Constant bleeding during pregnancy. Hormonal processes against the background of fertilization. Causes of blood in the discharge in the early stages of gestation

From the very beginning of pregnancy, a woman is worried that everything goes well.

One of the reasons for concern may be vaginal discharge.

Before you start to panic, you need to figure out which secretions are fraught with danger and which are not.

The most alarming will be spotting, which may indicate a progressive problem.

Every woman is worried about which discharge can be considered the norm, and which will speak of a possible pathology. All selections are usually divided by color and consistency.

At the very beginning of pregnancy, the discharge becomes larger, they have a whitish color (or even colorless), and do not differ in any smell. The cause of such secretions will be hormones that begin to work hard so that the fetus is well fixed, a placenta is formed, etc.

Sometimes, possible. This suggests that the woman has thrush. In this case, there is also no need to panic, since modern drugs are absolutely safe for women and children.

Yellowish discharge indicates an inflammatory process that can cause miscarriage, especially in early pregnancy.

Separately, it is worth talking about the most dangerous, spotting, which most often indicates the development of a very complex problem that threatens the life of the child, and sometimes even the mother.

Causes of spotting

As mentioned above, spotting scares women the most. And this is quite normal, since they are the ones who talk about the danger.

The most dangerous is spotting at the beginning of pregnancy.

In order to prepare yourself for possible situations, you need to know why this might happen.

All reasons are usually divided into two groups.

The first contains causes that are not dangerous, and no treatment is required, the second is the reasons that require emergency specialist intervention.

The first group includes:

. It often happens that during pregnancy, especially in the first few weeks, a woman may begin the so-called "menstrual bleeding", which occurs due to the fact that hormones work with a vengeance and can cause such bleeding.
The process of attachment of a fertilized egg to the wall of the uterus. At this point, a few drops of blood may stand out, while the woman will not feel discomfort.

The second group includes:

Irritation of the cervix. Due to the fact that hormones begin to work actively, the cervix becomes more susceptible to any influences. So, for example, sexual intercourse or simply taking tests can lead to bloody spotting.
Infection. Often the cause of bleeding during pregnancy can be an infection in the cervix.
Polyp.
Myoma, or rather its nodes. Very often, women who suffer from fibroids may experience spotting, which will be due to the attachment of the embryo in places where the nodes are concentrated.
Heredity.
Injury. One of the most common reasons why such discharges may occur in the early stages is trauma. It can be a fall, a blow of any force.
"The Disappearing Twin". This usually occurs after in vitro fertilization, but can also occur with natural conception. Sometimes, with multiple pregnancies, embryos are rejected, and so that one or two remain.

The most dangerous causes of spotting in the early stages include ectopic pregnancy and bladder pump.

- this is when the fetal egg is attached not in the uterus, but in the fallopian tubes. This process is very dangerous, since the fetal egg grows, and over time, under this influence, the fallopian tube ruptures.

A bladder pump is an abnormal development of the embryo and placenta. In this case, the child dies, thereby creating a real danger to the woman (sepsis may begin).

Despite the fact that there are also non-dangerous causes of bloody discharge, in any case, when they appear, you need to consult a doctor, since only he can accurately name the true cause.

Bloody discharge, as a threat of miscarriage

One of the most common causes of spotting is. In this case, the selections can be

strong and not so strong, and have a color from pink to dark brown.

Other signs of a threatened miscarriage include:

Pain that can be both pulling and quite sharp
Drawing sensation in the small of the back.

Among the reasons that may contribute to the threat of miscarriage include:

Insufficient production of the hormone progesterone, which is responsible for maintaining pregnancy throughout the entire period, and most of all during the first weeks, until the placenta has formed.
Incorrect development of the fetus, namely genetic abnormalities. In most cases, if the child has developmental abnormalities that are not compatible with life, spontaneous miscarriage may occur.
Infections.
mother and child. This happens if the mother has a negative Rh factor, and the father of the child is positive. Therefore, the child can take it from the father, and thus a conflict will be provoked.
Physiological defects. Very often, the cause of a miscarriage can be an abnormal structure of the uterus, its cervix.
Age. As you know, the older a woman is, the more likely it is that she will not be able to bear a child, since the body cannot cope with the assigned load.
Smoking, alcohol abuse, drug addiction.
Nervous tension, stress, emotional stress, which can provoke the development of a miscarriage.
Abortions, miscarriages in the past.

