Electrical properties of presentation paper. Presentation on the property and quality of paper. Making paper at home

Outline of the lesson of labor training

During the classes

Paper is one of the most common materials. The origin of paper was due to the appearance of writing - after all, in addition to the invention of the alphabet and grammar, it was necessary to write on something. However, in the form in which we are accustomed, paper did not appear immediately. Perhaps it can be said that the history of the emergence of paper began with the fact that in ancient Egypt, about 3.5 thousand years ago, they began to make papyrus. Until the 5th century, papyrus remained the main material for writing, and only in the 10th century was it almost completely abandoned.

In parallel with the development of papyrus, the development of another material began, which had a great influence on the history of paper. This material was parchment invented in the 2nd century BC in Asia Minor. It got its name because of the place where its production began - the city of Pergamum of the Kingdom of Pergamon.

However, the real beginning of the history of paper is considered to be 105 AD, and China is its homeland. Although this is not entirely true, because the appearance of paper in China happened much earlier.

Nevertheless, it was Cai Lun who generalized and improved the already known methods of paper production and proposed the technological principle of paper production - the formation of sheet material from individual fibers by dehydrating them on a grid from a preliminarily highly diluted fibrous suspension. The origin of paper was largely due to the fact that almost any vegetable raw material and waste was suitable for its production: bast fibers of a mulberry tree and willow, bamboo shoots, straw, grass, moss, algae, all kinds of rags, hemp tow, tow.

At the turn of the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, paper made from vegetable fibers was no longer considered a rare material in China. The next step in the history of the development of paper was its complete displacement from the use of wooden tablets in the 3rd century, which were previously used for writing. The paper was made in the required size, color, thickness and impregnated with special substances for longer storage.

Undoubtedly, the invention of the printing press had a huge impact on the history of paper development. In the XV-XVI centuries, the pace of paper production is growing, and new technologies for its production are being introduced.

Modern technology has changed the world a lot. As television, computers, and the Internet proliferate, the death of books, magazines, and newspapers is regularly predicted (and with it, a great decline in paper production). However, despite the predictions, books, magazines, and newspapers are still alive, which means that the history of paper continues! Moreover, the modern use of paper is so diverse that we can confidently say that this story will not end soon.

The most important indicators of paper are: paper weight, thickness, density, strength, smoothness, porosity, whiteness, opacity, shade, cost, etc.

Types of paper.

For writing and printing (books, magazines, newspapers, notebooks)

Finishing material (wallpaper)

Ornamental material (origami, papier-mâché)

Decorative (outwardly similar to velvet, marble, leather; used for finishing book bindings, designing book and magazine products)

Packaging material (wrappers, bags, boxes)

Cleaning material (toilet paper, tissues)

To make money

Substrate for applying chemical reagents (photo paper, sandpaper).

Physical education minute

IV .PRACTICAL part

In today's lesson, we will explore the types and properties of paper. Our research will take place in two stages.

Stage 1 - study of the properties of paper.

Consider the properties of paper.

Smoothness.

On the example of different sheets of writing, newsprint, wrapping paper, you can see that it is mostly smooth. Smoothness characterizes the state of the surface of the paper and determines its appearance - rough paper, as a rule, is unattractive in appearance. Smoothness is important for writing papers, for printing papers, and also when gluing paper.

paper transparency.

The transparency of paper characterizes the degree of uniformity of its structure. As a result of the experiment, I took two sheets of paper: thick and thin, put it on the picture and saw that the thin paper shows through the picture, but the second does not. The property of thin paper is translucency. It is used in technological production, medicine.

Porosity

Porosity directly affects the absorbency of the paper, that is, its ability to accept printing ink, and may well serve as a characteristic of the structure of the paper. We dripped paint on a sheet of paper, it was absorbed. Paper absorbs ink due to its porosity.

Extensibility

The elongation of paper to break, or its extensibility, characterizes

the ability of paper to stretch. We take a sheet of soft paper (napkins) and try to stretch it, the paper slowly stretches a little. The paper is stretched. This property is especially important for packaging paper, sack paper and cardboard, for the production of stamped products (paper cups)

Softness

The softness of paper is related to its structure, that is, its density and

porosity. We try to roll a piece of paper (crumple) into a ball, the paper lends itself easily. Paper is soft, softness depends on its density.

Wet strength

Wet strength, or wet strength, is another important parameter for most papers. Now we lower the paper into the water and lightly press down, noticeably, the paper gets wet, but it does not lose its shape. The stronger the paper before wetting, the less it loses its shape after wetting.

Combustion

As you know, paper burns well. Burning paper leaves ashes, ash. Paper is highly flammable and burns very well. Ashes, ash, widely used for fertilizer

indoor flowers, on the household plot.

Stage 2 - practical work on the study of the main ways of folding paper.

1. fold the paper away from you

2. fold the paper towards you

3. connect the edges of the sheet

4. press the fold line with your thumb

5. Iron the fold line with a hard object.

Now we will try to work with paper and make a kitten's face.

