Presentation on the theme of the new year. Presentation on the theme "New Year's holiday" Presentation of the New Year's holiday in elementary school

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It is difficult to find a person who would not love the New Year. From early childhood, the New Year is the most beloved, homely and warm holiday for each of us. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning.

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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The history of this wonderful holiday has at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower valley of the Nile, at the end of the 4th millennium BC, civilization was first born. It was here, according to scientists, for the first time (in the third millennium) they began to celebrate the New Year.

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During excavations of the ancient Egyptian pyramids, archaeologists found a vessel on which it was written: "The beginning of a new year." In ancient Egypt, the New Year was celebrated during the flood of the Nile River (around the end of September). The flood of the Nile was very important, because. it was only thanks to him that grain grew in the dry desert. On New Year's Eve, the statues of the god Amon, his wife, the sky goddess Mut, and their son, the moon god Khonsu, were placed in a boat. The boat sailed on the Nile for a month, which was accompanied by singing, dancing and fun. Then the statues were brought back to the temple. Amon Khonsu Mut Ancient Egypt

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Ancient Rome For a long time, the Romans celebrated the New Year in early March, until Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar (now called the Julian). Thus, the date of the meeting of the New Year was the first day of January. The month of January was named after the Roman god Janus (two-faced). One face of Janus was allegedly turned back to the previous year, the other forward to the new one. The celebration of the meeting of the new year was called "kalends". During the holiday, people decorated houses and gave each other gifts and coins with the image of two-faced Janus; slaves and their owners ate and rejoiced together. The Romans made gifts to the emperor. At first, this happened voluntarily, but over time, the emperors began to demand gifts for the New Year. Two-faced Janus

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The Celts, the inhabitants of Gaul (the territory of modern France and part of England) celebrated the new year at the end of October. The holiday was called Samhain from "summer" s end "(end of summer). On New Year's Eve, the Celts decorated their homes with mistletoe to exorcise ghosts. They believed that it was on the New Year that the spirits of the dead were alive. New Year of the Celts The Celts inherited many Roman traditions, in including the demand for New Year's gifts from subjects.Typically, jewelry and gold were given.A few centuries later, thanks to this tradition, Queen Elizabeth I amassed a huge collection of embroidered and jeweled gloves.

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New Year in Rus' In Rus', the New Year was celebrated on March 1st. In the XIV century, the Moscow Church Council decided to consider September 1 as the beginning of the New Year according to the Greek calendar. The last time the New Year on September 1 was celebrated in Rus' with royal splendor was in 1698. Dressing everyone with an apple, the king calling everyone a brother, congratulated everyone on the New Year, on new happiness. In 1699, Peter I, returning from a trip to Europe, by a special decree, ordered “from now on to count the summer” from January 1: “Since the New Year is considered differently in Russia, from now on stop fooling people’s heads and count the New Year everywhere from the first January.

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... And as a sign of a good undertaking and fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, wishing well-being in business and prosperity in the family. In honor of the New Year, make decorations from fir trees, amuse children, ride sleds from the mountains. And for adults, drunkenness and massacre should not be committed - other days are enough for that. ”

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This is how the New Year came to us, with Christmas tree decorations, lights, bonfires (which Peter ordered to be arranged at night from January 1 to January 7 by lighting tar barrels), snow creaking in the cold, winter children's fun - sledding, skiing, skating, snowmen, Santa Claus, gifts...

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I must say that the new New Year's customs took root among the Slavs quite quickly, because earlier at that time there was another Christmas holiday. And many old rituals - funny carnivals, tricks of mummers, sleigh rides, midnight fortune-telling and round dances around the Christmas tree - fit well into the New Year's ritual.

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HISTORY OF THE NEW YEAR TREE The Christmas tree, an essential attribute of the winter holidays, also arrived in Russia along with the reforms of Peter the Great. However, the “foreigner” who arrived, although not immediately, took root in Russian land firmly - as if she had always grown here: from the branches that decorated the houses, a luxurious tree grew in a festive dress.

