material that holds its shape. Shiny fabric - for the most radiant outfits

The basis of the wardrobe is the dress. It emphasizes femininity, dignity of the figure, creates comfort and decorates. Depending on the style, color and type, they go to work, walk, attend parties and special occasions.

Dress fabrics represent a group of materials, where dense and light materials are collected, warm and summer, flowing and keeping their shape, natural and synthetic, for different occasions and seasons. The presented types of fabrics for dresses consist of natural and synthetic fibers, with and without stretch, with a decorative and matte surface, everyday, elegant and versatile. A description of the properties and features of the fabric will help you make the right choice.

flowing dense

Barbie

Barbie is a suit material for business clothes. It is characterized by softness and elasticity due to stretch fibers. The texture of the fabric is rough, dense and delicate to the touch. Matte material is pleasant and comfortable to wear. It has a synthetic composition of polyester, viscose and spandex with the addition of elastane. Maybe one and two-sided, plain and with a pattern.

Crepe suit

A popular fabric for everyday and formal wear, as well as sheath dresses. It has a presentable appearance and positive performance characteristics. The canvas is dense, with inherent crepe graininess. A minimum of pliability ensures a good fit and comfort to wear. The fabric does not stretch and does not interfere with freedom of movement. Basically, a one-color crepe suit is produced. Patterns and prints are less common. The composition includes natural and synthetic fibers: cotton, wool, polyester, acrylic and viscose.

Stretch velor

Stretch velor luxurious material. The material has a soft, fleecy surface with a sparkling sheen. The dense structure of the fabric due to the stretch fibers acquires elasticity. The material is pleasant to the touch and comfortable to wear. Gracefully hugs the figure. It is presented on the market in a one-colored version in a palette of shades. It is used for evening and ball gowns, skirts and golfs.

Gabardine

Gabardine is a dense, lightweight and soft fabric that is resistant to deformation. Deprived of elasticity except for the stretch version. It turns out with a twill weave, from which a diagonal scar remains on a matte surface. The material is double sided.

Available in wool gabardine, blended, cotton, silk, stretch and synthetic. Pleasant to wear and practical material is made in plain color, in a cage, with a print.

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Oil

The fabric belongs to modern knitted fabrics with a characteristic soft oily structure. Made from viscose, lycra and polyester fibers in several combinations. The material is oil dense and plastic, elastically stretches in different directions and fits the figure well. Silky material can have a matte or glossy surface. The oil is comfortable to wear, breathable and attractive.

Niagara

Refers to dress, flowing fabrics. Despite the thin structure, niagara does not shine through. Has a matte, smooth surface, pleasant to the touch. Stretches a transverse thread, the width of the canvas. made of viscose and polyester fibers with a plain or printed pattern. It doesn't wrinkle and drapes gracefully. Looks light and airy.

Poplin

Cotton-based material with the addition of polyester, silk or wool fibers. Produced with a printed, multi-colored or plain pattern. Poplin is soft and comfortable to wear. Provides air access to the skin and absorption of moisture. Keeps color saturation for a long time and does not wrinkle. From it sew comfortable clothes for everyday wear.

Silk Armani

Modern material for a summer or dressy dress. Attracts with a silky surface with a matte sheen. Consists of polyester fibers with a small addition of spandex (3%). Thin, slippery fabric is obtained by satin weaving and resembles silk. Possesses elasticity and wear resistance. It has low hygroscopicity and air permeability. Requires the use of an antistatic agent. It looks spectacular in models of dresses, skirts and blouses of free cut, with folds and draperies.

Chiffon

Very light, thin, transparent and airy chiffon has a matte surface and a sandy texture. Consists of natural silk or synthetic fibers. Externally, the fabric has sufficient strength. Many varieties are produced: nylon, chiffon-satin, jacquard, with lurex, chameleon and shangzhan.

Can be used alone or in combination with companion fabrics. The ability flows softly, gives the image femininity and mystery.

Atlas

Satin is a smooth, silky material with a luxurious, glossy surface that glistens and shimmers. Made from silk, cotton, synthetic, viscose and nylon fibres. It can be plain and with bright patterns applied by embroidery, embossing, printing. The fabric is durable and wear-resistant, does not fade, comfortable, suitable for draperies. Used for evening and wedding dresses, elegant clothes.

Crepe de chine

The lightweight fabric has a matte sheen and a rough, wavy structure. Crepe de chine is soft and pleasant to the skin. Smoothly repeats the curves of the figure and forms graceful folds. Durable and comfortable to wear. Available in a wide range of colors, patterns and prints as pictured. Allows you to realize fantasies in the creation of feminine silhouettes.

Staple

Soft and delicate fabric, elastic and easily takes the desired shape of the style of the dress. A silky, smooth surface, as well as a variety of colors, patterns and patterns guarantee a luxurious look of the outfit. At the same time, it will be comfortable in the heat. The composition of the fabric is viscose, cotton and lavsan.

Georgette

From thin, twisted threads, a translucent material is obtained. Georgette has a matte surface and a grainy, harsh texture. It is elastic and pliable, dimensionally stable and effective. The material is plain, with a printed pattern, designer trim, sparkles. For the manufacture of silk fibers, polyester, viscose, cotton, elastane are used.

Silk

The name of fabrics for royal dresses, luxurious and refined. It has a soft sheen with shimmer, smoothness and lightness. Many types of silk fabrics are made, differing in structure, quality of threads, and appearance. All are durable and extremely comfortable to wear. In the textile industry, silk is made from artificial fibers of viscose and nylon, but nothing compares to natural, not from silkworm cocoons.

Shape-holding dense

Taffeta

Taffeta is an elegant fabric with a noble, glossy sheen. Properties allow you to create creases and give a curvaceous shape. The taffeta is hard to the touch and does not transmit light. Can be: silk, viscose, cotton or polyester. It is painted in one color or with a chameleon effect, when the shade changes depending on the lighting and smoothly flows from one to another. Evening and wedding dresses, exquisite dresses and luxurious skirts are created from taffeta.

Neoprene

New foam rubber padded with polyester, cotton or mixed fiber stretch fabric. It is light, soft, flexible and plastic. It differs in density and thickness, but is always durable. It has the property of heat saving and water resistance. Resistant to external influences, does not wrinkle and is safe for the skin. it is used to create trendy and designer clothes with clear lines and characteristic splendor.

Jeans

Comfortable and practical fabric is used for sewing stylish dresses, sundresses and skirts. Jeans can be not only the usual plain, but with an original print, sequins, stretch, unbleached, chambray for summer clothes, or with embroidery and bouffant. In the classic version, this is 100% cotton, but it is also possible with the addition of lycra and elastane.

Corset satin

Corset satin is a dense fabric with a matte and glossy side. Facial silky, smooth, with a characteristic sheen. The material is pliable and cool in contact with the skin. It is made in a monochromatic scale in all the richness of shades. It is used in wedding, festive and evening dresses, where you need to emphasize the silhouette.

Linen

The name accurately conveys the properties and purpose of the fabric. Linen is made from natural plant fibers and is intended for hot days. Linen will provide comfort to wear, cool and protect against overheating. It is soft and light, with a smooth, matte surface and slight sheen. It has a high degree of strength and wear resistance. Painted in soft, natural tones. Suitable for tailoring models of a free silhouette and slightly fitted.

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Organza

Organza is a thin, transparent fabric with a rigid structure. It is obtained by tightly twisting the fibers of silk, polyester or viscose. Meets with a matte or shiny, sparkling surface. Produced in solid color or wrinkled. Drawing or finishing is applied by embroidery, printing, etching, spraying. The fabric is durable and dimensionally stable. Differs in light transmission. Evening and stage dresses, dance costumes are sewn from organza.

Crepe satin

Crepe satin is a two-sided silk material. The front side is glossy and silky like satin, and the wrong side is matte-grained. The fabric is one-colored, less often with a printed pattern. It is made more often from polyester, which is cheap, but is also found with silk, viscose, and acetate silk fibers. Crepe satin keeps its shape due to its density and elasticity, does not wrinkle. Forms smooth, beautiful folds. It is used for festive dresses and costumes.

ti si

Tisi is an example of a practical and high-quality mixed fiber fabric. It consists of viscose, polyester and cotton, the positive properties of which are successfully combined.

The fabric is strong and light, breathable and durable, does not wrinkle or tear when worn. Such clothes keep their shape and do not attract dust. It is made mainly plain dyed.

crystallon

Kristalon - a shimmering sense of celebration. It is compared with a dense organza that shimmers in the light. The translucent fabric, rough to the touch, is endowed with strength, elasticity and wear resistance. The canvas is not slippery and holds its shape well, lays down in large folds. Made from nylon, polyester and nylon fibers. It is used for stage costumes, airy, sparkling dresses.

Openwork - from the French ajour (ajourer) - to make through.
A fabric with a through ornament made of various yarns (cotton, silk, wool). This is a thin lace fabric, knitting, embroidery, weaving in the form of a through, mesh pattern, as well as a product made from such a fabric (for example, fishnet stockings). Openwork was especially popular in the first half of the 19th century. In jewelry, weaving from thin metal threads is called openwork.

Aksamit (samite, oxamite)- from the Greek hex - wool and mitos - threads - wool thread.
Precious heavy silk fabric, a kind of dug velvet or brocade, was made by hand. Often with woven spun gold or silver ornaments. Aksamit is known in Rus' no later than the 12th century. There is also a mention of him in the "Word of Igor's Campaign" in the spelling "oksamit". Until the beginning of the 18th century, all precious fabrics were imported to Russia as embassy gifts, purchases for the needs of the royal court and the clergy, first from Byzantium, then from Iran and Turkey, and later from Italy and France.

