Oily skin: how to moisturize, reduce oiliness and clean pores. How to normalize the work of the sebaceous glands on the face? Care rules

There are skin diseases that are treated by both dermatologists and cosmetologists. These include something that everyone can have, which you can ignore, but which you really want to get rid of, as this affects the aesthetic appearance of the skin. So, these are problems that spoil the appearance and cause not so much physical as moral suffering. Let us dwell here only on the most frequent ones - Acne, seborrhea and various formations on the skin.

Acne vulgaris or juvenile acne

Acne- the most common skin disease in adolescents and young people, that is, the most socially active part of the population. This unpleasant disease affects about 85% of people aged 12 to 25 in European countries, so clear skin at this age is the exception rather than the rule. The presence of inflamed pimples, pustules and abscesses, blackheads (comedones), spots and scars, greasy, untidy appearance of the skin in the most prominent places causes difficulties in communication, professional device, reduces self-esteem, often leads to the formation of significant psycho-emotional disorders, up to the desire to complete isolation. Some young people stop leaving the house, drop out of school and work, become isolated, and in the end, a minor and completely banal skin problem develops into a personal tragedy. A patient who has addressed to a dermatologist about acne has serious psychological problems. Shyness, guilt, a sense of social unacceptability, anger, a state of depression, disbelief in the possibility of a cure are expressed to one degree or another. Intense experiences exacerbate the course of the disease. In stressful situations, patients, especially women, open the skin, squeeze out Acne, which further worsens the appearance of the skin due to the accompanying inflammation. On such injured areas, scars and spots remain that do not go away for a long time.

Acne- a long-term disease, often aggravated (in girls, as a rule, monthly) and often resistant to ongoing treatment. Today we know much more about acne than ten years ago, and a competent specialist can always help the patient. In this regard, the opinion that existed in the past that acne will disappear by itself with age, and therefore it is not worth spending effort on treating them, now sounds simply absurd. It is not always possible to immediately find the right individual approach, but the efforts made and the persistence shown are always rewarded with a good result. In the arsenal of specialists there are a number of effective drugs of different groups. The choice of the drug depends on the form of the disease, the prevalence of certain symptoms, the sex of the patient, the presence of contraindications.

Acne is more often divided into:

1. acne with a predominance of comedones (white and black dots with mild inflammation);
2. papulo-pustular acne (there are comedones, inflamed nodules - what is usually called acne, pustules, sometimes single large painful seals, gradually turning into abscesses such as boils);
3. conglobate acne (along with all of the above, there are long-term painful seals that leave pronounced scars after healing).

Most patients eventually develop the habit of squeezing comedones and pustules, constantly touching the inflamed skin, which is why bloody crusts, spots, superficial scars are added to everything described.

Many factors are involved in the development of acne, the action of which is ultimately realized in the sebaceous hair follicles. Not all follicles are affected, but only those with a special structure, located on the face and upper body, with large sebaceous glands, wide (up to 2.5 mm) ducts and thin, almost invisible hairs. The sebaceous glands are the target organ for sex hormones, especially testosterone. Under the influence of testosterone, produced by the sex glands, especially actively in adolescence, the size and number of sebaceous glands increase significantly, the production of sebum increases, and its composition changes. In addition, in the development of acne, a violation of the keratinization of the ducts of the sebaceous glands, difficulty in the outflow of sebum to the surface of the skin, increased reproduction of microbes in the accumulated sebum and subsequent inflammation are essential. With the help of modern medicines, it is possible to influence almost all the factors involved in the development of the disease.

With the initial manifestations of acne (usually at the age of 8–13 years), when the clinical picture is dominated by increased oily skin and comedones (whitish nodules and black dots), and there are not so many inflammatory elements, retinoic and salicylic acid preparations are used externally. Both acids have the ability to dissolve comedones, and salicylic acid is much weaker in this regard. With papulo-pustular acne, it is advisable to use antibiotics, retinoids, benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide), traditional external agents (salicylic, chloramphenicol, resorcinol alcohols). Severe forms of acne, including acne conglobata, should be treated with oral retinoids, and only if there are contraindications, other methods of treatment (antibiotics, immunomodulators) are used. As with papulopustular acne, it is preferable to use a combination of different drugs.

Problems solved in the course of treatment and ways to solve them:

• decrease in sebum production (retinoids, especially retinoic acid, hormonal drugs - estrogens, progestins or antiandrogens, spironolactones);
• reduction of inflammation - antibiotics (tetracyclines, erythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin) and local anti-inflammatory and microcirculation-improving agents, including zinc oxide, sulfur, tar, ichthyol, resorcinol;
• prevention of the appearance and elimination of comedones (retinoids, especially retinoic acid, salicylic alcohol);
• prevention of scarring (early start of treatment, retinoids, curiosin, contractubex, exclusion of injury to rashes).

Features of acne treatment with drugs of different groups

Currently, retinoids are the most effective group of drugs for the treatment of acne. Their use solves several problems at once - reducing the production of sebum and inflammation, preventing the appearance and elimination of comedones and scars. Two isomers of retinoic acid (tretinoin and isotretinoin) are used externally for the treatment of acne. Roaccutane and Retinol palmitate are used for internal treatment of acne conglobata and widespread papulo-pustular acne resistant to other external agents.

Roaccutane (isotretinoin) (Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland) is produced in capsules for oral administration of 10 and 20 mg (30 pieces per pack). Assign at the rate of 0.5-1.0 mg / kg of body weight per day, taken in equal parts 2 times a day after meals for 12-16 weeks. If necessary, repeated courses break should be at least 8 weeks. Roaccutane is a highly effective drug, however, its use is limited by high cost and many side effects. Treatment is always carried out under the supervision of a specialist.

Retinol palmitate(vitamin A) - a domestic drug, it is produced in capsules for oral administration of 33,000 and 100,000 IU, as well as in an oil solution of 100,000 IU / ml. Effective doses for acne are at least 300,000 IU per day. The course of treatment is 12-16 weeks. The intervals between courses are 4-8 weeks. Retinol palmitate is inferior to Roaccutane in effectiveness, however, its tolerance is better, and the cost is much lower.

For external treatment of acne, preparations containing all-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin) and 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) are used. All-trans-retinoic acid is contained in the following foreign preparations: Retin-A - 0.05% cream in tubes of 30 g (Silag, Switzerland), Lokacid - 0.05% cream in tubes of 30 g and 0.1% solution in 15 ml vials (Pierre Fabre, France). External preparations with 13-cis-retinoic acid, which has a higher bioavailability, are produced only in Russia - Retinoic ointment 0.1% and 0.05% and Retasol ® (FNPP "Retinoids"). Ointments and solution are recommended to be applied to previously cleansed skin 1-2 times a day. Upon reaching the effect, it is recommended to reduce the concentration or reduce the frequency of application of the drug. The duration of treatment is 12-16 weeks.

Drugs from the group of retinoids have a number of side effects. The most serious of them are teratogenicity and embryotoxicity. In this regard, women of childbearing age are prescribed retinoids with reliable contraception and a negative pregnancy test. In the outpatient card, when prescribing systemic treatment, a note is usually made about the woman's awareness of possible side effects, and abroad, dermatologists suggest that women fill out and sign a special form in order to avoid further prosecution in case of side effects. External treatment with drugs of this group is stopped when pregnancy occurs. Retinoids do not have a negative effect on the reproductive function of men.

In the first or second week of treatment, most patients experience an exacerbation reaction, which is expressed in redness, moderate itching, and peeling of the skin. The patient should be warned about the reaction, and if important events in life are coming at this time, then it is better to postpone the start of treatment. Usually these phenomena disappear on their own within a few days, after which there is a persistent improvement. Dryness of the lips, cracks in the corners of the mouth, peeling of the skin are frequent during the treatment process, they are eliminated by using a neutral moisturizer for the face and body, hygienic lipstick or lip gel, limiting the use of detergents when washing and washing. With the systemic administration of retinoids, dryness of the nasal mucosa, nosebleeds, conjunctivitis, urethritis, increased levels of transaminases and lipids in the blood, and increased skin sensitivity to sunlight are sometimes observed. Taking this into account, before the start of treatment and monthly during the course of treatment, a biochemical blood test is performed, it is recommended to use protective sunscreen, avoid direct sunlight.

Contraindications

pregnancy and lactation, abnormalities in the biochemical analysis of blood (hyperlipidemia, increased activity of ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase), renal and hepatic insufficiency, hypervitaminosis A, drug intolerance. It is impossible to prescribe simultaneously retinoids inside and out, ultraviolet irradiation, preparations with keratolytic and exfoliating effects, exfoliating cosmetic procedures and products (scrubs, peeling). The action of retinoids is weakened by the simultaneous use of glucocorticosteroid drugs and alcohol intake.

Antibiotics

Of the wide range of antibiotics for the treatment of acne, only tetracyclines, erythromycin, lincomycin, josamycin and clindamycin are used. The appointment of antibiotics inside is indicated for the defeat of a large area of ​​the skin, the predominance of pustules. During pregnancy, of these drugs, only erythromycin can be used.

