How to understand that a miscarriage has occurred. Subjective causes of early miscarriage. Causes, symptoms and consequences of early miscarriage

Pregnancy is a special period in the life of every woman, which entails global changes. External changes become noticeable only after a few months, but special feelings and sensations that a new life has arisen inside you visit already in the first months of this magical period. However, to our great regret, we cannot exclude cases that threaten the life of the unborn baby. That is why every expectant mother should be aware of the symptoms of a miscarriage in order to prevent spontaneous abortion with early diagnosis and timely treatment. About what you should pay attention to during pregnancy in order to prevent trouble - we will tell in today's publication.

bloody issues

We all know that during the period of bearing a child, menstruation should not be. That is why even a small bloody spot on your underwear should alert you if you are sure that you are pregnant. Moreover, even if the discharge vaguely resembles blood, but is more like a brown "daub" - consult a doctor immediately.

severe pain in the back and abdomen

The most common sign of a miscarriage is severe back pain, which can be even worse than menstruation. Painful cramps in the lower abdomen can also occur, which very often causes difficulty in breathing. Here, too, one should not endure pain, and even more so, do not “jam” it with medication. The only right decision is to urgently call an ambulance.

"contractions" during miscarriage

The contractions that signal an impending labor are usually very painful and occur about every 5 to 20 minutes. Contractions, which are a sign of miscarriage, differ from labor only in that they occur in the early stages of pregnancy. Therefore, if you notice that frequent and severe cramping pains are repeated every 20 minutes, or less often, then immediately call an ambulance. Remember that with timely access to doctors, doctors can stop and save the pregnancy.

weakness, dizziness and feeling unwell

If for no reason at all you feel bad: dizziness appears, general weakness, vision drops - immediately consult a doctor. It is especially dangerous if all of the above symptoms do not disappear for a long time. Be sure to undergo an examination to identify the cause of these discomforts and find out how you can get rid of them.

Speaking about the symptoms of a miscarriage, it is important to note the reasons why an early pregnancy is terminated. After all, knowing the root cause, you can avoid an undesirable process.

The main causes of miscarriage

Genetic pathologies in the embryo

Unfortunately, statistics show that approximately ¾ of miscarriages occur due to genetic pathologies of the embryo. Moreover, the mechanism for the occurrence of these deviations has not been fully studied. Doctors are inclined to believe that many factors influence the healthy development of the fetus: ecology, viruses, exposure to radiation, etc., which are very difficult to control. That is why, lately, couples who are planning a pregnancy, first of all, pass.

Hormonal imbalance in the expectant mother

Lack of progesterone can significantly affect the overall course of pregnancy up to the onset of symptoms of miscarriage. That is why it is very important to detect this disease in a timely manner and prevent undesirable consequences.

In addition to the above causes of miscarriage, the occurrence, infectious diseases and the presence of chronic diseases of the mother can significantly affect the development of pregnancy. Remember also that exhausting physical activity, extreme stress and trauma can be the main cause of miscarriage. Therefore, be attentive to your own body - this will allow you to bear a healthy baby without any deviations in health.

Especially for Ira Romaniy

Pregnancy is one of the most beautiful periods in the life of every woman. Future mothers are especially beautiful, and their eyes radiate so much happiness and warmth that one could warm the whole world. Unfortunately, not every pregnancy proceeds normally and ends with the birth of a healthy baby. Sometimes it happens that the pregnancy is unexpectedly terminated, and the dreams of a failed mother are not destined to come true. Why is this happening? Let's try to understand in more detail.

What is a miscarriage and what types does it occur?

In order to understand how a miscarriage occurs, you must first know what it is.

4. The cause of recurring miscarriages can also be the so-called polycystic ovary syndrome. One recent British study showed that 44 to 56% of patients who had multiple miscarriages in a row had polycystic ovary syndrome, characterized by irregular or no menstrual cycles. Most often, this syndrome is observed in overweight women.

5. Rhesus incompatibility (hemolytic disease), which occurs when the mother has a positive Rh factor, and the father is negative.

6. Disorders of the immune system are the cause of 5-10% of miscarriages. This is due to the fact that the immune system of a pregnant woman, programmed to fight bacteria and viruses, fails and attacks healthy body cells. One of the most well-known disorders of the immune system is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. It appears when the body mistakenly believes that phospholipids are foreign elements. As a result, antibodies are produced that cause blood clots in the placental vessels, interrupting the flow of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus.

7. Other reasons: features of the anatomical structure of the uterus, viral and bacterial infections, anti-drug and anti-stress medications, exposure to harmful substances.