Altabas - from Turkish altynbas.
Altabas - dense silk fabric with ornaments or a background of gold or gilded thread, a kind of brocade. Altabas was valued very highly and was used for the needs of the royal court, the church.

Alpaca - from Spanish (Quechua language) alpaca - alpaca, alpaga.
Lightweight fabric made from Alpaca llama wool in plain or twill weave, as well as the wool of the eponymous pet.
The alpaca is a smaller relative of the llama, but its wool is more valued. At the moment, llama and alpaca wool is divided into 22 color shades. Starting from pure white, then beige, silver, brown and black. Due to the fact that the individual fibers of wool are long, alpaca wool does not fall off and practically does not form spools. The wool is soft, fine, with a silky sheen, very valuable.

Angora - woolen fabric (down), soft to the touch, with a characteristic delicate pile of angora goat and angora rabbit wool.
"Angora" is now commonly called rabbit down. Once it was obtained by the Chinese as an analogue of the real angora, now called "mohair", since the "special" angora goats did not take root well outside of Turkey. Rabbits, whose wool is used for the production of yarn, are called angora. Angora rabbits are bred in France, England, Germany.
Angora wool is very fluffy, soft, warm, but at the same time it has an unpleasant known property of peeling off, and it is impossible to prevent this, even by reducing the percentage of angora in the yarn. Therefore, angora wool is practically not used in its pure form - in yarns it is mixed with ordinary or merino wool, as well as with acrylic.
Also, the minus of angora is the fact that products from it cannot be washed, moreover, they simply need to be protected from getting wet. Angoras can only be cleaned chemically. However, products made from high-quality angora yarn can last for more than one year.
Application: it is recommended to sew ladies' dresses, suits, light coats from it, it is also used in knitwear production - sweaters and children's clothing, either alone or mixed with other types of wool to increase strength.

Armenian - from the Turkic - of various quality camel wool fabrics, made by some Turkic-speaking peoples (Tatars, Kazakhs), Mongols, etc.
Armyak - upper long-sleeved loose clothing in the form of a dressing gown made of thick coarse woolen fabric (Armenian) or cloth, used in the past by Russian peasants (especially the Urals and the Volga region); later - mainly coachmen's clothes.

Atlas - from Arabic (literally) - smooth.
Dense silk, semi-silk or cotton soft fabric with a smooth shiny front surface. It is produced from thin silk threads or from threads of medium thickness.
Atlas belongs to the category of satin fabrics. The latter are duller and slightly thicker than satin. These fabrics come in polyester, acetate and silk in various densities. Silk satin is often referred to as count satin or tuxedo satin. Polyester satin is quite durable to wear and almost does not form wrinkles. Acetate satin, when overused, loses its shape and also stretches along the lines of the seams, so it is better not to use it for sewing tight-fitting bodices.
Application: women's dresses are recommended to be sewn from this fabric. Atlas is also used for lining coats, hats, shoes; linings are sewn from it.

Afgalen is a woolen fabric with a characteristic, lighter (compared to the general background) stripe at the base (lobar). Alternating stripes (light and darkish - shadow) form a typical, feathered, with superimposed shadows pattern by interweaving two threads at the base.
The fabric is light, sometimes medium-heavy, usually plain-dyed or multicolored.
Application: afgalen is recommended for sewing ladies' coats.

Bike - from Polish bajka, from Dutch baai, from Old French baie - woolen fabric.
Soft, dense cotton or woolen fabric with a thick combed pile. Expensive varieties of woolen baize were very popular during the heyday of English fashion in Russia in the 40s of the 19th century, especially for sewing men's coats and sportswear.
Application: warm underwear, women's or children's clothes, pajamas, home clothes are sewn from cotton baize. The bike is also used to make light blankets. A woolen bike is used for sewing a demi-season coat.

Velvet (fabric) - velor - the French name for velvet.
Pile fabric with a soft fluffy front surface, obtained by introducing, in addition to the warp and weft, a special pile fabric (pile warp). The basis for the pile, which determines the grade of velvet, can be silk, cotton (semi-velvet) and wool.
It can be thin and shiny (for example, panne velvet), matte, thick or plush, one-colored or patterned.
Application: evening dresses, elegant capes, raincoats, children's clothes are sewn from velvet. Velvet has also been used lately for tailoring trousers.

Batiste - from the French batiste.
Batiste - a very thin translucent soft mercerized fabric, cotton, linen or silk, plain weave of tightly twisted threads. The high strength of the fabric, combined with lightness and transparency, is achieved through scrupulous observance of the same thickness of the warp and weft when using any raw material.
Application: cambric is used to sew lingerie, a light dress, blouses. Batiste is also used for sewing handkerchiefs.

Belting - from English belting - drive belt.
Heavy, very dense and durable technical fabric. It is produced by plain weave from twisted cotton yarn, and more durable varieties of belting - using chemical fibers.
Application: for the manufacture of conveyor belts and rubberized multi-layer drive belts.

Bengalin - from the French bengaline.
Silk transparent thin fabric, reminiscent of organdy.

Bobrik is a stiff, dense woolen fabric with a short standing combed pile on the front side.
Application: outerwear is sewn from beaver.

Side fabric (board)- dense semi-linen or cotton finished fabric of plain weave.
Application: as an inner lining, which gives stability to the shape of outerwear (for example, a collar).

Boston - from the French boston, from the name of the city of Boston.
Dense pure wool twill weave with fine slanted ribs. It is produced mainly in dark colors (blue, black, brown).
Application: suits, coats are sewn from Boston.

Brocat (brocatel)- light silk or semi-silk fabric with a clearly defined smooth-carded pattern, usually with gold or silver thread (lurex), sometimes shaded with colored threads.
The latest types of this fabric are made from synthetic fibers.
Application: women's blouses, elegant dresses are sewn from brokat. Also evening, for special occasions, women's dresses and men's evening jackets.

Boucle is a coarse fabric of plain weave, mostly wool, woven from a boucle thread with large knots located at some distance from each other. The bouclé thread with knots and loops of various sizes gives the fabric a characteristic relief. The fabric has a rough surface.
There are bouclé fabrics made of cotton and synthetic fibers.
Application: recommended for women's dresses and coats, as well as suits.

Bumazea - from the French bombasin, from the Italian bambagino - cotton, cotton.
A soft, mostly cotton, fabric with a brushed finish (usually on the wrong side). Thanks to the fleece, the bumazeya is very soft, fluffy, retains heat well.
Application: women's dresses and children's clothes are sewn from bumazee. Also used for making warm clothes.

Buret is a silk one-color fabric, characterized by a rough, hard, uneven surface to the touch, without sheen, heavy, usually of a natural color.
Application: recommend sewing ladies' suits, blouses, dresses, coats, sportswear.

Coarse calico - from Arabic - thick cotton or linen dense fabric of plain weave, bleached, dyed or printed, delicate to the touch. Made from carded yarn. Bleached calico is usually called canvas.
Application: sew bed linen, men's underwear, as well as overalls.

Velvet (velveteen)- from English velvet - velvet.
A dense cotton or synthetic fabric with longitudinal scars of cotton (weft) pile on the front surface, made from relatively fine yarn.
The best grade of velveteen is velvet cord, which has pile scars on the front side along the warp. Corduroy is usually produced in one color or printed with a pattern in the form of cells, stripes, etc.
Application: suits, winter dresses, jackets, trousers, skirts are sewn from velveteen. Sometimes velveteen replaces woolen fabric.

Velveton - or monkey skin - is a durable, windproof cotton one-colored dense fabric with a soft, thick combed pile on the front side. Has a velvety surface. Reminds me of suede.
Application: for tailoring sports suits, jackets.

Velor - from the French velours - velvet, from the Latin villosus - hairy, shaggy.
1) Pure wool heavy elastic, usually one-colored, soft to the touch, brushed fabric, with a short, thick and soft pile, giving a beautiful look to products (outerwear, hats).
It has a rough velvety surface. It looks like plush, but in velor the pile is much shorter and spreads over the entire surface.
One of the most valuable velor fabrics is drape velor, for the manufacture of which the best grades of merino wool are used.
Application: women's and men's coats are sewn from this fabric.
2) Velor (chrome suede) - chrome-tanned leather, made from dense small skins of cattle or pigs with a damaged front surface and finished with velvet on the bakhtarma side.
Application: velor is used mainly for the production of outerwear and footwear.

Vigon - a fabric made of camel wool and down.

Vichy - the name comes from the French city of Vichy, where it was first created. This is a checkered fabric. It is also called a small-check pattern, usually two-color - blue and white, red and white, etc.
Application: used for sewing men's shirts, dresses in folklore style, often in combination with braid and lace, as well as for curtains, tablecloths and napkins.

Volta is a light silky cotton fabric of plain weave made of fine combed yarn, approaching cambric in texture, but somewhat coarser.
It is produced mainly with colorful printed designs or dyed in light and bright colors, less often bleached and multicolored.
Application: volta is intended for sewing women's summer dresses or underwear.

Veil - from the French Voile - veil, veil.
Smooth, translucent, thin, one-colored, finely patterned fabric made from yarn - woolen, cotton or silk.
The veil is bleached, dyed and printed, the front side of the fabric is often decorated with embroidered designs. It is characterized by increased elasticity, rigidity, flowability.
Application: mainly for sewing ladies' dresses, light women's blouses.

