Games and activities for children from 0 to 1 year old. Educational games for babies from birth to one year: detailed descriptions for each month. Dance for the little ones

A baby in the house is an immense joy for parents, nights without sleep and a burden of responsibility for the safety and development of the baby. How quickly and actively a child will develop depends, first of all, on the efforts of the parents, who pay a lot of attention and care to him. Educational games and fun activities for children under one year of age (from 1 to 12 months) are an expression of love for the little sun who has settled in the house.

The development of a child up to one year is entirely on the shoulders of the parents, who must devote a lot of time to the baby and select activities suitable for his age and interests.

Up to 3 months

1 month

Communication with the child. Talk to your baby from 0 to 3 months constantly during walks, changing clothes, bathing, and while doing household chores. Use different voice variations. Calm your baby with a quiet voice and attract his attention with a louder one.
The face of a beloved mother. Focusing his gaze on his mother's face, a 1-month-old baby turns his head or looks in the direction in which his mother is moving.
Mom's voice. Call your baby's name often when you are in the room with him. As you move around the room, call him again so that the child can follow your movements with his ears.

The benefits of massage for children 1 month of age cannot be overestimated. Use it as often as developing games - frequent touches throughout the day (while getting dressed outside, bathing in the bath) help develop confidence and calmness in the baby.

2 months

Bell. The baby increasingly likes to lie on his tummy and from this position turn his head in the direction of the sounds being made. Hang a bell on either side of the crib and ring it. The next time the child hears the sound of a bell, he will again turn his head in the direction of the sound.
Soft mittens. Tactile sensations are also very important. Stroke your baby's arms and legs with different types of fabrics (knitted scarf, cotton rag, fur pompom).
Figure swimming. The lesson should be carried out in a large bathtub. Lay your baby on his back, placing your palm under his head. Move your hand in different trajectories (circles, figures of eight). This is a great way for a 2 month old to learn spatial awareness. Water procedures are a great way to relieve hypertension, as well as a wonderful pastime.

Most crib modules are equipped with bells and other sound elements - when the baby hears a sound, he turns his head in its direction and tries to reach the toy

3 months

Fitball exercises. At 3 months of age, the child can already confidently hold his head while lying on his stomach. An excellent workout would be exercises on an inflatable ball. To begin, try gentle rocking from side to side and back and forth. Spatial orientation develops and the vestibular apparatus improves.

Take out the toy. Place the little one on his tummy, and at some distance in front of him, place several bright rattle toys. Shake them to get your baby's attention. Seeing the child’s desire to get one of the toys, support the child’s legs with your palm. Feeling reliable support, the baby will try to push off and crawl a little. Having started this game at 3 months, the toddler will learn to crawl earlier.
A ringing bracelet. Funny bells or bells fixed on a fabric bracelet are also a great way to teach your child spatial orientation. Put these bracelets on your legs or arms. They will ring when the baby moves - so he will notice the dependence of sounds on his movements.

Exercises on a fitball will help the baby develop coordination of movements and have a positive effect on muscle tone

From 4 months to six months

4 months

Changing toys. It is advisable to select objects with different textures for the game. First, give one toy to the baby in his palm. Try to help contrast your thumb with the rest. After feeling one toy, change it to the next one. This activity will prepare your fingers for the development of fine motor skills, and tactile perception is useful for brain development.
Mirror. Toy mirrors can be fixed above the baby's crib at a distance of approximately 25 cm from the face. The baby will probably really enjoy looking at himself in the mirror.

The first revolutions. At 4 months, the baby can already master his first rolls onto his tummy and back. Stimulate this physical activity with bright books with a variety of interesting pictures.

5 months

Balls. With a bell inside it will help develop auditory perception, with soft spikes - for fine motor skills, a rag will help develop grasping skills, and will also be an excellent training for hand coordination. Starting from 6 months, the baby will be able to play with the ball independently, sitting in his mother’s arms or lying on the rug.
"Cuckoo." The favorite game of all children and not only 5 months old. Mom covers her face with her palms, then opens her face and says “peek-a-boo.” You can hide behind a scarf.
Jumping. The child loves to stand on his feet with the support of adults. Accompanying the lesson with funny rhymes, help him squat and jump.

6 months

For a six-month-old baby, try the following fun options:

Okay. A good old game, loved by children and adults.

Ladushki is a game familiar to many generations of children. It helps the baby develop logic, a sense of rhythm and gross motor skills, and entertains the child

Let's explore the world. The time has come for active exploration of the world around us. If possible, remove dangerous objects from your baby’s field of vision so that he can touch and examine everything that gets in his way without fear.
Boxes, buttons. Children aged 6 months really love to open all kinds of boxes, and toys with buttons would also be useful (more details in the article:).

7 to 9 months

7 months

Bags of cereal. Sew small bags and fill them with different cereals. Such tactile aids will help develop fine motor skills and are also so fun to explore (feel, chew, throw).
Drums. Provide your child with a wooden spoon and a few saucepans, bowls and plates. Different knocks will help to catch sound differences, which is useful for the formation of hearing and logic.
Fabric and rustling books. Such unusual books or cubes are useful for developing fine motor skills. First you show your baby the book, then he can look through it on his own.

