, his hands will not be able to develop an effort of hundreds of kilograms. And if an adult is not yet fastened in a collision, then colossal overloads will throw him forward as well. And he'll just flatten the baby...There is only one guarantee for the safety of our children - a special car seat.Unfortunately, domestic manufacturers do not produce child car seats. And imported seats are not cheap. How to properly install a child seat in a car? This depends on the age of the child. Babies under one year old must ride reclining and against the course! You can turn the child seat in the direction of travel when the child grows so much that his legs will rest against the back of the car seat. This usually happens by the age of two.
Attention! When using the child car seat, strictly follow the instructions! Consult with the sellers of the store on your questions, because the life of a child is at stake!
The safest place in a car is behind the driver. Experts advise: to transport a small passenger there, and if an adult holds a child in his arms, they recommend sitting sideways on the seat, with his back to the door. Keep the child on your knees with legs forward.
Remember that paragraph 22.8 of the Rules of the Road states that it is forbidden to carry children under 12 years old in the back seat of a motorcycle, and in the front seat of a car in the absence of a special restraint device.
Take care of the safety of little passengers! Good luck on the roads!
"WHAT YOUR CHILD SHOULD KNOW..." 
In an environment of ever-increasing traffic intensity and an increase in the number of accidents, it is difficult for pedestrians to do without knowledge of the rules of the road. It is wiser to start studying traffic rules long before the children go to school.
The child must know
1. The way from home to kindergarten.
2. Know the following traffic rules: do not walk on the pavement, cross the street in the indicated places, walk calmly, without pushing, speak quietly, etc.
3. Know a number of road signs, their meaning and purpose (warning, prohibiting, indicative), the operation of a traffic light.
4. Know the rules of conduct in a public place and transport: wait for the bus only at a bus stop, do not touch the doors while driving, do not lean out the window, do not put your hands out the open window, do not put your feet on the seat, do not walk on the bus, do not cling to moving vehicles.
MEMO FOR PARENTS OF CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE
Dear parents!
Timely teach children the ability to navigate the traffic situation, educate the child's need to be disciplined and attentive on the street, careful and prudent.
Do we, adults, always set an example for a child to follow the rules of safe crossing of streets and intersections, boarding a bus?
Remember! Violating the rules of the road, you kind of tacitly allow your children to violate them!
Teach your child:
do not rush when crossing the street;
cross the road only when no one interferes with its review;
before crossing, wait for the traffic to move away from the stop, then the view of the street will not be limited. Often leads to an accident careless crossing the street due to standing vehicles.
Teach your child to be vigilant and attentive on the street. So, being next to a standing bus, invite the child to stop, carefully look around if the car is approaching.
Explain to him what danger a pedestrian can expect if he suddenly leaves from behind a standing vehicle onto the carriageway of the street. The pedestrian does not see the moving transport, the drivers do not see the pedestrians.
Games will be of great help in consolidating your knowledge of traffic. Make houses, sidewalks and pavements, pedestrians, toy vehicles out of cubes and multi-colored paper. On such a layout, you can play out various traffic situations with your child, thanks to which he will more firmly and meaningfully master the rules of behavior on the street.
To consolidate children's knowledge of the rules of the road and traffic signals, use:
Board games: “We are driving along the street”, “Signs are not roads”, “Learn to drive”, “Young drivers”, “Your friends”, “Talking signs”, “Traffic light”, “Three letters”, etc.;
Filmstrips: “On the inadmissibility of pranks on the street”, “On possible and impossible events”, “Don’t play on the pavement”, “Road primer”, “Once in the city”, “Alyosha’s bike”, “Santa Claus is a traffic controller”, “The adventures of Ilya Muromets in Moscow”, “Uncle Styopa is a policeman”, “The Adventures of Tima”, etc .;
Children's works of art with a subsequent conversation about what they read: “Bad story”, “Uncle Styopa is a policeman” by S. Mikhalkov; “A car on our street” by M. Ilyin and Segal; “Meet the car”, “Laws of the street and roads”, “Road letter” by I. Serebryakov; “Look, guard”, “This is my street” Y. Pishumova; “Red, yellow, green” by A. Dorokhov and others;
Coloring books: “Road letter”, “Food, food, food”, introducing road signs and their meaning.