Gabardine - from the French gabardine.
Lightweight woolen, wool blend, silk or cotton fabric, usually with small sloping ribs.
Application: coats and suits are sewn from gabardine.

Gas - from the French gaze.
A light translucent fabric with a special gauze weave, in which the finest silk or cotton threads are arranged so that there is space between the weft and warp threads.
The weaving method determined the type of gas - it could be satin, twill or linen; often in one matter these methods were combined.

Garus - from the Polish harus.
Coarse plain weave double-sided printed cotton or wool yarn for embroidery and knitting.
Application: dresses are made from linen garus, coarse fabrics for outerwear are made from woolen garus.

Glazet - from the French glace - glossy.
Silk fabric with gold and silver weft, smooth or with large patterns of flowers or geometric patterns.

Greensbon is a dense cotton fabric with a herringbone twill weave.
Application: bleached greensbon is used for tailoring men's underwear, one-colored greensbon - for the production of workwear, severe greensbon - for technical purposes.

Lady - from Damas - the French name for the city of Damascus in Syria.
Fashioned silk lightweight fabric with a large matte pattern on a smooth shiny background. The pattern is formed by weft threads from cotton yarn.
Application: as a lining in women's light suits and coats.

Damask - from the French damasse - patterned.
Shiny soft dense silk fabric with large patterns.
Uses: Damask is used as a lining in women's coats, upholstery and other decorative purposes.

Leatherette - from the Greek dermatinos - leather.
Cotton fabric with a nitrocellulose coating applied to one or both sides of the fabric; synthetic leather.
The ancient name is granitol.

Jersey - the name of a group of dress fabrics made of viscous thin woolen knitwear, as well as knitted woolen or silk fabric and products from it.
For example, Roman jersey is a heavy, low-elastic double-sided knitwear, most often made of high-quality natural wool, with front loops on both sides.
Application: dresses, skirts, jersey jackets look great, thanks to the material's ability to gently fall.

Denim fabrics - fabrics, which mainly include cotton fiber.
Currently, for greater elasticity and comfort of jeans, part of the fabric is made with the addition of lycra or elastane. Also, denim fabrics can be different to the touch: rough or soft; smooth, hairy or ribbed.
Types of denim:
"Denim" to the touch, it is rougher, it is distinguished by a characteristic weave of threads, and an exclusively external color. The reverse side of the denim is always white. The specific feature of weaving also gives the fabric a peculiar microscopic white pile;
"Broken twill" - a special type of denim, with a special type of weaving "herringbone"
"Jin" - cotton fabric, entirely dyed in one color. Cheap denim products are sewn from it;
Shambry is the lightest variety of denim. Blue denim, used in tailoring the most elegant garments: shirts, sundresses, underwear;
"Stretch" - stretchy denim with the addition of elastane;
"Eikru" - undyed denim, natural cotton color.

Diagonal - a dense cotton or woolen fabric with distinctly sloping ribs.
Application: military uniforms, jackets are sewn from the diagonal.

Drap - from the French drap - cloth.
Heavy, dense woolen or semi-woolen fabric, usually with a thick pile, a fabric made from a fluffy complex weave of cloth-spun yarn. Drap usually consists of 2 layers, due to which it has high heat-insulating properties. The front side of the fabric is often made from higher quality wool than the wrong side.
Depending on the structure and pattern of the weave, the drape can be tufted and untufted, one-color and multi-color, with a smooth face and a patterned lining. In Russian, the name "drap" refers only to double cloths, and lighter fabrics are called cloths.
Application: winter and demi-season coats are sewn from drape.

Jacquard is the collective name for all fabrics, in the pattern of which different types of interweaving of threads alternate. The use of different threads - matte and shiny, light and dark - enhances this effect. The composition of the fabric may be different, but if the name contains "jacquard", then this is necessarily a fabric with a pronounced large pattern.

Georgette is a light, very thin, translucent fabric, harsh to the touch. This fabric is similar to crepe georgette.
Application: women's elegant dresses, blouses are sewn from it.

Suede - from the Polish zamsz, from the German samisch Leder - leather tanned with fat tanning from deer skins, sheepskin or calf.
Differs in softness, velvety, water tightness. Suede is dyed in various colors. Suede is characterized by high porosity.
For shoes, artificial suede is obtained by impregnating a fabric with a suede pile with rubber glue. For haberdashery - by applying rubber glue to the fabric, on which crushed cotton fiber is then poured.
Application: suede is used to make garments, shoes, gloves, it is also used to filter gasoline and polish optical glasses.

Zephyr is a cotton fabric with characteristic narrow longitudinal stripes, called prosnovki, which are formed by thickened warp threads or colored threads.
Application: mainly men's shirts are sewn from marshmallow.

Tracing paper - from the French calque.
Transparent or translucent paper or specially treated fabric.
Application: tracing paper is used for copying, for example, drawings and drawings, in pencil or ink.

Camlot - from the French camelot - a fabric made from the wool of the angora goat.
Dense coarse cotton or woolen fabric made of black and brown threads.
Application: men's peasant clothes were sewn from camlot.

Canvas - from the French canevas.
Mesh cotton, less often linen, heavily finished fabric.
Application: canvas - the basis or stencil for embroidery, sometimes used as a cushioning material in clothing.

Kanifas - from the Dutch kanefas - canvas.
Thick cotton fabric, usually with embossed stripes.
Application: men's and women's clothes are sewn from canifas, sometimes it is used as linen fabric.

Castor - from the French castor, from the Greek kastor - beaver.
Thick brushed wool fabric with a short flattened pile. Some lightweight castors are called castorins.
Application: castor is used for winter coats and departmental clothing.

Cashmere - from the city of Kashmir.
Lightweight wool, wool blend or cotton fabric with slanted ribs.
In the late 80s - early 90s of the 19th century, it was the most fashionable fabric for men's and women's outerwear.
Application: women's and children's dresses are sewn from cashmere. The most popular cashmere products are shawls.

Kirza is a dense, durable multi-layered cotton fabric made from fine twisted yarn. In printing - technical cloth used for covering the printing drums of lithographic machines.
Application: for the manufacture of military footwear, rubberized drive belts, tarpaulin treated with film-forming substances is used as a leather substitute.

Kisei - from Turkic.
Lightweight sheer cotton fabric with a large check weave pattern and printed floral motifs on a white or light background.
In the first decade of the 19th century, white muslin was the most fashionable, as an imitation of ancient traditions. In terms of technical and artistic qualities, kisei is close to muslin.
Application: light women's and children's dresses are sewn from kisei.

Kitayka is a silk fabric imported to Russia from China.
Silk dyed plain weave fabric. In Russia, a similar inexpensive cotton fabric was produced, from which outerwear was sewn.
Application: Chinese was used in peasant life for sundresses and men's shirts.

Oilcloth - cotton, linen, viscose fabric or non-woven material, covered with a waterproof film of vegetable oils or a synthetic film former such as polyvinyl chloride.
Application: oilcloth is used for household needs.

Covercoat - from the English covertcoat.
Thick woolen or wool blend fabric, usually with slanted ribs. A cotton carpet is also produced.
Application: coats and suits are sewn from the carpet coat, cotton is used for making raincoats.

Kolomyanka - from Russian.
Linen, for the cheapest varieties with the addition of hemp, dense smooth fabric. It became widespread in Russia in the 19th century.
Application: linen kolomyanka was considered an expensive fabric, used by rich estates, as well as for making uniforms for naval officers.

Cord - from the French corde - rope, cord.
Twisted thread of high strength from chemical, less often cotton, fibers. Also called a cord is a woolen fabric with longitudinal scars on the front surface.
Application: as a thread it is used in the manufacture of automobile, aviation and other tires, rubberized textile products, in the form of a fabric it is used for sewing outerwear.

Crepe - from the French crepe.
The general name for all fabrics made from twisted (crepe) threads and fabrics of a special crepe weave with a characteristic grainy surface. Shirts, bed and night linen, dresses, blouses are sewn from cotton crepe. Woolen crepe is suitable for dresses, blouses.
Types of crepe fabrics:
Crepe satin is a well-draped dense fabric. The front side of crepe-satin is smooth and shiny (reminiscent of satin), the wrong side is matte, with a coarse-grained surface.
Crepe chiffon is a translucent fabric, denser than classic chiffon, with a characteristic crepe structure.
Moss crepe comes in different densities, some types of this fabric are quite transparent. It has an unobtrusive shimmery sheen. Suitable for modest evening dresses and suits.
Crepe georgette - silk fabric, thin, translucent, more shiny than crepe de chine. Differs in rigidity, elasticity, flowability. Blouses, dresses are sewn from this fabric, used for decoration.
Double crepe is a fairly dense, lightweight fabric with a characteristic grainy surface. This classic fabric - plastic, sliding - can be matte or softly shimmery. It is very good for summer and dressy wide flowing gauze trousers.

Crepe de chine is a silk fabric with a moderate sheen, the surface is fine-grained.
Application: suitable for blouses, dresses.

Creton - from the French cretonne.
Thick cotton fabric in plain weave made from pre-dyed yarn. Such yarn made it possible to obtain a textile ornament in the form of a cage or stripes.
Finishing with printed geometric or small floral ornaments is also known.
Application: cretonne was very widely used in Russia in the 19th century for draperies and furniture upholstery.