You can make fabric books yourself or buy them ready-made in a store. They will serve as a simulator for fine motor skills and help explore colors, shapes, textures

8 months

Bottles with cereal and water. Pour water into one plastic bottle, pour peas or buckwheat into another. You can begin sound experiments that will help develop attention and vision.
Plastic dishes, squeakers, cubes. All this can be dropped on the floor - this is how fine motor skills and the need for cognition develop. From 9 months of age, you can make the tasks a little more complicated: throw objects into a basket or bucket.

Third wheel. Provide your baby with two toys (one in each hand). Place another toy on the floor in front of your child. The baby will want to take it and to do this he will have to figure out that one hand needs to be freed.
Musical toys. Such toys are an excellent tool for developing hearing and thinking. The child compares his actions with the result: after pressing a button, music starts or a toy jumps out.

9 months

Games in the bath. The child sits confidently and can play with toys in the bathroom. Invite him to launch the boat or bathe the ducklings.
Cubes and pyramids. Start playing with small pyramids, where there are not very many rings. Such activities develop motor skills and help teach hand coordination. Place the cubes into a tower, and its fall will be announced “Bang!”
Box with holes. Small holes will serve as a “pass” inside. You can push the toys with your fingers, and then you can see where they all hid.
Piggy banks. Bottles and jars with slots will “let in” small objects through pushing (beans, buttons, balls).

In the bathroom you can not only bathe, but also play - a set of toys or rubber duckies will amuse your baby and allow you to combine business with pleasure

From 10 months to a year

10 months

Cars. From the age of 10 months, the child will be interested in rolling the car. Show how it will move if you push it. Inertia cars are a great option for this type of game. Basic movements (rolling back and forth) will be useful for both boys and girls.
Musical instruments. A drum or piano trains auditory perception and coordination of movements. Help your baby play by singing a song or reading a poem.
Designers. Primitive options will be useful for improving motor skills, logic and thinking. A little later it will be possible to use more complex versions of constructors.
Dolls. The main thing is that dolls or toys have large facial features, where you can easily find eyes, nose, and ears. Use dolls to teach your baby body parts. Seeing that the baby cannot cope on his own, help him by moving his finger.

11 months

Gurneys. All kinds of toys on wheels will come in handy on walks. Stable options will be a good help in learning to walk.
Mechanical toys. Caterpillars, cars and other toys will develop logic and motor skills. Let the baby try to wind the toy himself.
Let's get closer to sports. Buy a rocking horse or a pushing machine that you can ride by pushing off with your legs. Such toys are an excellent option for developing coordination and mastering running. Conduct classes only under adult supervision.

A rolling toy will help a baby up to one year old master one of the most important skills - independent walking without the help of mom and dad.

12 months

Games with clothespins, cubes and balls, drawing and modeling - let the baby try everything. Exercises for children under 1 year of age should be varied and affect the maximum number of receptors and muscles.
Shoes. It's time to practice putting on your own shoes. Initially, help him in this matter and always encourage him and praise him for his success. Motor skills improve, perseverance, patience and independence develop.
Photo album. The baby will be interested in finding familiar faces in photographs, this will help improve memory. Be there to ensure the safety of your valuables.

Conclusion

The educational games presented in the article do not have to be used strictly by month. The main thing is that the child finds it interesting to study. Play music for your child more often, and don’t forget about massage - this is a beneficial load for the whole body.

To make your activities with children under one year even more varied and interesting, watch a number of video lessons with excellent exercises for infants. Play with your children more often and you will learn to enjoy the process a lot.