In order to say for sure that spotting is a symptom of a miscarriage, the doctor must conduct a series of studies, which include:

Ultrasound, on which you can see the detachment, the development of a hematoma, see the development of the baby
Examination on the gynecological chair to determine if the bleeding is a symptom of some other problem.

After the doctor has carried out all the manipulations and made an accurate diagnosis, the woman will be sent for treatment.

The main actions in the event of bleeding

Any woman should know what she will need to do if during pregnancy, especially in the early stages, she has bloody

selection.

So, first of all, you need to calm down. Although it will not be so easy to do this, you still need to try.

After that, you will need to do the following:

Lie down and call your gynecologist. If there is no number of the doctor who is conducting your pregnancy, then you need to call an ambulance.
Drink some natural sedative, and sometimes, on the recommendation of a doctor, a tablet of Drotaverine or No-shpy. This is necessary in order to relieve tone and remove spasms.
Before the arrival of a doctor or an ambulance, you need to lie down and in no case get up, since even the slightest physical activity can worsen the condition.

When the doctor examines the woman, he will send her to the hospital for preventive measures, since spotting is one of the symptoms of a miscarriage.

Bloody discharge in early pregnancy can be dangerous in most cases. Therefore, if you find even a small drop of blood in yourself, you need to contact your doctor, since timely seeking medical help can guarantee the preservation of pregnancy!

The video will tell about the discharge at the very beginning of pregnancy:

Pregnancy is a period during which a woman is especially attentive to her health. There is a global restructuring in all organs and systems, including changes in the nature, color, amount of secretions from the genital tract, this is the result of physiological processes. However, any deviation becomes a cause for unrest. Bloody may appear normal, but often they require urgent action.

Normal discharge during pregnancy

After fertilization of the egg, progesterone production increases, due to this, the menstrual cycle changes - menstruation stops. In the absence of pathology, a woman has light, translucent discharge - the vagina secretes normal mucus and replaces the epithelial layer. With the course of pregnancy, the viscosity, structure, intensity of secretion from the genital tract changes, this is due to physiological processes.

In the first trimester, progesterone is responsible for the functioning of the organs of the reproductive system, in the second and third - estrogen. It is these hormones that are responsible for the nature of the vaginal secretion. There are weekly allowances:

1 week is a conditional period, it starts from the first day of the last menstruation, the body prepares for fertilization, the discharge is identical to menstrual secretion;
Week 2 - the discharge becomes mucous, blood impurities can be detected - the period of attachment of the egg to the walls of the uterus;
3rd week - slight bleeding is possible, indicating implantation, another version of the norm is pink, brown, yellow discharge, lasting several days;
4 weeks - the completion of implantation is accompanied by a thick, odorless white secret, blood may be detected;
5 week - a transparent secret, odorless, any change is a sign of a pathological process;
6 weeks - transparent or white odorless discharge;
7 week - liquid abundant discharge;
Week 8 - light discharge of normal consistency and color, a slightly sour smell is possible;
9-10 weeks - liquid watery secret, odorless;
Week 11 - discharge of normal consistency, colorless or light;
12 week - possible addition of a sour smell;
13-25 weeks - clear, liquid discharge, the volume is larger compared to the first trimester;
25-36 - the amount of secretion is moderate or abundant, the color is white, the smell is sour;
36-40 weeks - moderate amount, whitish color;
before childbirth, mucus is found, sometimes with streaks of blood - discharge of the mucous plug.

Any deviations should be reported to the doctor. Especially if they are accompanied by pain, other unpleasant symptoms or the detection of blood - this may be a sign of the onset of a pathological process. The sooner help is provided, the better the prognosis. Up to 70% of women experience spotting during pregnancy. In some cases, they are observed in the early stages of bearing a child, sometimes before childbirth. Allocations can be physiological or pathological. Only a specialist can determine this.

Bleeding in the first trimester

The first 12 weeks are the most important, since it is during this period that all organs and systems of the fetus are laid. Most often, bleeding is detected in the first trimester. Such processes can be a variant of the norm:

attachment of the fetus to the wall of the uterus a week after conception may be manifested by small spotting;
bleeding on the days of the alleged menstruation with hormonal failure or proliferation of placental tissue.

Such spotting is not dangerous, they are short, small in volume and pass on their own. This is where the physiological causes of bleeding end. In other cases, spotting occurs as a symptom of a pathology or disorder during pregnancy.