What symptoms indicate a miscarriage?

Every woman worries about how a miscarriage occurs. Symptoms that indicate an impending or ongoing miscarriage are of great importance for timely medical intervention and the prevention of spontaneous abortion. The most common symptoms include the following:

Sudden weight loss;

The disappearance of such signs of pregnancy as nausea, swelling of the breasts, drowsiness;

False contractions, called Braxton-Hicks contractions;

Real contractions (painful, with a frequency of 5-10 minutes);

The appearance of blood spots;

Light, painless bleeding (although this is not always a symptom of a miscarriage);

Severe bleeding with or without clots, accompanied by cramps and severe pain in the abdomen or lower back;

Vaginal discharge that is not accompanied by pain or bleeding.

A molar pregnancy, a damaged egg, or an ectopic pregnancy will eventually lead to a miscarriage. The symptoms are similar, except that in the case of a molar pregnancy, the size of the uterus may be larger than usual, and the level of hCG (pregnancy hormone) is increased.

Signs and features of a miscarriage in the early stages

In the first weeks of pregnancy, only after learning about their interesting situation, women become very sensitive, and it is not surprising that they are visited by a variety of thoughts related to their well-being and the health of their future babies. The slightest changes occurring in the body make them worry. They see everything as signs of an early miscarriage. Therefore, it is very important to have information. How to understand that a miscarriage has occurred? Does it really make sense and reason to worry? Are these feelings justified? How does a spontaneous miscarriage happen? It is impossible to answer these questions unambiguously. Each case, like each organism, is absolutely individual, and they should be considered separately.

It is almost impossible to identify the causes of most miscarriages in the early stages (more than 60%). It is assumed that these are genetic causes. When an embryo is formed, half of its genes are taken from the sperm, the other half from the egg. Sometimes, without any apparent motive, something goes wrong and the pregnancy is terminated. A miscarriage can occur two to three weeks after the death of the fetus. Obstetricians-gynecologists call the following main causes of miscarriage at the initial stage of pregnancy:

The embryo does not implant in the uterus as it should;

Hormonal problems;

Chromosomal abnormalities;

Diseases of the uterus or cervix;

Various intrauterine infections;

Viral infections, such as the flu;

Strong blows to the stomach of a pregnant woman;

Multiple pregnancy;

Miscarriages that have taken place in the past.

Signs of an early miscarriage:

Strong convulsions.

Bleeding.

Blood clots.

At what stage of pregnancy can a miscarriage occur?

Most often, a miscarriage occurs at the earliest possible time (2-3 weeks). In most cases, a woman does not even suspect that something similar has happened to her. Early spontaneous miscarriages are often confused with normal menstruation. This is due to the fact that the main manifestations of a miscarriage at the beginning of pregnancy are identical to normal menstruation: vaginal bleeding and pain in the lower abdomen. This is the answer to the question of how a miscarriage occurs.

Less common are miscarriages in later pregnancy (before the 20th week). Spontaneous abortion that occurs after the 20th week is called stillbirth.

How does a miscarriage happen?

Due to lack of awareness, many women sometimes do not even suspect that something terrible has happened to them - the loss of a child. They have no idea how quickly a miscarriage occurs and what follows after that. In order to be fully equipped, you need to remember the following:

1. Spontaneous abortion, fetal death and rejection by the body usually do not occur at one moment, but last for several hours or even days. The process proceeds in several stages: the threat of miscarriage, imminent (started) miscarriage, incomplete abortion and, finally, complete abortion.

2. The threat of miscarriage is characterized by the onset of placental abruption and the appearance of the first signs of a miscarriage (pain in the lower abdomen and slight bloody discharge from the vagina). At this stage, the uterus is closed, and the pregnancy can still be saved.

3. An imminent (beginning) abortion is characterized by placental abruption and, accordingly, further fetal death. An imminent abortion cannot be stopped.

4. With an incomplete abortion, the placenta exfoliates, the fetus dies, and the process of its rejection by the body begins.

5. During a complete abortion, the fetus and place are eliminated from the uterus, as well as from the female genital tract.

Is it possible to independently determine that a miscarriage has taken place?

Becoming registered with a antenatal clinic, women and even their husbands often ask doctors how to find out that a miscarriage has occurred. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to determine this on your own. If there is a suspicion that a miscarriage has occurred, you should immediately consult a doctor or call an ambulance. Only after a medical examination of a woman can one say with complete certainty whether a miscarriage has occurred or not. In order to determine this, the doctor will refer the patient to an ultrasound.