1.Look - what do I see?
Kids love to look at new faces, toys, objects, etc. We need to take a few bright toys. Move them from side to side, attracting the baby's attention. In addition, children at this age love to look at their hands and discover that they can control them. Help the baby. Take the baby's hands in yours and clap them in front of his face. Let's sing a saying:
Okay, okay,
Let's clap our hands.
Pat mommy... (say your name) on the cheek.
Let's clap our hands.
2.Who is this baby?
Sit with your baby on your lap in front of a mirror. Look in the mirror and ask, “Who is this baby?” Wave your child's hand and say, “Hi, baby!” Ask: “Where are the baby’s legs?” Wave your baby's legs and say, "Hello, legs." Continue asking questions and moving different parts of your child's body. Shake your head, wave your arms, clap your hands, etc. Such short statements speed up the speech process.
3. Clap, clap, clap.
Try playing this tapping game with your baby. Using your index and middle fingers, gently pat your baby on different parts of his body, naming each one each time. Sing the saying:
Clap, clap, clap
On the baby's cheek.
Clap, clap, clap
On the baby's cheek (Take his hand and touch his cheek with it.)
Repeat this little poem while touching different parts of your baby's body. You can touch your face with your child’s hand, naming what you touch. Tactile sensations allow children to get acquainted with the world around them.
4.Let's see.
Children are incredibly happy if moving objects enter their field of vision. The kids watch in fascination as the drum of the washing machine spins. You can go outside, sit on a bench and watch everything that happens around you. The child will love this activity. He will enthusiastically and joyfully watch birds, dogs, cats, cars, passers-by, etc. Tell your baby the names of the objects he is looking at. You can place the crib near the window so that the baby can see birds, trees, etc. The baby, sitting in your arms and watching the world around, receives positive emotions. So he feels confident, calm, safe.
5. Snub nose.
Take the child in your arms and say: “Nose, nose, snub nose.” On the word “snub-nosed,” rub your nose against the baby’s nose. Continue this and GRU, and each time you say “snub noses”, rub your noses. Such gentle touches will make the baby feel safe, and this develops self-confidence.
6.Where is my baby?
This game will strengthen your baby's back and neck. Lie on your back with your baby on your stomach. Grasping the child tightly under the arms, carefully lift him up so that your face is opposite his face. Say a saying:
Where is my baby?
That's where he is. (Lift it up)
Where is my baby? (put the baby down on his stomach)
That's where it is (Pick it up again)
Where is my baby? (Put the baby down on his stomach)
High, high, high. (Lift your baby high)
This is how strength and a sense of balance develop.
7.High, high up.
In the game you can strengthen your child’s muscles and develop coordination of movements. Place your baby on his back. Raise one leg while repeating: “High, high, high up. One, two down. Lower your leg. Repeat the exercise with the second leg. There is no need to force your child to make movements if he doesn’t want to!
8.Exercises for legs.
It is necessary to place the baby on his back on a hard surface. Holding him by the ankles, bend and straighten his legs, chanting the song:
One two Three,
Bend your knees.
One two Three,
Bend your knees.
This exercise will strengthen the muscles and prepare the child for walking. There is no need to force your child to do exercises if he resists.
9.Up the escalator.<
Grasp the baby's fingers and carefully lift the baby's arms up, saying:
An escalator takes us up,
Up, up, up.
An escalator takes us down.
Down, down, down.
Then raise your legs while chanting the rhyme. Raise your child's legs and arms while humming the song. Try to finish the exercises by lifting your baby up and then down. Be sure to hug and kiss your child.
10. Let's talk together.
At this age, children babble. Imitate baby sounds. Make sentences from your baby's babbling words. If you pay attention to certain sounds of the child, such as “ma-ma” or “pa-pa,” the baby will begin to pronounce them more often. Repeating the baby's babbling is encouraging his speech activity.
11.Audio recordings.
Record your baby's babbling on tape. Play it and watch his reaction. Does the baby care about these sounds? Does he begin to respond to the tape recorder? If your child likes these types of recordings, try playing him other sounds. For example, sounds of nature. This will provide excellent language capabilities in the future.
12. Communication through conversation.
Talk to your baby, starting with short sentences like “What a wonderful day today.” When the baby reacts with some kind of babble, stop talking and look into his eyes, answer him with a smile and nod. The baby will understand that he is understood and listened to. Continue speaking and pause. This way the child will understand that it’s his turn to babble and you like it. This is how the child’s speech develops.
13. Read lips.
At three months, a child makes a huge number of sounds. By responding to his babble, you encourage him to make new sounds. Repeating after him what he says, put his finger to your lips. Let him feel their movement and the air coming out of his mouth while talking. Place your fingers on his lips and encourage your baby to make more sounds.
14.Ba-ba-ba
Sing any song, replacing all the words with one syllable. For these purposes, choose the syllable most often used by your child. For example, "ma" or "ba". Sing songs using only these syllables, sometimes adding a few words. You can sing any songs you like this way. The more you repeat the sounds your baby makes, the more new sounds he will make.
15.Let's kick.
Kids love to kick. In addition, this activity helps develop motor skills. You can tie colored ribbons to your child's ankles to keep the child interested. You can buy special children's shoes with bright toys and rattles.
16.Olympic coup.
Games that allow babies to roll from their stomach to their back help develop the chest and arm muscles. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage the child to roll over. Place your baby on his stomach on a soft carpet. Bring a favorite toy, such as a teddy bear, to his face. Draw your child's attention to the toy with a rhyme or song. When you get the child's attention, move the toy to the side so that the baby follows it with his eyes and turns his whole body towards it. Do this several times so that the baby turns around for the toy. Constant exercise of the back and abdominal muscles strengthens them and makes them elastic.
17. Let's dance.
Hold your child tightly in your arms and do a few dance moves. Try dancing to your favorite song or rhyme.
18. Two cheerful geese lived with grandma.
Children love music and rhythm. While in the mother's womb, the child feels the beating of the heart and the movement of blood throughout the body. Take two wooden spoons and, tapping them together, hum a song about two geese. Tap the spoons softly, increasing the volume when you say the word “two.” Soon the child will be waiting for this big word. Help your baby hold the spoons. Sing the same song when he holds the spoons in his hands.
Lived with grandma
Two cheerful geese,
One is gray, the other is white,
Two cheerful geese.
! Music and singing help connect nerve connections in the brain.
19.One, two - one, two.
Hold your child tightly and move around the room with him, singing your favorite songs and poems. The child will feel your joy and good mood, and he will be pleased. Try to take a military step. Walking around the room, counting “one, two - one, two.” You can sway, turn in a circle, walk on tiptoe, or take long, sweeping steps.
20.Let's swing.
Rocking on your knees gives children a lot of pleasure. In addition, this is how babies learn to maintain balance. You can rock your baby while sitting or lying on your lap on his stomach or back. Always hold your child tightly!!! You can chant this rhyme:
We went to the market
We bought a couple of pigs
Boots, dresses, fur coats -
That's all the shopping.
21.Tu - tuu!
When reciting the proposed rhyme, move your fingers first up the child’s hand, and then down:
The train is coming - chug-chug-chug,
Knocking wheels.
The train is coming - tu-tuuu,
And now back.
Repeat with the second handle too. Pronounce “chuh-chuh” and “tu-tuuu” expressively. Expressive language helps children respond emotionally. This activates the brain and promotes memory development.
22. Rocking.
The process of rocking and swinging is very popular with young children. If you sing songs or read poetry while rocking, your child will form important connections in the brain and also develop a sense of rhythm. Place your baby on your lap and rock back and forth. At the same time, read your favorite poem.
23.Bending and twisting.
In their crib, little children constantly toss and turn and squirm. These movements prepare them to crawl. Place your baby on his stomach on the floor and watch him. Place your child's favorite toy in front of him so that he cannot reach it. Roll the toy back and forth. The baby will try to reach the toy and will move. Give him the opportunity to reach the toy and praise him. This exercise develops self-confidence in the child.
24. Nudge your baby.
Place the baby on his stomach. Stand behind him and place your palms on his feet. Feeling your hands, he will try to move forward, pushing off from your palms. This is a preparatory exercise before crawling. You can gently push the baby.
25.Change hands.
During this period, the child begins to transfer objects from one hand to another. You can help strengthen neural connections by helping your baby move objects. This game develops simple motor skills and coordination. Place a rattle in your child's hand. Shake the handle with the toy inside. Show him how to transfer an object to another handle. To do this, place the free handle on the rattle, and the child will automatically grab onto it. Open the fingers of the other hand and kiss it.
26.Wonderful light.
If desired, the flashlight can be covered with colored film or thin cloth. Take the child in your arms and light a flashlight. Slowly move it from side to side and watch how the child follows the flashlight with his eyes. Say a rhyme or sing a song. You can sing and tell your child what the flashlight does. This gives children pleasure and develops them.
27.Where did the toy go?
Hold his favorite toy in front of your child's eyes. Then hide it. Encourage your baby to search with questions like: “Is she upstairs?” Look up. "Is she downstairs?" - look down. Then ask: “maybe it’s in my hands? And the truth is in your hands!” As soon as your baby grows up, he will begin to look for a toy that has disappeared from his field of vision. When he begins to pay attention to where you hid the toy, he will follow your movements when you remove your hand.