Ectopic pregnancy

During normal pregnancy, the fertilized egg is fixed on the uterine wall. However, under the influence of external or internal pathological factors, tubal, abdominal, ovarian or cervical pregnancy may develop. Increasing in size, the fetal egg is introduced into the tissues, stretching them, resulting in bleeding. Most often this happens at 5 weeks.

In case of severe bleeding, a woman should immediately consult a doctor. It is not possible to save the fetus during such a pregnancy; therapeutic measures are aimed at preserving the female reproductive system. Without the necessary assistance, a rupture of the fallopian tubes with their subsequent removal is possible.

Symptoms of a ruptured fallopian tube:

diffuse pains;
tension in the abdominal muscles;
palpation and gynecological examination cause discomfort.

Risk of miscarriage

The causes of the threat of miscarriage are different, such processes occur in the presence of pathology in the mother or fetus, as well as under the influence of external factors. The most common cause of miscarriage is genetic changes caused by hereditary disorders or mutations. The tactics of therapy depend on the cause of the threatened miscarriage. The patient is hospitalized in a hospital, all drugs are prescribed by a doctor, self-medication is excluded, a number of medications can aggravate the condition.

In the initial stages - until about the middle of the second trimester, a miscarriage proceeds in several stages:

threat;
beginning miscarriage;
abortion in progress;
incomplete or complete miscarriage.

Detection of traces of blood is possible already at the first stage. Signs of a threatened miscarriage should be known to every woman:

vaginal bleeding of varying intensity: spotting or profuse, may last a long time or disappear after the onset;
drawing pains in the lower abdomen;
increased urination.

Injuries

Under the influence of hormones, the mucous membrane of the cervix becomes loose, edematous. Any impact on it can lead to microtrauma. Bleeding may occur after intercourse or a medical examination. This does not pose a threat and should not cause alarm, since the provoking factor is clearly monitored.

Frozen pregnancy

Miscarriage is the result of various factors: diseases, hereditary predisposition, endocrine disorders. In the first trimester, there are 2 critical periods when complications can occur: 6-8 weeks and 11-13 weeks. During these periods, you should be especially attentive to your state of health and, if discomfort occurs, immediately consult a doctor. When the development of the embryo stops, a toxin begins to be released, which triggers the miscarriage mechanism. As a result, the uterus rejects the placenta and epithelium, blood discharge appears.

Diseases of the uterus

It is important at the stage of pregnancy planning to diagnose and treat pathologies, including diseases of the reproductive system.

If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with fibroids or fibromatosis, the embryo can attach next to the nodes, its growth causes stretching of the tissues, as a result, bleeding may begin. Allocations in this case are bloody in nature and last several hours.

Insufficient secretion of progesterone

Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries that controls the course of pregnancy. Its additional source is the placenta, an increase in its level supports the attachment of the fetus to the uterine wall and growth. An insufficient amount of progesterone synthesis may be the result of hereditary ovarian failure (hypoplasia or aplasia), inflammatory diseases, injuries, cysts, postoperative disorders. With a deficiency of the hormone, the endometrium becomes thinner and bleeds. This is possible not only in the first trimester, but also at a later date - with the course of pregnancy, the level of progesterone should increase.

Women who have had bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy have a high risk of presentation, placental abruption, late toxicosis and premature birth.

Bleeding in the second trimester

In the second trimester of pregnancy, the most common placental abruption is partial or complete rejection. Similar processes should occur at the end of the birth period, but sometimes under the influence of pathogenic factors (heart and vascular disease, renal pathology, endocrine disorders, inflammatory, dystrophic changes in the uterus), this process can begin during pregnancy. The placenta moves away as a result of the accumulation of blood between it and the wall of the uterus. Most often, such a pathology is faced by women who are not going to give birth for the first time - this is due to changes in the endometrium.

Symptoms of placental abruption:

bloody issues;
uterine hypertonicity;
pain.

When the edges are detached, brown discharge is detected, but if the process started from the center, then the fluid accumulates between the uterus and the placenta, a hematoma forms. If the fluid cannot find its way out, the blood soaks into the surrounding tissues.

Bleeding in the third trimester

The main cause of bleeding in the last trimester is placental abruption. This condition is most dangerous in the second half of pregnancy. In the early stages, the placenta has a growth reserve. Such processes can cause the death of the fetus and mother, so women with this diagnosis are hospitalized in a hospital.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy appears in the case of placenta previa. In some cases, it is located low, overlapping the uterine os. This situation creates the risk of prematurity and fetal hypoxia, as well as premature birth. The leading symptom is recurrent bleeding of varying intensity, depending on the degree of presentation. This can develop at any stage of pregnancy, but more often after 30 weeks. This condition differs from placental abruption in the absence of pain.