Krinkle or crash is the name of a group of crinkled fabrics.
Wrinkles of fabrics are often wrinkled in the lobar direction and are more or less pronounced.

Lace is a textile product without a woven base in which an openwork ornament and images are formed as a result of interlacing threads (silk, cotton, wool, metal, etc.).
Application: finishing of clothes, linen in the form of edging (stitching stripes, serrated borders) or inserts, as well as for the manufacture of paths, napkins, bedspreads.

Kumach - from Turkic.
Cotton fabric dyed in bright red or crimson.

Lavable - from the French laver - washable, washable.
A group of fabrics that have undergone a special wash-and-wear treatment during manufacture.
Regardless of which fibers are used, these fabrics are very soft and wash well.

Lavsan is the trade name for polyester fiber produced in the USSR. In England, the fabric is known as terylene, in America - dacron, in Japan - tetoron, in Germany - diolene, in China - elana, in France - tergal.
These polyethylene terephthalate fibers are popular in many countries and differ only in production technology.

Lame - a satin weave fabric made of natural or rayon, on the one hand it resembles crepe maroquin, on the other - shiny. It was popular in the 30s of the XX century.
The modern lamé is a lustrous, iridescent fabric with metallic and other shiny showy threads.

Eraser - from English lasting - durable.
A satin-weave cotton fabric reminiscent of satin in appearance, from which it differs in that the smooth covering of the front surface is formed by the warp threads, and not the weft. Eraser - light, silky, shiny fabric.
When finishing, the eraser is mercerized, impregnated with softening dressings. The eraser is produced mainly one-colored, less often stuffed.
Application: Used for linings, shirts and dresses.

Levantine - silk fabric, originally imported from the East - hence the name - from the Levant.
Just like the grogron, grodetur, gromoire, etc., it was produced only in one-color, one-colored. Levantine did not have any particular color. It could be not only gray or steel, but also various blue shades.

Lederin - from the German leder - leather.
Binding material, calico or cotton fabric, on one side of which a colored flexible opaque film of plasticized nitrocellulose, fillers and pigments is applied. Unlike calico, leatherine is water-resistant and has a glossy surface with a pattern.
Application: Lederine is mainly used in the printing industry and is valued as a good binding material.

Linkrust - from the Latin linum - flax, linen and crusta - bark, facing.
Roll finishing material - paper or fabric coated with a thin layer of plastic up to 1 mm, obtained on the basis of alkyd resins.
Application: linkrust is used for interior decoration of public buildings, cars, vehicles.

Lyonnaise - from the French lyonnaise, from the name of the city of Lyon.
Cotton dense fabric with pronounced scars on the front surface.
Application: men's shirts are sewn from Lyonnaise.

Lurex - a thread in the form of a narrow strip of shiny, foil-coated or metallized film, such as a fabric with Lurex.

Lustrine - from the French lustrine.
Thin dark woolen or cotton fabric with a sheen. It has been popular since the 18th century.
Application: the best grades of lustring were used for women's dresses, the tougher ones for men's coats and jackets.

Madapolam - from Madapollam - the name of the former suburb of the city of Narsapur in India.
Glossy stiff cotton linen fabric, which is obtained by bleaching calico.

Maya is a lightweight cotton fabric.
Available bleached, dyed and printed.
Application: women's and children's dresses are sewn from maya.

Marquisette - from the French marquisette.
A light, thin, transparent cotton or silk fabric made from very fine twisted yarn.
Application: summer dresses, blouses, underwear are sewn from voile.

Gauze - from the French marli - muslin.
Lightweight, transparent, hygroscopic cotton fabric, usually white.
Application: gauze is used as a dressing, as well as in the clothing industry, in the printing industry.

Melange fabric- is produced from a single or twisted melange yarn obtained from a mixture of fibers dyed in different colors.
Cotton melange fabrics are widespread: leotards, cheviot, suit leotards, carpet coat, cloth.
Woolen melange fabrics are called cloth melange, drape melange.

Mitkal - from the Persian metkal.
Rough thin cotton fabric. From calico as a result of dyeing and finishing operations, chintz and linen fabrics are obtained - madapolam, muslin.
Application: usually used as a semi-finished product in the manufacture of oilcloth and leatherette.

Moleskin - from English moleskin.
A dense, durable cotton fabric, usually dyed in dark colors.
Application: moleskin is used to sew overalls, work and sports suits, shoes, etc.

Moire - from the French moire.
Dense silk or semi-silk fabric with stains, shimmering in the light in various shades.
Application: Dresses, ribbons are made from moire; used for finishing.

Muslin - from the French mousseline.
The name of the fabric comes from the name of Mount Mosul in Iraq. It is a thin soft silk or cotton fabric.
Application: linen, blouses, dresses are sewn from muslin.

Mukhoyar - from Arabic.
Antique motley fabric from a mixture of linen, wool, less often cotton, dyed in yarn.

Printed fabric - a fabric that has a printed pattern on the surface.
Initially, printed fabric was produced by hand. Subsequently, printed fabrics began to be called all fabrics on which a pattern is applied by fabric printing machines.

Nanbuk is a plain dyed cotton fabric.
A satin weave fabric that is heavier and stiffer than regular satins.
Application: nanbuk is used for sewing work gowns, as linings.

Nanka - from the name of the Chinese city of Nanjing.
Durable cotton fabric, usually brownish-yellow.
Application: nanka is used for the manufacture of emery cloth and for sewing fur products, hats.

Nansuk - from the French nansouk.
Cotton thin light fabric, from which underwear and bed linen are sewn.

Organdi - from the French organdi.
A very thin stiff sheer matt silk fabric made with a finely patterned weave.
Application: organdy is used for finishing dresses, making collars and frills.

Canvas - heavy dense linen or semi-linen fabric made of thick yarn.
Application: originally used for sails. Used unfinished or impregnated with compositions for the manufacture of tarpaulins, shoe uppers, as well as for tailoring special clothing.

Brocade - from the Persian parche - matter.
An intricately patterned artistic and decorative fabric with a silk warp, containing in the weft (rarely in the warp) metal threads made of gold, silver or materials imitating them. The production of brocade has been known for more than two thousand years in China. Fabric appeared in Russia in the 16th century.
Application: It is mainly used as a finishing and decorative material.

Patriot - multicolored cotton fabric of gray color.
The warp threads are usually white, the weft threads are black.
Application: patriotic is used for the manufacture of men's shirts, children's suits, overalls.

Percale - from the French percale.
Thin cotton technical fabric made from non-twisted yarns. It is produced unfinished, but with the adhesive solution applied during sizing removed.
Application: in the manufacture of parachutes, textolite. Percales are also used for sewing summer dresses and blouses.

Motley is a fabric made from the remnants of yarn of various kinds (wool, linen, cotton) and colors, often striped.
The name comes from "variegated", referring in ancient times to hemp fabric.
The motley has no characteristic features: standard width, density, a certain combination of colors. Therefore, the name "motley" was used very widely in relation to homespun fabric.

Pique - from the French pique.
Dense cotton, less often silk fabric, the front surface of which is worked out in the form of scars of various shapes.

Plis - from the Swedish plyz, from the French peluche - plush.
Cotton fabric with pile, also known as "paper" velvet. It became widespread in the 17th century.
Application: inexpensive outerwear and boots were sewn from plush.

Plush from the German plusch, from the Latin pilus - hair.
Cotton, silk or woolen fabric with approx. 2.2 mm.
Application: plush is used for sewing and finishing clothes, furniture upholstery.

Cloth - textile fabric, in the broad sense - knitwear, curtain-tulle and other products, in the narrow sense - linen, semi-linen, cotton, silk fabric, usually made from warp and weft threads of the same thickness and density.

Poplin - from the French popeline.
Fabric made of cotton, silk or chemical fibers with transverse scars. It has a soft and beautiful fall and has a noble sheen.
Application: feminine dresses and blouses are sewn from poplin, as well as men's shirts.

Prunel - from the French prunelle.
Thin cotton, silk or woolen fabric, usually black. Received distribution from con. 19th century
The weave of the fabric is 5 or 7 shaft basic satin, usually black. Finishing with prunel - usually singeing and then hot pressing or galandrining, sometimes pre-sizing is done with a solution of gum (vegetable resin containing up to 55% gum and essential oils).
Application: prunel was used for making shoes, furniture upholstery.

Ratin - from the French ratine.
Dense soft woolen fabric with short curls of dense pile on the surface.
Application: outerwear is sewn from ratin.

Reps - from English reps.
Cotton or silk fabric, in which the front side and inside are covered with scars, which are formed due to the significantly thinner and higher density of the threads in the warp than in the weft.
Application: rep is used for sewing clothes and shoes, as well as a decorative material.

Twill - from the Latin sericus - silk.
Cotton or chemical fiber fabric with oblique ribs on the front surface.
Application: mainly twill is used for linings.

Satin - from the French satin.
Cotton, silk or wool smooth fabric with a shiny surface
Application: cotton satin is recommended for dressing gowns, dresses, and work clothes. From woolen satin sew elegant ladies' clothes.

Satin - from the French satinette.
Thin cotton fabric with a satin weave, with a woven ornament in the form of thin stripes.

Sermyaga - coarse, usually homespun undyed cloth.
Sermyaga has become popular since the 16th century. Outer peasant clothes were sewn from it, which was also sometimes called sermyaga.

Serpyanka is a light linen fabric with a rare interweaving of threads, reminiscent of modern gauze.

