Polyester varnish for wood. Polyester and polyurethane varnishes. How to prepare a working mixture of polyester paints and varnishes
Polyester varnishes and primers unusual materials for painting with excellent consumer characteristics, but a short life, requiring efficiency from the painter.
The main sections of the article:
How do you work with polyester paints and varnishes?
Before use, a small amount (2%) of a catalyst is introduced into the working mixture - a substance that initiates the reaction, and an accelerator that activates the catalyst. As a result of the copolymerization of the polyester with the monomer, a branched spatial polymer is formed.
The fact is that in the presence of oxygen, free radicals, into which the initiator decomposes, react mainly with it, without causing a copolymerization reaction. The paraffins introduced into the composition float up, form a film on the surface that prevents the access of oxygen, and then only the polymerization of the paintwork material occurs.
The paraffin layer on the surface is then removed by grinding or polishing, which are mandatory components of the technology for imputing paraffin-containing PE materials.
Watch the video of working with polyester primer when finishing MDF
How are polyester paints thinned?
Polyester paints, varnishes, primers are diluted with very fast thinners based on acetone, most of it evaporates during application, so that the applied layer is quite viscous and does not smudge. The rest of the acetone evaporates in 10-15 minutes. After sanding after a few hours, the shrinkage is very small.
How is polyester primer dried before sanding?
Drying of polyester primers for high gloss finishes generally takes much longer than the minimum drying time before sanding.
Thick, rigid, perfectly even and smooth bases under mirror gloss finishes - this is exactly what PE materials can best provide.
How is the working mixture of polyester paints and varnishes prepared?
In addition, the working mixture usually has a short pot life (10-40 minutes), and the shelf life of the materials themselves is also limited. Despite low solvent evaporation, some PE materials have a stronger and more unpleasant odor than PU materials.
To improve the manufacturability of PE materials, "slow" catalysts and accelerators have been developed that increase the viability to several hours, however, the drying time of the material with such additives also increases.
In order to get around the difficulties associated with a short lifetime, sometimes special two-component pumps are used that mix the materials immediately before application, or spray guns with mixing the components in the torch.
Consumer properties of polyester paints and varnishes
Films of PE materials withstand temperature fluctuations from -40°C to 60°C, but have low weather resistance. PE materials do not cure well on resinous softwood, rosewood and some other oily woods.
The large thickness of PE primers tends to separate from the substrate under load, which is especially unpleasant with a transparent finish. However, a finish containing a PE primer and a PU finish appears to be quite impact resistant. Additives have been developed that increase the elasticity of PE coatings.
On the Russian market, polyester varnishes of Russian or foreign production can be purchased from Technocolor, Lac-Premier, LIGA, TimberAL, BaltPromKomplekt, Industrial Paints, Trade House EuroChem-1, I.T.I., ART-Industry, Phaeton, Tanzor-M, TENDENT, LKM ServicePlus, Somek, Trade and Industrial Company INFRACHEM, Production Association "Paints for All", "Fibrolit", "CHELAK", FKP "Combine "Kamensky"", "VitaKhim". Advantages of polyester varnishes: high dry residue, excellent filling capacity, high hardness and physical and chemical stability. Such varnishes, when dried, form a solid film of great thickness, resistant to various reagents and water. Polyester lacquers are usually applied to the surface of products by pneumatic spraying or pouring (using a lacquering machine).
Polyester varnishes are divided into paraffin-containing and paraffin-free (hot or cold curing). Paraffin-containing varnishes are distinguished by a high content of film formers (93-97?%), which predetermines their high efficiency. Such varnishes are used to obtain coatings with a mirror finish or matte coatings for the front, facade surfaces of expensive furniture. Paraffin-containing varnishes can be applied in thick layers, since their shrinkage is small, and curing occurs faster and more reliably in thick layers than in thin ones, so a coating with a thickness of 300-400 microns can be obtained in one or two applications. Priming and filling the substrate is rarely used when finishing with paraffin-containing varnishes.
The main disadvantage of varnishes containing paraffin is low adhesion to wood. These varnishes are characterized by low viscosity and high fluidity. Solutions of these varnishes have a short pot life (about 30 minutes). Due to their high fluidity, paraffin-containing varnishes are mainly used for finishing horizontal panel surfaces. When applied to vertical surfaces, special additives are introduced into them.