Antibiotics of the tetracycline group have an advantage over other groups, since they are lipophilic and easily reach the main object of their action - the sebaceous glands. They can be prescribed for a long time - 2-3 months in a small dose. In this case, they block the production of bacterial lipases, the main link in the development of inflammation. An essential advantage of this method is the possibility of long-term treatment without disturbing the composition of the intestinal flora. The daily dose of tetracycline is 1000 mg (10 tablets of 0.1 g or 4 tablets of 0.25 g), doxycycline hydrochloride - 50 mg (1 capsule of 0.05 g once a day), unidox solutab - 50 mg ( 1/2 tablet of 0.1 g), metacycline - 600 mg (2 times a day, 0.3 g). Antibiotics of the tetracycline group at the indicated doses are always well tolerated, and side effects characteristic of long-term use at a bacteriostatic dose do not develop. Tetracyclines are contraindicated in concomitant fungal diseases, pregnancy (last trimester), liver dysfunction, leukopenia, children under 8 years of age, kidney disease. During treatment, insolation is not recommended, ultraviolet irradiation, retinoids for internal use, hormonal contraceptives, psychotropic, anticonvulsant and antidiabetic drugs are not prescribed. The absorption of tetracycline is weakened in the presence of food, especially milk and dairy products, as well as trace elements - aluminum, calcium, magnesium, iron. Their use should be avoided during treatment. Tablets are taken separately from meals.

Doxycycline, Metacycline and Unidox Solutab are better absorbed and can be taken with or after meals with plenty of water. Unfortunately, the resistance of microorganisms to the drugs of this group quickly develops, and when re-administered, they are rarely effective.

Erythromycin belongs to the group of macrolides, the daily dose - 500-1000 mg is distributed in 3-4 doses 1-1.5 hours before meals. The drug is produced in tablets or capsules of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 g. Possible side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, liver dysfunction. The drug is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance, liver diseases with impaired function. It should be borne in mind that erythromycin is inactivated by dairy products and acidic drinks, and also increases blood levels and enhances the toxic effect of carbamazepine (tegretol, finlepsin) and theophylline.

Clindamycin (lincomycin group) is prescribed in a daily dose of 0.6 g, divided into 2 doses, is available in capsules of 0.15 g and called Dalacin C - 0.15 and 0.3 g each. The course of treatment is 7-10 days. Possible side effects include dyspepsia (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), liver dysfunction. The drug is incompatible with erythromycin and vitamins of group B. Lincomycin is prescribed in a daily dose of 1500-2000 mg (2 tablets 3-4 times a day), is available in capsules of 0.25 g. The duration of treatment and side effects are similar to clindamycin.

Josamycin or vilprafen in a daily dose of 1000 mg (1 tab. 2 times a day between meals) is used for 2-4 weeks, then 1 tab. within 8 weeks. Possible side effects include dyspepsia (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), liver dysfunction. The drug is incompatible with lincomycin, weakens the effect of hormonal contraceptives.

In case of intolerance to antibiotics, they resort to sulfanilamide preparations, usually co-trimoxazole (biseptol, septrin, groseptol, cotrifarm 480). The drug is prescribed at 480-960 mg (1-2 tablets) 2 times a day during or after meals with an interval of 12 hours. During treatment, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids, monitor the condition of blood and urine, avoid solar and ultraviolet radiation, and do not prescribe ascorbic acid.

It is logical to assume that the local use of the above antibiotics can be much more effective and safer than the internal one. However, studies show that topical erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline are only effective for mild acne, especially when combined with zinc, retinoids, or benzoyl peroxide. External application of 1% erythromycin ointment (Ung. Erythromycini 1%) has a positive effect only in combination with other external and internal agents, the gel with clindamycin Dalacin T (Pharmacy, USA) is more effective. Easy to use Eriderm (Eryderm, Abbott Labor, USA) - 2% solution of erythromycin. Levomycetin, boric, resorcinol alcohols are also used for drying and cauterization of individual rashes. Combined preparations are effective - Zinerit ("Yamanouchi", the Netherlands) - a solution of erythromycin and zinc acetate and Benzamycin, a gel for external use, in tubes of 20 g, ("Rhone-Poulenc Rohrer", USA), containing 3% erythromycin and 5% benzoyl peroxide. All of the above drugs are prescribed 2 times a day. As with oral antibiotics, topical preparations tend to cause the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms, so their repeated administration is often ineffective. Resistance of strains of Propionibacterium acnes (the main microorganism that multiplies in the sebaceous glands of patients) to commonly used antibiotics was found in 60% of patients. Strengthening of resistance depends on the duration of therapy, resistance to erythromycin develops more often.

Other antiseptics and disinfectants. One of the successful modern approaches to treatment is the use of benzoyl peroxide - a lipophilic compound due to the presence of a benzoic acid residue in its composition. When applied to the skin, benzoyl peroxide decomposes under the action of air into peroxide and inactive benzoic acid, which remains on the surface of the skin. Active oxygen compounds damage the walls of bacteria, destroying them, the content of fatty acids decreases, which prevents inflammation. At the same time, the same compounds have a damaging effect on the horny scales, which is clinically expressed by skin peeling, which accompanies the therapeutic effect. Benzoyl peroxide preparations do not affect comedones, therefore, if they predominate, they are not used. Different companies offer this drug under the names Benzakne (Polfa, Poland), Desquam (Bristol-Myers, USA), Oxy 5 and Oxy 10 (SmithKline Beach, UK), Baziron (Galderma, France). Benzoyl peroxide is produced in the form of 2%, 5%, and 10% gel, 5% and 10% lotion. Treatment begins with the application of a lower concentration of the drug to the face, then it is increased. A higher concentration is immediately applied to the back and chest. Benzoyl peroxide is applied to previously cleansed skin once a day. Side effects include an exacerbation reaction in the first days of use, dryness and flaking of the skin, discoloration of hair and linen when the drug comes into contact with them. Intolerance is not uncommon, therefore, before starting treatment, it is recommended to conduct a skin test - the drug is applied to a small area of ​​​​the skin of the flexor surface of the forearm for 48 hours. In the absence of itching and redness, you can apply the drug on the face.

A good effect, especially in the presence of comedones, has a combination of local application of benzoyl peroxide in the morning, and Retinoic ointment in the evening.

Azelaic acid inhibits the growth of microorganisms and reduces the content of free fatty acids on the surface of the skin. Cream or gel Skinoren (Schering, Germany), containing 20% ​​and 15% azelaic acid, respectively, is applied to the skin of the face (both on the affected and free areas from rashes) 2 times a day. When applied, local skin irritation is possible. Skinoren is used in the complex therapy of acne; its use as an independent remedy usually does not bring success.

Zinc hyaluronate is part of the Curiosin gel (Gedeon Richter, Hungary), has a healing and antimicrobial effect. It can be used with a small amount of rashes, since the effectiveness of the drug is low. The gel is applied to cleansed skin twice a day, there may be a burning sensation and redness of the skin at the application sites.

Povidone-iodine (Betadine) is used to lubricate pustules in a concentrated (10%) or diluted 1:1 solution with water 1-2 times a day. It is undesirable to use in fair-skinned and red-haired patients due to increased sensitivity to iodine. The diluted solution cannot be stored.

With a small number of comedones in the initial stage of the disease, salicylic alcohol 2-3% is effective. It is used 2 times a day, trying not to apply to the entire affected area in order to avoid overdrying, but only to certain areas.

Sulfur is an anti-inflammatory agent, it is included as one of the components in most external agents (ointments and talkers) traditionally used in the treatment of acne. However, in recent years, its comedogenic effect has been discovered, i.e. it can cause the formation of comedones.

hormone therapy

Therapy with sex hormones is possible only in women. Estrogens (ethinylestradiol) and antiandrogens (cyproterone acetate, spironolactone) can be used for treatment. Estrogens reduce the secretion of the sebaceous glands, however, not as significantly as retinoids. They can be used simultaneously with local administration of retinoic acid, antibiotics or benzoyl peroxide, which increases the therapeutic effect. To achieve a good result, estrogens must be given for a long time - at least 5 cycles. The first signs of improvement are noticeable only towards the end of the second or third cycle. Estrogens have many side effects - nausea, fluid retention in the body, swelling of the legs, weight gain, breast tenderness, skin pigmentation, and an increased risk of vascular thrombosis. Risk factors for side effects include smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and vascular disease. Cyproterone acetate for the treatment of acne is used only in combination with estrogens. Of the combined preparations, Diane-35 and Janine (Schering, Germany) are used. The drug is prescribed 1 tablet per day, starting from the first day of the cycle, for 21 days with a break of 7 days. The antiandrogenic drug Cyproterone or Androkur (Schering, Germany) is prescribed 1 tablet (10 mg) per day, starting from the first day of the cycle for 15 days, a new course is started 4 weeks after the start of the first one. Glucocorticosteroid drugs are prescribed orally or parenterally only for abscessing and fulminant acne, which are extremely rare. External use of corticosteroid ointments is not indicated.

Drugs of other groups

Zincteral ("Polfa", Poland) contains zinc sulfate, the deficiency of which is often found in patients with acne. Tablets of 0.124 g are prescribed 1-2 times a day during or immediately after meals for 1-2 months. Nausea may occur during the first week of use. The drug enhances the action of retinoids, but weakens - tetracyclines. Homeopathic treatments include injections of Cutis compositum or Traumeel (Heel, Germany). Phytotherapy is still widely used as adjuvants - applications of gruel from badyagi for resorption of individual large nodes, lotions with green tea, calamus rhizome, raspberry shoots. Inside appoint infusions of plants with estrogenic action (hop cones, sage leaves).