Mesh - a canvas consisting of small, delicate cells, reminiscent of tulle and is used to make inserts and some distances of the dress, for example, an invisible neckline.
Mesh types:
Mesh - stretch with a printed floral pattern - a delicate soft fabric for sewing summer products. It stretches superbly in all directions, is pleasant to the body and reflects the trend of lightness and transparency in clothing.
Mesh-lace silver color is an embroidered floral motifs with the addition of lurex on a mesh basis. The pattern convex on both sides makes the fabric rather rigid, inelastic, but keeps its shape well and is very elegant.

Chintz - from the Dutch sits; in Sanskrit sitras - motley.
Lightweight cotton fabric obtained by finishing with a harsh calico.
Application: light women's and children's dresses, shirts, etc. are sewn from chintz.

Suzani is a decorative rectangular cotton or silk fabric embroidered with patterns.

Cloth - pile or lint-free woolen or cotton fabric, on the front surface of which there is a felt-like covering that hides the weave pattern of the fabric.
Application: Coats and suits are sewn from cloth.

Surovye is an unfinished textile fabric.

Tarlatan - from the French tarlatane.
Lightweight cotton or semi-silk fabric, from which women's dresses were sewn in the 19th century.

Taffeta - from Persian tafte - woven.
Thick cotton or silk fabric with small transverse scars or patterns on a matte background.
Application: men's shirts, women's dresses are sewn from cotton taffeta, blouses, skirts, etc. are sewn from silk.
Types of taffeta:
Taffeta is an elegant, crisp fabric, dense to the touch, with a characteristic, pronounced structure - a scar on the surface, a "dry" carcass and an unobtrusive sheen. Rigidity is given by finishing (chemical treatment) and therefore taffeta is heavily wrinkled. Evening dresses, blouses are sewn from it. It is used as covers under dresses, on petticoats. It is also very suitable for classic evening trousers or stylish 3/4 trousers.
Polyester taffeta is a dense, very smooth, wonderfully rustling fabric with a noble sheen, it is very suitable for an elegant dress.
Viscose taffeta is good for summer attire: it is less rigid with a body-friendly "cotton" structure and shimmering sheen.

Tweed - from English tweed.
Plain weave wool fabric for outerwear.

Twin - from English twine - twisted thread.
Low-grade woolen or cotton solid color fabric with a twill weave.

Textile - from the Latin textile - fabric and texo - weave.
Products made from fibers and threads - fabrics, knitwear, non-woven and duplicated materials, felt products, wadding, nets, textile haberdashery, twisted products - sewing threads, ropes, etc.

Textile fabric- a product made on a loom by interlacing longitudinal and transverse threads (warp and weft). It has a thickness of 0.1-5 mm, a width usually up to 1.5 m, sometimes up to 12 m, different lengths. According to the type of raw materials, textile fabrics are distinguished: cotton, woolen, silk, linen, from chemical fibers.
There are homogeneous (woolen, linen, etc.), mixed (from threads made from a mixture of different fibers) and heterogeneous (for example, with a cotton warp and wool weft). Textile fabrics removed from the machines are called harsh (severe); they are then finished.
Bleached, dyed and printed textile fabrics are produced. They are divided into household and technical.

Teak - from the Dutch tijk.
Thick linen or cotton fabric with a pattern in the form of longitudinal stripes.
Application: used as upholstery material, for making mattresses, etc.

Trouville - cotton fabric with a rep-like texture (in a small transverse scar), produced one-colored and with a printed pattern in the form of longitudinal stripes.
Application: men's shirts are sewn from trouville.

Fai - from the French faille.
Dense fabric with small transverse scars, resulting from the difference in thickness and density of the weft and warp.
Application: silk file (feydeshin) is used for sewing dresses, banners, woolen file - for tailoring suits and dresses.

Patterned fabric is a patterned fabric, mostly silky. The shaped fabrics are produced mainly on the Jacquard machine.
Application: The shaped fabric is used for upholstery, tie making and for decorative purposes.

Flannel - from French.
Soft cotton or wool fabric, brushed on both sides.
Application: linen, women's and children's dresses are sewn from flannel.

Foulard - from the French foulard.
Lightweight soft silky fabric, dyed or printed. It has been popular since the 18th century.
Application: handkerchiefs and neckerchiefs were made from the foulard, and at the beginning of the 20th century women's dresses were sewn, lampshades and curtains were made.

Khaki - from the Indian Hindi khaki - the color of dirt, earth.
Brownish-green fabric, used mainly for sewing army uniforms.

Canvas is a harsh linen or bleached fabric, homespun in ancient times. A thin layer of fibers itself was called canvas (a semi-finished product in spinning and in the production of non-woven materials). Canvas in the fine arts is called the fabric on which artists paint pictures.

Chesucha is a Chinese fabric.
Silk fabric of plain weave, has a yellowish-sand color and is produced from a special type of silk.

Cheviot - from the English cheviot.
Soft, dense, slightly fluffy fabric made of woolen or blended (with cotton or viscose) yarn.
Application: suits and coats are sewn from cheviot

Chiffon - from the French chifon - a rag.
Thin silky cotton fabric with a high density plain weave.
Bilateral chiffon - two-layer material from layers loosely connected with each other. Layers are selected in different overlapping tones, due to which a play of color and fabric pattern is obtained.
Embroidered chiffon is obtained by embroidering floral patterns with colored threads, silver and gold threads are also used. Light capes for dresses are sewn from such chiffon. It is also used for the top of a layered suit.
Lurex chiffon is a smooth translucent fabric, soft with iridescent sheen. The longitudinal threads of Lurex are clearly visible in the fabric.
Sequined chiffon is used to add glam to blouses and dresses. Under a lot of mischievous sparkling sequins, a transparent base is not so noticeable. The glitter outfit looks amazing!
Satin chiffon combines the best qualities of materials - transparency and perfect smoothness. As a result, we get the most delicate fabric, which is very suitable for creating beautiful and elegant blouses and dresses.
Chiffon jacquard is used for solemn wedding, evening, graduation dresses and dresses. Transparent elements in this fabric are interestingly combined with denser ones, making up original patterns.
It is applied: for tailoring of linen, blouses, dresses, and also in the chemical industry.

Tartan - cotton, often with viscose threads, woolen or silk fabric with a checkered pattern.
Now the tartan is strongly associated with the clothes of the Scottish highlanders and is most often made of woolen fabric with a traditional Scottish pattern - tartan (which in Russia is just called "plaid").
Historically, the large kilt was long enough to be slung over the shoulder or covered under in bad weather. The paints for the kilt were made on a plant basis, and the sets of paints could be used to judge the place where the kilt was made. The set of fabric colors that made up the kilt was also special for each of the Scottish clans; these colors clearly determined the person's belonging to the clan. In addition, the number of plaid flowers indicated the position in society: one - a servant, two - a farmer, three - an officer, five - a military leader, six - a poet, seven - a leader.
Application: women's or children's dresses, men's shirts are sewn from plaid.

Shtof - from the German Stoff.
Decorative smooth-wool, smoothly dyed fabric of combined or other weaves with a complex large woven pattern. Damask is produced mainly from various chemical threads.
Most of the shtofs were of one color, the ornament was created by interweaving shiny and matte surfaces of crepe, rep and other types of weave. The damask initially gained popularity in the 18th century. After a decline in interest in fabric, damask came into fashion again only in the middle of the 19th century.
Application: thin damask was used for sewing skirts and women's dresses Thick damask is usually used as a curtain fabric for the production of curtains and upholstery of walls and furniture.

Ecossaise is a plaid fabric, originally only woolen, since the 18th century also silk or paper.

Eponge - from French eponge - sponge.
Cotton or silk fabric with a rough surface, with a multi-colored pattern in the form of patterned melange, checks, wide stripes, etc.
Pongee is a soft plain weave fabric with a spongy surface formed by threads, on the surface of which there are thickenings, loops, knots. They produce cotton, semi-silk and silk pongee.
Application: Pongee is used for sewing women's and children's dresses. Umbrellas are also produced from pongee, on the dome of which water does not linger, but turns into droplets and easily rolls off. Pongee umbrellas are especially popular in Japan.

The modern world offers a lot of opportunities - entertainment, family, career, travel. In a short period of time, equal to twenty-four hours, I want to fit everything in the world and a little more. Household appliances have reduced manual labor to nothing: even in order to wash clothes, it is enough to load things into the machine and press a button.

The fabric that needs to be ironed is now called capricious and demanding. No one wants to waste their time on a routine that can be avoided. That is why wrinkle-resistant fabrics that do not require additional care are so popular.

natural fabrics

Ironing is one of the household chores

Natural materials are safe, environmentally friendly and pleasantly attached to the body. However, it is natural fabrics, unlike synthetics, that wear out quickly. Natural, linen and wool cannot be categorized as wrinkle-resistant materials. However, due to manufacturing technology or special weaving, some types of textiles are very easy to care for, keep their shape well and practically do not crumple.

Denim

Denim is the material from which the famous blue trousers are sewn. All varieties contain organic cotton. In the manufacture of fabric, the fibers are well twisted on special ring-spinning machines, and the threads are connected with a very strong twill weave. It is easy to recognize the material by the painted front side and the pale inside.

From denim sew:

trousers, shorts, overalls;
jackets, jackets and vests;
skirts and dresses.

Denim is a very dense, wear-resistant fabric that allows air to pass through and absorbs moisture well. The material with the addition is called stretch and not only does not wrinkle, but stretches elastically and fits the figure tightly.