Small spotting at 37-40 weeks is a sign that the cervix begins to open. As a rule, this happens a day before childbirth, along with a small amount of blood, a mucous plug comes out.

If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with placenta previa or abruption in the later stages, a cesarean section is performed - natural childbirth is dangerous.

Treatment

The detection of spotting during pregnancy should be the reason for an urgent visit to the doctor. First of all, it is necessary to identify the cause of this condition. If bleeding is not associated with physiological processes in the body of a pregnant woman, then immediately after the diagnosis is established, treatment begins. Depending on the nature of the identified pathology, conservative and surgical methods can be used.

Conservative therapy

Most often, medications are used to treat conditions that entail bloody discharge during childbearing. Drugs are selected taking into account the diagnosis, the patient's condition and the medical history. When prescribing any drug, the doctor takes into account the effect of the drug on the fetus.

Medicines of the following groups are used:

antispasmodics (No-shpa);
hemostatics (aminocaproic acid);
progesterone preparations;
tocolytics (Partusisten);
glucocorticosteroids (Dexamethasone);
vitamins;
plasma-substituting therapy for the loss of a large amount of blood (Reopoliglyukin);
iron preparations (Ferrum-lek) for anemia;
antibiotics for infection of the genital tract (Amoxicillin).

In most cases, with the timely provision of qualified assistance, it is possible to save the pregnancy. The prognosis depends on the cause of the blood. A wide range of hormonal drugs is able to replace progesterone deficiency, the treatment of concomitant pathology reduces the risk of threatened abortion.

In addition to drugs, physiotherapy methods are widely used. Electrophoresis with magnesia reduces the tone of the uterus, electrorelaxation has a relaxing effect, ozone therapy reduces fetal hypoxia.

Surgery

The operation is carried out if conservative therapy can not have the desired effect. The decision to perform surgery is made based on the clinical situation. In case of abortion, the uterine cavity is scraped, in case of an ectopic pregnancy, the fetal egg is removed using endoscopic surgery. Polyps can be removed without harm to the child, cauterization of cervical erosion is also possible. Surgical treatment in pregnant women is carried out in advanced cases, timely access to a doctor makes it possible to successfully use medications in the early stages of the disease.

First help with bleeding

To save pregnancy, it is urgent to take a number of measures:

call an ambulance;
provide a pregnant woman with peace;
take a horizontal position with raised legs;
with a strong pain syndrome, take an antispasmodic (No-shpa);
apply cold to the lower abdomen;
do not take a bath;
do not insert a tampon into the vagina.

Women who have kept their pregnancy against the background of blood discharge should observe complete emotional peace, as well as temporarily give up sexual activity. During the rehabilitation period, sedatives, physiotherapy and other non-drug methods of treatment are prescribed. If there are indications, the drugs used for treatment in the hospital are prescribed for admission and after the discharge of the pregnant woman. It is important to exclude stressful situations, healthy eating, walking in the fresh air.

The female body is arranged in such a way that a secret of various structure and quantity is constantly secreted from the genital tract. In many cases, they allow you to assess the patient's condition, the presence of pathological processes, especially during pregnancy. The detection of spotting during the period of bearing a child is not a reason for panic, however, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. By following the recommendations for treatment, complications can be avoided.

Expecting a baby without complications is the cherished desire of any woman. During this period, the expectant mother should most of all take care of her health, because now she is responsible for two lives. Unfortunately, bleeding during pregnancy can overshadow the happy 9 months, forcing a woman to worry about preserving the fetus.

The causes of spotting can be both physiological and pathological.

Mechanical damage

Bloody discharge after sex does not occur so often and is not a particular danger. The cervix during pregnancy becomes looser, swollen, it is most susceptible to any pressure and careless actions. Therefore, blood after sexual intercourse appears precisely because of the microscopic damage that it receives during intimacy.

Similar damage to the cervix can be obtained when examined by a doctor. Bloody discharge at the 4th week of pregnancy may be due to trauma with a mirror, because it is at this time that most women turn to the gynecologist with suspicion of pregnancy due to the lack of menstruation. Such injuries do not pose a threat - already at the initial stage, the doctor sees a closed cervix, and will not carry out further manipulations in the vagina.

Pathology of the uterus

Another common cause of discharge during pregnancy. For example, often women have myomatous or fibromatous nodes, and if the embryo is attached close to such a node, bleeding is possible.