If during the preparation of the wood surface for finishing it is not supposed to be painted with aqueous solutions of dyes, it is allowed to treat a rough surface with such varnishes, since the varnish does not cause noticeable swelling of the surface layer of wood. For the same reason, the operation of removing wood pile can be excluded from the technological process. paint material product
Paraffin-free varnishes contain about 70?% of film formers. The viability period of working solutions of these varnishes is at least 20 hours. Coatings based on paraffin-free varnishes, in contrast to coatings based on paraffin-containing varnishes, are characterized by higher elasticity and adhesion to various substrates. Paraffin-free polyester varnishes are easy to apply. Often they are used in combination "polyester primer plus polyurethane varnish or enamel".
Domestic manufacturers of paintwork materials produce many brands of polyester varnishes. For example, varnishes of the PE-246, PE-265, PE-2136 brands are suitable for the formation of high-gloss coatings on panel furniture parts lined with natural, synthetic veneer or materials based on impregnated papers. They also produce varnish PE-2136U with ultraviolet curing, which provides the formation of high-gloss coatings on panel furniture parts lined with natural, synthetic veneer or materials based on impregnated papers. Lacquer PE-2311 is intended for obtaining matte coatings with a finished effect on panel furniture parts lined with natural veneer or materials based on impregnated papers, and lacquer grade PE-2315 is intended for obtaining glossy coatings of a similar effect. For finishing wood products used indoors, followed by polishing, as well as for painting musical instruments, high-gloss varnish of the PE-232 brand is in demand. Lacquer PE-251 is intended for obtaining transparent glossy coatings. It is mainly used for high-quality finishing of chairs, armchairs and other solid wood products. Manufacturers produce grades PE-251A and PE-251 B.
LAK PE-246
Compound
PE-246 consists of four components:
Semi-finished varnish PE-246, which is a solution of unsaturated polyester resin in styrene, butyl acetate and acetone;
3% solution of paraffin in styrene;
Accelerator No. 30 (styrene solution of cobalt afthenate) or accelerator No. 25 (toluene solution of cobalt naphthenate);
Polymerization initiator - cyclohexanone peroxide (50% solution of cyclohexanone peroxide in plasticizer) or methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Appearance
Transparent liquid from colorless to yellow, without foreign impurities.
Purpose
Designed for obtaining high-gloss coatings when finishing furniture parts and decorative items lined with natural wood veneer or materials based on impregnated textured papers.
Properties
The coating formed by the varnish has hardness and frost resistance. After application, grinding and polishing of the coating is possible.
Precautionary measures
PE-246 is a flammable and toxic varnish. During painting work, as well as after their completion, it is necessary to carefully ventilate the room. Use rubber gloves to protect your hands.
Application
Before use, mix the components of the varnish. If necessary, dilute with acetone. The pot life of the finished mixture is 8 hours. Drying time - 3 hours at a temperature of 20C. The result is a smooth glossy finish.
Coatings such as polyester varnishes are often used in the furniture and industrial sectors. The product line includes glossy and matt finishes suitable for coating metal and wood substrates. In addition to coatings, polyester primers are actively sold on the market, which are indispensable for closed-pore finishing.
Properties of coatings based on polyester
These types of tools are characterized by increased performance. A product covered with such a varnish looks brighter in appearance, and the surface acquires a shine similar to a wet effect. With the option of using a pigmented varnish, the surface acquires distinctive decorative properties.
According to their composition, polyester compositions are paraffin-containing and paraffin-free, each of which differs in its specific details of operation.
A distinctive feature of polyester varnishes lies in their properties, namely:
- fit well on a wooden base;
- cope with minor flaws: mechanical defects, chips or dents, grooves resulting from grinding;
- the formation of an even and smooth glossy coating, which, if necessary, after drying, is polished in order to remove the upper paraffin layer.
Features and benefits of using polyester coatings
Among the distinctive characteristics of the polyester composition for wood:
Features of paraffin-containing formulations
Polyester varnishes for wood, the component composition of which includes unsaturated resins dissolved in styrene. In addition, it contains catalysts (initiators) and accelerators (accelerators) of the polymerization process. Due to the content of paraffin on the surface of the product, a thin film is formed that prevents the evaporation of styrene and the oxidation of the inner layers of the varnish. This is what makes it possible to achieve a film-forming coating that is distinguished by its strength.
The methodology for applying wax-based wood varnish is by pouring and spraying. The treated surface dries for at least 180 minutes at a temperature of +20 o C (± 2 o C).