Cotton terry (frote)

Mahra almost does not require ironing

Terry cloth looks very interesting - its entire surface is covered with soft pile, which consists of elongated loops, it looks like fur. The pile is one-sided, two-sided, and also differs in density and length. There are varieties with a relief pattern resembling an imprint, as well as sheared terry. The fabric is made from natural cotton, as well as from bamboo and.

What is sewn from terry:

towels and bedspreads;
bathrobes;
mattresses and pillows.

Mahra is knitwear, that is, a knitted fabric consisting of loops. After crumpling, the threads elastically return to their places, it is enough just to straighten and smooth the material. Pile is good for health, because it easily massages the skin.

Blended fabrics

Blended materials have the advantages of natural and synthetic fabrics

With the invention of synthetic fibers, which are produced chemically, appeared. The material is a combination of natural and synthetic threads, which allows you to create textiles that have the advantages of both groups. Blended fabrics are versatile, suitable for creating clothes, various special uniforms, . The combination of dissimilar fibers allows you to create a durable wear-resistant and practical fabric.

Most often, cotton is used as the basis - natural fibers of plant origin. Cotton in the composition is usually less, up to 40%. A bright representative of wrinkle-resistant blended fabrics - used to create bed linen (more on this fabric will be discussed below).

It is thanks to the synthetic component that mixed textiles practically do not wrinkle, hold their shape well, do not deform, do not shrink, and in most cases are very elastic.

There are also fully synthetic materials consisting of several varieties of chemical fibers (for example,).

Wrinkle-resistant fabrics for bed linen

Bed linen used daily

Sleeping sets are used very often, daily. Lingerie should not only be beautiful and pleasant to the touch, but also very practical in order to save time on caring for it. The most popular are smooth, wear-resistant fabrics that do not shrink, rub or shed. Of course, wrinkle-resistant materials should be preferred in the first place, because ironing double sheets and duvet covers is another test and pleasure.

Percale

This material can be classified as natural fabrics. are made from non-twisted cotton threads of increased strength. Sails and skins for the first types of aircraft were made from this material. Percale is a smooth, wear-resistant, hygroscopic and dimensionally stable fabric. Dense texture protects textiles from creasing.

In addition to bed linen, percale is used to make:

dresses, shirts and;
children's walking envelopes;
tents, parachutes and sails.

The fabric is very easy to care for, does not require special operating conditions, does not electrify during use and perfectly retains color.

Polycotton

Polycotton is a blended fabric consisting of polyester and cotton, hence the name (poly + cotton). The composition of the material is different, it differs in the percentage of cotton and synthetics. The most affordable fabrics contain fewer natural fibers.

Polycotton is made from:

bed sets (pillowcases, duvet covers, sheets, bedspreads);
covers for blankets and pillows.

Polycotton is a very durable and strong material, it practically does not wrinkle and does not require additional care. The fabric does not stretch or shrink, all dirt is easily washed off, and products, no matter how voluminous they are, dry quickly.

Poplin

The material is a soft double-sided fabric with a fine ribbed texture. Originally made from pure silk, poplin is now popular in cotton and synthetics, as well as a combination of warp and wool weft. Matter is with patterns, one-color, and also multi-colored.

In addition to bed linen, poplin is made of:

blouses, shirts, dresses;
T-shirts and T-shirts;
, home clothes.

The fabric does not cause allergies, retains heat and absorbs moisture, perfectly retains its shape and color, and is inexpensive. Poplin practically does not wrinkle, is not demanding in care.

satin

A great option for delicate, soft bedding. - a delicate, glossy fabric with a smooth horizontal weave pattern (the weaving method is called satin). Traditionally, the fabric is made from silk, but economical cotton variations are also found.

Also sew from satin:

dresses, blouses, skirts, sundresses;
Men's shirts.

Despite the subtlety and apparent decorativeness, satin is a very durable material, it practically does not wrinkle due to the elasticity of the fibers and can withstand more than 300 washes before it starts to fade slightly.

Synthetic fabrics

Synthetic fabrics have significant advantages over natural counterparts.

Often, at the sight of a 100% synthetic composition on the label of a thing, buyers wince with a sigh: “Synthetics! Chemistry!". However, the only fault of synthetic materials is that they were created by man with the help of science and modern technology, and not processed from organic materials, like cotton or wool.

With proper product quality, synthetics are absolutely safe, and in terms of properties not only are they not inferior to natural fabrics, but also often surpass them in terms of wear resistance and strength.

Lycra

It is an elastic, stretchy material. Sometimes, meaning lycra, such fabrics are called or elastane. They are not synonymous, but also not different fabrics - just a synthetic stretchy type of textile that different companies make and give them their own names.

Lycra: application and colors

Lycra stretches and does not tear due to its special texture - synthetic fibers resemble segments interconnected by thin "bridges".

From lycra sew:

turtlenecks, dresses, leggings;
sportswear;
underwear;
socks and stockings.

In addition to the fact that lycra does not wrinkle and stretches perfectly, the fabric is moisture resistant, durable, light and pleasant to the touch.

Nylon

As a result of research by the chemical company DuPont, a durable chemical material was invented, which was called nylon. The fabric consists of polyamides, which, after a chemical reaction, are transformed into fine fibers.

A huge number of things are made from nylon:

underwear;
hosiery;
casual clothes (t-shirts, pants, sweaters, dresses);
tourist, sportswear;
uniforms.

In addition to the fact that the fabric does not require ironing, it is very wear-resistant, lightweight and durable. Nylon protects from cold and wind, looks attractive and is affordable.

Polyester

Synthetic material that looks like natural wool, but the characteristics and properties coincide with cotton. Fibers are obtained from oil refining.

From the material sew:

underwear;
dresses, sweaters, skirts, suits;
outerwear.

Polyester is very durable, retains its shape, practically does not wrinkle, is very easy to wash and absolutely does not require special care conditions, as well as ironing.

Taffet

Blended synthetic fabric, composed of nylon and polyester. Taffeta is a light, practical thin fabric with a glossy surface, it is a synthetic analogue of silk or cotton taffeta.

From taffeta are made:

flags, interior decor;
raincoats and down jackets;
tracksuits;
special and tourist clothing.

Taffeta is quite rigid and dimensionally stable, and therefore does not wrinkle.

Microfiber (microfiber)

The main feature of the material is the thinnest fibers with a diameter of about 0.06 mm. Microfiber is also called dissected - it is treated with a special compound that divides the material into equal segments, actually cuts it.

Here's how microfiber differs from regular filament

This material is used to make:

bed linen and;
children's clothing;
everyday and household items;
elements of outerwear.

Microfiber perfectly absorbs moisture, it is very light, does not shrink, does not wrinkle and dries instantly after washing.

Meryl

It is a trademark, a kind of microfiber. The fabric is smooth, shiny and matte, made on the basis of nylon. From the measure they make:

sports underwear;
T-shirts and other types of clothing that are worn directly on the naked body.

Meryl is a flowing silky fabric, it does not accumulate static electricity, does not roll, covers the body like a second skin, and also does not wrinkle due to its elasticity.

Taktel

Another type of microfiber, also a trademark. The material is made from polyamide. Taktel is produced in several varieties - ultra-thin fabric, soft, radiant, melange. Sew from a taktel:

underwear and bed linen;
elements of sportswear;
things adjacent to the body (shirts, t-shirts).

The material is very durable, aesthetic and durable. The main feature is incredible softness, although the fabric may look dense and rough, as well as resistance to the formation of wrinkles and folds.

reaper

curtain header

Among the list of crease-resistant fabrics, one cannot but name a material that is also not afraid of folds, because the fabric is already a crumpled canvas. It's about the reaper. This is an original matter that retains its interesting appearance after washing, drying, and long-term storage in a straightened form. The reaper is not ironed.

The material is made from a variety of fibers:

wool;
silk;
cotton;
synthetics.

In fact, the harvester is a kind of decoration of a textile fabric. To achieve a wrinkled effect, the finished fabric is folded and twisted, and then the material is heat-treated and pressed with a press. The result is persistent creases and wrinkles that are not smoothed out under the weight of the fabric. Most often, densely twisted fibers are used to create the material.

There are the following types of harvester:

natural fabric;
artificial (from viscose);
synthetic;
mixed.

Dresses, shirts, blouses, skirts, bed linen are sewn from the harvester. The material is not capricious, it is not necessary to iron it, but it is washed according to the information on the label, because the composition of the fabric is different and each specific product requires an individual approach.

conclusions

There are a huge number of wrinkle-resistant fabrics. There are natural, synthetic, blended options, as well as a unique variety of header fabric that made the list because it doesn't need to be ironed.

Wrinkle-resistant fabrics are very practical, while they have a lot of other positive properties - from hygroscopicity to color fastness, and also have a wide range of applications. Warp-resistant materials are used for bedding, casual wear and specialized suits.

Types of fabrics and their characteristics.

High-quality, fashionable and beautiful fabric is the key to the success of any garment. The fabric is created by interlacing the warp and weft threads, located mutually perpendicular to each other, using a loom. Various types of fabrics are created due to the characteristics of the raw materials and weaving weaves that determine its structure, appearance and properties. What are the fabrics and what are their characteristics, properties, weaves? This will be discussed in this article. We will present the types of fabrics in detailed descriptions and with photos so that you can navigate this topic.