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By the middle of the 19th century, the winter beauty had become familiar to the townspeople, although such an “ancient folk custom” was not yet known in the villages. But this tree was not yet a New Year's tree - it was called Christmas and was decorated with toys, delicacies intended as gifts for guests, and candles, and an eight-pointed Christmas star - silver or gold - crowned its top. In Russian Orthodoxy, a tradition arose to decorate temples with coniferous branches during Christmas time (from the Nativity of Christ to Epiphany), the tree itself became a prototype of the tree of paradise with the fruits of knowledge and the Tree of the Cross, and evergreen needles - a symbol of immortality. However, not everyone remembered the symbolic side, and adults at Christmastime entertainment sometimes behaved worse than children ...

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The prototype of the modern Santa Claus was a very real person. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Mira. He was a very kind person, and after his death Nicholas was declared a saint for his good deeds. But in the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of the Church of St. Nicholas were outraged. The story made so much noise that Nicholas became the object of reverence and worship of Christians from around the world. In the Middle Ages, a custom was established: On Nicholas Day, December 19, to give gifts to children, just as the Saint did. After the introduction of the new calendar, the Saint began to come to the children at Christmas, and only then on the New Year. In England and America, this kind Saint is called Santa Claus (Saint Nicholas). Father Frost

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The ancestor of our native Santa Claus is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, Moroz, Studenets. More often, Frost preferred to have fun, crunching a snowball, tapping on the walls of houses, making travelers shiver from the cold (he especially liked to freeze those who were sitting in a sleigh wrapped in a fur coat, and those who ran on foot or waved an ax were not given to Frost so easily) . Frost appears in the same way in the literature of the 19th century. - Frost the Red Nose by Nekrasov and the old man Frost in Ostrovsky's The Snow Maiden. When the New Year began to be celebrated in Russia, an old grandfather with a beard and felt boots began to appear in the houses. But then Santa Claus was not cheerful and good-natured. He had a bag in one hand and a stick in the other. Of course, he gave gifts, but only to smart and obedient children, the rest got a good blow with a stick. But the years went by, and Santa Claus grew kinder and aged, stopped giving out cuffs, but simply intimidated naughty children with scary tales.

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The traditional costume of Santa Claus also did not appear immediately. At first he was depicted in a raincoat. Santa Claus skillfully cleaned the chimneys through which he threw gifts to the children.

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But at the end of the 19th century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. What is he now? A little rough looking. He wears a long fur coat and a high hat, with a beard, in his hands he has a staff and a bag with gifts. Yes, and "grandfather" is called not just like that, but because he has a granddaughter. Only our Grandfather Frost has a granddaughter Snegurochka and she was born in Russia. The Snow Maiden is a literary character. She appeared in 1873 and at first was called not the granddaughter of Santa Claus, but the daughter. This happened thanks to Alexander Ostrovsky's play "The Snow Maiden", which he created on the basis of a folk tale about a girl fashioned from snow and melted by warm sunlight. Later, writers and poets turned her into a granddaughter. The image of the Snow Maiden is a symbol of frozen waters. This is a girl (not a girl) dressed only in white clothes. No other color in the traditional symbolism is allowed. Her headdress is an eight-pointed crown, embroidered with silver and pearls.

New Year's presentation New Year, Christmas, Old New Year.

Who doesn't love holidays? Especially New Year's! We remember the enchanting moment when the lights go out and Christmas tree lights come on - and the familiar world is transformed into a fairy tale, where miracles are about to happen and we find ourselves in a fairy-tale land of gnomes, wizards, dragons and castles in the air.

But we grow up and ask ourselves the question: why is it possible to celebrate the New Year in Russia ... three times? Name these three New Years: New Year - January 1; Christmas - January 7; Old New Year - January 14th.

The origin of holidaysWhat do you know about the origin of these holidays? When and why did they arise? How are they celebrated in Rus'?

New Year In the old days in Rus', the pagan New Year was celebrated on March 1, and only in the 15th century they gradually switched to celebrating the New Year in accordance with church tradition.