Use walks with children to teach them the rules of safety on the streets:
Watch the work of the traffic light, draw the child's attention to the relationship between the colors at the traffic light and the movement of cars and pedestrians;
show the child the signs, road signs, tell them about their meaning;
Invite the child to find his own way home when you take him with you, going to the store, walking, etc .;
more often address the child while driving down the street with questions about how, in his opinion, one should act on the street in this or that case, what this or that sign means;
Explain to the children your behavior on the street: the reason for stopping on the sidewalk to look at the road, choosing a place to cross the road, your actions in different situations.
Take the time to "lesson" the behavior of children on the street.
If you bought a bicycle for a child, then you need to explain to him the rules for using it on the street, demanding strict compliance.
The child must learn: you can ride a bike only in the places designated for this - yards, parks, squares. Tell the children about the mistakes cyclists make that lead to accidents.
Remember that children under the age of 14 are not allowed to ride bicycles on the roads. You can not put a child on the frame or trunk, rolling it on your bike. For a child on a bicycle frame, a special saddle and footpegs should be made behind the handlebars.
By the time the child enters school, he must learn and observe the following rules of behavior on the street and transport:
Material for reading and playing with children
Poems about traffic rules.docx(20.68 KB)
Bray-ring according to traffic rules.docx(94.96 KB)
Riddles.docx(117.43 KB)
ACTION "ATTENTION, CHILDREN!"
From 15 to 20 October in our kindergarten, the action "Attention, children!", which has already become traditional, took place.
In preschool childhood, when the basics of a correct lifestyle and culture of behavior are being formed in a child, he must receive elementary information about the rules of the road and safe behavior on the street.
Do not play on the roadway, do not stand next to nearby vehicles, do not run out onto the road unaccompanied by your parents, etc.
Adults are responsible for the health of children and must ensure maximum safety - teach the child the rules of behavior on the street. This was the focus of this week's events.
Parents for children are always an authority and role model.
And in order to educate children, parents themselves must know the safety rules on the street and in transport and abide by them. D for parents an Internet contest "Mysterious signs!" was held, more details can be found on our page
Remember!
The child learns the laws of the road, taking an example from family members and other adults. Especially the example of dad and mom teaches disciplined behavior on the road not only to your child, but to other parents.
Take care of the child!
Start with yourself.
Learning the rules of the road does not begin when the child takes the first steps. Much earlier, he remembers how his loved ones behave (as well as positive and negative behavior). Therefore, the study of the rules of behavior on the road begins with how adults behave in similar situations - you yourself, your husband, grandparents, brothers and sisters, as well as everyone with whom your child comes into contact in one way or another. Before you cross the road for the first time with a baby in your arms or in a stroller, learn how to behave on the street the way you would like your child to do it.
Remember these simple rules of the rule:
* On the sidewalk should go as far as possible from the carriageway;
* When crossing the street, you should stop at the roadway and look to the left, then to the right and again quickly to the left;
* Start crossing the street only when the traffic light is green;
* Cross the street whenever possible in safe places - at a traffic light, at a zebra crossing or at least at an intersection - car drivers are more attentive here .;
* Never rush headlong into traffic.
You will best overcome your "inner looseness" if you, your relatives, friends and neighbors mutually control each other. Do not take lightly the first experience of mastering the rules of the road. Without this foundation, you can't move on at all. Also talk to everyone around your child about how much responsibility they can take on today for his behavior on the street. Concrete hint: whenever you "catch" yourself for breaking the rules of the road, be clear about what a tiny gain in time it brought you.
At preschool age, the child should learn:
* Traffic Laws;
* elements of the road (road, carriageway, sidewalk, roadside, pedestrian crossing, intersection);
* vehicles (tram, bus, trolleybus, car, truck, motorcycle, bicycle);
* means of traffic control;
* red, yellow and green traffic lights;
* traffic rules on roadsides and sidewalks;
* rules for crossing the carriageway;
* without adults it is impossible to go out on the road;
* Rules for boarding, behavior and disembarkation in public transport.