In addition, an analysis that will determine the level of hCG in the blood can tell about a miscarriage that has occurred. HCG is a hormone produced by the body exclusively during pregnancy. It can be detected in the blood one week after ovulation, when a fertilized egg is implanted in the uterus. In the first three weeks of pregnancy, the hCG level should double every 2-3 days. When this level remains unchanged, a spontaneous miscarriage may have occurred.

Doctors also resort to measuring the heart rate (HR) of the fetus. To do this, they use a special device that allows them to listen to the heart rhythms of the fetus in the mother's abdomen from 7-12 weeks of pregnancy. If the heartbeat of the fetus is heard, then there can be no talk of a miscarriage. Remember that if you do a regular pregnancy test, it can show its presence even after interruption. Therefore, you should not waste precious time and wonder how to determine that a miscarriage has occurred. At the slightest sign, go straight to your gynecologist.

How can you induce a miscarriage?

Not every pregnant woman is delighted with the fact that she will soon become a mother. Each has its own reasons. Some pregnant women seek medical help and terminate the pregnancy in the hospital, while others prefer to go on their own and learn all the possible ways to have a miscarriage on their own. Since ancient times, various herbs have been used for this, such as tansy. It was boiled and taken orally, which almost 100% guaranteed rejection of the fetus.

There are many such cases when women, in order to get rid of an unwanted child, took and continue to take hot baths to this day. Some try to bring the body to exhaustion with heavy physical exertion. Young girls even manage to drink milk to which iodine is added. More "advanced" young ladies do not risk experiencing folk methods. They prefer more modern means, such as hormonal pills.

Only a few think about the consequences of such methods and experiments. As a result, rash actions can lead to very disastrous results. Any attempt to have a miscarriage at home threatens the health and even the life of a pregnant woman. Not a single folk remedy that can provoke an abortion guarantees that bleeding will not begin and any infection will not be introduced.

The safest way to get rid of an unwanted pregnancy on your own is the so-called medical abortion. A prerequisite is the minimum time from conception (up to two weeks from the delay in menstruation). In this case, most likely, the miscarriage will occur quickly and painlessly, and the uterus will be completely cleaned. In addition, complications are practically excluded. However, it should be noted that drugs that are used for medical abortion are not sold in pharmacies. Only doctors who have a special license are entitled to prescribe such drugs to their patients. In addition, the cost of such drugs is quite high and not every girl can afford it.

Instead of thinking about how to have a miscarriage and get rid of the fetus, maybe you should imagine what the future baby will look like and how much joy and happiness it will bring to the house? The decision is up to each parent. Responsibility for all actions lies entirely on their shoulders.

What to do after a miscarriage occurs?

What happens after a miscarriage is familiar to many. Some women who have had an abortion do well. However, others (in 4-10% of cases) show a number of complications. A period of treatment and rehabilitation follows, which lasts up to several weeks. In the first week after a spontaneous miscarriage, a woman may experience abdominal pain. In addition, bleeding may occur. In the first two weeks after an abortion, you must refrain from sex. Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms such as:

heavy bleeding;

Severe pain in the lower abdomen;

High fever and convulsions;

Cardiopalmus;

Nausea and vomiting.

Immediately after a spontaneous miscarriage, it is necessary to identify the reason why this happened. To date, there are a huge number of specialized medical centers, turning to which a woman will receive qualified recommendations on what needs to be done.

Experts recommend planning the next pregnancy only two months after the miscarriage. In order not to become pregnant before this time, it is necessary to use reliable contraceptives. According to statistics, if a woman becomes pregnant immediately after a miscarriage, the likelihood of a recurrence of the situation increases several times. However, if pregnancy does occur, you should not panic. Under the close and constant supervision of doctors, the outcome can be positive.

Is it possible to protect yourself from spontaneous miscarriage?

In order to minimize the risk of spontaneous miscarriage, it is recommended:

A woman who has just learned about her interesting position needs to:

1. Do not postpone for later, but go to the doctor as soon as possible, get tested and register for pregnancy.
2. Give up all bad habits (smoking, alcohol and drugs) and reduce the amount of coffee and strong tea consumed.
3. Reduce physical activity and avoid sports that can lead to injury.

According to statistics, 15-20% of all pregnancies end in miscarriages. In most cases, this happens when a woman does not yet realize that she is pregnant. But sometimes this happens to those who have already become attached to their belly-maker and fell in love with him. How to console a woman in this case? Only next pregnancy. But those who have had such a misfortune in their lives, and those who have not yet known the bitterness of loss, should go through a small educational program on issues related to miscarriage. The most important thing is to know what factors can cause miscarriage, and what can be done to prevent miscarriage.