The first toys are rattles, this is true. Their choice is huge, but you shouldn’t chase quantity, it’s better to take care of variety. Let each rattle of your baby have its own “individuality”: shape, color, “voice”.

Already in the first weeks, you can try to attract the baby’s attention to a new fun. Bring the rattle at a distance of 30 cm from the baby's eyes, try to get the baby to focus his attention on it, and then smoothly move the toy from side to side. Does your baby follow a new object with his eyes? Amazing! A little later, you can attract the baby’s attention with the sound of a rattle, let him turn his head and find it with his eyes.

In the 2nd life, put a rattle in the baby's hand and let him explore it. And at a later age, a rattle (as well as another bright toy) can be an excellent incentive to encourage the child to roll over, crawl, stand on his feet, and take his first steps. You just need to place it so that the baby makes an effort to reach the bright thing.

Mobile

Many parents call the mobile a real lifesaver, and this is no coincidence: while fascinated by listening to a gentle melody, carefully watching the circling figures in the carousel, the baby will not cry, even if you leave the room for a minute.

But, of course, the main function of a mobile is to develop and entertain a child. First, the baby develops his vision and hearing by following the movements of toys to the music, and later the mobile can turn into a real simulator, when the child begins to try to grab the suspended figures with his hands and reach them with his foot. Of course, parents should make sure that both the mobile itself and its parts are securely fastened.

Developmental mat

This is a real “testing ground” for the development of a little researcher. There is a wealth of colors for training your eyesight, a variety of textures for developing tactile sensitivity, and many interesting gizmos with securely fastened parts that are so interesting to touch with your fingers (at the same time developing fine motor skills). You can also make it all make noise, rustle, rattle, squeak, and even try it on your teeth!

But, of course, a child should not be left alone, even with such a wonderful toy. It will be much more interesting if mom or dad show him all the possibilities of the educational mat. Your baby will definitely want to repeat this himself!

Care items

Yes, don't be surprised. Things that are practical in caring for your baby, such as

bottles

detractors

bath thermometers

sponges and washcloths for bathing

Yes, all this may well serve as toys: the manufacturers took care of this, showing imagination and deep knowledge of the psychology of the baby. Now everyday procedures will bring your child not only benefits, but also a lot of pleasure!