Decree of Peter the GreatBy decree of Peter the Great since 1700, January 1 became the New Year (thereby establishing the European custom of celebrating the New Year).

Decree of Peter the Great: “And as a sign of a good undertaking and a new centenary century, in the joy of each other, congratulate each other on the New Year. Along the noble and passable streets at the gates and houses, learn some decoration from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper, repair shooting from small cannons and rifles, launch rockets, as many as anyone happens to, and light fires. »

Decree of the king The decree of the king ordered to celebrate this event especially solemnly. On New Year's Eve, Peter himself lit the first rocket on Red Square. Fires were lit along the large streets - bonfires and tarred bulls attached to poles. The festivities with the ringing of bells, cannon fire, the sounds of trumpets and timpani continued all night. The houses of the inhabitants of the capital were decorated with needles of trees and branches of spruce and pine. Since that time, the custom has been established annually on January 1 to celebrate the New Year and put a Christmas tree in the house.

Nativity of Christ“The holy night reigns over the world, the daily noise of worries has subsided” Over Russia, an exciting and joyful good news is carried. In all churches they sing: “Thy Nativity, Christ God, rise up and reconcile the light of reason…” On January 7, the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates Christmas.

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Why is the Christmas holiday so revered by Christians? That night a new star lit up in the sky, announcing to the world the coming of the Savior of the human race - Jesus Christ. In Rus', on the eve of Christmas, Christmas trees were decorated in houses - a symbol of eternal renewing life. A star made of paper or wood was hung upstairs. She depicted the gospel star, which showed the Magi the way to the born Jesus.

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B. Pasternak They stood in the shade, as if in the twilight of a barn, Whispered, barely choosing words. Suddenly someone in the darkness, a little to the left From the manger with his hand pushed the sorcerer, And he looked back: from the threshold at the maiden, Like a guest, the star of Christmas looked.

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Celebration of Christmas in Russia In Rus', the people celebrated Christmas solemnly. On the first day after the service, young people, adults and even the elderly went to “praise Christ.” The children learned chants like this: “Hail the Magi, meet the saint, Christmas has come, we begin the celebration! The star goes with us, sings a prayer.

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Christian tradition Christmas was preceded by a long (40-day) fast, during which food was limited. On the day before Christmas, they did not eat anything until the appearance of the first star. In the old days, after its sunrise, the family gathered for prayer in front of the images. Then the elder in the house brought in a handful of straw. She was spread out on the table, covered with a tablecloth. In the evening they ate only vegetables and “kutya” (porridge). The more desirable were the delicacies that the hostesses cooked for the beginning of the festival.

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Christmas delicacies In the north - Russian provinces they made special cookies "kozulki" in the form of animal figures. They were made for children or displayed in windows. In the Nizhny Novgorod province, pastries from figurines were called "carols", in Ryazan - "oats". In Siberia, they sculpted "cheese" - frozen koloboks from cottage cheese. Such delicacies were placed in bags of congratulators. They gave gifts not only to the worshipers, they shared sweets with the poor, the sick.

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Christmas celebrationsParishioners invited friends and relatives to Christmas celebrations. Both old and young glorified the birth of Christ in the streets and crossroads. The children went from house to house with a painted paper Christmas star and a nativity scene, a box in the shape of the cave where Jesus was born. This custom appeared in the 16th - 17th centuries. in Little Russia. Children sang about the birth of the savior of the world, adding their own songs - carols. Adults gave the little Christoslavs money and pies.

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Christmas festivities On the streets, crowds of mummers danced and sang songs of "playful content." They were generously presented with sweets, and in gratitude they wished everyone health and well-being. Children swing on swings and ride boards - a common holiday fun. The people were especially amused by buffoons - songwriters, musicians, dancers and puppeteers.

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After New Year's Eve Usually, on the first day after Christmas night, as soon as the parents woke up, young people came to them with requests, the kids were waiting for New Year's gifts.