As a rule, there are no bright spots of blood on the underwear, but smearing bloody discharge can last several hours.

After IVF

Discharge during pregnancy, similar to menstruation, appears after the procedure. They are called the “disappearing twin” - when fertilized eggs are replanted, not all of them take root, so the rest are naturally rejected. Women undergoing IVF are warned in advance about such bleeding, so they just need to consult a doctor.

And in some cases, if the second child stops developing at the seventh or eighth week, then it completely dissolves in the amniotic fluid, and no discharge occurs at the 8th week of pregnancy.

After IVF, there are frequent cases when twins or triplets are born, and only the third or fourth “extra” egg comes out.

Frozen pregnancy

It can occur at any time, often the discharge begins already at the 6th week of pregnancy. Their reasons lie in the body's recognition as a threat to a woman's health. If the embryo stops developing, toxins begin to be produced that trigger the miscarriage mechanism.

The appearance of bloody discharge during pregnancy should be an immediate signal for contacting the clinic, because in 80% of cases the fetus can be saved, removing the threat to its development in a timely manner.

Second trimester of pregnancy development: secrets and threats

Most often, bloody discharge appears in the early stages of pregnancy, in the first trimester, but this does not mean at all that at week 12 a carefree time comes for the mother and you can not worry about the baby. If there are pathologies, then blood discharge during pregnancy also occurs in the second trimester.

Most often, bleeding occurs for two reasons: due to improper formation or premature.

If bleeding occurs in this period, hospitalization is necessary, after which the doctor decides on further actions: monitoring the patient, abortion for medical reasons, emergency delivery.

Pathologies of the third trimester

Pathologies in the third trimester are not as terrible as bloody discharge at the 7th week of pregnancy, because even with an emergency delivery, a child can be saved by connecting to basic vital functions support devices. And sometimes women with a difficult pregnancy already at 10 weeks know that they can’t bear the baby for the entire period, and they need to prepare for early childbirth, for example, at 35 weeks.

In the third trimester, the following are the actual causes of bleeding:

lack of progesterone;
incorrect position of the placenta;
early detachment of the placenta.

However, the third trimester also has its own characteristics, namely. The causes of late toxicosis are different, but the manifestations of this condition make doctors worry about the condition of a pregnant woman, so if you experience pain in the lower abdomen, you should immediately consult a doctor. If these symptoms are ignored, a borderline condition can occur not only for the mother, but also for the fetus. Bleeding in this case will be evidence of fetal rejection, and you may not have time to save the child.

The birth of a baby

The birth of a child is invariably associated with the appearance of bleeding. The expectant mother should not worry about this, because in fact the birth of a baby is not much like scenes from TV shows where blood splatters almost like a fountain. In fact, only about one glass of blood is lost during a normal birth.

Already at 38 weeks in a woman, which indicates the imminent birth of a baby. Turning head down, the baby creates pressure, and the abdominal muscles are no longer able to maintain their rounded shape. According to such doctors warn the woman about the upcoming delivery in the coming weeks.

Usually, the imminent birth of a child is indicated, in which there may be small bloody streaks - in this case, the woman needs to pack her things and go to the hospital. You should not be afraid of spotting at the 40th week of pregnancy - this is a normal process. By this time, the baby has gone through all the periods of its development, is sufficiently protected to stay in a new environment, and you should not worry about his life.

Severe bleeding: first aid and danger to the fetus

Severe bleeding during pregnancy occurs at any time. It would seem that the fetal egg attached itself and began its development, but then, for example, at the 9th week, bleeding began. What to do?

When large volumes of blood appear, the following measures should be taken:

call an ambulance;
provide peace;
lie down in bed, raise your legs;
with severe pain, take;
apply cold to the lower abdomen;
do not use tampons, do not use the bathroom.

After delivery to the hospital, the doctor will determine the cause of the complication and prescribe treatment.

As for the danger to the fetus, in most cases, with timely hospitalization, doctors manage to save the pregnancy. Now they have a number of hormonal drugs in their arsenal that can replace the deficiency of the main female hormones - thanks to this, doctors successfully bring even difficult pregnancies to a natural end. In the event that there is a real threat of miscarriage, the woman is placed in a hospital and treated.