According to the type of raw materials, all types of fabrics can be divided into three large groups: natural, artificial and synthetic. There is also spinous tissue of mineral origin, but it is used only in the construction business.

The first group includes fabrics made from fibers of plant and animal origin: cotton, linen, jute, hemp, wool and silk.

Artificial fabrics are obtained from natural substances of organic origin - cellulose, proteins, and inorganic - glass, metal. These are viscose, acetate, fabrics with metallic threads and lurex.

Synthetic fabrics are made from polymer threads. These include: polyamide fabrics - dederon, hemlon, silon; polyesters - tesil, sloter, diolen; polypropylene and polyvinyl fabrics - dralon and kashmilon.

The textural features of various types of fabrics - gloss, pile, "sandy surface" - largely depend on the type of weaving.

Plain (smooth or main) weaves of warp and weft threads are linen (taffeta), twill (twill) and satin (satin). Special weaves have crepe and fine-grained fabrics (canvas). Plaid and striped fabrics have a compound (combined) weave. Fabrics with complex patterns have a jacquard weave. To create pile fabrics, a weft-pile weave (semi-velvet, velveteen) or warp-pile weave (velvet, plush) is used. In the manufacture of fine-woven fabrics such as drape and some types of silk, a two-layer weave is used, in which two separate fabric sheets are formed, interconnected by special weft or warp threads.

According to the color scheme, the types of fabrics can be divided into plain and multi-color - melange, printed, multi-colored, mulirovanny.

Over the centuries-old history of weaving, a huge number of different types of fabrics have been created, striking with a variety of textures, patterns and surface effects.

The most famous types of fabrics and their names:

Openwork - a fabric made of cotton, woolen or silk yarn, which has a through ornament. It was very popular in the first half of the 19th century.

Alpaca is a light, soft, thin fabric made in plain or twill weave from the wool of the domestic animal of the same name, which is bred in Peru and Bolivia. A very valuable type of wool.

Angora (angora wool) - made from the wool of angora rabbits and goats bred on farms in England, France, Italy, Japan. Used in knitwear.

Satin - one-colored fabric made of silk threads with a shiny satin weave surface. Translated from Arabic, "atlas" means "smooth". Atlas has been known in Rus' since the 15th century: it was widely used for making clothes for the nobility - caftans, feryazi, zipuns, sundresses and shirts. In modern fashion, women's dresses for special occasions, elegant blouses and suits are made from it. Satin is also used as a lining fabric.

Types of fabrics - photo: fabric satin, alpaca, velvet, cambric, supplex, boucle, velveteen, velor and viscose.

Acetate silk is a silk made from man-made fibers first obtained in 1925 by chemists Celanese Corp. of America (USA).

Velvet is a cotton, soft fabric with a pile surface. Velvet can be plain-dyed or patterned. It is used to make evening dresses and suits, trousers and jackets. Stretch velvet is superbly stretchable and fits the figure well thanks to the elastic fibers in the composition of the fabric. Used to make leggings and sweatshirts.

Batiste - light and dense, delicate to the touch, cotton or linen fabric with plain weave. The fabric is named after the Flemish weaver Baptiste of Cambrai, who first made it in the 13th century. Blouses, dresses, women's and children's underwear, handkerchiefs are made from cambric.

Brokat is a silk fabric with a smooth carded pattern and with gold or silver threads (lurex). The latest developments of this fabric are made from synthetic fibers. Brocat is used to make elegant blouses and dresses, as well as men's evening jackets.

Boston is a plain dyed twill weave made of high quality wool with increased wear resistance. Used to make costumes.

Boucle is a thick plain weave fabric made from fancy yarn with large knots in the form of irregular loop-like thickenings, due to which “bumps” form on its surface. Used to make women's suits and coats.

Coarse calico - a dense cotton or linen fabric of plain weave, made from carded yarn. Used to make bed linen.

Velveteen cord is a cut-pile cotton fabric with pile strips 3-5 mm wide. It is plain dyed and printed.

Types of fabrics - photo: gabardine fabrics, guipure (lace), tapestry, devoré, jersey, drape, jacquard fabric, georgette, suede.

Corduroy rib is a cut-pile cotton fabric with pile strips 1 mm wide. It is plain dyed and printed.

Velor (from French Velours - velvet) - the general name for materials that have a pile, velvety front surface. These are not only fabrics (cotton, wool, rayon), but also leather and felt. In some countries, velveteen and velvet are called velor.

Viscose is the name of an artificial fiber made from cellulose and a fabric based on it. Viscose was first made in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century. In its pure form, it has a number of disadvantages (shrinkage during soaking, low strength), however, in combination with other fibers, high-quality fabrics are obtained.

Veil - a thin, transparent fabric made of cotton threads of plain weave. Weight of 1 square meter from 60 to 105 g.

Gabardine - (from Spanish - "gabardina" - protection from the elements) - a pure woolen or semi-woolen fabric of twill weave, on the surface of which there are pronounced diagonal scars. The fabric has high wear resistance and water resistance due to the density and uniformity of the surface. It is used for the manufacture of women's and men's suits, coats and raincoats.

Gas is a transparent, almost weightless silk or cotton fabric of a special weave, in which the weft and warp threads retain space. Depending on the manufacturing characteristics, gas was obtained as a satin, canvas or twill.

Garus is a type of woolen fabric named after the city of Arras in Flanders, where it was made.

Guipure is a lace fabric made of thin cotton or silk threads, consisting of fragments sewn with a needle or made using bobbins, interconnected. Today guipure is made by machine.

Denim (denim) - (from French De Nim - from Nimes) - cotton fabric of plain or twill weave, characterized by high strength and density. Named after the city of Nimes, where it was first made. In the beginning it was used for the manufacture of work clothes for gold miners, in our time - for everyday jeans.

Devore is a fabric, the pattern on which is obtained by burning (chemical etching) of part of the fibers.

Types of fabrics - photo: cashmere, crash, lycra, varnish, linen, organza, brocade, pique, plush.

Jersey is a knitted fabric (single or double) machine knitted with a small loop pitch, which has high stretch and a smooth surface. Jersey is made from combed wool, sometimes from cotton, silk or man-made fibres. Wool jersey was introduced into fashion by Coco Chanel.

Drap (from French Drap - cloth) - a soft woolen fabric with a smooth surface, on which, as a result of the roll, a felt-like covering is formed, covering the weaving. Drapes can be one- and two-faced, plain and multi-color, nap and smooth. Used for sewing men's and women's coats.

Cashmere is a woolen or semi-woolen fabric with a diagonal rib on the surface, made from the wool of the Himalayan goat. The name of the fabric comes from the Indian state of Kashmir, from which the fabric was imported to Europe since the 18th century. However, this is also the name of the goat, from the wool of which this fabric is produced.

Crepe de Chine (fr. Crepe de Chine) - a fabric made from silk threads made from raw silk in the warp and crepe silk in the weft or a fabric made from artificial threads made from a slightly twisted warp and a high crepe twist weft (surface density - 130 g / m2). Crepe de chine has a matte finish.

Crepe georgette is a thin, translucent fabric made of crepe-twist silk threads in a plain weave warp and weft. It is characterized by rigidity, elasticity, flowability of edges. It is used for making dresses, blouses, and also for decoration.

Crepe satin is a two-sided fabric made of artificial silk threads: one side is satin, the other is matte with a crepe effect. Both sides can be used as front.

Crepe-chiffon is a fabric made from natural twisted threads of silk-crepe in the warp and weft of plain weave (surface density 25 g/m2). The fabric has a matte surface, like all fabrics of the crepe group.

Linen is a fabric made from threads produced from flax stalks. Linen is a natural material with excellent hygienic properties: it allows air to pass through and pleasantly cools the skin on a hot summer day.

Organdy (from French Organdi - hard dressing fabric) is a thin, transparent, hard cotton fabric, which is native to East India.

Organza is a hard to the touch, transparent fabric made from natural silk or chemical fibers.

Brocade is a complex fabric with patterns of gold and silver threads. It was imported to Russia from Turkey and Iran, later from France and Italy, and from the 18th century its production was established in Russia.

Pique is a cotton or silk fabric with a complex interweaving of fibers, which has a characteristic texture of the front side in the form of longitudinal stripes. Used to make women's dresses, blouses, suits.

Polyamide (nylon) is a synthetic fiber and fabric made from it, which has high wear resistance and exceptional tensile strength.

Types of fabrics - photo from left to right: poplin, rep, cloth, taffeta, tweed, fukra, cotton, silk, silk satin.

Polyester is a new synthetic material with good breathability and softness.

Semi-velvet is a dense cotton fabric with a pile surface obtained due to a weft-pile weave.

Poplin is a dense plain weave fabric made from cotton, silk or woolen threads. It has a small transverse scar due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is greater than that of the weft threads. Silk poplin is used to make elegant dresses.

Rep is a dense fabric made of cotton, silk and woolen threads, made from combed yarn in the warp and weft, plain weave. The fabric has a “ribbed” texture due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is higher than the density of the weft threads: the surface of the fabric is formed from the warp threads, and the weft threads, being in the middle, form transverse scars.

Twill - a fabric made of silk or woolen threads of twill weave. Silk twill is an excellent material for lining, and woolen for outerwear.

Satin is a fabric with a shiny surface made of silk, cotton and woolen threads with a satin weave. Silk satin is a stunningly beautiful material for making wedding and elegant dresses. Cotton satin is used to make home and work clothes. Wool satin is used for outerwear.