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Christmas Days "Christmas time, that is, holy days - 12 days from Christmas to Epiphany. They are also called holy evenings, perhaps in remembrance of the events of the Nativity and the Baptism of the Savior, which happened at night. The church began to sanctify 12 days after the feast of the Nativity of Christ from ancient times ... Meanwhile, the holiness of these days and evenings in many places was violated by fortune-telling and other superstitious customs that survived from the pagan festivities of the same time of the year, ”the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron explains so popularly.

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Christmas time began to be celebrated as early as 3 thousand years BC. ancient Sumerians, Chaldeans and Assyrians. The first 12 days at the beginning of the year were accompanied by noisy carnivals and mysteries. And the nights on the 8th and 11th days were devoted to fortune-telling. The Slavs called such mysteries - carols. The ritual of these days is playful, but once it had a magical character, aimed at making bread grow and cattle multiply, so that there would be prosperity in the house, and happiness in the family. Divination was the privilege of women.

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History of the New Year Krivorotova L.N. 9 "A" class of 2009

Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The New Year has forever entered our life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday has at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia. Here, as well as in the lower valley of the Nile, at the end of the 4th millennium BC, civilization was first born. It was here, according to scientists, for the first time (in the third millennium) they began to celebrate the New Year. Read more >>>

How was the New Year celebrated in the old days? Basically, the celebration of the New Year among the ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and was usually timed to March. March was considered the first month by the ancient Romans, because at this time field work began. In 46 BC. e. Roman emperor Julius Caesar moved the beginning of the year to January 1st. The Romans on this day made sacrifices to Janus and started major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day. Read more >>>

How old is Santa Claus? Imagine that local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus in some countries. In others, medieval itinerant jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or itinerant sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Santa Claus is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, he is Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over the centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history. Read more >>>

When did Rus' first celebrate the New Year on January 1? Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree - to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but the Nativity of the God-man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and it was ordered to make some decoration in front of the gate from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper, and to stand for that decoration of Invar until the 7th of the same year. On the 1st day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when fiery fun begins on Red Square and there will be shooting. Read more >>>

About the celebration of Christmas If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling the children about the origin of the holiday and how it used to be celebrated in Russia. The rite of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At Christmas, it was customary to give sweets or some useful gizmos. Do not forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends where there are small children. This is their holiday. Read more >>>

Celebration in different countries America annually breaks all records for greeting cards and Christmas gifts. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the very heat, so people pour water on each other when they meet. The Bulgarians, having gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called minutes of New Year's kisses. In Italy, on the eve of the New Year, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house. Read more >>>

Happy New Year!

Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The New Year has forever entered our life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday has at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower valley of the Nile, at the end of the 4th millennium BC, civilization was first born. Its famous centers Sumer, Babylon, Assyria arose here, famous for their cultural heritage and the greatest inventions of mankind, which still do not cease to amaze and delight us. It was here, according to scientists, for the first time (in the third millennium) they began to celebrate the New Year. All agricultural work began at the end of March, after the water arrived in the Tigris and Euphrates. For 12 days, processions, carnivals, masquerades marked this event - the onset of the victory of the bright god Marduk over the forces of destruction and death. It was forbidden to work at this time, to punish, to administer courts. The cuneiform writing on one of the clay tablets said that these were days of unbridled freedom, when the entire world order was put upside down. The slave became the master. The very word CARNIVAL, by the way, translated from Babylonian means a ship-sea, and this is probably not accidental, because many rituals of the New Year holiday were associated with the imaginary voyage of the god Marduk along the Euphrates. One day, the mysteries depicted the battle of Marduk against the monster of the goddess of chaos Tiamat (resembling a dragon, a snake, a lizard). Scientists have proven that the Jews who were in Babylonian captivity (during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar) borrowed this story and included it in the Bible. In this myth, the origins of the Christian legend about George defeating the dragon (Does this symbolism remind you of anything? Well, of course, George the Victorious on the coat of arms of Moscow). From the Jews, the tradition of New Year's celebration, borrowed by them, as you know, from the Babylonians, passed to the Greeks, and through them to the peoples of Western Europe.