The percentage of dry residue of the paraffin-containing polyester composition is up to 94.95%. This is a property that allows minimizing the consumption of paintwork materials for coating the surface of furniture on an industrial scale.
Features of non-waxed varnishes
The composition increases the adhesive properties of surfaces. The indicators of such varnishes are lower, but the boundaries of the temperature range allow the use of this material more widely compared to waxed varnishes.
For application to the surface of a wooden product, a pouring method or a special pneumatic sprayer in an electrostatic field of high voltage currents is used. When using the latter method, it is possible to significantly save on the consumption of the polyester composition.
The main characteristics of polyester varnish for metal
Metal is a material that is durable and reliable, but like everything that surrounds us, sooner or later it loses its characteristics, becoming unusable. It is worth noting that outdoor structures become unusable sooner than others.
With constant exposure of the metal surface to sunlight, precipitation, temperature changes and other climatic factors and the influence of the environment, rust forms on the metal surface, which indicates an irreversible reaction - corrosion.
To protect metal bases from such a fate, special varnishes and paints are used, including polyester varnish for metal. Such coatings contribute to the formation of a special protective decorative layer on the surface of the product.
For applying coatings to metal structures, several methods are used:
- with a brush;
- by means of a roller;
- when using a spray gun;
- through a balloon.
Of course, the last two options are preferable in view of the fact that the varnish lays down evenly and is consumed more slowly, evenly penetrating deep into the structure of the surface layer of the material and forming a reliable protective coating.
It is worth noting that among the properties of polyester varnish is a strong water-repellent ability that protects the surface of both metal and wood from corrosion and decay, respectively.
Now you can imagine what a polyester composition is and why it is needed. The above features of certain types of polyester-based coatings will help you focus on choosing the right option, narrowing the range of product range depending on the need.
Katzenelenbogen 12.03.2015 - 16:27
Once upon a time, in ancient Soviet times, the highest level of practicality
and chic was the coating of the parquet with polyester varnish.
As I remember right now - it was poisonous and smelly, but wear resistance
(according to the then impressions) was incredible.
Is this true today or is it just childhood memories?
Sopsno, I'm thinking ... well, you got it.
Stas 12.03.2015 - 16:29
Yeah. And with a thick thick layer 😊 Take any modern water-based, even lobadur, only glossy. Durability is beyond praise.
Katzenelenbogen 12.03.2015 - 16:35
Stas
Durability is beyond praise.
Almost all of these water-based varnishes are washed with a fingernail.
And that polyester one could be scratched with something sharp, but leaving a dented groove with a fingernail or a piece of wood - horseradish.
azlk77 12.03.2015 - 16:39
Thing! He himself covered the parquet. When they entered the apartment and varnished the parquet and poisoned the bedbugs with cockroaches at the same time 😀 A colleague got a burn of the respiratory tract and asthma when he covered the apartment under a closet and without a gas mask. There were two types of "Leningrad" and "Moscow". The pros argued which one was more poisonous. But very durable. Now some modern odorless.
Stas 12.03.2015 - 17:51
If fundamentally PE, then look for Sayerlack.
Stas 12.03.2015 - 21:58
:) Only if strength is most important to you, take a glossy one. Matte shit.
Katzenelenbogen 12.03.2015 - 23:13
Stas
😊 Only if strength is most important to you, take a glossy one. Matte shit.
And I will remember it.
😛
kaka 13.03.2015 - 12:25
At the dacha I use "Yachtny" which is with a giraffe. Maybe it’s not budgetary for the floors, but the street staircase to the porch has not been noticed for five years already, without signs of abrasion. Yes, inside the house. Only I like it more matte, where dullness in it is seen as not such a bright shine and does not hit the eyes.
avkie 13.03.2015 - 06:58
I covered the floor with semi-matt polyester varnish in 3 layers at the dacha. really very durable.
Katzenelenbogen 13.03.2015 - 13:09
avkie
I covered the floor with semi-matt polyester varnish in 3 layers at the dacha. really very durable.
What is his last name?
Stas 13.03.2015 - 13:16
KatzenelenbogenPoly-R is his last name. True, under this brand they bottle from Yaroslavl to Magadan, the quality can be very different ...
What is his last name?
carrier 13.03.2015 - 14:45
Polyurethane varnish is better, does not stink and is very wear-resistant. He hesitated to grind it on the stairs. 😀
Katzenelenbogen 13.03.2015 - 15:28
cocoa
At the dacha I use "Yachtny" which is with a giraffe.