For this you need:
1. to acquaint with the rules only to the extent necessary for assimilation;
2. for familiarization, use traffic situations when walking in the yard, on the road;
3. explain what is happening on the road, what vehicles he sees;
4. when and where it is possible to cross the carriageway, when and where it is impossible;
5. point out violators of the rules, both pedestrians and drivers;
6. teach your child the rules of cycling (where you can ride and where you can’t, how to signal a turn and stop);
7. when riding a bicycle with a child, stay behind to control the child and note his mistakes;
8. to fix visual memory (where is the vehicle, road elements, shops, schools, kindergartens, pharmacies, pedestrian crossings, traffic lights, ways of safe and dangerous traffic to kindergarten);
9. develop spatial representation (close, far, left, right, in the direction of travel, behind);
10. develop an idea of the speed of movement of vehicles of pedestrians (drives fast, slowly, turns);
11. do not intimidate the child with the street: fear of transport is no less harmful than carelessness and inattention;
When leaving home
If traffic is possible at the entrance of the house, immediately pay attention to the child if there is any approaching transport. If there are vehicles or trees growing at the entrance, stop your movement and look around for danger.
When driving on the sidewalk
Stick to the right side. An adult must be on the side of the roadway. If the sidewalk is next to the road, parents should hold the child's hand. Teach your child, walking along the sidewalk, to carefully observe the departure of cars from the yard. Do not teach children to go out onto the roadway, carry strollers and sleds only along the sidewalk.
Getting ready to cross the road
Stop, look around the road. Develop your child's observation of the road. Emphasize your movements: turn your head to look at the road. Stop for inspection of the road, stop for passing cars. Teach your child to peer into the distance, to distinguish between approaching cars. Don't stand with your child on the edge of the sidewalk. Draw the attention of the child to the vehicle preparing to turn, talk about the signals of the direction indicators for cars. Show how the vehicle stops at the crossing, how it moves by inertia.
When crossing the road
Cross the road only at a pedestrian crossing or at an intersection. Go only to the green traffic light, even if there are no cars. Stop talking when you get out on the road. Do not rush, do not run, cross the road measuredly. Do not cross the street at an angle, explain to the child that the way to see the road is worse. Do not go out onto the roadway with a child because of traffic or bushes without first inspecting the street. Do not rush to cross the road, if on the other side you see friends, the right bus, teach your child that it is dangerous. When crossing an unregulated intersection, teach your child to carefully monitor the start of traffic. Explain to the child that even on the road where there are few cars, one must cross carefully, as the car can leave the yard, from the alley.
When boarding and disembarking from a vehicle
Get out first, ahead of the child, otherwise the child may fall, run out onto the roadway. Approach for landing to a door only after a full stop. Do not get into the transport at the last moment (it can slam the doors). Teach your child to be careful in the stop zone - this is a dangerous place (poor view of the road, passengers can push the child onto the road).
While waiting for transport
Stand only on landing pads, on the sidewalk, or on the side of the road.
Street Switching Skill: When approaching a road, stop, look around the street in both directions.
The skill of calm, confident behavior on the street: when leaving home, do not be late, leave early so that you have a margin of time when walking calmly.
The skill of switching to self-control: the ability to monitor one's behavior is formed daily under the guidance of parents.
Danger Foresight Skill: The child must see with his own eyes that danger often hides behind various objects on the street.
It is important that parents be an example for children in observing the rules of the road!
Don't rush, cross the road at a measured pace!
When you go out onto the carriageway, stop talking - the child should get used to the fact that when crossing the road you need to concentrate.
Do not cross the road at a red or yellow traffic light.
Cross the road only in places marked with a road sign "Pedestrian crossing".
Get out of the bus, trolleybus, tram, taxi first. Otherwise, the child may fall or run into the roadway.
Involve your child in your observations of the situation on the road: show him the cars that are preparing to turn, go at high speed, etc.
Do not go out with a child from behind a car, bushes, without first examining the road - this is a typical mistake, and children should not be allowed to repeat it.