How was the New Year celebrated in the old days? Some peoples keep track of time according to the lunisolar calendar, and the beginning of the year falls somewhere in autumn, where in winter. But basically, the celebration of the New Year among the ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and was timed, as a rule, to March. March was considered the first month by the ancient Romans, because at this time field work began. The year consisted of ten months, then the number of months was increased by two. In 46 BC. e. Roman emperor Julius Caesar moved the beginning of the year to January 1st. The Julian calendar named after him spread throughout Europe. The Romans on this day made sacrifices to Janus and started major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day. As you already know, the New Year was not always celebrated on January 1st. In France, at first (until 755) they counted from December 25, then from March 1, in the 12th century - from the day of Easter, and from 1564, by decree of King Charles IX, from January 1. In Germany, the same thing happened in the middle of the 16th century, and in England from the 18th century. But how was it with us, in Rus'? In Russia, from the time of the introduction of Christianity, fulfilling the customs of their ancestors, they also began the reckoning either from March or, more rarely, from the day of Holy Pascha. In 1492, Grand Duke John III finally approved the decision of the Moscow Cathedral to consider the first of September as the beginning of both the church and civil years, when it was ordered to pay tribute, duties, various dues, etc. And in order to give great solemnity to this day, the tsar himself appeared in the Kremlin the day before, where everyone, whether a commoner or a noble boyar, could approach him and seek directly from him truth and mercy (by the way, something similar happened in Byzantium during times of Constantine the Great). The last time the New Year in Rus' was celebrated with royal splendor was on September 1, 1698. Dressing everyone with an apple, the king, calling everyone a brother, congratulated everyone on the New Year, on new happiness. Each congratulatory cup of Tsar Peter the Great was accompanied by a shot from 25 guns.

How old is Santa Claus? Imagine that local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus in some countries. In others, medieval itinerant jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or itinerant sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Santa Claus is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, he is Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over the centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history. But among the ancestors of the elder, it turns out, there was a very real person. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Mira. According to legend, he was a very kind person. So, once he saved the three daughters of a distressed family by throwing bundles of gold into the window of their house. After the death of Nicholas, he was declared a saint. In the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by Italian pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of the church of St. Nicholas were outraged. An international scandal erupted. This story made so much noise that Nicholas became the object of veneration and worship of Christians from around the world. In the Middle Ages, the custom was firmly established on Nicholas Day, December 19, to give gifts to children, because the saint himself did this. After the introduction of the new calendar, the saint began to come to the children at Christmas, and then on the New Year. The Santa Claus costume did not appear immediately either. At first he was depicted in a raincoat. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch depicted him as a slender pipe smoker, skillfully cleaning the chimneys through which he threw gifts to children. At the end of the same century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. In 1860, the American artist Thomas Knight adorned Santa Claus with a beard, and soon the Englishman Tenniel created the image of a good-natured fat man. With such Santa Claus, we are all well acquainted.

When did Rus' first celebrate the New Year on January 1? Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree - to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but the Nativity of the God-man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and on December 15, 1699, the drumbeat announced to the people on Red Square (from the mouth of the royal clerk) that, as a sign of a good undertaking and the beginning of a new century, after thanksgiving to God and prayer singing in the church, it was ordered along the large passing streets , and for noble people in front of the gate to make some decoration from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper. And for poor people (i.e., the poor), at least put a tree or branch over the gate. And so that it ripens by the 1st number of 1700 of this year; and to stand for that decoration of Invar (i.e., January) until the 7th day of the same year. On the 1st day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when fiery fun begins on Red Square and there will be shooting. The decree recommended that, if possible, everyone in their yards should shoot three times with small cannons or small guns and fire several rockets. From January 1 to January 7, at night, light fires from firewood, or from brushwood, or from straw. Tsar Peter I was the first to launch a rocket. Wriggling in the air like a fiery snake, she announced the New Year to the people, and after that the celebration began throughout Belokamennaya. As a sign of the national holiday, cannons were fired, and in the evening, in the dark sky, multi-colored fireworks, never seen before, flashed.