Skin care

Many patients, feeling the increased sebum secretion characteristic of acne, try to wash their face as often as possible using soap and a sponge. At the same time, the skin dries up, but sebum secretion does not become significantly lower, since the washing out of fats occurs only from the surface of the skin, without affecting the sebaceous glands themselves, located in its depths. In this regard, frequent washing of the skin (no more than 1 time per day), the use of sponges and washcloths are not recommended in order to avoid irritation and injury. Now many use antimicrobial soap. But it changes the state of the microbial flora only on the surface of the skin and does not significantly affect the course of the disease. At the same time, antimicrobial additives contained in soap can cause irritation or allergic reactions. To clean the skin, it is better to use a mild neutral soap for sensitive skin or special cosmetics designed for this purpose (cleansing with milk, then tonic), and to eliminate the shine of the face associated with the release of sebum to the surface, use cosmetic wipes or special matting facilities. The widely held belief that makeup should not be used for acne has also now been reconsidered. Modern high-quality cosmetics that do not irritate the skin, well mask existing defects, do not significantly disturb perspiration, are not applied to the skin in a thick layer, and can be used during the day. It should be removed at home. Some medicines require the use of sunscreen. It is better to prefer gels and milk, and also be sure to quickly remove them from the skin indoors. Scrubs and peels may be recommended to smooth the surface of the skin and give it freshness, but are contraindicated during treatment with retinoids, benzoyl peroxide and tetracyclines.

The use of therapeutic masks with a drying effect and detergents is limited during treatment with retinoids and alcohol solutions. If there are pustules on the skin and severe inflammation, massage and cosmetic cleaning of the skin are contraindicated.

Diet

Both in the past and now, most dermatologists always recommend a fairly strict diet. Our long-term observations have shown that the benefits of such restrictions are small, and only in a few patients there is a clear relationship between the consumption of certain foods (mainly chocolate) and increased rashes. Usually we recommend that patients follow a reasonable diet, no frills, include more fermented milk products and greens in the diet. However, 2-3 days of fasting during an exacerbation always give a positive result. In general, when prescribing modern therapeutic agents, there is no need to follow any diet to achieve a good result. If the patient is to take part in a festive feast, it is better to cancel oral administration of drugs for 2-3 days and prescribe enterosorbents (Polifepan, Enterosgel, etc.).

• The initial stage - a few small black dots appear on the nose and forehead (usually in children) - Salicylic alcohol, Retinoic ointment, Skinoren, medical cosmetics.
• The same, but with significant oily skin - Retinoic ointment, Salicylic alcohol.
• Numerous black dots and separate inflammatory nodules and pustules - Retinoic ointment, Salicylic alcohol, for pustules - alcohols with antibiotics, Dalacin T, Povidone-iodine.
• The predominance of inflammation with a small number of comedones - Retinoids (Retinoic ointment, Retasol ®), benzoyl peroxide (Benzacne, Desquam, Oxy 5 and Oxy 10, Baziron), external preparations with antibiotics (Dalacin T, Zinerit, Eriderm, Benzamycin).
• The predominance of pustules in a common process (face, back, chest) - antibiotics, in some cases - retinoids inside (Roaccutane, Retinol palmitate), externally - benzoyl peroxide, disinfectants.
• Separate large painful ulcers on the face - antibiotics, externally - antibiotic ointments and benzoyl peroxide.

Seborrhea and seborrheic dermatitis

In recent years, what used to be united by one term “seborrhea” began to be divided into 2 concepts - seborrhea of ​​the head and seborrheic dermatitis (damage to smooth skin).

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It affects 1-3% of adults (mostly men). Seborrheic dermatitis, along with acne, refers to disorders of sebum secretion. Indeed, both diseases are often combined in the same person and the same areas of the skin are affected - the so-called "seborrheic zones" - the face, chest (decollete area) and the middle part of the back along the spine (interscapular region), where the largest sebaceous glands with wide ducts that secrete a large amount of sebum. The sebaceous glands of this type actively develop and increase in size during puberty. The composition of sebum also changes, it becomes more viscous, the components contained in it contribute to increased keratinization, which corresponds to peeling that is visible to the eye. Smaller glands, but also secreting a large amount of sebum, are located on the scalp. Their purpose is to provide fatty lubrication of the hair, to make it invulnerable to external influences. These glands are also more active during puberty. In adolescents and adults, the mildest form of seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by peeling of the skin and its excessive oiliness without inflammation - on the scalp it is dandruff, and on the face and chest - accumulations of fatty scales in the skin folds - near the wings of the nose, in the nasolabial fold, on the bridge of the nose , less often - on the chest and back. Oily scales soaked in sebum serve as a good breeding ground for the development of lipophilic fungi Malassezia furfur or Pityrosporum ovale. In turn, the immune system reacts to them with the development of allergic dermatitis, the disease enters its second, more unpleasant phase, and ceases to be limited to mild manifestations. There are itching, burning, at first mild, then more intense reddening of the skin, severe peeling, hair loss. The manifestations of the disease are aggravated by the patients themselves - constant combing, attempts to remove crusts, remove accumulations of scales from the hair, the use of "folk" remedies, and the most powerful ones, inevitably lead to increased redness, the appearance of scratches and wounds, the multiplication of other microbes, the development of complications pustular process. Usually in this condition, patients turn to a dermatologist, although everything could be corrected much earlier.

With any manifestation of the disease, attention should be paid to the diet. Sometimes its correction is enough to prevent further development of the disease. Alcohol, sweets and starchy foods should be limited, regardless of the type of food. With itching and inflammation, smoked, salty, pickled foods, spicy seasonings, strong broths, instant coffee, citrus fruits, kiwi, pineapples and juices from them are also temporarily limited.

Treatment depends on the stage of development and the clinical picture of the disease. With the appearance of dandruff without the presence of inflammation, you can limit yourself to only external treatment, in more serious cases, internal treatment is also necessary. External treatment includes keratolytic, glucocorticosteroid, antiseptic, disinfectant and antifungal agents. Antifungal drugs usually start treatment, they can be used for a long time without the risk of side effects. Various dosage forms are used - creams, gels, shampoos. Shampoos with antifungal substances - Nizoral, Keto-plus, Perkhotal, Mycozoral, Sebozol contain 1-2% ketoconazole. Tee/Jel anti-dandruff shampoo contains 0.75% piroctone olamine and 2% salicylic acid. Creams and gels are applied 2 times a day, shampoos - 3 times a week. Various other medicinal substances that also have antifungal properties include zinc pyrithionate, tar, sulfur, resorcinol, and selenium disulfide. Drugs containing these compounds are available in the form of shampoos for the treatment of dandruff (Friderm-tar, Ti / Gel-Nyutar, Friderm-zinc) and ointments for the treatment of smooth skin lesions (Skin-cap, birch tar, tar and sulfur-tar ointment ). Prescription forms are also used: Vidal's milk, alcohol solutions with sulfur, boric acid, tar. After hair treatment, it is obligatory to change combs and hair brushes, hats.

With severe inflammation, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and disinfectants are used. With wetting and severe swelling of the foci, lotions with resorcinol 1%, decoctions of herbs are used. The crusts are usually lubricated with alcohol solutions (salicylic, resorcinol, boric alcohols). Corticosteroids have a rapid anti-inflammatory effect - they are used on the head in the form of solutions - Elokom, Diprosalik (Schering-Plough USA), Lokoid (Janssen-Silag Belgium), Belosalik (Belupo, Croatia), on seborrheic zones - in the form of ointments and creams - Elokom, Diprosalik, Belosalik, Hydrocortisone ointment. It should be noted that only non-fluorinated glucocorticosteroids in the form of easily absorbed creams and emulsions (Advantan emulsion, Elokom cream, Lokoid cream) or weak (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone) ointments can be used on the skin of the face, which is much thinner than in other areas. Preparations of this group are not suitable for long-term use due to the risk of undesirable effects - thinning of the skin, vasodilation, the appearance or intensification of acne. When it is possible to remove acute inflammation (usually in 3-5 days), and with residual peeling, they are replaced by preparations containing vitamin A - emulsion-based ointments Videstim ® , Radevit ® (FNPP Retinoids, Russia). It is known that vitamin A (retinol palmitate) reduces sebum secretion by reducing the size of the sebaceous glands and keratinization, and also has the properties of a local immunomodulator. Videstim ® contains 0.5% retinol palmitate on an emulsion basis, Radevit ® contains 1% retinol palmitate, ergocalciferol and tocopherol acetate (vitamins A, D and E). Drugs are used for a long time, including for the purpose of preventing relapses. In recent years, the local immunomodulator pimecrolimus, supplied to Russia under the name Elidel, has also been used in the treatment. Keratolytic agents are used for severe peeling and crusting. Apply sulfur-salicylic ointment 2-5% 1.5-2 hours before washing the hair under a scarf, on the face - 1 hour before washing, 10% urea ointment Karboderm (Ukraine). A particularly good effect is brought by combined preparations that combine the keratolytic properties of salicylic acid and anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroids - Diprosalik, Belosalik. Internal remedies include vitamin A (retinol palmitate) in a daily dose of 100,000–200,000 IU (once at night for 2 months), B vitamins, in particular brewer's yeast (“Merz” Germany and domestic companies), brewer's yeast with the addition of zinc and selenium Nagipol, multivitamin-mineral complexes, preparations with selenium (Selevit, Triovit), zinc (Zincteral). To reduce fat formation in women, hormone therapy (Diana-35, Janine) and antiandrogens (Androkur) are used - see above. Despite successful therapy, the disease often recurs. A rational approach to diet and a careful selection of skin and hair care products are necessary to maintain a favorable treatment result for as long as possible.

prof. IN AND. Albanova

Oily skin is one of the most common skin types, characterized by excessive activity of the sebaceous glands, rough, loose texture with enlarged pores, unhealthy color and oily sheen. It should be noted that this is one of the four existing types of dermis, i.e. variant of the norm, and not as a separate disease.