Broadcloth is a dense woolen fabric with a moderately shiny surface, obtained by weaving medium thickness carded yarn in the warp and thick hardware yarn in the weft. In the process of finishing, the fabric is piled, then the pile is sheared and pressed. Cloth is used to make coats and suits.

Taffeta is a dense silk fabric, one-colored or multicolored, with a ribbed texture. Used for ball gowns.

Types of fabrics - photo: wool, chiffon, staple fabric. Weaves of fabric from left to right: plain, twill and satin weave.

Tweed (English, tweed) is a coarse woolen fabric with a twill weave. Named after the river in Scotland, along the banks of which there were textile enterprises for the production of these fabrics.

Taktel is a fabric made of fine fiber containing 100% cellulose, has high wear resistance, windproofness and good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture, "breathes".

Flannel is a cotton or wool fabric of rep (weft) or twill weave, which has a double-sided sparse pile. Cotton flannel is used to make linen. Men's and women's clothing is made from soft and warm woolen flannel: suits, skirts, trousers.

Cotton is a natural fiber made from the cotton plant.

Shanzhan - natural or artificial silk with an iridescent effect, obtained thanks to multi-colored warp and weft threads.

Cheviot is a one-color sparse woolen fabric of twill weave, which is subjected to felting and shearing. It is used for the manufacture of outerwear.

Silk is a lightweight fabric made from threads obtained from silkworm cocoons.

Wool - a fabric made from natural fibers made from the wool of sheep, camels, goats.

Chiffon is a very thin, delicate translucent fabric made from threads of silk, cotton, viscose or synthetic crepe twist. Silk chiffon is considered the best - smooth, shiny, flowing.

Tartan - a term for a fabric with a pattern in a large check.

Staple - a soft fabric made of silky fiber based on cellulose with the addition of cotton, has good hygienic properties and is used in the summer range of clothing.

A variety of fabrics allow every woman to find her own unique look and style!

Irina Shestakova for fammeo.ru

Shiny fabric - for the most radiant outfits

Shiny, shimmering with all colors clothes invariably attracts the eye. Without a doubt, the owner of such a dress will always be in the spotlight. What shiny fabrics the textile industry produces, their properties, characteristics and tailoring features are detailed in our article.

The peak of fashion for shimmering and iridescent fabrics fell on the 80s - early 90s of the twentieth century - the height of the multi-color disco style. After that, for two decades, shiny clothes could only be seen on the stage or concert venues. But everything comes back at some point. And today, shining dresses, blouses, vests, hats, bags can be seen again not only in a nightclub, but also in a normal everyday environment.

Shine and radiance in fabrics are achieved by various means. The main ones are the following:

special weave of threads, giving a smooth shiny surface;
the composition of the fibers, due to which the canvas shimmers;
special spraying;
weaving metal threads;
use of sequins.

Each group of fabrics has its own characteristics. Let's consider them in more detail.

Chic and shine of satin and satin fabrics

The very word "atlas", which in Arabic means "smooth", speaks of the appearance of the material. Whatever products are sewn from it - wedding dresses, bedding, curtains or tablecloths - they all look simply “brilliant”.

This appearance of the fabric is achieved through a special weave, which is called satin. Its distinguishing feature is the predominance of warp threads on the surface, completely covering the wefts. This structure allows the use of blended fibers for production: silk comes out on the front side, and the reverse side is cotton or synthetic.

By the way, silk fibers are not always used as a basis. The satin-weave fabric eraser is 100% cotton, but still has a pleasant sheen. It is used when sewing dresses, skirts, shirts, shirts and other clothes. You can often see curtains, tablecloths, napkins made of eraser.

Another weave of threads, in which the fabrics get a characteristic sheen, is satin. It is the direct opposite of satin: weft threads come out on the front surface, and the main ones are hidden under them.

Satin is the most beautiful and expensive of all cotton materials. Bed linen made from it impresses with its magnificent shiny surface. Mako satin is considered the highest quality, for the production of which only certain varieties of cotton grown in India and Egypt are used.

Oriental overflows of organza and taffeta

Unlike natural fibers, many synthetic fibers are inherently lustrous and shimmery and do not require special craftsmanship to manufacture. Such shining fabrics are used more often not for tailoring (with the exception of evening and stage costumes), but in the production of home textiles.

To give the interior an oriental flavor, curtains made of organza, a gorgeous shiny fabric made from polyester, will help. Sometimes natural silk and viscose are added to the material, which only increases its radiance and iridescent effect.

For the same purpose, manufacturers produce several modifications of organza: crash - with the texture of cracked glass, harvester - with multiple creases and folds or with a special coating.

Interesting to know! Shanzhan organza or, as it is commonly called, “chameleon”, is especially popular among lovers of brilliance. Due to the special interweaving of multi-colored threads, the surface plays with new colors from different angles of view.

Another polyester fabric, taffeta, uses tightly twisted fibers connected by a simple plain weave. This is what gives the material its characteristic radiance.

Taffeta is used for tailoring evening and wedding dresses, carnival and theatrical costumes, beautiful stoles and shawls. Curtains for living rooms, offices or halls, sofa cushions and pillows, tablecloths, bedspreads and various decorative ornaments are often made from this fabric. Many are attracted by the shiny taffeta upholstery on sofas, chairs and armchairs.

Both organza and taffeta bring holiday elements into everyday life. With such fabrics, the rooms look elegant and fabulously rich.

Coated materials: always in the spotlight

The thinnest metallized layer is applied to the fabric in special units under vacuum. Powder particles settle on the surface, firmly connecting with the fibers. The same 100% polyester is used as the basis.

There are materials with a single-color coating or made in the form of fancy drawings and patterns. Glitter can be both saturated and muted, more delicate, but in any case, it always gives the materials a unique charm.

Metallized fabrics are used not only for tailoring beautiful clothes. They are used in the manufacture of curtains and fashionable roller blinds. In this case, the coating plays not only a decorative role, but also serves to reflect the sun's rays, which reduces the temperature in the room and brings comfort.

Interesting to know! Shiny pearl-coated fabric curtains look organic in any interior. In addition to protection from light, they have dirt-repellent and antistatic properties, which are achieved with the help of special impregnations.

Lurex fabrics - temptation and seduction

This is how the word "Lurex" sounds in translation from English, and this is quite true. Elegant dresses, blouses, skirts, underwear, tights and stockings - this is not a complete list of products that, thanks to lurex, look especially attractive and sexy.

By the way, Lurex is not a fabric, but just the thinnest metallized thread, which is pulled from aluminum, copper or nickel foil. It is produced in the USA, Italy, Japan and, of course, in China. Such threads can be mixed with any fibers - cotton, synthetic, silk and even wool. Knitwear made of yarn with metallized threads is very attractive.

Brocade is considered one of the most expensive and rich fabrics with Lurex. Initially, real gold or silver fibers were added to it. Recently, in order to reduce the cost and weight of the canvas, thin foil is used in a polyester sheath, painted in various colors.

Brocade is used for sewing concert outfits, historical costumes for theatrical performances, massive curtains and draperies. Many brides prefer to sew wedding dresses from this expensive and, undoubtedly, the most luxurious material.

Another fabric that is brilliant in every sense and deserves attention is lamé, which means “metal plate” in French. The material is in many ways similar to brocade, but several times thinner and therefore lighter.

The front side of the canvas has a sparkling surface with matte patterns, and the wrong side is its complete opposite. This texture allows fashion designers and designers to embody the most interesting ideas. Lame is used for evening dresses, theatrical and masquerade costumes, curtains, bedspreads and other items. The fabric is very fragile and easily destroyed under the influence of even minor loads.

Interesting to know! Metallized lamé fabric conducts electricity well. Therefore, vests are sewn from it, capable of responding to the slightest touch of a sword, which are worn by fencers.

Lurex thread is often added to jacquard or tapestry fabrics. Curtains, curtains, bedspreads and furniture upholstery made from such canvases have a truly royal look.

Sequin fabrics: beauty requires sacrifice

This is not just a figure of speech familiar to everyone, but the truth, since such canvases are very capricious not only in cutting and tailoring, but also in wearing. The basis in most cases is a light cotton fabric, such as chiffon, or a synthetic mesh.

There are two types of sequins: thin metal or plastic. Methods of attachment to matter are also different. They are sewn on with threads or glued on. Fabrics with sequins planted on glue are quite cheap. But you need to wear such clothes very carefully so that on the first day you don’t lose most of the “beauty”.

With threads, the situation is also not easy. On high-quality (but, of course, more expensive) canvases, the thread with which they are sewn is woven into the material itself, so breaking one or two pieces will not entail any special consequences. In more budget options, the thread is on top, and if it breaks, you can lose a lot of jewelry.

The style should be chosen as simple as possible, with a minimum number of seams. For work, you need to use thin needles that will easily pierce the sequins.

In most cases, it is better to put products on a case so that metal parts do not scratch or irritate the skin. Wash such clothes only by hand, without wringing and twisting. They usually do not need ironing.

Interesting to know! Fabric products with sequins are very difficult to sew on a typewriter. To facilitate the task, experienced craftswomen advise moistening the material with colorless synthetic oil.

Today, sparkling and iridescent canvases are back in trend. But to look really stylish, it is important not to overdo it with shine and shine. Here are some recommendations from leading fashion designers:

Shiny fabrics include many design studios in their collections: Dolche & Gabbana, Alexander McQueen, Gucci, Max Mara and others. Each fashionista can choose the degree of radiance that is suitable only for her.