Continued Illumination blazed. People had fun, sang, danced, congratulated each other and gave New Year gifts. Peter I steadily made sure that this holiday was no worse and no poorer in our country than in other European countries. He was a resolute man and in one fell swoop resolved all calendar inconveniences. By the beginning of the reign of Peter the Great in Russia was the year 7207 (from the creation of the world), and in Europe 1699 (from the birth of Christ). Russia began to establish ties with Europe, and such a time difference was very disturbing. But that was over. It was from January 1, 1700 that the folk New Year's fun and fun gained their recognition, and the celebration of the New Year began to have a secular (non-church) character. From now on and forever this holiday was enshrined in the Russian calendar. This is how the New Year came to us, with Christmas tree decorations, lights, bonfires (which Peter ordered to be arranged at night from January 1 to January 7 by lighting tar barrels), creaking snow in the cold, winter children's fun - sledges, skis, skates, snowwomen, Santa Claus, gifts ... I must say that the new New Year's customs took root among the Slavs quite quickly, because earlier at that time there was another Christmas holiday. And many old rituals - funny carnivals, tricks of mummers, sleigh rides, midnight divination and round dances around the Christmas tree fit well into the New Year's ritual. And although it was frosty at that time, the cold did not frighten people. As you know, they burned bonfires in the streets, performed dances around them, calling on the sun (which they deified from time immemorial) to warm the earth bound by snow and frost.

About the celebration of Christmas If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling the children about the origin of the holiday and how it used to be celebrated in Russia. The rite of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At the table, after eating, you can arrange reading aloud, which is also very fond of children. To do this, it is good to pick up stories and fairy tales that are called in the literature - Christmas, Christmas. If in the New Year it is customary to congratulate all acquaintances, then on Christmas visits were made only to close relatives and friends. And this once again speaks of the family nature of the holiday. Rules of decency of the end of the 19th century. they were not allowed to avoid these visits, as it was believed that "to maintain good relations" they are simply necessary. And in fact, none of the most beautiful postcards sent from the Mail of Santa Claus himself can replace the joy of personal communication if you and your whole family visit close relatives on this holiday, whom you saw infrequently during the year. At Christmas, it was customary to give sweets or some useful gizmos. And do not forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends where there are small children. This is their holiday. Do not forget about the gifts that, like in the New Year, children can receive from the beautiful Christmas tree. And you can make it a tradition to remove the Christmas tree in the evening of this day. Having received gifts, once again admire her, say goodbye with gratitude for the pleasures and joys brought, and invite her to the house next year. The program of the Christmas holiday can include a walk with children in the winter city or park. A visit to the theater or to a concert will decorate the holiday. It all depends on the traditions of the family, the desires and passions of its members. But the most important thing is that it should be a tradition that children knew about from childhood, felt its warmth and respected it, would like to continue it in their families in the future.

Celebration of the New Year in different countries America annually breaks all records for greeting cards and Christmas gifts. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the very heat, so people pour water on each other when they meet. This is a kind of wish for happiness in the New Year. The Bulgarians, having gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called the minutes of New Year's kisses, the secret of which is kept by darkness. In Vietnam, the New Year is celebrated at night. With the onset of dusk, the Vietnamese build bonfires, on which they cook special delicacies from rice. On New Year's Eve, it is customary to release live carps into rivers and ponds. According to legend, a god swims on the back of a carp, who goes to heaven on New Year's Eve to tell there how people live on Earth. On this night, quarrels are forgotten, insults are forgiven. Residents of Greece, going on a visit to celebrate the New Year, take with them a stone that they throw at the threshold of a hospitable house. If the stone is heavy, they say: "Let the wealth of the owner be heavy, like this stone." And if the stone is small, then they wish: "Let the thorn in the owner's eye be as small as this stone."