If the threat to the fetus is so great that decisive measures have to be taken, doctors always try to save the child, but still the final choice is made in favor of the life and health of the mother.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy is not always a cause for panic. If you find red spots on your underwear, you should not worry - if you follow all the doctor's instructions, you can endure and give birth to a healthy baby without complications. The main condition - if you detect blood discharge from the vagina during pregnancy, consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Useful video about spotting as a sign of threatened pregnancy

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During pregnancy, especially in its early stages, the expectant mother has many reasons to worry about the life and health of the unborn baby. Among them, the most common problem in early pregnancy is spotting.

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According to statistics, more than 20% of women experience this unpleasant phenomenon. However, not all bleeding ends with severe consequences in the form of abortion. For what reasons can they not be dangerous, and when should you be wary?

Consider the main and most frequent. Let's start with those that are considered safe by nature, and in some situations, even natural in conditions of hormonal changes in the body.

Small bleeding in early pregnancy, called “implantation” by doctors, is common. It does not harm either the fetus or the mother. Its essence is simple. A fertilized egg, in an attempt to attach itself to the wall of the uterus, damages closely spaced vessels. And as a result, we get spotting in pregnant women, they will be scarce and last no more than 2 days. Implantation bleeding is considered one of the early signs of pregnancy.
Active sexual intercourse. in unaccustomed positions, prolonged temporary acts, soften the cervix and can lead to spotting and bleeding during pregnancy, both early and late. This does not mean at all that intimate life for a pregnant woman is prohibited. Positive emotions experienced by a woman during intimacy are very important for the harmonious development of the baby. Gynecologists recommend limiting excessive activity and switching to classic poses.
Breakthrough bleeding or also called "washing the fetus." In the early stages of pregnancy, the body may not have time to adapt to a new state, the hormonal background undergoes disturbances, as a result of which, on the days approaching the onset of menstruation, the pregnant woman begins to bleed, and more profusely than in her usual state. That is why some women may not notice the onset of pregnancy for quite a long time after it occurs.

Bleeding during early pregnancy, similar to menstruation, can appear from 2 to 4 months.

. It manifests itself not only through bleeding at the beginning of pregnancy. A woman experiences aching pain, nausea, the general condition of the body deteriorates sharply. For some time, the strength of the symptom may decrease, but after a few hours it will increase again.

Non-developing or frozen pregnancy. Blood discharge in such situations becomes the final sign of fetal death. In the early stages, there is a complete disappearance of signs of pregnancy, and pain in the lower abdomen. Bleeding during a missed pregnancy is not always abundant. More often, in the initial stages of rejection, it can be meager discharge.
partial or complete. The phenomenon is not common in practice, the risk group includes women who become pregnant again before the expiration of the 3-year recovery period after a caesarean section.
Miscarriage. Along with unpleasant symptoms in the form of dizziness, nausea, pain in the chest and abdomen, blood loss becomes the final evidence that an interruption of the emerging life has occurred. The reasons for the threat of termination of pregnancy and miscarriage can be developmental anomalies that are incompatible with further development and gestation, trauma, medication, stress. Up to 12 weeks spontaneous occurs in 30% of women. Bleeding with clots in early pregnancy is the definitive confirmation of a miscarriage.

Increased attention to the state of your body will help a pregnant woman diagnose the development of negative consequences in time, and in some cases, help prevent misfortune.

In addition to spotting during pregnancy, there is a whole a number of signs of a threatened abortion, the appearance of which should alert:

constant nausea, not to be confused with manifestations that appear at a certain time of the day - in the early morning or at lunchtime. Nausea, as a sign of a threatened miscarriage, is constantly present;
dizziness;
sharp pains in the abdomen, both throughout and in a separate part of it (left or right side, below). The pain has the character of an acute spasm;
disappearance of pregnancy symptoms, a sharp softening of the chest, accompanied by pain in the abdominal region.

Pregnancy becomes a special and joyful period that fills life with colors and pleasant moments. And all women who are expecting a baby do not want this time to be overshadowed by anything. But sometimes unpleasant events and unforeseen circumstances happen. One of these is the occurrence of bleeding.

Appearing quite unexpectedly, such a symptom makes a woman worry primarily about the condition of the unborn baby. And this is quite reasonable, since he can talk about a violation of the normal course of pregnancy. True, there are other reasons that are not related to pathology. But only a doctor can figure this out, so a woman should rely on a specialist.

With a slight discharge, bleeding can begin, which is a sign of serious violations in the course of pregnancy.

Causes

Discharge with blood can appear at various stages of pregnancy and are the result of many reasons. Although this is a rather dangerous sign, in certain situations, nevertheless, it does not pose a threat to the expectant mother and child. Nevertheless, there are much more real reasons for concern, so a woman in any situation needs to be vigilant and consult a doctor in time.