Dedicate a separate walk to the rules of crossing the road. Check if your child understands them correctly, if he knows how to use this knowledge in real traffic situations. To do this, practice walking together at a pedestrian crossing through a carriageway with one-way and two-way traffic, through regulated and unregulated intersections.
During the holidays, it does not matter whether your child stays in the city or leaves, you must use every opportunity to remind him of the rules of the road. Do not leave children unattended on the street, do not allow them to play near the roadway.
Teach your kids to follow the rules of the road from an early age. And do not forget that personal example is the most intelligible form of learning.
Role-playing games according to traffic rules for children of middle preschool and senior preschool age
"Road Signs"
Goals of the game: to determine how children have learned the rules of traffic safety; consolidate knowledge about traffic signals; to clarify the knowledge of children about the work of traffic police officers, to consolidate the meaning of his gestures; to educate children in attentiveness, ingenuity, the ability to comply with traffic safety rules; be polite to those around you.
Equipment for the game: pedal cars - 2 pcs., Tractors - 2 pcs., Horses - 3 pcs., Bicycles - 4 pcs., Baby strollers with dolls - 9 pcs., Jump ropes - 7 pcs.
A set of tools for transport repair: keys, pump. Posters on stands, stencils of road signs, a whistle, a pointer, armbands with the inscriptions: "Druzhinnik", "Patrol", "State Traffic Police Officer", a cape-traffic light.
Game progress
At first, the children's attention is drawn to the guests, there is an announcement to the children that the purpose of the game is to repeat the rules of the road.
Children greet guests. From among the children, at will, a traffic police inspector, a vigilante, two auto mechanics, and also a traffic light acting as a traffic light are selected.
Drivers, having exchanged vehicles, take their cars and ride. Children with toys continue to play.
Throughout the game, the assistants to the traffic controller and the patrol keep order, make comments, and even offer the guilty to drive the car away for inspection. When the children pass two circles, the sign at the turn into the group changes: the sign “U-turn” to the sign “Turn right”, and also the police officer prohibits driving at intersections. Then the children change vehicles. All children on the sidewalk are divided into two teams. The host says: "Be careful and try not to violate the rules of traffic safety and transport, and pedestrians." Children playing the roles of traffic lights, car mechanics, vigilantes and traffic police inspectors are invited to take their places on the playgrounds. The first column is going to ride on the site of the traffic police. The auto mechanic checks and inspects the transport, and the children pass by. The second column goes on a straight road and rides, observing the rules for turning and driving at traffic lights. At the beginning of the departure, the auto mechanic checks the transport, allows you to go. Children with toys walk along the pedestrian crossing to the lawn and play. As needed, they, observing the rules of the transition, go to play on another lawn.
After 10 minutes, the traffic light suddenly goes out and the whistle signal draws the attention of drivers and pedestrians to itself. The traffic light is damaged, who can replace it? (Children's answer: traffic controller.)
The policeman-regulator enters, the children greet him. He gets to know them and explains that he found out that they were playing on the traffic police site, and came to check how the children know the rules of traffic safety.
Drivers of transport drive along the main road, at the turn into a straight road, they give way to passing vehicles and join them at the end, leaving on a straight road. The traffic controller gives signals, the children behave accordingly.
"Drivers, Pedestrians, Cars"
The game can be deployed on a floor model or on a kindergarten transport site.
Goals of the game: to fix the rules of behavior on the road for all road users; teach children to simulate various situations on the road.
Equipment for the game: layout of the intersection, road signs for the layout, masks on the head or on the chest, plates with modes of transport, attributes of the traffic controller, traffic police inspector.
Game progress
Children distribute roles among themselves (the roles of a traffic controller, transport drivers, the roles of public transport, pedestrians are offered). The teacher can initially act as a traffic controller or traffic police inspector, who will monitor the correct implementation of the rules by the participants in the game. The game unfolds from the following plots: there was an accident; the child ran across the road; the driver violated traffic rules; the movement of all road users in accordance with the signals of the traffic controller. During the game, participants can change roles. After the game, the teacher invites the children to discuss who performed their role best and why.
"Transport Travel"
Purpose: to consolidate the skills of correct behavior in transport in children.