Very often, comedones (black dots), acne, sebaceous gland cysts, seborrhea appear on such skin, i.e. there is a tendency to these negative phenomena, but oily does not mean problem skin, with proper care, all these troubles can be avoided.

Oily facial skin - causes

• genetic predisposition. In this case, the dermis does not change throughout life and remains oily, but there are few such cases, only 5-8% of all cases.
• Adolescence. Most often, teenagers are the owner of this feature, but by the age of 25-30, oily skin becomes combined.
• Increased work of the sebaceous glands. This may be due to hereditary predisposition, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (cholecystitis, colitis, constipation), hormonal changes, nutrition (passion for spicy, fatty, starchy foods, alcohol, soda), work at elevated temperatures and dust, exposure to cigarette smoke, sun radiation.
• Hormonal causes. Oily skin is characteristic of puberty, the second phase of the menstrual cycle, menopause, pregnancy, and prolonged stressful situations. It also happens against the background of hormonal treatment or long-term use of oral contraceptives, as well as a sharp cessation of hormones.
• Endocrine Disorders. With hypothyroidism, there is a general dryness of the skin and oily dermis on the face.
• Violation of immunity. A decrease in the body's immune defenses can also be manifested by this symptom.
• Improper hygiene care: aggressive cleansing of the skin with alcohol-containing cosmetics and scrubs, constant degreasing of problem areas, the use of oily creams, etc. Removal of the superficial lipid layer leads to even greater compensatory work of the sebaceous glands. Frequent peeling injures the epidermis and activates the production of sebum, which is produced to protect the damaged surface. Oily creams clog pores even more and mix with sebum. Therefore, the answer to the question of why the skin of the face is oily, you should start looking for yourself.

Diseases in which oily skin is one of the symptoms:

• diabetes mellitus is a polysystemic pathology that affects all organs and systems;
• cachexia, wasting in women- lack of building material for the synthesis of female hormones, against which the level of male hormones rises;
• obesity - oily skin as a result of malnutrition and excessive sweating;
• ovarian tumors, polycystic ovaries- the phenomenon, again, is a consequence of an increased level of male hormones;
• hyperandrogenism in men- an increased level of male hormones in representatives of the strong sex against the background of bodybuilding, sports and the use of synthetic testosterone for muscle growth;
• hypertrichosis - a disease characterized by excessive hairiness and changes in hormone levels, which, again, causes oily skin;
• liver diseases, such as fatty degeneration, hepatitis, since the liver performs an intoxication function, including removing excess hormones. A characteristic feature is oily skin of the nasolabial folds and forehead.

When to See a Doctor

Actually, a doctor should be consulted in all cases when such a symptom arose for no apparent reason, especially in adulthood. All complications require treatment - boils, carbuncles, phlegmon.

The fact is that sebum is an excellent breeding ground for the development of bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus, propionobacteria and streptococcus. By causing local inflammatory processes, actively multiplying, bacteria can affect healthy tissues and spread throughout the body, causing an extensive infectious process that can be fatal.

Characteristics of oily and combination skin

Localization

Most often, these are T-zones on the face: forehead, chin and nose. On the body - the back and chest. Often accompanied by oily hair.

Appearance

Oily, thickened, rough, untidy and glossy and uneven surface of the skin, with a grayish, dull color. Often, the appearance resembles an orange peel - the pores are clearly visible and, with proper care, are almost gaping or filled with liquid fat. With insufficient or improper care, clogging of pores occurs - comedones are formed, as well as blackheads and milia. Possible phenomena of seborrhea and taleangiectasia.

Oily skin has its advantages: the constantly present natural oily mantle protects the skin from adverse external influences, prevents photoaging and loss of elasticity. It has been proven that people with this type of dermis age more slowly - wrinkles appear later and are less noticeable.

What to do for those with oily skin

• First of all, the negative impact of aggressive and unsuitable cosmetics and cleaning methods, which we talked about above, in the causes of the problem (alcohol-containing products, frequent peeling, etc.) is excluded to the maximum.
• Fatty, fried, salted, smoked, pickled and sweet are excluded from the diet or at least limited.
• The basis of the diet should be lean fish, white meat, veal, vegetables, fruits, bran.
• In no case should you go to bed with decorative cosmetics on your face. Ideally, you should clean your face immediately after returning home.

How to get rid of oily skin on the face - treatment

The solution to this problem is always complex, and there is no universal pill that would normalize the condition of the skin. Treatment always begins with a blood test (for sugar, hormones), a study of hereditary predisposition, anamnesis, etc.

How to care for oily skin

Daily care has several goals:

• removal of excess sebum (but not overdrying);
• opening and cleansing of pores;
• decrease in the activity of the sebaceous glands.

Oily skin care can be divided into professional, which is carried out in beauty salons and beauty parlors, and home, accessible to everyone.

Home remedies for oily skin

Like any other type, oily skin needs to be cleansed, moisturized and nourished.

• 2-3 times a week should be washed with a special mousse, foam or gel for oily skin. These products have a sebum-regulating and cleansing effect, eliminate inflammation without overdrying.
• When cleaning, do not use various washcloths, sponges, as well as alkaline soap and too hot water. Initially, the effect will be very good, and the cleansed dermis will delight with haze. But after 10-15 minutes, the oily sheen will appear again, because. both hot water and mechanical action further stimulate the activity of the sebaceous glands. It is ideal to do everything with fingertips or a cotton pad, without fanaticism, using warm or cool water.
• Instead of water, you can use an infusion of herbs: chamomile, mint, nettle, lime blossom, or use bottled water.
• After washing, the face is dried naturally and treated with a suitable tonic or lotion.
• The final step is to apply a cream for oily or combination skin. A good cream has a light texture, absorbs quickly, leaves no residue and should definitely protect against UV radiation.
• Deep cleansing - peeling - can be done once a week. But for cleansing, it is not recommended to use scrubs in the form of compounds that need to be applied to the cover and actively massaged. It is better to use film masks that effectively remove fat, dead epithelium, dirt, without injury and activation of the sebaceous glands.
• 1-2 times a week, you can make homemade masks for oily skin from green or blue clay, which have an adsorbing effect, as well as fruit masks based on apples, kiwi, with the addition of lemon juice, which help normalize the sebaceous glands. The oil from the slurry of raw potatoes has a positive effect.
• A good effect is provided by weekly lotions with sea salt, which are made on the basis of melt water (1 tsp of salt per 500 ml of water) and kept for 5-10 minutes.
• With special care, you should choose decorative cosmetics, especially foundation and makeup base - products should also be light, quickly absorbed and easy to rinse off. It is best not to use foundations and powders.
• During the day, you can not touch your face with your hands, because. dirt and bacteria from their surface easily penetrate into the pores and exacerbate the situation.

Salon care procedure includes the following steps:

• make-up removal using special bactericidal emulsions;
• cleansing and toning with tonics and lotions;
• deep cleansing of the skin of the face and elimination of hyperkeratosis by one of the methods:
  • Enzymatic peeling - cleansing with a special enzymatic composition that breaks down dead particles of the epithelium and pollution;
  • Disincrustation - galvanic cleaning using special solutions that thin out old comedones and blackheads;
  • Vaporization - gentle exposure to a jet of steam at 40-50 C for 20 minutes, which leads to the opening and cleansing of pores, softening of dead epithelium;
  • ultrasonic cleaning- exposure to ultrasonic waves to cleanse desquamated epithelium, comedones. Ultrasonic waves also carry out micromassage, activating blood circulation, increasing tone;
  • Instrumental cleaning- cleansing the skin from comedones, black and whiteheads with the help of tools - Uno spoons, loops, Vidal needles. In rare cases, a special brush is also used, but selectively, in the most clogged areas;
  • Chemical cleaning- the use of a gel with glycolic acid, which allows you to remove superficial "plugs", tighten pores, and normalize the activity of the sebaceous glands;
• application of ampoules, various serums;
• gentle facial massage (according to Jacquet, lymphatic drainage);
• applying a mask that has anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, sebum-regulating, keratolytic and immunomodulatory effects;
• applying a special cream.

From hardware cosmetology, darsonvalization, chromotherapy, ultraphonophoresis, non-invasive mesotherapy, mud applications, biorevitalization, cryomassage have a good effect. These methods dry the skin, improve microcirculation and tissue nutrition, and also reduce the activity of the sebaceous glands.