Stas 13.03.2015 - 15:45
Katzenelenbogen
I looked through 1000 pictures "lacquer yacht" in Google, I did not find a giraffe.
Katzenelenbogen 13.03.2015 - 16:22
Stas
Your google is unlicensed. Second row, third from the right
Some kind of small giraffe, inconspicuous, the giraffe should be big.
😊
Understood.
Stas 13.03.2015 - 17:51
KatzenelenbogenWhat kind of varnish, such a giraffe 😊 By the way, they generally pour yacht Turkish... R - it's probably from "horns and hooves" 😊 😊 An office like a well-known seller of other people's spare parts in their boxes, TRW 😊)
Some little giraffe
paradox 13.03.2015 - 18:01
polyester is the toughest varnish.
Stas 14.03.2015 - 22:30
paradoxRigidity - that is, hardness? So this is largely a disadvantage. We glued the boats from fiberglass and PE varnish, so we had to add a plasticizer 5-10 times more than the norm so that the finished layer would not prick from impact.
polyester is the toughest varnish.
not only solid, but also refractory.
production in Russia has been discontinued.
imports are much softer and more expensive.
Production in Russia - sorry ...
Import is different. Throw some out altogether. I personally used the Sayerlack I mentioned, I'm not complaining. The price tag - yes, especially today, inhumane ... Well, for the maid's estate ...
Stas 15.03.2015 - 10:25
paradoxWell then of course
looking for someone.
Katzenelenbogen 15.03.2015 - 14:12
paradox
and for pianos
Take it easy!
Pianos such varnishes are contraindicated categorically.
Only polish, soft and fragile.
Although there are pianos made of chipboard, covered with polyester, to blame.
😊
paradox 15.03.2015 - 15:56
Pianos such varnishes are contraindicated categorically.
by the way, their pianos were even exported to Canada.
Stas 15.03.2015 - 18:35
paradoxYes, all pianos and pianos are covered with high-strength varnish. Mr. Katzenelenbogen simply did not go to music school and believes that the main secret of Stradivari is not to use polyester varnish 😊 😊 Although absolutely all musical instruments are varnished 😊 Even copper pipes are polished and varnished 😊
factory "Yakov Becker", which produced pianos in St. Petersburg,
Stas 15.03.2015 - 18:39
KatzenelenbogenEven in a nightmare, chipboard is not used. On the most fucking pianos, it's dawn and then never. All inexpensive tools are made of glued furniture board covered with veneer. Quite worthless were covered with black glossy NC paint and polished. 😊
Although there are pianos made of chipboard,
carrier 15.03.2015 - 20:06
Stas
and they polish and varnish
Stas 15.03.2015 - 21:44
carrierGoogle about the production of brass instruments and polished brass fittings for expensive suitcases. 😊 Many other things are also varnished, such as hacksaws, beer cans, bronze bathroom faucets and toothpaste tubes, if anything. About "different processes" - this is for the shkolota who passed the exam, pliiz.
Polished varnish is not covered. It's like a completely different process.
Katzenelenbogen 15.03.2015 - 21:46
Stas
Yes, all pianos and pianos are covered with high-strength varnish.
Stas
Even in a nightmare, chipboard is not used.
Stas
Mr. Katzenelenbogen simply did not go to music school and believes that the main secret of Stradivari is not to use polyester varnish
Yes, it was not there.
😊
However, I am slightly in the subject, well, quite a bit, but enough to laugh at the "experts".
1.
I don't know what the instruments are covered with now, but they ALWAYS covered them with polish, which is a type of varnish.
Many layers, manual overclocking, special techniques - now it is lost, as you can easily guess.
2.
About chipboard.
😀
paradox
the Yakov Becker plant, which produced pianos in St. Petersburg, used the domestic lacquer of the Tantalum plant
in fact, on a becker, I learned to work with this varnish ..
The YaB plant produces furniture that has all the outward signs of pianos and grand pianos.
As for Canada, this firewood was happily accepted there because of its relative cheapness.
Old "Red October" sometimes made real instruments.
After Stalin's death 😛 everything went the same way, that is, in the ass.
Although the brand still held on for 10-15 years, even tall instruments came across.
Stas 15.03.2015 - 23:13
KatzenelenbogenRave. Chipboard muffles the sound nah. It's like a drum made of felt or a frying pan made of basalt wool. Can I have proof on chipboard in the piano?
I have personally observed tools built from furniture board - chipboard and veneer on both sides.