What's better not to play yet?

Toys intended for older children. Believe me, your baby will still have time to enjoy all the delights of transforming robots, castles for princesses and many other games and toys - just let him grow up a little first. Now such objects are not very interesting for him, and sometimes even dangerous: no one expected that children would play with them, so these toys may consist of small and not very securely fastened parts.

Stuffed Toys. Cute furry animals will also wait their turn. They will become friends with your baby when he outgrows the habit of learning new things using his tongue. No matter how soft and clean their “fur” may be, there will be little benefit if

EXERCISES TO DEVELOP A CHILD'S ABILITY TO HOLD THE HEAD

In the motor development of a child in the first year of life, the timely formation of the ability to hold his head is of utmost importance. If a child does not hold his head up by two or three months, then a whole chain of unfavorable factors is formed: the development of visual perception and the vestibular apparatus is disrupted, and the ability to distribute the tone of the muscles that ensure the act of sitting is not developed. As a result, the entire pattern of motor development, which is closely connected with intellectual development, is distorted.

Therefore, exercises are offered that are specifically aimed at developing this ability of the child.

2. The child is lying on his stomach. Place one hand under his chin and the other under his stomach and gently pull the child forward. The child will make crawling movements.

3. Place the baby in an upright position. Hold him by the hips in a sitting position, balancing so as not to upset his balance. The child will try to keep his head and torso upright.

4. Position of the child lying on his back. Take the child by the hands and pull him slightly towards you. He will try to pull himself forward with his hands.

5. Wrap your arms around your baby's belly and hold him face down. The child will raise his head.

6. You also hold the child in weight, but in an inclined-lateral position, grasping either the right or left side. He will raise his head and straighten his legs.

7. Place the child on a support in an upright position. In response, he will straighten his legs, torso, and raise his head. If you slightly pull him forward, he will make a stepping motion.

Repeat each of these exercises for 3-4 minutes, wait patiently for a response, and do not try to help the child perform the necessary movements.

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SENSORMOTOR SPHERE OF A CHILD IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

The development of the sensorimotor sphere in the first year of a child’s life is the main condition for the development of perception of the surrounding world.

The main task of sensorimotor development is to help the child increase motor activity, accumulate ideas about color, shape, size of objects, etc.

You can work with your child only when he is in a calm state, when he is full and nothing bothers him.

EXERCISE ON VISUAL AND AUDITORY PERCEPTION (FOR A CHILD OVER 7-10 DAYS)

Place a bright toy (ball, rattle, ring) at arm's length in the child's field of vision at a distance of 60-70 cm above his face and wait until the baby's gaze lingers on the toy. After this, begin to swing it to the right, then to the left with an amplitude of 5-7 cm and a vibration frequency of approximately two times per second. Subsequently, move the toy in different directions (right, left, up, down), bringing it closer to the baby at a distance of 20-30 cm and moving it away at arm's length about 1.5 m from the child. The lesson lasts 1-2 minutes, repeated twice in a row, carried out 1-2 times a day. A lesson is also conducted with a toy that makes a quiet, soft sound.

EXERCISE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUDITORY ACTIVITY (FOR A CHILD AGED 25 DAYS AND OLDER)

For this exercise you need a small bell 5-7 cm high. The child lies on his back. You hold the bell at arm's length (the child should not see you) and ring it quietly. Make 2-3 oscillatory movements and let the sound die down. The child listens to the sound. Ring the bell again. Before calling, let the sound fade out. Hold the bell above the baby's chest at a distance of 60-70 cm.

Then tie the bell to the fishing line and move it to the right, muffling the sound. Having moved the bell to a distance of 80-100 cm from the center, ring it lightly, causing the child to search for eye movements and turn his head in different directions. Move the bell to the left in the same way.

Classes are held 2-3 times a day for 3-4 days. Then it is better to take a break for a week, and in the future you can conduct classes during the second and third months of life 1-2 times a week.

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD’S AUDIOUS AND MOTOR ACTIVITY (FOR A CHILD OVER 1 MONTH)

Hang the rattle-garland at a distance of 60-70 cm. Using ribbons, attach another rattle-garland to it at a distance of 7-10 cm from the child lying on his back. Draw the child's attention to the toys by gently rocking them. Catching the rattle's gaze, the child opens his eyes wide, becomes quiet for a few seconds, and then joyfully throws his hands up, accidentally touching the low-hanging rattle. The top rattle begins to sway, and the baby freezes again, looking at it.

Then a new surge of motor activity occurs, and the baby again pushes his hands onto the lower rattle, setting the upper one in motion. A child can play this game for 5 minutes. After 2-3 days, swap the rattles. Do this exercise for one to two weeks.