Continuation In India, the New Year is celebrated in different ways. The inhabitants of northern India adorn themselves with white, pink, red and purple flowers. In central India, buildings are decorated with colorful, mostly orange flags. In western India, small lights are lit on rooftops. On the eve of the holiday, mothers lay out gifts, sweets, flowers on large trays for their children. On the first morning of the New Year, children are led with their eyes closed to a tray from which they choose a gift for themselves. In Iran, the New Year is celebrated in the spring. In advance, the Iranians plant grains of wheat or barley in a small dish. The grass that sprang up for the New Year symbolizes the beginning of a new life. In Italy, on the eve of the New Year, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house. In China, the New Year is always celebrated during the new moon in late January - early February. Processions of many thousands of lanterns move through the streets. They are lit, lighting the way to the New Year. In order to keep evil spirits out of the New Year, the Chinese seal the windows and doors of houses with paper and scare them away with firecrackers and firecrackers.

Continuation In Cuba, the clock only strikes 11 times on New Year's Day. Since the 12th strike falls on New Year's Eve, the clock is given a rest and calmly celebrate the holiday with everyone. At midnight, Cubans throw water through an open window into the street, wishing the New Year to be as clear and pure as water. In Mongolia, the New Year is celebrated at the Christmas tree, although the Mongolian Santa Claus comes to the kids in a cattle breeder costume. On New Year's holiday, sports competitions, games, tests of dexterity and courage are held. In Panama, New Year's Eve is unusually noisy: trumpets hum, sirens howl and people scream. According to an ancient belief, noise scares away evil spirits. In Romania, it is customary to bake small surprises in New Year's pies - coins, porcelain figurines, rings, hot pepper pods. The ring found in the cake means that the New Year will bring a lot of happiness. And a pod of pepper will cheer everyone around. In France, on New Year's Eve, they bake bean into gingerbread. And the best New Year's gift to a fellow villager is a wheel. In Sweden, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to break dishes at the neighbors' doors.

Continuation In Scotland, on New Year's Eve, they set fire to a barrel of resin and roll this barrel through the streets. The Scots consider it a symbol of the burning of the Old Year. After that, the road to the New Year is open. It is believed that the first person to enter the house after the onset of the New Year brings good luck or bad luck. A dark-haired man with a gift - fortunately. In Wales, going to visit the New Year, you should grab a piece of coal and throw it into the fireplace kindled on New Year's Eve. This testifies to the friendly intentions of the guests who came. Exactly at midnight, it is necessary to open wide the doors to release the Old and let in the New Year. In Japan, New Year's Eve is called "golden week". At this time, many institutions and firms, government organizations, large department stores stop their work. Even banks are open until 12 noon on December 31 and rest on the first three days of the New Year. Mandatory is the custom of seeing off the Old Year, which includes organizing receptions and visiting restaurants. At the time of the New Year, the Japanese begin to laugh. They believe that laughter will bring them good luck in the coming year. On the first New Year's Eve, it is customary to visit the temple. In temples, 108 bells are beaten. With each blow, according to the Japanese, all the bad things go away, which should not be repeated in the New Year. To ward off evil spirits, the Japanese hang bundles of straw in front of the entrance to the house. In houses, rice cakes are placed in a conspicuous place, on top of which tangerines are placed, symbolizing happiness, health and longevity.

4th grade student

Class teacher: Elvira Rimovna Volobueva

Megion KhMAO-Yugra

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The custom of celebrating the New Year originated in Mesopotamia. In Russia, the New Year was officially approved in the 14th century by John Vasilievich the Third, its date was September 1. in 1699, Peter I, by his decree, appointed a new date for the celebration of the New Year - January 1,

A bit of history

The star, which many people place on the top of the Christmas tree, is a symbol of the Star of Bethlehem that shone over the birthplace of Jesus Christ. there is a connection between Christmas and New Year.

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New Year's table

• In Russia: Olivier salad, poultry, meat or fish dishes, New Year's tangerines
• In Romania, these are cabbage rolls in cabbage leaves.
• in Italy - pork sausage with lentils
• in Norway - dried cod
• in China (imagine!) - dumplings