Bloody discharge in early pregnancy can result from:

Physiological changes.
Erosion of the cervix.
Tumor formations (polyps, fibroids).
infections.
Trauma
Varicose veins of the vagina.

This mainly applies to a period of up to 4 weeks. In the first trimester, under the influence of hormonal changes in the body, previously undetected diseases and pathologies that have been left without proper treatment sometimes appear. However, the most dangerous in any period of pregnancy are the following conditions:

Miscarriage (spontaneous abortion, premature birth).
Ectopic pregnancy.
Pathology of the placenta (abruption and presentation).
Bubble skid (chorionepithelioma).

Since in many cases there is a threat to the life of the fetus, at the first appearance of spotting, you should consult a doctor, and if necessary, undergo an additional examination.

Symptoms

If a woman is concerned about spotting, it is necessary first of all to understand their causes. It is possible to identify the most likely factors provoking the appearance of such a symptom on the basis of a clinical examination with an assessment of all concomitant manifestations.

Discharge is one of the possible signs behind which both physiological changes in the early stages of pregnancy and serious violations during the period of bearing a child are hidden. Therefore, such a symptom should not be ignored, and a medical examination will never become superfluous, especially if the health and life of the unborn baby depends on it.

Physiological changes

The onset of pregnancy is accompanied by a metabolic and endocrine restructuring of the female body, aimed at the favorable bearing of the child and its proper development in the womb. By increasing the production of progesterone, the menstrual cycle changes - menstruation stops, the uterine mucosa prepares to receive the fetal egg.

Immediately after fertilization, there may be a small reddish discharge, but they should not become profuse and accompanied by other unpleasant sensations.

This is due to the reaction of the endometrium to the implantation of the embryo.

Sometimes women notice that smearing brownish discharge appears at the time of the next menstruation and regard them as a sign of a failed pregnancy. However, this may be the result of detachment of individual sections of the mucous membrane located below the attached fetal egg.

Any discharge during the onset of pregnancy should alert the woman, especially if they are quite plentiful and have a pronounced bloody character.

Miscarriage

The most unpleasant situation for a woman in early pregnancy is spontaneous abortion, which can lead to miscarriage. But, by paying attention to all the symptoms in time, it can be prevented. So, in the first 22 weeks, an abortion can proceed in the form of several stages:

Threatening.
Beginning.
Abortion is on the way.
Incomplete and complete.

Bloody discharge appears already at the stage of the threat of termination of pregnancy. At the same time, they will not be abundant, have a dark color and may appear even at the time of the expected menstruation. In addition, abortion is characterized by the appearance of other symptoms that you need to pay close attention to:

Aching pains in the lower abdomen, which, as the process progresses, become stronger and acquire a cramping character.
Feeling of pressure on the bladder and rectum.
Increased urination and defecation.
Increased tone of the uterus.
Softening of the cervix and opening of the uterine os.

With an abortion starting, you can still save the pregnancy, but if the detachment of the fetal egg has begun, this will not work. In some cases, there is a delay of a non-viable embryo in the uterine cavity. Then the woman's body temperature rises, there is a risk of severe bleeding.

Preterm birth is accompanied by similar clinical signs, given that contractions appear, amniotic fluid is poured out and the baby moves through the mother's birth canal.

Miscarriage is a serious problem to be aware of when bleeding occurs.

Ectopic pregnancy

If the fetal egg is not attached where it should be, the so-called ectopic pregnancy develops. It can be either ectopic (tubal, abdominal, or ovarian) or cervical. Bloody discharge appears when the fetal egg begins to grow, penetrating into the surrounding tissues and stretching them. Often this becomes a sign of termination of an ectopic pregnancy.

Most often, the embryo is implanted in the lumen of the tube.

In this case, all signs of pregnancy are observed, however, as the size of the fetal egg increases, spotting appears, and later the woman notes pain in the lower abdomen on one side. In this case, there is a danger of rupture of the fallopian tube, when there is intense bleeding and symptoms of an "acute abdomen":

The pains become diffuse.
The abdominal muscles are tense.
Symptoms of peritoneal irritation are noted.
Palpation of the abdomen and gynecological examination are painful.

No less dangerous is cervical pregnancy, when the fetal egg begins to penetrate into the vessels. Since this part of the uterus is not intended for implantation of the embryo, a scarlet discharge occurs, which is associated with the danger of severe bleeding.