EXERCISES TO DEVELOP VISUAL CONCENTRATION (FOR A CHILD FROM 1 MONTH AND OLDER)

Talk kindly to your child as often as possible, trying in every possible way to attract his attention to you and evoke a reciprocal smile. The father holds the baby in his arms in an upright position so that the baby is looking over his shoulder. The mother, speaking affectionately to the child, brings her face closer to him, trying to get into his field of vision. (The distance from which a child can see an adult’s face is 80-100 cm; at a closer distance, it is difficult for the baby to look at the face.) The child joyfully examines the adult’s face, smiles, and coos.

This activity can be done 2-3 times a day.

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD'S SENSORMOTOR AND SPEECH SPHERE

At 2-3 months, encourage your child to fix his gaze on moving and stationary objects, encourage him to concentrate on an object for a longer period of time.

Take a bright ball in your hand, when the child catches his eye, move the ball from left to right, up and down. At the same time, ask the baby: “Where is the ball? Look, there he is!”

Give the child the opportunity to make as many palpating movements as possible with his hands. At the same time, the child must see the object that he is feeling. To do this, place an object in the child's hand and draw his visual attention to this object. The shape, size, texture of such objects should be varied, but convenient for gripping.

Pronounce the sounds that you heard earlier from the baby: “abu”, “agu”, “bubu”, “a-a-a”, “o-o”, “ga-ga”, etc.

Encourage your child's every desire to move. Place a soft, beautiful toy at the child's side so that it attracts his attention, and help the child reaching for it to carefully roll over from his back to his stomach.

To teach crawling, place the toy at such a distance from the child that he cannot grab it. Help your baby get closer to her by placing his palm on the soles of his feet so that he can rest and push off.

Play hide and seek with your child. Place a scarf over your head. Ask: “Where is mom? Where did mom hide? Find mom.” Help your child, if he doesn’t succeed, open up yourself and be sure to praise. Now throw the scarf over the child, as if he was hiding himself. “Where is Anyutochka? Anyutka is gone. Where did she run away to? – Take off the scarf: “Ah-ah, that’s where Anyutka is!” Continue playing with your child as long as he finds it interesting, coming up with different versions of this game.

Place the child on your lap and, leafing through a book with colorful images of animals, show and ask the child: “This is a pussy - meow, meow. Show me where the kitty is? This is a dog - aw-aw. Show me where the dog is?” etc. Offer your child different books, look at pictures together, talk to him.

From the second half of the year, when giving your child various toys, call them at the same time (“Lala”, “bi-bi”, “Misha”).

Try to stimulate the child’s object and play activities as often as possible (tapping an object against an object, putting cubes out of a box, throwing an object, removing rings from a pyramid, transferring from one hand to another, etc.).

Form an initial situational understanding of speech addressed to the child and compliance with individual verbal instructions: “kiss mommy,” “give me a hand,” “say goodbye,” “show how big you are.” How, for example, can you develop fulfillment of the request “give me a pen”? You extend your hand to the child and ask “give me a pen,” at the same time you take the child’s hand and put it in yours, gently stroking it and shaking it. Then you release the child’s hand, extend yours again and ask “give me a pen,” slightly guiding the movement of the child’s hand. And so on several times in a row until the child himself reaches out his hand to this instruction.

If you see that the baby is already trying to get to his feet, holding on to the crib, hold a bright toy at such a distance that he can grab it only when he gets up.

Your child is already standing freely, holding the support with his hands. Encourage him to walk. To do this, lure him with gestures, toys or objects that especially attract him.

Give your child colorful cubes (no more than 6 pieces). Show how you can place one cube on top of another and build a tower. Help your child, control his hands and gradually complicate the games, for example, you say: “First give me the red cube, no, this is the yellow one, and the red one is this one. Now green. Where is the green one? etc. Play with cubes of different sizes.

While bathing your child, play with him, for example, the following game: “Come on, Yulechka, let’s wash the doll’s face. Where are her eyes? Where is her nose? Show me. Now let's wash her hands. Where are the doll's hands? Show me”, etc.

Play “Teremok” with your child. To do this, you need to make a house out of cardboard and 3-4 toys: a cockerel, a bunny, a dog, a cat. “Look who lives in the little house? Who, who lives in a low place? Come on, come out, who lives there? Ku-ka-re-ku! Who is this? The cockerel is a golden comb. Here, pet him. Well, go back to the house, cockerel. Who, who else lives in the little house? Who is this little gray guy? This is a bunny. The bunny galloped off to his house again. Who else lives there? Av-av. I'm a dog. Av-av. What a good dog. Look, she ran away and hid. But look, who’s meowing there? Meow meow. Who is this? This is a kitty. Pet the pussy. The kitty ran away. Everyone hid in the house. Let's call them. Lure them with your hands. Everyone came running. Cockerel, bunny, dog, kitty.” When the child remembers the names of all the animals, replace them with others.

EXERCISES TO DEVELOP PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS

For a child from 1.5 months old, massage is a good exercise for the development of psychomotor skills. The massage must be done with warm hands lubricated with baby cream. With light stroking movements, you massage the child's arms from hand to shoulder, then the torso, chest from the middle to the sides, stomach, back from the neck to the buttocks. Next, lightly pinch the buttocks with your fingers, stroking the legs, starting from the foot. Rub your child's feet from toes to heel and back. It is good to do this massage daily, before bathing your baby. The duration of the exercises is 5-6 minutes.