Kitten muzzle execution scheme

1. Fold over and fold the paper diagonally.

2. Bend the corners down.

3. Bend both bottom corners forward as shown.

4. Turn over.

5. Kitty ready.

Physical education minute

V .Summary of the lesson:

Exhibition of the best works. Analysis of each work

What new did you learn in the lesson?

How to work with plasticine?

What seemed difficult?

What new did you learn about the dishes of the Kazakh people?

Teacher: Nosik Anna Vasilievna

"Educational project" - Relevance of the project. Educational - acquaintance with the history of folk art, directions of folk art. Project result. Practical - collecting information using information and communication technologies and the Internet. "The role of costume and ornament in the traditions and rituals of the peoples of Taimyr".

"Pencil" - Ilya Repin "Portrait of V. Serov". L.B. Krasina Established in 1926 as part of the illiteracy eradication program. Here, a cedar board was made for the production of all pencils in Russia. Rim Wooden Plastic Rimless. Renaissance. “Silver drawings” by Leonardo da Vinci, Dürer, Van Eyck, Botticelli have been preserved.

"Methodological developments" - Collection of programs on technology for grades 1-4 and 5-9 Directions: "Technology. Additional materials (new in 2009). Teaching materials for the course of the subject "Technology". Methodological support for students (notebooks and textbooks) Grade 7 - girls (2006). Introduction "Decorative crochet" "Decorative knitting" Applications Literature.

“Knowledge test” - The student who answered puts 2 points on her card. *Advertising fabric made from chemical fibers. *Crazy hands. Draw with closed eyes scissors and a nightgown. R e b u s. "Work for the head - holiday for the soul." "Seamstress". "Ask the Experienced" Each team will be asked 10 questions. Joke competition. Command presentation.

"Technology Cabinet" - Become good helpers to parents. Where there is work, there is joy! Badamshina Tatyana Ivanovna Corner of peasant life. Manual labor. The best creative projects of students. Cabinet of Technology. Being engaged in the labor office, students learn a lot of new and interesting things. Technology teacher. Learn to make useful products.

"Training of Technology Teachers" - The object of the study is the process of professional education of technology teachers. Preparing technology teachers for activities to develop student creativity. Professional qualities of a technology teacher as a specialist in the development of students' creativity. The subject of the study is the process of preparing future technology teachers for activities to develop students' creativity.

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Slides captions:

The magical properties of paper

Paper can be both thin and thick, be afraid or not be afraid of water. In the latter case, it is called waterproof. It is obvious that different types of paper are originally designed for different purposes and are used in different ways. For example, it does not make any sense to try to paint a picture with paints on waterproof paper, as they will wash off after the first contact with a wet surface. Ordinary paper is not very suitable for making dishes or a model of a boat that is planned to be launched on the water. Any paper should be used in accordance with its properties and purpose. However, first you need to learn as much as possible about the features of different types of paper.

Waterproof paper Such paper contains a much higher amount of binder, ie glue, than other types of paper. It is the glue, which is an indispensable component of any type of paper, that determines the parameters of its resistance to moisture. The less glue, the faster the paper gets wet and falls apart into individual fibers. Waterproof paper is rarely used for appliqué paintings and silhouette cutouts, but it is indispensable for creating blurry landscapes and abstract paintings on wet surfaces.

Writing paper Known as a material for office equipment and has a number of advantages that significantly distinguish it from other types of paper. Firstly, it is not at all capricious, it folds perfectly and holds any shape given to it. Secondly, it is relatively resistant to water and does not immediately soak and disintegrate. Thirdly, its value is determined by the purity of the color and the smoothness of the surface. As a rule, the top layer of writing paper, which is protective, is coated with kaolin. Some types of writing paper are less transparent due to the polymer coating on both sides. This allows the material to remain clean and dust-free for longer. When working on paintings, writing paper is mainly used for sketches.

Newsprint Old newspapers can be used to create various crafts, and not only as a draft, on the margins of which sketches are made. Some artists, in search of new means of expression, turn their eyes to newspapers and, cutting out letters from them, create works of incredible beauty and originality using the application method.

Wrapping, or packaging, paper Despite the gloss, this bright and colorful paper is strong enough and is difficult to tear by hand. Due to the variety of colors and good adhesion, these types of paper are excellent for creating appliqué paintings, while embossed and marbled papers are an excellent background for appliqué work.

Self-adhesive paper This paper is unique in that it does not require an adhesive to be applied to its surface, which means that it eliminates sloppiness in work. Self-adhesive paper is produced in several types: multi-colored, plain and transparent. This makes it possible to use it when working on application paintings of increased complexity.

Wall paper Distinguish between smooth patterned and embossed wallpaper paper. Both are irreplaceable when creating paintings, especially voluminous, made by the application method.

Printing paper Includes music and synthetic paper used for magazines and covers. Such paper usually has a smooth surface, is resistant to moisture and can be dyed in any bright color. The work made of printing paper can always be dried without fear that its surface is deformed.