Early detection of ectopic pregnancy will allow for timely surgical intervention, which is the only way to preserve the health of a woman.

Pathology of the placenta

Bloody discharge during pregnancy can be the result of placental complications - its presentation or detachment. Such conditions are a complex obstetric pathology that requires timely medical intervention.

The location of the placenta in the area of the uterine os is always accompanied by bleeding, the intensity of which depends on the type of presentation: complete, partial or marginal. Scarlet discharge, as a rule, appears among complete well-being or after physical activity (defecation, sexual intercourse). Recurrence of bleeding is characteristic.

In the case of premature detachment, spotting does not always occur.

This is most often observed in the peripheral type, when the edges of the placenta begin to be rejected. If the central part of the placenta exfoliates, the blood first collects in the formed pocket, and then soaks the uterine wall. In any case, the following signs will be characteristic:

Pain at the site of detachment.
Increased tone of the uterus.
Violation of the condition of the fetus.
Admixture of blood in the amniotic fluid.

With massive blood loss, there are signs of hemorrhagic shock and disorders of the coagulation system, and if more than half of the placenta exfoliates, fetal death.

Placental complications can cause life-threatening conditions for the life of the mother and fetus. Therefore, it is important to diagnose the pathology in time in order to take effective measures to eliminate it.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy can also be the result of another pathology - cervical erosion, trauma, tumors or inflammatory diseases. Most of them existed in a woman even before the conception of a child, but were not cured in a timely manner.

Depending on the disease, both slight brownish discharge (with erosion) and uterine bleeding (with injuries, tumors) are observed.

Treatment

With the appearance of spotting at any stage of pregnancy, it is necessary first of all to establish their cause.

If such a condition is not associated with physiological factors, it is necessary to begin treatment immediately after the diagnosis is established, since the life of the unborn child and the health of the woman may depend on this.

Taking into account the revealed pathology, conservative and surgical methods of treatment are applied.

conservative methods

Conservative methods mainly involve the use of drugs. The intake of drugs should be based on the standards of treatment of obstetric and gynecological pathology, the individual characteristics of the body of the pregnant woman and clinical expediency.

In all cases, it is necessary to take into account the effect of drugs on the condition of the fetus. Depending on the situation, the use of such drugs is justified:

Antispasmodics (No-shpa).
Hemostatic (Etamzilat, Aminocaproic acid).
progesterone preparations.
Tocolytics (Partusisten).
Corticosteroids (Dexamethasone).
Vitamins (E, folic acid).

With severe blood loss, plasma substitutes (Hemodez, Reopoliglyukin) are administered, and in case of anemia, iron preparations (Ferrum-lek, Globiron). If a woman is diagnosed with genital tract infections, antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Azithromycin) are necessary.

Some medications during pregnancy are best used in the form of vaginal or rectal suppositories.

Any drug can be prescribed only by a doctor. Self-administration of drugs during pregnancy is unacceptable.

In addition to drug treatment, some physiotherapy procedures can also be used for miscarriage:

Magnesium electrophoresis.
Electrorelaxation.
Acupuncture.
Ozone and barotherapy.

Surgical methods

With the ineffectiveness or inappropriateness of conservative measures, surgical treatment is carried out. The decision on its necessity is made on the basis of the clinical situation. If an abortion is diagnosed in progress, the uterine cavity is scraped to extract the remains of the embryo.

In case of an ectopic pregnancy, endoscopic operations can be performed with the removal of the fetal egg from the abdominal cavity or the lumen of the tube. However, in case of severe internal bleeding, the intervention is carried out with open access - by lower laparotomy.

If a pregnant woman in the later stages has complications from the placenta, especially complete presentation or severe abruption, a caesarean section has to be performed, since in these cases natural birth is not possible.

Of particular danger is cervical pregnancy, the development of which can become a threat to the life of the mother due to massive and uncontrolled bleeding. In this case, unfortunately, it will not be possible to save the uterus.

If uterine polyps are detected in the first trimester, their endoscopic removal is possible without harm to the fetus. If a woman is concerned about spotting due to erosion, you can use the following minimally invasive techniques:

Cryotherapy.
laser treatment.
Electrocoagulation.
Radio wave therapy.

In many advanced cases, surgery becomes the only method of treating pathology. Therefore, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner, when it is still possible to achieve success from conservative therapy.

Bloody discharge in a pregnant woman is an insidious sign that requires a thorough examination to find out the true cause. Correct and timely treatment tactics will preserve the health of the mother and the life of the unborn baby.