At the end of the session, the beautician should advise the means and methods for home care and determine the frequency of salon procedures.

Medical treatment for oily skin

Preparations containing the following active substances are used:

• Azaleaic acid– antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and exfoliating action;
• Zinc - keratolytic effect;
• Sulfur - suppresses the secretion of the sebaceous glands;
• D-Panthenol, dexpanthenol- recovery after physiotherapy, cleansing, normalization of cell metabolism;
• Adapalen - prevention of the formation of comedones, anti-inflammatory effect;
• Benzoyl peroxide- exfoliating effect, promotes cell renewal;
• Copper is a regulator of sebum production;
• Isotretinoid - splits the stratum corneum and inhibits fat synthesis;
• Bacteriocins and pyocyanins- metabolic products of microorganisms that increase the immune properties of the dermis and participate in its regeneration;
• Vitamins PP and group B- have a beneficial effect on the condition of the dermis, blood circulation and fat metabolism.

hormone therapy

It is prescribed for menopause (Livial, Divina, etc.), hormonal imbalance (Belara, Yarina, etc.) for course treatment (see).

Antibacterial treatment

As a rule, antibiotics are not prescribed either locally or systemically, but only in case of bacterial and purulent complications. For local treatment, antiseptics and exfoliating preparations are used.

Phytotherapy

It is prescribed for local use. Concentrated plant extracts are diluted in cool boiled water and used as a lotion for rubbing after cleansing procedures.

• Chamomile extract. It has an antiseptic, cleansing and softening effect. Reduces inflammation.
• Sage extract. It is characterized by a calming, regenerating, bactericidal effect.
• Calendula. Heals damage, has a regenerating effect.
• Oak bark - tannic, drying effect.
• Green tea extract. It has an antioxidant effect, cleanses the surface of the dermis from toxins.

oil for oily skin

The oil is used instead of a night cream, applying it in a thin layer on the cleansed surface. It would seem, how can fatty oil in itself improve the condition of the dermis? Oil formulations help cleanse clogged pores from dirt and solid fat, regulate sebum production, and help cell regeneration.

• hazelnut oil- a basic base that can be used without additives or with the introduction of other oils. Cleanses, tightens pores, smoothes and restores the skin;
• Grape seed oil- moisturizes the skin and tightens pores;
• black currant oil- has antibacterial activity, maintains skin elasticity, tones it.
• Sesame oil - normalizes the activity of the sebaceous glands, tightens pores.
• Almond oil- cleanses pores, reduces redness.
• Tea tree oil- relieves acne and normalizes the biocenosis of the dermis.
• Lavender oil - mattifies the skin, has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

Hazelnut oil is taken as a basis (50% of the mixture) and other oils from the list above are added to it by 10%. You can also use essential oils (sandalwood, juniper, bergamot, grapefruit, cedar), but they should be added 1-2 drops to the base oil mixture.

With proper care and a healthy lifestyle, oily skin ceases to be a problem, but rather turns into dignity, preserving the external youth of the face and protecting it from adverse external influences.

Increased oily skin worries many girls who are thinking about how to normalize the sebaceous glands. This problem is not only a cosmetic defect, but also a sign of diseases in the body.

The sebaceous glands are located throughout the human body. In the area of ​​the face, forehead, nasolabial triangle, on the head, their work is most active. As a result of improper functioning of the sebaceous glands, excess fat is produced on the face. Excess fat provokes the formation of acne, gives the skin an ugly shine and creates other problems.

The main reasons causing increased fat secretion, experts include both internal and external factors.

• Hormonal disbalance. Hormonal disturbances or changes in their levels during puberty increase the activity of the glands. In women in adulthood, this is noted in the second half of the menstrual cycle.
• UV exposure. According to the research of modern scientists, under the influence of direct ultraviolet radiation, the work of the sebaceous glands is disrupted. The top layer of the skin thickens, which leads to clogged pores and the appearance of cosmetic defects.

• Disruption of the immune system. Increased production of fat on the skin of the face contribute to thyroid disease, diabetes, ovarian dysfunction, overweight.
• Wrong nutrition. The presence in the menu of fatty foods, fast food leads to disruption of the digestive tract and increased production of fat by the sebaceous glands.
• Wrong care. Non-compliance with the rules of hygiene, the selection of cosmetic products that are not suitable for the type of skin, lead to increased oiliness of the skin.

To restore the normal functioning of the glands allows an integrated approach to the problem.

Diet to normalize the functioning of the glands

Changing the diet is the first thing to do to reduce the activity of the sebaceous glands.

The following foods should be excluded from the diet:

• carbonated drinks;
• alcoholic products;
• fatty, fried, spicy;
• smoked and canned foods;
• products containing dyes, flavors and flavor enhancers;
• bakery and confectionery products;
• strong coffee and black tea.

The following products should be present in the menu in greater quantities:

• fresh vegetables and fruits according to the season;
• dairy and dairy products;
• cottage cheese;
• lean meat;
• cereal porridge.

The condition of the skin is positively affected by the use of red fish, sauerkraut, fresh herbs, nuts. From drinks recommended green tea, herbal decoctions, pure water.

Effective pharmaceutical preparations

Pharmaceutical products differ in a wide variety both in terms of the principle of action and in price category.

When choosing cosmetics that allow you to improve the condition of the skin, experts recommend using products from the same series.

• La Roche Posay. The company offers products to reduce the activity of the sebaceous glands. At the moment it is a favorite among similar products. Thermal water is the main ingredient. The brand produces a wide range of products that improve the functioning of the sebaceous glands and reduce skin greasiness. Of these, the Preparation for washing - Effaclar Gel and a special mask Effaclar to control the production of fat and narrow pores are distinguished. Also in the series is a preparation for skin toning, makeup removal and moisturizing.

• Avene. Another popular company that produces a wide range of products for oily skin. The most famous remedy is the Cleanance gel. It is suitable for young skin prone to acne. In addition to it, there is a sebum-regulating cream.

• Vichy. Well-known cosmetics for the care of problematic and oily skin. The company has released a separate line of products that restore the functioning of the sebaceous glands - Normaderm. It consists of a washing gel, mask, lotion, day cream.

• Retinoic ointment. A drug for a quick effect. Differs in low cost. Apply to problem areas twice a day. Effective for acne and rashes, normalizes the sebaceous glands. The course of application is no more than 1 week.

In case of acne caused by clogged pores, Zinc, Salicylic ointment, Chlorhexidine, Salicylic-zinc paste, Aspirin tablets, vitamins A, E effectively help.

How to reduce fat formation on the face: folk methods

Not only the pharmaceutical preparation has a positive effect on the functioning of the sebaceous glands. At home, decoctions of medicinal herbs and recipes from natural ingredients allow you to restore the condition of the skin.

• Clay mask. The recipe uses grape puree and 2 teaspoons of clay (white, blue or pink). The ingredients are combined and applied to cleansed skin. Leave to dry completely, then remove with warm water.

• Decoction of medicinal herbs. For daily use, prepare a decoction of herbs. Chamomile, calendula, horsetail are brewed in a glass of water. The resulting decoction is wiped or rinsed with a face. Medicinal herbs relieve inflammation, improve complexion, narrow pores. In addition to rinsing, the decoction is used to make ice cubes that rub the skin.

• Nettle compress. For cooking, use a tablespoon of dry nettle in a glass of boiling water. The resulting broth is infused for an hour. Then they take clean gauze and moisten it in nettles. The resulting compress is applied to the skin for 10 minutes.

• Starch mask. For the recipe, a tablespoon of potato starch, a teaspoon of lemon juice and 3 teaspoons of kefir are used. The ingredients are thoroughly mixed and applied to the skin for 15 minutes.

In addition to the recipes listed, oatmeal masks, lime, lemon or cucumber juice tonics help well. A preparation based on vitamin A or E is added to natural ingredients.

Features of oily skin care

Increased production of fat is associated with improper skin care techniques. For this reason, a change in hygiene rules and the selection of suitable cosmetics help to regulate processes.

Normalization of the work of the glands is possible if a number of rules are observed.

• Minimize negative effects on the skin. Alcohol-containing products, fatty creams and frequent scrubbing should be excluded from everyday life.
• Regular care. It includes daily makeup removal before bedtime, cleansing, moisturizing and nourishing the skin.
• Competent selection of cosmetic products. Cosmetic products are selected depending on the type of skin. For cleansing, gels, mousses and foams with anti-inflammatory action are used.

• The right choice of decorative cosmetics. Tonal foundations are selected with a light texture, powders - with a matting effect. It is not recommended to use cream textures for blush or shadows.
• Application of folk recipes. In addition to regular care with cosmetic products, it is recommended to use folk recipes. They include rinsing the face with infusions of chamomile, horsetail, nettle, linden.
• Diet correction. Increased greasiness of the skin contributes to malnutrition. The menu should include lean meats and fish, fresh vegetables and fruits, cereals. It is recommended to minimize the consumption of sweet, starchy, fatty, alcoholic products.

Compliance with the rules of care can significantly reduce the risk of skin problems resulting from improper functioning of the sebaceous glands.