The conversation will focus on early miscarriages that occur for up to 12 weeks, because the vast majority of them happen during this period. So, the most common causes of miscarriages in early pregnancy:

1. Genetic disorders in the fetus

According to statistics, about 73% of miscarriages occur for this reason. As a rule, these genetic defects are not hereditary in nature, but are the result of single mutations that occurred in the germ cells of the parents under the influence of harmful environmental factors (radiation, occupational hazards, viruses, etc.). Termination of pregnancy for this reason is a kind of natural selection - getting rid of weak, non-viable offspring. It is almost impossible to prevent such a miscarriage, you can only reduce the risk of genetic abnormalities even before conception, by protecting yourself from the effects of mutagenic factors as much as possible. But with modern ecology, the probability of mutations still remains, because miscarriages that occur for this reason can be considered a boon, because they save a woman from many problems and troubles in the future.

2. Hormonal disorders

When the balance of hormones in a woman's body is disturbed, early pregnancy termination often occurs. Most often this happens with a lack of the main hormone of pregnancy - progesterone. With the timely detection of this problem, pregnancy can be saved with the help of progesterone preparations. An excess of male sex hormones can also cause an early miscarriage - they suppress the production of estrogen and progesterone. Androgens are often the cause of recurrent (habitual) miscarriages. The adrenal and thyroid hormones also influence the formation and development of pregnancy. Therefore, dysfunction of these glands can also cause miscarriage.

3. Immunological causes

As a rule, this happens with an Rhesus conflict. The embryo inherits the Rh-positive father, while the mother's Rh-negative body rejects embryonic tissues that are foreign to it. To prevent miscarriage in case of immune conflict, progesterone preparations are used, which in this case have an immunomodulatory effect.

4. Sexually transmitted infections

Sexually transmitted infections: trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, chlamydia, as well as herpetic and cytomegalovirus infection often cause miscarriage.
Pathogenic bacteria and viruses cause infection of the fetus, damage to the membranes, resulting in a miscarriage. To prevent this from happening, it is advisable to treat infections before pregnancy.

5. Common infectious diseases and inflammatory diseases of the internal organs

All diseases accompanied by intoxication and an increase in body temperature above 38 ° C can lead to miscarriage. The leaders in this list are rubella, viral hepatitis, influenza. Even a banal sore throat can become fatal at 4-10 weeks of pregnancy. And pneumonia, pyelonephritis, appendicitis are a serious risk to the fetus. That is why, when planning a pregnancy, it is worth undergoing a complete medical examination, identifying and treating all foci of chronic infection.

6. History of abortion

Abortion is not just a medical manipulation: it is a huge stress for the female body, which can cause dysfunction of the ovaries, adrenal glands; contributing to the development of inflammatory processes in the genital organs. This can cause infertility and habitual miscarriages in the future.

7. Medicines and herbs

In the first trimester of pregnancy, it is advisable to avoid taking medications altogether. Many of them can cause abortion or cause the formation of developmental defects in the fetus. So, for example, narcotic analgesics or hormonal contraceptives often become the culprits of abortion. You also need to be careful with medicinal herbs: parsley, nettle, cornflower, St. John's wort, tansy - are contraindicated in early pregnancy.

8. Stress

Strong fright or unexpected grief, resentment or prolonged mental overstrain are dangerous for a small creature in your womb. If you, by the will of fate, are forced to be under the influence of stress, discuss with your doctor the possibility of taking sedatives, at least the same valerian.

9. Unhealthy lifestyle

Alcohol, drugs, smoking, excessive coffee consumption, improper and inadequate nutrition are all allies of a miscarriage. It is better to correct your lifestyle even before conception.

10. Falls, heavy lifting, sexual intercourse

Physical activity, heavy lifting, light falls, contrary to popular belief, by themselves rarely lead to miscarriage. They can be - and often are - a "trigger" of spontaneous abortion if any of the above problems are present. However, if the mother's body is healthy and the genetic program of the fetus is normal, then a fall or physical overload must be truly terrible in order to harm the fetus.

Signs of a miscarriage

If you notice the first signs of an impending miscarriage in time, you can usually save the pregnancy. Pain in the lower abdomen or in the lower back, especially cramping, spotting, bleeding - if any of these symptoms appear, immediately consult a doctor, call an ambulance. In such situations, every minute counts. Bleeding with pieces of tissue suggests that a miscarriage has already occurred.

A miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy before 22 weeks of gestation. Accordingly, they are divided into early and late. According to the dynamics of what is happening, they distinguish:

• Threatened abortion
• Started abortion
• Complete (or incomplete) abortion

The division into these types is very conditional, they can flow into each other. For example, a threatened abortion turns into a complete one, and a missed pregnancy still ends with the release of a fetal egg.

How often is a pregnancy terminated?

It is believed that at least 20% of all conceptions end in spontaneous abortion. It is possible that this figure is underestimated. Indeed, many women are not even aware of an interrupted pregnancy when it occurs at week 4, taking it for a late period. The percentage of such events increases with the age of the woman.

Some statistics:

• 80% of all sudden abortions are losses in the 1st trimester
• 90% of losses in the first trimester and about 30% in the second are due to random chromosomal abnormalities that most likely will not happen again
• more than half of all women with a threatened miscarriage successfully carry a pregnancy up to 40 weeks
• at age 40, a woman has a 50% risk of miscarriage.

Possible causes of abortion

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to establish the exact cause of such an event. Most of the worries of parents planning a new pregnancy after a failure are associated with this.

Developmental Disorders of the Embryo

Almost 90% of pregnancies terminated before 8 weeks were associated with a mutation. Chromosomal anomalies are, as it were, “screened out” by nature in order to prevent the birth of unviable children. Therefore, abroad at such an early date they do not even try to treat a threatening abortion.

Immune failures

The phrase "antiphospholipid syndrome" in recent years inspires fear in all women who have ever lost their pregnancy. It is this diagnosis that they try in vain to find with spontaneous abortion up to 12 weeks, passing unnecessary tests.

APS is a syndrome in which the body produces antibodies to its own proteins. As a result, thrombosis, thromboembolism occur in the absence of visible causes of miscarriage in the early stages of 10 weeks. In addition, there is an increased risk of fetal growth retardation and severe preeclampsia. True APS requires treatment throughout all subsequent pregnancies.

To diagnose the syndrome, in addition to the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies, certain symptoms are needed (unexplained miscarriage, thrombosis). Therefore, it makes no sense to be tested for APS during the first pregnancy or after a single loss of it in the early stages.

Uterine anomalies

Congenital defects of the genital organs, for example, an incomplete uterine septum, increase the risk of spontaneous abortion by almost 2 times. Surprisingly, more severe disorders (bicornuate and bicervical uterus) are less likely to result in miscarriage.

Cervical (isthmic-cervical) insufficiency

In the second trimester, the role of cervical insufficiency increases in the structure of spontaneous miscarriages. In this case, the cervix softens and shortens prematurely, which leads to the outflow of amniotic fluid and the onset of labor. The cause of this condition may be trauma during gynecological manipulations, anatomical features, frequent induced abortions. Most often, this process occurs asymptomatically, only occasionally discharge or pain may appear. Therefore, absolutely all women in the period of 19-21 weeks need to undergo cervicometry - measuring the length of the neck using an intravaginal ultrasound sensor.

Hormonal causes

There is some evidence that it may be low. Luteal phase deficiency is a manifestation of progesterone deficiency. In reality, this condition is less common than the diagnosis sounds. Sometimes NLF is combined with changes in the ovaries, pituitary gland and other endocrine organs. Very often, low progesterone is successfully combined with a normal pregnancy.

infections

High temperature and severe intoxication of the mother's body can stimulate uterine contractions and cause abortion. Therefore, any infection is potentially dangerous. However, some diseases especially often threaten miscarriage. These are rubella, toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, brucellosis (see). Other infections are not associated with an increase in abortion rates. It is important to note that in the case of repeated abortions, the role of infection is sharply reduced.

Systemic diseases of the mother

There are diseases that not only complicate the course of pregnancy, but can increase the frequency of spontaneous abortions. These include:

• (with poor glucose control)
• Blood clotting disorder
• Autoimmune diseases

Poisoning and injury

A clear link between toxic substances and abortion has not been established. It is believed that working with organic solvents and narcotic gases can provoke an abortion. Smoking, large doses of alcohol and drugs have the same effect.

Abdominal injury accidents and ovarian and intestinal surgeries can be dangerous during pregnancy. But the embryo in the uterus has good protection, so most of these interventions end well.