Tracing paper Without a transparent and translucent tracing paper, when creating some crafts, you simply cannot do, as it helps to transfer the selected pattern to any surface, thereby facilitating the work. As a rule, tracing paper is impregnated with wax or special oil, so its color is rarely white and the fiber structure is clearly visible on the surface. This feature of the paper can be used to create appliqué paintings, the characters of which are insects with translucent wings. Through the wing cut out of such paper, the background will shine through, which will make the work even more interesting and unique.

Cardboard This dense and thick material, made of cellulose with coarse fibers, is indispensable as the basis for many works. In addition, frames for pictures and photos can be made from it. The main thing is to choose the right type of cardboard: single-layer or multi-layer, packaging or printing. In addition, you should always remember that a sheet of cardboard is folded only once, and if the fold is uneven, nothing can be corrected.

Velvet paper A little like cardboard, with the only difference that on one side its surface is covered with small colored villi, which makes the material look like velvet. The use of such paper in applications and silhouette cutouts allows you to create very beautiful and original works.

Sanitary paper This type includes toilet paper, tissue paper and towels. Such paper is often used to create funny greeting cards. However, a drop of imagination - and you will find its use when working on various crafts.

Specialized paper The category of specialized paper includes special cardboard, as well as material for liners and isolation of various surfaces from each other. In everyday life, it is more often found in boxes of sweets. Usually such paper is used to create three-dimensional frames.

Corrugated Paper This thin, colorful paper with interesting embossing is ideal for creating flowers and any other embellishment that needs to be thin, airy and almost weightless.

As you can see, paper can be very different, and therefore it is not possible to list all its types. However, the main thing here, perhaps, is that this is a material for every taste and color, so you can constantly look for something new and experiment. It only takes a little imagination to turn a piece of paper into a real work of art.

1 slide

2 slide

Formation of the student's ability to self-development. Find out what role paper plays in the life of a person (student).

3 slide

Tasks: - to expand knowledge about the world around us; develop creative imagination; develop thinking abilities; stimulate exploration, develop curiosity. Questions: What does paper mean in your life? What actions with paper can be used at school, at home ... If there were no paper ...

4 slide

Tears - Cuts - Bends - Burns - Stands, can these properties be used at school? The subjects at school are so serious that it is useful not to miss the opportunity to make them a little entertaining ... Let's do some entertaining activities with paper.

5 slide

Among the many possible actions with paper, an important place is occupied by the fact that it can be cut. Being engaged in the lessons of manual labor, mathematics, etc. The features of paper as a structural and artistic - decorative material allow students to make products from it for various purposes.

6 slide

A simple piece of paper, But in experienced hands It can turn into Fire - a bird in the clouds. Magic lessons For the hands and for the mind And the perception of the world Wonderful country! Fantasies are subject Paper sheets - For home and as a gift And just for the game. But the main wealth, That creating beauty, A simple sheet will help you Create yourself!

8 slide

90% write, draw, print textbooks; 8% - fold figures (origami); 2% - cut, tear, crush. print books, newspapers; packaging (gifts, products, things) hygienic (napkins, paper towels, toilet paper)

9 slide

Paper has different, often specific properties, determined by the purpose and conditions of use of each type and grade of paper. paper whiteness; density; thickness; aging, etc.

10 slide

The paper industry produces several hundred varieties of paper, differing in names, quality features, applications, and significance in human life. landscape; velvet; newspaper; wrapping; writing; photographic, etc.

"Educational project" - Relevance of the project. Educational - acquaintance with the history of folk art, directions of folk art. Project result. Practical - collecting information using information and communication technologies and the Internet. "The role of costume and ornament in the traditions and rituals of the peoples of Taimyr".

"Pencil" - Ilya Repin "Portrait of V. Serov". L.B. Krasina Established in 1926 as part of the illiteracy eradication program. Here, a cedar board was made for the production of all pencils in Russia. Rim Wooden Plastic Rimless. Renaissance. “Silver drawings” by Leonardo da Vinci, Dürer, Van Eyck, Botticelli have been preserved.

"Methodological developments" - Collection of programs on technology for grades 1-4 and 5-9 Directions: "Technology. Additional materials (new in 2009). Teaching materials for the course of the subject "Technology". Methodological support for students (notebooks and textbooks) Grade 7 - girls (2006). Introduction "Decorative crochet" "Decorative knitting" Applications Literature.

“Knowledge test” - The student who answered puts 2 points on her card. *Advertising fabric made from chemical fibers. *Crazy hands. Draw with closed eyes scissors and a nightgown. R e b u s. "Work for the head - holiday for the soul." "Seamstress". "Ask the Experienced" Each team will be asked 10 questions. Joke competition. Command presentation.

"Technology Cabinet" - Become good helpers to parents. Where there is work, there is joy! Badamshina Tatyana Ivanovna Corner of peasant life. Manual labor. The best creative projects of students. Cabinet of Technology. Being engaged in the labor office, students learn a lot of new and interesting things. Technology teacher. Learn to make useful products.

"Training of Technology Teachers" - The object of the study is the process of professional education of technology teachers. Preparing technology teachers for activities to develop student creativity. Professional qualities of a technology teacher as a specialist in the development of students' creativity. The subject of the study is the process of preparing future technology teachers for activities to develop students' creativity.