In half the cases, the glow of the face appears during a hormonal surge in adolescents, when puberty occurs. Both girls and boys want to eliminate fat at this time in order to remain attractive to others. If the skin has become loose and shines with the brilliance of the face in another period of life, it is worth thinking about the reasons for the changes. Among the common ones, one should mention excess weight, vegetovascular dystonia, the use of the wrong type of cosmetics, excessive passion for peeling and similar procedures, severe and prolonged stress, malfunction of organs or metabolic disorders. Also, the problem is inherited at the genetic level.

Provocateurs characteristic of women:

• pregnancy;
• hormonal changes during menstruation;
• unregulated use of contraceptives;
• menopause;
• ovarian diseases, provoking increased production of androgens.

Causes expressed in men:

• excessive or prolonged use of anabolic steroids for muscle building;
• testicular tumor.

Men have increased fat content due to a larger number of sebaceous glands, they are less likely to experience dryness and flaking. Also, the stronger sex often develops seborrhea. This is not a disease, but an imbalance in the processes of sebum secretion, when its quantity has increased, and its quality has deteriorated. Seborrhea (or seborrheic dermatitis) is diagnosed if the teenage period is far behind, and acne, pimples and blackheads are not going to disappear or, on the contrary, suddenly appear and the face is shiny. The situation is aggravated by junk food, for example, spicy, salty and sweet dishes, as well as the lack of regular facial care.

How to properly care?

A face full of sebum needs regular care. Without fail, to reduce oiliness, clean it in the morning and evening with a special lotion or tonic. Cosmetics should be selected specifically for your skin: milk or cream intended for moisturizing and nourishing will only do harm, increasing greasy shine and clogging pores. A good help to reduce the amount of fat will be ice cubes. Rubbing twice a day, excess fat is washed off with melt water, toning and refreshing.

In the fight against excess fat, you need to follow the rule - no alcohol! Any cosmetics based on it will aggravate the situation. From alcohol, the already wide pores on the face increase in size, absorbing dust and dirt, causing the skin to become inflamed. It is necessary to squeeze out acne and blackheads not when you want, but having prepared. The situation will be corrected by folk remedies to reduce the amount of fat. The procedure is not recommended to be done more than once a week, before that, thoroughly steam the face with a bath with a decoction of chamomile or string. After extrusion, the surface should be wiped with ice cubes and a clean cloth to remove excess fat and prevent infection.

Cosmetics do not adhere well to the greasy cover, so choose it according to the durability that suits your type. Before applying, the face must be degreased and dried, otherwise it is useless to do makeup. Be sure to wash everything off in the evening, because mascara or shadows smeared in a dream that get into the pores can provoke inflammation. During the night, the skin should rest at home from the dust and dirt that sticks in the course of daytime activities. When reducing fat content, the main thing is not to overdo it, so that the sebaceous glands do not begin to work even more intensively.

When to go to the doctor?

It is advisable to consult a doctor in any case, but if temporary fat content is eliminated at home, then some points should be alerted. Skin with excess fat becomes a breeding ground for bacteria, being an excellent environment for Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus and propionobacteria. From a small inflammatory process, an extensive one often develops, spreading to the entire body, even a fatal outcome is possible.

Oily skin is one of the symptoms of many diseases that need to be detected as early as possible:

• diabetes mellitus, which extends to all systems of the human body;
• obesity - from malnutrition and increased sweating;
• liver diseases, for example, hepatitis or fatty degeneration, since disturbances in its work do not allow excess hormones to be released, which is the culprit for the increased functioning of the sebaceous glands;
• tumors or polycystic ovaries, emaciation in women, resulting in increased male hormones;
• hyperandrogenism in men - excess hormones appear with excessive sports loads or a passion for synthetic testosterone;
• hypertrichosis - an excessive amount of hair due to increased hormone levels.

Drug treatment includes taking drugs to normalize the level of hormones and stabilize it, it is carried out in a course according to indications. Means prescribed by a doctor contain a number of recovery substances:

• zinc - has a keratolytic effect;
• dexpanthenol - cleanses and normalizes the epidermis after physiological procedures;
• copper - regulates the amount of fat entering the surface;
• sulfur - helps to reduce the production of fat;
• azelaic acid - exfoliates dead skin cells, prevents inflammation and bacterial growth;
• vitamins of group B and PP - normalize fat metabolism, restore blood circulation, healthy color.

In no case should you start taking advertised drugs on your own in order to reduce fat content. Before starting treatment, it is imperative to do tests and make sure that this remedy does not harm your skin.

Recipes for home care

If the increased work of the sebaceous glands is not a symptom of the disease and does not appear suddenly, then you can improve the appearance of the face at home with the help of folk remedies.

1. You can make herbal infusions on your own, which will have a beneficial effect on the skin and cleanse it of fat. To do this, take 1 tsp. dry yarrow or sage, pour boiling water and insist for 30 minutes. In addition to cleansing, herbal infusions disinfect and help eliminate inflammation.

2. Narrows the pores of the clay mask. To prepare, take 2 tbsp. l. black clay purchased at a pharmacy, and fill it with a glass of warm water. After a couple of hours, the consistency will become homogeneous, and the composition is applied to the face. Wash off with water after 20 minutes. It will not only help reduce pores, but also absorb all the black dots.

3. Such a folk remedy as aloe can reduce oily sheen. Cut a leaf of the plant and wipe your face with juice, rinse with cool water after 15 minutes. Green tea with jasmine extract has the same effect. It is enough for them to wipe the skin twice a day. An infusion of bay leaves is also suitable. Just brew a pinch in boiling water, cool, strain and wipe the face with the resulting infusion.

4. Once a week, it does not hurt to do a general cleansing mask. Mix 1 tsp. cream with 1 tsp. lemon juice. The resulting product is applied for 20 minutes, after which it is washed off with water. Skin gets deep cleansing without the need for exfoliation.

5. For the same purpose, combine 10 g of yeast, 1 tsp. plantain juice and 3 tsp. curdled milk. Mix thoroughly until a homogeneous gruel is obtained, apply to large clogged pores to reduce the amount of fat. Leave on the face for 15 minutes, then remove in a circular motion under warm water, rinsing with cool water at the end.

If you follow certain rules for caring for oily skin, even at home, you can, if not eliminate, then significantly reduce imperfections, and give your face a healthy look.

Loose skin is an aesthetic problem that can occur.

Some people know firsthand about such a problem as dryness.

Basalioma is a malignant neoplasm on the skin. Face and neck.

Eyebrow microblading: description of the procedure and reviews

Ozone therapy for facial rejuvenation

Getting rid of the papillomavirus on the neck

The site materials are written to increase your awareness in the field of medical correction and aesthetic improvement of appearance. Only a doctor has the right to establish an accurate diagnosis, prescribe medications, and refer for surgery.

Do you want to receive updates?

Subscribe to not miss new posts

Excess sebum: causes and remedies

Sebum plays an important role - it protects our skin from pathogenic bacteria, and also protects it from the loss of excessive amounts of moisture. But it happens that the sebaceous glands produce an excess amount of sebum. Why is this happening and how to get rid of an unpleasant oily sheen?

There can be several reasons for the failure of the sebaceous glands.

· Improper nutrition. Usually, the change in the state of skin secretion directly depends on the amount of sweet and starchy foods in your diet. It is worth reducing the use of these products and the skin condition improves significantly.

Improper washing. It seems that by washing more often, we cleanse our skin of harmful bacteria and its condition should improve. However, this does not happen. The fact is that by our actions we make the sebaceous glands work more intensively. To maintain the skin in a normal state, two washes are enough: in the morning and in the evening. During the day, excess sebum can be removed with matting wipes.

Wrong rhythm of life. Blockages at work, loans, problems in personal life - all this has become the norm for a modern person. Meanwhile, frequent stress and overwork have a negative impact on the state of our body and especially on the condition of the skin.

Improper metabolism. Some diseases can cause metabolic disorders in the body. It is important to consult a specialist in a timely manner and not self-medicate.

After learning more about the causes of increased sebum production, let's talk about how to deal with it.

Decoctions of medicinal herbs help bring the skin into good condition due to the tannins contained in them, beneficial acids and trace elements. Wiping your face every morning with an ice cube made from a decoction of chamomile, calendula or green tea, you can improve skin tone and narrow pores in a short time.

Regular use of simple cosmetic masks will help significantly improve the condition of oily skin:

Mix blue clay with water until the consistency of sour cream. Apply to cleansed skin and keep for about half an hour. Rinse without using soap.

In a bowl, beat one egg with a couple of drops of lemon juice. Add oatmeal. Keep the resulting mixture on your face for 20 minutes.

Grind the cucumber to a pulp and mix with two tablespoons of aloe juice. Apply the mask with massaging movements and leave for 20 minutes. Wash off with cool water. Zucchini can be used instead of cucumber.

These tips really help to improve the condition of the skin. However, they fight only visible signs and give a temporary result. To normalize the work of the sebaceous glands, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the failure in the body. Remember that only a dermatologist should deal with this.

sebum

Be the first and everyone will know about your opinion!

• about the project
• Terms of use
• Terms of competitions

• Advertising
• mediakit

Mass media registration certificate EL No. FS,

issued by the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Communications,

information technologies and mass communications (Roskomnadzor)

Founder: limited liability company "Hurst Shkulev Publishing"

Editor-in-Chief: Viktoriya Zhorzhevna Dudina

Copyright (c) LLC "Hurst Shkulev Publishing", 2017.