Myths about the causes of early pregnancy loss

Before 13 weeks, abortion is almost never associated with the following factors:

• Airplane flight
• Mild blunt abdominal trauma
• Sports activities (adequate)
• One previous miscarriage before 12 weeks
• sexual activity
• Stress

• In case of infection of the genital tract (if the bleeding is prolonged, for example), the doctor prescribes antibiotics. It makes no sense to take them only for preventive purposes during self-abortion. If its completion was stimulated by misoprostol, then the fever on the first day will be due to the drug, not infection, so do not worry. During surgery, a single prophylactic antibiotic is usually prescribed.
• If pregnancy loss was accompanied by significant bleeding, then iron supplements may be required to treat anemia.
• Under certain circumstances, the gynecologist may recommend taking contraceptives. But with uncomplicated spontaneous abortion at different times, you can start planning a pregnancy as soon as the psychological mood appears.
• With habitual miscarriage (3 or more spontaneous abortions in a row), it is necessary to undergo additional procedures and pass tests.

Examination for habitual miscarriage

If spontaneous abortion is repeated 2 or more times (and by some standards - 3), then this condition is called habitual miscarriage. It requires careful examination and clarification of the reasons. An approximate plan for examining and solving the problem:

Prevention of pregnancy loss

The main task for all women planning to become mothers is to approach their new status wisely. It is important to take only the necessary drugs (folic acid, iron), get rid of bad habits and stress. For repeat abortions, additional testing and treatment may also reduce the risk of failure. But most importantly, you need to understand that most women with pregnancy losses in the past managed to become pregnant, endure and give birth to healthy children.

FAQ

Two years ago there was a fading of pregnancy for a period of 7 weeks. Now I am pregnant again, the period is 5 weeks, the doctor prescribed Utrozhestan in candles. Is there any evidence for this? Will the drug harm the child?

A frozen pregnancy alone is not an indication for the appointment of Utrozhestan. Perhaps there are other reasons for taking it that you did not specify. In such a situation, Utrozhestan does not pose a danger to the child.

The gestation period is 16 weeks. Starting from the 14th week, heavy bleeding continues. According to ultrasound, the fetus is alive, there is a large hematoma. It worries that the level of hemoglobin is rapidly falling, doctors are setting up an interruption. Is there a chance to keep the pregnancy with heavy bleeding?

Could a cold at 7 weeks cause a miscarriage?

Theoretically, high temperatures can promote abortion. But in such a short period of time, spontaneous genetic damage is most likely.

How long after an unsuccessful pregnancy (ended at 6 weeks) can you plan a new one?

If there are no complications, you can start planning immediately. But it is better to wait 1-2 menstrual cycles for psychological preparation and folic acid intake.

What are the symptoms at 2 weeks with a miscarriage?

If we consider the obstetric method for determining the gestational age by the last menstruation, then at 2 weeks there has not even been a conception. If we mean the age of the embryo, then it corresponds to a period of 4 weeks. Such an interrupted pregnancy is called biochemical, since nothing can be seen on ultrasound yet. Therefore, the symptom will be bleeding, coinciding in time with menstruation or with a delay of several days.

Pregnancy is wonderful. But sometimes it happens that the body itself decides to get rid of the emerging new life, and then a miscarriage occurs. In most cases, this happens in the early stages of pregnancy, in the first 12 weeks.

Statistics say that every fifth woman loses a child before she even knows that she is pregnant. From a gynecological point of view, a miscarriage is considered a spontaneous termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks, since children born prematurely - after 22 weeks and weighing 500 grams, today's medicine has the ability to save. But, if the weight is below 500 grams, then the possibilities are zero.

As we have already said, in most cases it happens that a woman does not even suspect that she is pregnant and nothing worries her. Waiting for the onset of menstruation, she simply registers that she has a delay, and after a few days, menstruation begins, but they go more abundantly than usual and with pain.

Sometimes, an early miscarriage is characterized only by moderate pain in the lower abdomen and heavy bleeding, then the woman does not even go to the doctor if the bleeding stops soon. If the bleeding is profuse for several days, then a visit to the doctor cannot be avoided.

In some cases, such delayed periods are very painful, and one day a blood clot comes out. Then we can definitely say about spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages. Usually this clot resembles a bursting bladder with blood. Such a phenomenon always frightens those who encounter it for the first time. After the release of a blood clot, you must definitely consult a doctor: firstly, to undergo an examination and determine exactly what it was; secondly, to check if cleaning is needed.

A miscarriage is a phenomenon that makes both the body and the soul suffer. Many people know that there is such a danger as spontaneous abortion, but not everyone knows about its causes and how it can be prevented.