From four months, do special gymnastics with your child.

FOLK GAMES AND Rhymes FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PSYCHOEMOTIONAL SPHERE OF A CHILD OF 1 YEAR OF LIFE

Under the influence of various games and nursery rhymes, the baby learns to receive unconscious pleasure from a special rhythmic intonation that distinguishes nursery rhymes from ordinary speech.

Until the child is one and a half years old, the content is not particularly important. The action itself is important. Such young children appreciate different sounds, phrases and rhythmic structures more.

Nursery rhymes have a complex developmental impact on the psycho-emotional, speech, and intellectual spheres of a small child. Let's give some examples.

“The horned goat is coming.”

Bend over the child, smile, catch his gaze and say:

The horned goat is coming,

There's a butted goat coming,

Legs top top,

With your eyes clap-clap:

“Who doesn’t eat porridge,

Doesn't drink milk

I’ll gore him, I’ll gore him, I’ll gore him.”

“Butt” the child with your fingers, stir him up. Play this game more often and you will see that at first the child will smile, listening to your voice, then he will make joyful sounds and move his arms and legs animatedly. Such a response indicates the development of positive emotions, visual and auditory perception.

“Okay, okay.”

Take the child in your arms and, clapping him with your palms, say:

Okay, okay!

Where were you? - By Grandma.

What did you eat? - Porridge.

What did you drink? - Brazhka.

We ate porridge,

We drank some beer -

Shu-u-u... Let's fly!

They sat on the head.

At the last words, raise the child’s hands to his head. Play this game every chance you get. First, you do all the movements for the child, and then he himself will be able to clap his hands and raise his arms to his head. Attention, memory, conceptual thinking, and emotions develop.

The game “White-sided Magpie” develops fine motor skills of the fingers well, is an excellent stimulus for speech development, and gives the baby joyful physical contact with his mother. Be sure to do this exercise on your right and left hands. Finger massage is very useful.

: website "Defectologist"

EXERCISES TO DEVELOP A CHILD'S ABILITY TO HOLD THE HEAD

Therefore, exercises are offered that are specifically aimed at developing this ability of the child.

1. The child is lying on his stomach. Place your hand on your child's chin and touch the soles of your feet with your other hand. In response, the child begins to push off with his feet and move forward.
2. The child is lying on his stomach. Place one hand under his chin and the other under his stomach and gently pull the child forward. The child will make crawling movements.
3. Place the baby in an upright position. Hold him by the hips in a sitting position, balancing so as not to upset his balance. The child will try to keep his head and torso upright.
4. Position of the child lying on his back. Take the child by the hands and pull him slightly towards you. He will try to pull himself forward with his hands.
5. Wrap your arms around your baby's belly and hold him face down. The child will raise his head.
6. You also hold the child in weight, but in an inclined-lateral position, grasping either the right or left side. He will raise his head and straighten his legs.
7. Place the child on a support in an upright position. In response, he will straighten his legs, torso, and raise his head. If you slightly pull him forward, he will make a stepping motion.

Repeat each of these exercises for 3-4 minutes, wait patiently for a response, and do not try to help the child perform the necessary movements.

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SENSORMOTOR SPHERE OF A CHILD IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

The development of the sensorimotor sphere in the first year of a child’s life is the main condition for the development of perception of the surrounding world.
The main task of sensorimotor development is to help the child increase motor activity, accumulate ideas about color, shape, size of objects, etc.

You can work with your child only when he is in a calm state, when he is full and nothing bothers him.

EXERCISE ON VISUAL AND AUDITORY PERCEPTION (FOR A CHILD OVER 7-10 DAYS)

Classes are held 2-3 times a day for 3-4 days. Then it is better to take a break for a week, and in the future you can conduct classes during the second and third months of life 1-2 times a week.
EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD’S AUDIOUS AND MOTOR ACTIVITY (FOR A CHILD OVER 1 MONTH)

Hang the rattle-garland at a distance of 60-70 cm. Using ribbons, attach another rattle-garland to it at a distance of 7-10 cm from the child lying on his back. Draw the child's attention to the toys by gently rocking them. Catching the rattle's gaze, the child opens his eyes wide, becomes quiet for a few seconds, and then joyfully throws his hands up, accidentally touching the low-hanging rattle. The top rattle begins to sway, and the baby freezes again, looking at it.

EXERCISES TO DEVELOP VISUAL CONCENTRATION (FOR A CHILD FROM 1 MONTH AND OLDER)

This activity can be done 2-3 times a day.

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD'S SENSORMOTOR AND SPEECH SPHERE

At 2-3 months, encourage your child to fix his gaze on moving and stationary objects, encourage him to concentrate on an object for a longer period of time.

Take a bright ball in your hand, when the child catches his eye, move the ball from left to right, up and down. At the same time, ask the baby: “Where is the ball? Look, there he is!”