Any reproduction of site materials without the permission of the editors is prohibited.

Contact details for government agencies

(including for Roskomnadzor):

at Women's network

Please try again

Unfortunately, this code is not suitable for activation.

How to reduce oily facial skin: 3 ways

Every girl strives to ensure that her face looks beautiful, and her skin is uniform, matte, clean. But not everyone can achieve this. Oily facial skin is becoming an increasingly common problem of modern girls. And it's not just an unpleasant greasy sheen. Oily skin is enlarged pores, a tendency to form comedones, acne, inflammation. Because of all this, you have to use a large amount of decorative cosmetics that mask defects. Under a thick layer of cosmetics, the skin fades, even more sebaceous fat is released, more and more new problems appear. To break this vicious circle, you need to act in stages. First, let's figure out why the skin of the face becomes oily.

Causes of oily skin

1. Increased activity of the sebaceous glands may be the result of hormonal changes in the body. That is why most often the skin becomes oily in adolescence - at the time of puberty. In addition, the sebaceous glands can be activated due to pregnancy, during menopause, before menstrual bleeding.
2. Sometimes the skin becomes oily due to malnutrition. A large amount of fatty, spicy, smoked and salty foods leads to malfunctions in the intestines, which will certainly affect the skin.

To find out the true cause of this cosmetic problem, you need to analyze the quality of your life, your diet, the time when excessive oily skin appeared. Try to understand what caused this condition. You may need to see a doctor for this. In the meantime, let's talk about how to care for oily skin in order to normalize the functioning of the sebaceous glands.

Oily skin care

Many of us try to take care of our facial skin, but we often make mistakes, due to which the condition of the epidermis becomes even more deplorable.

1. Girls with oily skin often wipe their face with alcohol-based tonics and lotions. This is fundamentally wrong. Alcohol dries out the skin, causing the pores to produce even more oil to get rid of that dryness. It is necessary to wipe the face with alcohol-containing compounds no more than a couple of times a week.
2. Oily skin types should not be exfoliated frequently. The constant removal of the keratinized layer of the skin leads to an increase in the work of the sebaceous glands.
3. Do not wash your face with hot water, this also leads to the active production of sebum. You need to wash with cool water - it will not only cleanse the skin, but also narrow the pores.
4. You should also not steam your face - this will open the already enlarged pores.
5. Use skin care products that suit your skin type. Oily cream clogs pores, causing them to clog, which invariably leads to oily skin and acne.
6. If the cause of increased fat content is hormonal, it is worth talking with your doctor about taking oral contraceptives. Their reception normalizes the hormonal background, some of them are prescribed even for men.
7. Try to eat right - less fat and starchy foods, more fresh fruits and vegetables. This will benefit not only your skin, but also your figure. To improve metabolism, drink decoctions of medicinal herbs.
8. To improve the appearance of the skin, you can use special matting wipes that can be used anywhere. In summer, do not forget to moisturize your skin with micellar water. This will save your face from an unpleasant oily sheen.

In addition, you need to monitor your face, regularly remove makeup in the evenings, use only high-quality cosmetics. By improving the quality of life and changing the principles of skin care, you can achieve good results.

Rubbing oily skin

Oily skin implies the presence of a thin layer of fat on the surface of the dermis, which casts an unpleasant sheen. To get rid of it, you need to wipe the skin with special compounds that can suppress the activity of the sebaceous glands.

One of the best cleansers for oily skin is apple cider vinegar. Dissolve three tablespoons of vinegar in a glass of water and wipe the skin with this composition several times a day. The effect of matte skin will be noticeable after a week of regular use. Store the prepared solution in the refrigerator, closed.

Herbal rubbing and washing very well help. Make a decoction of one or more herbs and wipe your face with it daily - in the morning and in the evening after removing makeup. Calendula will help get rid of acne and inflammation, the sequence will heal and dry open wounds, oak bark will suppress the activity of the sebaceous glands, nettle will put pores in order, plantain will cope with acne due to its antiseptic properties.

Another effective way to remove excess oil and narrow pores is to rub the skin with ice. In the morning, ice rubbing will invigorate the skin and relieve morning puffiness. And in the evening, ice will soothe the skin after removing makeup. Instead of plain water for freezing ice cubes, you can use herbal decoctions, cucumber water, fruit and berry juices. In addition, you only need to prepare the product once - then the finished ice cubes will always be at hand.

Masks for oily skin

There are many recipes that will help you make your skin matte and velvety.

1. Clay. Clay masks will help get rid of oiliness. Best of all, masks made of white, blue and black clay will cope with the problem. For greater effect, they can be bred not on water, but on a decoction of herbs.
2. Kefir, lemon and oatmeal. These components are widely used in the fight against the activity of the sebaceous glands. If you combine them in one mask, you get an incredibly effective remedy that will cope with even the most oily skin. Mix a tablespoon of warm yogurt with the juice of half a lemon. Add a handful of ground oatmeal to the mass to make a gruel. Apply to cleansed skin and leave on for 30 minutes. Oatmeal absorbs sebum, lemon dries and whitens the skin, kefir softens the effect of lemon and nourishes the skin with vitamins. The matte effect is noticeable after the first application.

Natural masks are not only effective and absolutely harmless. They are also easy to prepare, which makes them accessible to everyone.

Oily facial skin is not a reason to cover up with a huge amount of powder and create the effect of a “plastered” face. A few rules for caring for this type of skin, changing eating habits, folk recipes for masks and rubbing will help you eliminate this cosmetic defect. Use natural remedies to combat oily skin and be perfect!

Video: what to do if you have oily problem skin

Features of facial skin care after peeling

Acne on the cheekbones in women: causes and treatment

Is it possible to squeeze pimples on the face?

How to remove oily sheen from the face at home

Apple cider vinegar for face - benefits and uses

Acne on the forehead in women - causes and treatment

Wrinkles on the forehead: how to remove at home?

Spanish facial massage - technique

Send

No comments yet! We are working to fix it!

Russia is not only the largest country in the world in terms of territory, it is also the only state that is washed by 12 seas.

How to reduce the production of sebum on the face?

if the skin is inflamed, after each cleansing, blot it with toilet water, which contains alcohol. It will disinfect the skin and prevent the appearance of new inflamed areas. Lotions containing zinc oxide and salicylic acid are very useful. Zinc oxide slightly tightens pores and removes excess oil from the surface of the skin. Salicylic acid - an antibacterial agent - promotes the rapid healing of acne and makes the skin soft.

Regular use of exfoliators (two to three times a week) can prevent clogged pores and the appearance of pimples and blackheads. Tiny granules in these products cleanse the surface of the skin from dead cells and stimulate blood circulation. Exfoliators are best used in the evening, after cleansing the skin. Peeling gels are especially gentle and at the same time nourishing. While tiny grains remove "dirt" from the skin, the gel gives it a lot of moisture. As a result, the skin looks particularly smooth, soft and supple. Peeling products with the addition of nettle extract are very good. This anti-inflammatory agent is located inside tiny grains and is released after rubbing into the skin. The extract prevents the appearance of acne, blackheads and promotes their healing.

instead of greasy creams, it is best to use a light emulsion (hydrogel) from a series of anti-inflammatory care products. They contain very little fat (or none at all) and a lot of moisture. The emulsion is applied in the morning on cleansed skin and rubbed with fingertips.

Tea tree oil is an excellent remedy for inflamed skin. The method of its application is very simple: pimples and blackheads are moistened several times a day with a 5% oil solution. The effect is achieved within a few days.

it is very good to do steam baths 2-4 times a month, best of all in the evening before going to bed. Under the action of steam, the pores of the skin are cleared of black spots, the skin vessels begin to act more intensively. For the procedure, prepare a thick-walled vessel with a capacity of 2-3 liters, a terry towel, paper napkins and cream. Before making a steam bath, you should thoroughly cleanse the skin, and lubricate the eyelids with eye cream. At the bottom of the prepared vessel, pour a handful of dried chamomile or sage flowers if the skin is oily. Fill the vessel 3/4 with boiling water and place it on the table. Tilt your head over a vessel of water and cover yourself with a towel. Keep your face closed for about 10 minutes. After that, it is best to dry your face with a napkin with light blotting movements and rinse your face with boiled water at room temperature, adding a few drops of lemon juice to it to narrow the pores that have expanded during the steam bath.

How to reduce sebum production

Sebum is produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. It comes from glands in the skin and hair follicles. You will notice that your hair becomes greasy if you leave it unwashed for a few days. Through the pores, the hair follicle reaches the surface of the skin. There it mixes with other lipids, sweat, and forms a coating on the skin. This coating is called the acid mantle. The acid mantle protects the skin from bacteria and keeps the skin hydrated.

Sebaceous glands

Sebum is produced by the sebaceous glands. These glands are found throughout most of the body. With the exception of a few, the sebaceous glands open into the hair follicle. The density of the sebaceous glands changes. Sebaceous glands are more common on the forehead, chin, cheeks, and mid-back. They are thus found on common acne spots.

What does sebum do?