Stas 15.03.2015 - 23:18
KatzenelenbogenI could not be so brutal, and under the threat of sanctions from my mother (deprivation of a model circle, deprivation of DOSAAF, etc.) I had to graduate from a music school 😊 😊
Well, what can I say ... more precisely - to advise ...To begin with, I’ll say that my heroic dad was a piano master at the Accord factory,
and taught me this skill since childhood, wanted me to follow in his footsteps.
It wasn't there
paradox 15.03.2015 - 23:19
Polished varnish is not covered.how is it not covered?
The YaB plant produces furniture that has all the outward signs of pianos and grand pianos.I won’t argue, I don’t understand the piano, unlike wood and varnishes.
but after the closure of tantalum, Becker had problems with cheapness.
I thought they were shut down
then they happily accepted this firewood there because of the relative cheapness.apparently, all the same, they sounded somehow, otherwise they would not have bought firewood at all and for nothing.
in any case - the carpentry for yakov becker was great - and I don’t need strings
paradox 15.03.2015 - 23:21
Old "Red October" sometimes made real instruments.Then there was also polyester.
Stas 15.03.2015 - 23:21
paradoxI tell you, USE 😊 The death of education, and even too lazy to use Google 😊 😊
how is it not covered?
carrier 15.03.2015 - 23:41
paradox
how is it not covered?
StasWho else is that generation.))) Polishing is grinding using polish or oils, no varnish is used.
I tell you, the Unified State Examination is the death of education, and even too lazy to use Google
paradox 15.03.2015 - 23:52
Polishing is grinding with polishes or oils, no varnish is used.Ouch!
polish or oil is impregnation, not polishing.
carrier 16.03.2015 - 12:09
paradoxAfter the finish is not necessary. Everything depends on the goals. Varnishing is just painting.
any wooden product, if varnished, is then MANDATORY polished.
paradoxOil is used as an impregnation.
yes, they grind not with oil, but with an abrasive, that is, with polishing paste
paradox 16.03.2015 - 12:44
Oil is used as an impregnation.exactly.
not polish.
After the finish is not necessary.to whom the mare is the bride.
(With)
in the sense, you can not polish.
carrier 16.03.2015 - 01:27
paradoxNot all varnishes are glossy, and the requirements for the surface are different, for some, on the contrary, brushing is needed.
but it is better not to show such a product to anyone.
carrier 16.03.2015 - 01:30
paradoxThe process of applying the compositions includes polishing, the pores of the wood are partially or completely closed, the surface becomes shiny, this is a rather long and time-consuming procedure, several hundred layers of oil or varnish can be applied.
instead of polishing
paradox 16.03.2015 - 01:36
Not all polishes are glossyNot all.
but polished and after matte.
but you wrote something else
Polished varnish is not coveredthat is, polished is equally unvarnished.
what is nonsense.
The process of applying the compositions is included in the polishingcompletely optional
Katzenelenbogen 16.03.2015 - 01:43
Stas
Chipboard muffles the sound nah.I remember that this is a polyurethane varnish, semi-matt (because I don’t like gloss)
it was some kind of inexpensive varnish, our production.
I took it in a 3.5kg container, to the dacha (6.5x6.5) on the floor and veranda - it took 3 cans, painted on 3 layers, dried for a week, then two more layers.in one place he inherited, so then I had to remove it by grinding - it was very difficult to grind it.
so I don't think it will fade anytime soon.avkie 16.03.2015 - 11:11
carrier
Polyurethane varnish is better, does not stink and is very wear-resistant. He hesitated to grind it on the stairs. 😀and dries quickly
covering 3 coats in a day is not a problem. morning, afternoon and evening. arrived a week later - covered a couple more layersavkie 16.03.2015 - 11:16
paradoxyes, after impregnation, the wood is also polished
if we do not want a hedgehog on the surface.everything is right. because if a dry tree or plywood is wetted with water, then all the fibers on the surface will immediately stand upright.
so they polished before, soaked, dried and removed the hedgehog.
If you cover with varnish - it will be the same.
therefore, after the first layer, I dried it well and removed the hedgehog with a grinder.hedgehog did not shoot only on the steps of the stairs. because there, because of this effect, the steps turned out to be very successful, non-slip! I left it like that. not slippery even with socks.
Stas 16.03.2015 - 20:19
KatzenelenbogenI even saw an iron violin. 😊 Iron normally resonates. And chipboard / fiberboard is evil in music. tool...
Ha!
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