During this period, make extensive use of toys that make various sounds. By moving sounding toys, attract your baby's attention. Ring the toy left, right, top and bottom. Ask: “Where is it ringing? Ding Ding! Where now?"
Give the child the opportunity to make as many palpating movements as possible with his hands. At the same time, the child must see the object that he is feeling. To do this, place an object in the child's hand and draw his visual attention to this object. The shape, size, texture of such objects should be varied, but convenient for gripping.

Pronounce the sounds that you heard earlier from the baby: “abu”, “agu”, “bubu”, “a-a-a”, “o-o”, “ga-ga”, etc.
Encourage your child's every desire to move. Place a soft, beautiful toy at the child's side so that it attracts his attention, and help the child reaching for it to carefully roll over from his back to his stomach.
To teach crawling, place the toy at such a distance from the child that he cannot grab it. Help your baby get closer to her by placing his palm on the soles of his feet so that he can rest and push off.
Play hide and seek with your child. Place a scarf over your head. Ask: “Where is mom? Where did mom hide? Find mom.” Help your child, if he doesn’t succeed, open up yourself and be sure to praise. Now throw the scarf over the child, as if he was hiding himself. “Where is Anyutochka? Anyutka is gone. Where did she run away to? - Take off the scarf: “Ah-ah, that’s where Anyutka is!” Continue playing with your child as long as he finds it interesting, coming up with different versions of this game.
Place the child on your lap and, leafing through a book with colorful images of animals, show and ask the child: “This is a pussy - meow, meow. Show me where the kitty is? This is a dog - aw-aw. Show me where the dog is?” etc. Offer your child different books, look at pictures together, talk to him.
From the second half of the year, when giving your child various toys, call them at the same time (“Lala”, “bi-bi”, “Misha”).
Try to stimulate the child’s object and play activities as often as possible (tapping an object against an object, putting cubes out of a box, throwing an object, removing rings from a pyramid, transferring from one hand to another, etc.).
Form an initial situational understanding of speech addressed to the child and compliance with individual verbal instructions: “kiss mommy,” “give me a hand,” “say goodbye,” “show how big you are.” How, for example, can you develop fulfillment of the request “give me a pen”? You extend your hand to the child and ask “give me a pen,” at the same time you take the child’s hand and put it in yours, gently stroking it and shaking it. Then you release the child’s hand, extend yours again and ask “give me a pen,” slightly guiding the movement of the child’s hand. And so on several times in a row until the child himself reaches out his hand to this instruction.
If you see that the baby is already trying to get to his feet, holding on to the crib, hold a bright toy at such a distance that he can grab it only when he gets up.
Your child is already standing freely, holding the support with his hands. Encourage him to walk. To do this, lure him with gestures, toys or objects that especially attract him.
Give your child colorful cubes (no more than 6 pieces). Show how you can place one cube on top of another and build a tower. Help your child, control his hands and gradually complicate the games, for example, you say: “First give me the red cube, no, this is the yellow one, and the red one is this one. Now green. Where is the green one? etc. Play with cubes of different sizes.
While bathing your child, play with him, for example, the following game: “Come on, Yulechka, let’s wash the doll’s face. Where are her eyes? Where is her nose? Show me. Now let's wash her hands. Where are the doll's hands? Show me”, etc.
Play “Teremok” with your child. To do this, you need to make a house out of cardboard and 3-4 toys: a cockerel, a bunny, a dog, a cat. “Look who lives in the little house? Who, who lives in a low place? Come on, come out, who lives there? Ku-ka-re-ku! Who is this? The cockerel is a golden comb. Here, pet him. Well, go back to the house, cockerel. Who, who else lives in the little house? Who is this little gray guy? This is a bunny. The bunny galloped off to his house again. Who else lives there? Av-av. I'm a dog. Av-av. What a good dog. Look, she ran away and hid. But look, who’s meowing there? Meow meow. Who is this? This is a kitty. Pet the pussy. The kitty ran away. Everyone hid in the house. Let's call them. Lure them with your hands. Everyone came running. Cockerel, bunny, dog, kitty.” When the child remembers the names of all the animals, replace them with others.
EXERCISES TO DEVELOP PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS

FOLK GAMES AND Rhymes FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PSYCHOEMOTIONAL SPHERE OF A CHILD OF 1 YEAR OF LIFE

Under the influence of various games and nursery rhymes, the baby learns to receive unconscious pleasure from a special rhythmic intonation that distinguishes nursery rhymes from ordinary speech.

Nursery rhymes have a complex developmental impact on the psycho-emotional, speech, and intellectual spheres of a small child. Let's give some examples.

“The horned goat is coming.”
Bend over the child, smile, catch his gaze and say:

The horned goat is coming,
There's a butted goat coming,
Legs top top,
With your eyes clap-clap:
“Who doesn’t eat porridge,
Doesn't drink milk
I’ll gore him, I’ll gore him, I’ll gore him.”

“Okay, okay.”
Take the child in your arms and, clapping him with your palms, say:

Okay, okay!
Where were you? - By Grandma.
What did you eat? - Porridge.
What did you drink? - Mash.
We ate porridge,
We drank some beer - Shu-u-u... Let's fly!
They sat on the head.