Sebum is part of the layer that covers the skin. Sweat, lipids, environmental pollution and other ingredients coat on the skin. This layer protects the skin from bacterial infection. It also reduces the natural loss of moisture from the skin's surface.

Video about sebum

Amount of sebum

Fat production increases suddenly during puberty. Salt production decreases with age in both men and women. In women, sebum production decreases significantly after menopause. Adult women produce less fat than men.

Salo and acne

Sebum is one of the main causes of acne. This is why most of us have acne outbreaks during puberty. When oil becomes blocked in the pores of the hair follicles, it forms acne. With a decrease in its production, acne can be treated. Fat production can be controlled with various drugs, mainly vitamin A derivatives and birth control pills.

Myths about sebum and the protective layer of the skin

Some people believe that drying excess lard with blotting oil will reduce lard production. This is wrong. In contrast, some believe that if you use products designed to control the protective layer of the skin, then this will increase the production of sebum. This is also not true. Drying the excess protective layer of the skin will only remove the surface fat. The use of skin barrier control products will not increase sebum production.

Sebum and skin odor

Sebum itself is odorless, but its bacterial breakdown produces an odor. Therefore, if you keep your skin clean and protect against bacteria with antibacterial soap, body odor can be avoided.

Recommendations and opinions published on the site are for reference or popular and are provided to a wide range of readers for discussion. This information is not a substitute for qualified medical care based on medical history and diagnostic results. Be sure to consult your doctor.

Remove sebum from the face

Oily facial skin is a consequence of disorders in the sebaceous glands. With unstable functioning, they cause abundant secretion of sebum, which causes an unpleasant oily sheen, blackheads, pimples and enlarged pores to appear on the face.

Oily skin is usually shiny

Too oily facial skin becomes a favorable environment for bacteria to live. The surrounding dust and dirt penetrates deep into the skin and infects it. Enlarged pores can not cope with a huge amount of harmful substances, and as a result, painful inflammation forms on the face. To avoid this situation, oily skin needs to be treated at an early stage.

Professional care is organized by a specialist - a dermatologist, but with abundant sebaceous secretion, it is better to contact an endocrinologist. By eliminating the root cause of the disease, you can make your skin healthy and beautiful.

You also need to take care of your face. To do this, you need to wash and choose the right cosmetics. Help restore skin health folk remedies.

In addition to the unaesthetic appearance, the patient has to endure a number of other problems:

• skin rashes;
• subcutaneous acne;
• uneven complexion;
• oily sheen;
• pain in the area of ​​​​acne and more.

Causes of oily skin

Oily skin treatment

Using fruits for skin treatment

To treat oily skin, you need to eat right and eat as many vegetables and fruits as possible, if there is no allergy. A large amount of pure water will improve the general condition of the body and normalize the skin of the face. In addition to nutrition, there are several ways to treat oily facial skin based on wiping compositions:

1. Tea tree oil has been considered one of the best remedies for oily skin for many years. Daily rubbing of the face with tea tree oil improves skin tone, moisturizes and soothes it. This composition is also effective for acne, herpes, redness.
2. Thermal waters serve not only to refresh on a hot day, but also to eliminate the abundant secretion of sebum. When exposed to thermal waters on oily skin, inflammation, elimination of oily sheen, and hydration are noticed.
3. For women and men over 40, facial sebum treatment is best from grape seed oil. In addition to moisturizing the skin, it has an antioxidant effect and improves elasticity.

Traditional means

Oily facial skin: home treatment consists of preparing lotions. Solutions from natural ingredients relieve skin inflammation and reduce oiliness:

• The composition of milk, lemon juice and boiled water reduces the secretion of sebum and, as a result, the formation of inflammation. The number of components is determined by parts: milk - 2 parts, lemon juice - 1, water - 0.5.
• Medicinal lemon balm, vodka and water eliminate impurities in the depths of the skin and normalize the complexion. The tincture is made up of 5 parts of vodka and 1 part of lemon balm. It is necessary to put the tincture in a dark place for 5 days, and then dilute it with the same amount of boiled water.
• Lemon juice (1 part) and glycerin (2 parts) diluted with water (4 parts) are good to use in the morning. The resulting lotion has a tonic effect and reduces oily skin secretions.
• Decoctions of chamomile, plantain, nettle or St. John's wort are recommended for daily wiping the face.

We use a decoction of nettle

“In general, lemon is a universal remedy in the fight against oily skin. But along with a good effect, it can cause corrosion of sensitive skin, so it must be used with great care. Cleansing the face with lemon helps with course treatments, while lemon juice should be well diluted with boiled water.

Facial skin treatment with professional cosmetics

The latest cosmetics are designed to fully treat oily skin. Properly selected cosmetics will improve the appearance of the skin and normalize the functioning of the sebaceous glands.

The main stages of cosmetic treatment are as follows:

1. Removal of decorative cosmetics and other foreign elements from the face.
2. Removal of dirt particles.
3. Complete cleansing of the skin with subsequent narrowing of pores.
4. Skin toning.
5. Nutrition and hydration.

After these stages, the skin becomes healthy. Depending on the type of skin, different compositions for cleansing are used. All components are aimed at healing, treating oily skin from the inside, so any overdrying, inflammation and irritation are excluded. Among the popular means are:

• Oxygen cosmetics restores the normal functioning of the sebaceous glands and fills the skin with essential nutrients.
• French cosmetics, such as Soskin, are rich in natural minerals that oily skin needs.
• Healing ointments and creams based on mud from the Dead Sea are considered among the best in restoring normal skin.

Oily skin care

Facial care requires more thorough and careful methods. The choice of cosmetic products is especially important, as they will be used most often during and after recovery.

Cosmetics should nourish the skin, moisturize and saturate it with useful components. Decorative cosmetics should also not cause allergic reactions that can provoke a disruption in the sebaceous glands. Treatment for oily facial skin and general care is as follows:

Cleanse the skin with a sponge

1. When choosing cleansers, it is important not to irritate the skin and not cause allergies to the main cosmetic ingredients. It is best to use formulations based on herbal ingredients.
2. Morning and evening washing should be carried out with warm, almost cool, water.
3. When washing with cleansing gels, you must follow the rules: no more than 2 times a day.
4. Oils based on grape seeds and tea tree nourish the skin well and make it beautiful and healthy.
5. With the formation of inflammation on the face, it is better to immediately contact a dermatologist to determine the cause of the disease. If these are the usual consequences of contact with a dirty surface, then you can eliminate acne yourself. But often rashes are a sign of a serious illness, in which standard facial cleansing will not help. In such cases, you need to start with cleansing the body of harmful substances, and only then engage in healing the skin of the face.
6. With very oily skin, acne on the face cannot be squeezed out. There are a lot of bacteria in the secreted sebum, which cannot be removed with one wash. When squeezing acne, microbes enter the open wound and infect the skin even more.

hhVqHRzS8zU

Food also needs to be controlled. Fatty and spicy foods are not recommended. The diet must include nuts, vegetables, fruits, uncooked fish, liver, boiled meat. At least at the time of skin treatment, fatty foods, sodas and fast food products should be abandoned.

Sebum plays an important role: it protects our skin from pathogenic bacteria, and also protects it from losing excess moisture. But it happens that the sebaceous glands produce an excess amount of sebum. Why is this happening and how to get rid of an unpleasant oily sheen?

How to get rid of excess sebum

Increased sebum secretion: causes

There can be several reasons for the failure of the sebaceous glands:

Improper nutrition. Usually, the change in the state of skin secretion directly depends on the amount of sweet and starchy foods in your diet. It is worth reducing the use of these products, and the skin condition improves significantly;

Improper washing. It seems that by washing more often, we cleanse our skin of harmful bacteria and its condition should improve. However, this does not happen. The fact is that by our actions we make the sebaceous glands work more intensively. To maintain the skin in a normal state, two washes are enough: in the morning and in the evening. During the day, excess sebum can be removed with matting wipes;

Wrong rhythm of life. Blockages at work, loans, problems in personal life - all this has become the norm for a modern person. Meanwhile, frequent stress and overwork negatively affect the state of our body and especially the condition of the skin;

Improper metabolism. Some diseases can cause metabolic disorders in the body. It is important to consult a specialist in a timely manner and not self-medicate.

After learning more about the causes of increased sebum production, let's talk about how to deal with it.

How to reduce sebum on the face

Decoctions of medicinal herbs help bring the skin into good condition due to the tannins contained in them, beneficial acids and trace elements. Wiping your face every morning with an ice cube made from a decoction of chamomile, calendula or green tea, you can improve skin tone and narrow pores in a short time.

Regular use of simple cosmetic masks will help significantly improve the condition of oily skin:

Mix blue clay with water until the consistency of sour cream. Apply to cleansed skin and keep for about half an hour. Rinse without using soap;

In a bowl, beat one egg with a couple of drops of lemon juice. Add oatmeal. Keep the resulting mixture on your face for 20 minutes;

Grind the cucumber to a state of gruel and mix with two tablespoons of aloe juice. Apply the mask with massaging movements and leave for 20 minutes. Wash off with cool water. Zucchini can be used instead of cucumber.

These tips really help to improve the condition of the skin. However, they fight only visible signs and give a temporary result. To normalize the work of the sebaceous glands, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the failure in the body. Remember that only a dermatologist should deal with this.