Equipment for the game: layout of the intersection, road signs for the layout, masks on the head or on the chest, plates with modes of transport, attributes of the traffic controller, traffic police inspector.
Game progress
Children independently distribute roles among themselves, each decides which type of transport he will drive. Other children choose which transport they would like to be passengers. The teacher in the role of the leader turns on the yellow, then the red light of the traffic light and calls the stops. In addition to passengers, there is a conductor in the transport who sells tickets to passengers. The plot of the game can be deployed in different directions, starting with the one who interferes with the driver, ending with the fact that the passenger was inattentive and drove past his stop. After the children have the skill to play this game, the teacher can take the position of only an observer.
"Bus depot"
Purpose of the game: to consolidate children's knowledge about the bus, about the features of driving a bus, about what a bus driver should be like.
Equipment for the game: a set of mechanics, a designer, a steering wheel, children's chairs, a traffic light.
Game progress
Children distribute among themselves the roles of bus drivers, mechanics, director of the bus fleet, passengers. The plot may unfold in line with the fact that an accident has occurred or the bus has broken down, it is necessary to return the bus to the bus depot and repair it. Drivers and passengers tell the mechanics what happened on the way (children's creativity), and the mechanics in response offer how to fix the situation.
Objectives: to consolidate children's ideas about transport, about the features of its device, and movement; teach children to find the right solutions from the current situation.
Equipment for the game: large cars, a set of mechanics, a floor model, road signs.
Game progress
Children distribute among themselves the roles of mechanics and transport drivers. Drivers come to the auto repair shop and talk about breakdowns in their car. Mechanics offer drivers to fix breakdowns and talk about the rules for driving a car.
"Gas station"
Goals of the game: to acquaint preschoolers with the fact that vehicles need gasoline to move; teach the rules of behavior at the gas station.
Game progress
Roles are distributed: drivers of any transport and employees of a gas station. The plot may unfold in line with the fact that transport drivers need gasoline for the car. Station workers serve drivers on request, tear off coupons for them, take money, if necessary, give change.
"Colored Cars"
Children are placed along the wall, they are cars. Each of the players is given a flag of any color. The host raises the flag, and those "cars" with the same color flags continue to move, and if the host lowers the flag, then the child cars go to the garage. The host can simultaneously raise all the flags, and then all the cars move.
"The fastest"
Everyone draws a circle for himself (with green, yellow, red crayons) and stands in it. The leader stands in the middle of the platform. At his command: "One, two, three - run!" - the children run away. The host says: “One, two, three - run to the traffic lights!” and he tries to take a circle. The one who did not have time to take the circle becomes the leader.
"Automobile"
The box contains a disassembled model of the car. At the command of the leader, the players begin to assemble the model. The team that collects the car first wins.
"Traffic Light and Speed"
Two tables. Two traffic lights. At the command of the presenter, the first numbers run to the traffic lights and disassemble them, the second ones collect them. The third ones take it apart again, etc. The team that collects the traffic light first wins.
"To your flags"
The players are divided into three groups. Each group stands in a circle, in the center of which is a player with a colored (red, yellow, green) flag. At the first signal of the head (clap), everyone, except for the players with flags, scatter around the site. At the second signal, the children stop, crouch and close their eyes, and the players with flags move to other places. At the command of the host, “To your flags!” children open their eyes and run to the flags of their color, trying to be the first to line up in a circle. Those who are the first to line up in an even circle and stand holding hands win.
"Let's Draw a Road"
A road is drawn on the ground. Children jump over it. The width of the road is gradually increased. The one who jumps over the road at the widest point wins.
"Running traffic light"
1st version of the game. The children follow the leader in all directions. From time to time, the leader raises the flag up, then turns around. If the green flag is raised, the children continue to move, if the leader raises the red flag, then the children stop.
2nd version of the game. Children receive flags of b-A colors: some are green, others are blue (red), others are yellow - and are grouped by 4-6 people in different corners of the room (platform). In each corner, the teacher puts a colored flag (green, blue, yellow) on a stand.
At the signal of the teacher “Go for a walk”, the children disperse around the site (room) in groups or alone. At the signal “Find your color”, the children run to the flag of the corresponding color.