If we talk about an early miscarriage up to 12 weeks, then basically it is a test and a warning for parents. A miscarriage at this stage of development suggests that either the mother’s body is not yet ready for the normal development of the baby inside it, or something is wrong with the health of both parents, and it needs to be strengthened so that the baby develops healthy in the future, and from an unhealthy body and in the future will get rid of itself.

Early miscarriage: causes

genetic disorder in the fetus. Particular attention is paid to the healthy laying of all organs of the future person, which requires equal 23 chromosomes from mom and dad. And if a mutating element suddenly appears in one of them, then it is recognized as incapacitated, and a miscarriage occurs.

The presence of such elements is affected by ecology, viruses, and occupational hazards. It is very difficult to avoid these factors, you can only reduce the risk of their influence on the body by going on vacation: to fresh air and for a long time. Carrying out a miscarriage, thus, the body produces natural selection, characteristic of all life on earth.

Hormonal disorders. It is known that hormones are responsible for the good functioning of a woman’s body, so their incorrect balance in the body can lead to an early miscarriage. Also, a lack of the hormone progesterone or an excess of the male hormone cause this phenomenon. If such a problem is diagnosed in a woman in advance, then hormone therapy is prescribed to her before planning a pregnancy, which helps to avoid miscarriage.

Rhesus conflict. Not in vain, when planning a pregnancy, they are required to take a blood test to determine the group, both mother and father (if the mother has a negative Rh factor). In this case, the father's Rh is important, since its opposite indicator can lead to the development of an Rh conflict, when the embryo inherits the father's positive Rh, and the mother's body defines its tissues as foreign and rejects them, saving itself, as it seems to him.

If the father also has a negative Rh factor, then this problem does not arise. With the timely diagnosis of such a pathology, the hormone progesterone is used, which plays a protective role for the embryo and eliminates this cause of spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage.

Infections. Infection is bad either way. If you know you or your partner has a sexually transmitted infection, it should be treated before pregnancy. When pregnancy occurs with such a diagnosis, the fetus becomes infected and, again, the body will get rid of the embryo at an early stage.

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of internal organs. Any increase in temperature up to 38 degrees, caused by a disease of the internal organs, can cause an early miscarriage. Typically, such a temperature is accompanied by intoxication of the whole organism, and therefore it is unable to hold the embryo. That's why it's so important to have a full check-up when planning a pregnancy to detect and treat any chronic diseases and get vaccinated if necessary.

abortion. As you know, this is an interference in the normal life of the female body. If an abortion has ever taken place, then it can lead either to habitual spontaneous miscarriages or to infertility.

Medicines. In the first trimester, the use of any medications is generally not recommended, which can lead to defects in the development of the fetus. There are also herbs that are contraindicated in early pregnancy: parsley, nettle, cornflower, St. John's wort, tansy.

Bad mood. More precisely, severe stress, grief, prolonged mental stress can adversely affect the birth of a new life. In this case, only with the recommendation of a doctor, it is possible to take some sedatives.

Lifestyle. You need to change your habits immediately when planning a pregnancy. Getting rid of bad habits, a balanced and nutritious diet are the first conditions for the development of a healthy child, the opposite can lead to miscarriage.

physical impact. Unsuccessful falls, heavy lifting are the starting point for a miscarriage and contribute to it only if one of the above reasons is on the face. If the mother is healthy, then this effect must be very strong in order to cause a miscarriage.

Early miscarriage: symptoms

The most common signs of a miscarriage are - lower abdominal pain and bleeding. Also, pain from the lower abdomen can indulge in the lower back. This pain is intermittent. Vaginal discharge talk about the threat of miscarriage at an early date. If such discharge has a reddish or even brownish tint, then you should consult a doctor to avoid miscarriage.

Often referred to as a symptom of miscarriage uterine tone, but only in cases where it is accompanied by discomfort for the mother and pain. If it is not accompanied by anything, then the recommendations of doctors stop at reducing physical activity and reducing stressful situations.

In some cases, even after the above symptoms, pregnancy proceeds normally in the future, only under more careful supervision of doctors, then they talk about the threat of miscarriage.

The symptoms of a miscarriage at any stage of pregnancy are relatively similar. Only they can be accompanied by stronger pain and copious discharge.

Second trimester: symptoms of a miscarriage:

• the damage to the amniotic fluid sac is indicated by the liquid that drips from the vagina, in which case a visit to the doctor should be instant;
• vaginal bleeding is a sign of miscarriage in any trimester of pregnancy;
• blood clots that appear during urination, accompanied by pain;
• internal bleeding, which can be indicated by very severe pain in the shoulder or in the stomach area.

How is a threatened miscarriage diagnosed?

If your pregnancy is planned, and you went through all the necessary preparation procedures that the doctor told you about, passed all the tests and treated all the diseases found in the disease, then the possibility of a miscarriage is reduced to a minimum. If any contraindications were discovered in advance, then great attention is paid to them already at the conception of the baby. In this case, the diagnosis of a threatened miscarriage takes place at the planning stage, and treatment is prescribed in advance.

If pregnancy occurs spontaneously, without prior treatment and examination, then any gynecologist can diagnose a miscarriage during a routine examination. When examining a woman who came with a delay problem, the doctor determines the expected gestational age.

• checks the compliance of the size of the uterus with a given period;
• checks for uterine tone;
• determines if the cervix is ​​closed;
• draws attention to the nature of the discharge (bloody or mucous).

The most reliable way to diagnose a miscarriage or premature birth already at a later date is a transvaginal ultrasound, which is performed by an experienced doctor. When using this method, the length of the cervix and the condition of the internal os are checked.

Early miscarriage treatment

The most basic and first thing that the doctor advises with the threat of miscarriage at any stage of pregnancy is bed rest. In some cases, in order to keep the pregnancy, a woman is even forbidden to get out of bed. It is clear that your physical activity should drop to zero if there is a threat of miscarriage.

It is also recommended to reduce the level of excitement, bad news and thoughts. Already from the first weeks of existence, the nascent life feels you from the inside, any of your excitement can adversely affect its condition. And violations in the state can lead to its rejection by your body. To avoid these nervous tensions, the doctor may prescribe valerian or motherwort.

You yourself can use relaxation therapy: sit comfortably on a sofa or chair and think about something good. The best thing in this case may be dreams about the future baby, choosing a name, mentally drawing his portrait. But all this after consultation with a doctor.

If the threat of termination of pregnancy is more serious and just good thoughts are not enough, then the first thing the doctor does is determine the cause of the threat. After determining the cause of the threat of miscarriage in the first weeks of pregnancy, prescribe hormonal preparations, which are designed to maintain a good course of pregnancy.

You may be prescribed progesterone (it is part of utrozhestan, duphaston), they may prescribe drugs for hyperandrogenism (with a large amount of male hormones), as well as drugs if there is a threat of Rhesus conflict.

If the doctor deems it necessary, they may conduct an additional intrauterine ultrasound examination. If such an examination reveals deficiency, then sutures are placed on the cervix that stop the fertilized egg inside the uterus. Such an operation is performed in a hospital and under anesthesia, at the same time relaxing drugs are injected into the uterus.

Most cases of threatened miscarriage in early pregnancy are treated in a hospital, sometimes women have to stay under the supervision of doctors until the very end of pregnancy, that is, until childbirth. In some cases, treatment begins in a hospital, and then goes to home, subject to bed rest. Sometimes, having undergone treatment for a threatened miscarriage at an early stage, a woman does not return to him until the very birth.

Prevention of miscarriage

It is possible to avoid miscarriage in most cases. If a couple treats their decision in a balanced and responsible way, then a doctor’s examination will be completed in time, which will reveal all kinds of deviations and inconsistencies in the organisms of a man and a woman. A preliminary examination will cure all kinds of infectious and hormonal diseases that can cause a miscarriage later.

Even six months before the planned conception, the habits and lifestyle of the couple should be changed. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle will help reduce the risk of miscarriage.

Consequences after a miscarriage in the early stages

From a medical point of view, serious consequences after a spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages are extremely rare. Big problems can arise if this miscarriage is caused independently with the help of drugs or folk remedies, or if particles of the fetus remain in the uterus, which most often happens in later periods with miscarriages.

It is in order to avoid such problems and in the early stages that gynecologists prefer to do preventive cleaning of the uterus after a miscarriage. If a woman goes to the doctor, she always undergoes a follow-up ultrasound.

Many believe that the consequence of one miscarriage is subsequent spontaneous miscarriages. But in reality this is not so. Subsequent miscarriages occur after the first only if the cause of the first miscarriage has not been identified or this cause has not been treated.

A miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy does not have severe consequences only if you consult a doctor in a timely manner. If we neglect this fact, then severe uterine bleeding can occur, that is, a large loss of blood, which will lead to death, or blood poisoning, which is also extremely unpleasant and dangerous.

Even if the next menstruation does not go as usual (more abundant or with severe pain), it is better to consult a doctor about this, in case you were pregnant and did not notice this. The answer to the question of what to do with an early miscarriage is to see a doctor, if it’s very bad, then even call an ambulance.

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