Nutrition in the second trimester of pregnancy. Nutrition for a pregnant woman in the second trimester: we will discuss the nuances and rules of the diet Healthy foods for pregnant women 2nd trimester

The second trimester of pregnancy is the “golden time” for the expectant mother. This is a period that is characterized by calmness and excellent well-being of the pregnant woman, which cannot be said about the first and third trimesters. Toxicosis is already over, and childbirth is not soon, but you shouldn’t relax at all - regular visits to the doctor, passing the necessary tests, and most importantly, proper nutrition - the expectant mother should pay due attention to all this.

What happens in the second trimester

The second trimester of pregnancy begins with the 13th and ends with the 24th week of pregnancy. At this time, the fetus begins to actively grow and gain weight. The baby’s internal organs are already formed and are slowly beginning their work. The cerebral cortex is formed, the pituitary gland begins to function. Only the respiratory system is still “sleeping,” but soon it will start working. In the fifth month, the pregnant woman begins to notice the first movements of the fetus. At this time, the baby reacts very sensitively to the emotional state of his mother: sadness or joy is transmitted to him. In the sixth month, the fetus begins to breathe and its immunity is formed. By the end of the second trimester, all his senses are already functioning. The final stage is ahead - preparation for childbirth.

Since the baby grows rapidly in the second trimester, the mother also has to eat more. You can’t stop your appetite at this time! It is believed that during pregnancy you cannot restrict yourself in anything, and even more so in food - this is a delusion! Over the entire period of bearing a child, a woman should gain a maximum of 10 kilograms. Any doctor will tell you that being overweight in an interesting position is fraught with edema and difficult delivery, not to mention the recovery of the body after childbirth. Therefore, if you do not want the problems listed above, take into account the following rules:

Don't skip breakfast

Many women refuse breakfast due to toxicosis. Firstly, it is harmful for the fetus, which was already without food for 8 hours while the mother was sleeping. Secondly, skipping breakfast will make you want to eat more for lunch, and overeating is a direct path to gaining extra pounds.

Don't eat at night

It is clear that a pregnant woman’s appetite is unpredictable, and nightly outbreaks of hunger are quite acceptable for a woman in this position. Therefore, if you really want it, you can have a night snack. But it shouldn’t be fried meat or a piece of cake - eat fruit at night, drink yogurt or kefir.

It is forbidden to go hungry

No diets or abstinence from food during pregnancy are acceptable! This will greatly harm the baby! A pregnant woman should eat 5-6 times a day, while receiving the necessary vitamins and minerals.

Refrain from catering and processed foods

As you know, the quality of food products and semi-finished products suffers, and if you do not want your child to receive harmful concentrates and additives through the placenta, completely abandon them.

Create a menu

A pregnant woman's diet in the second trimester should be balanced; The foods that the expectant mother eats at this time must contain the required daily intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. In order to know exactly what these products are, create a personal menu that includes everything that your local doctor recommends: cereals, soups, fruits, juices, etc. Calculate the required rate and, if possible, do not deviate from it. This way you can not only deliver the substances your baby needs for growth, but also control your weight.

Coping with constipation in the second trimester of pregnancy

In the second trimester of pregnancy, the belly begins to noticeably round - the baby is growing rapidly and gaining weight every day. For this reason, the uterus begins to put pressure on the intestines, which can cause venous congestion in the pelvic area and constipation. Another reason is the production of the pregnancy hormone progesterone, which stops intestinal activity. Constipation may be accompanied by hemorrhoids.

A special diet will help you cope with all these troubles. A pregnant woman needs to eat as much fiber as possible: carrots, cucumbers, apples, beets, wholemeal bread and dried fruits. Fermented milk products are also useful in this case. You can prepare an infusion of prunes: take 100 grams of dried fruit and pour two glasses of boiling water, adding a little sugar. Cover with a lid and let stand for 10 hours. You should drink half a glass of the infusion before meals. Infusions of chamomile flowers, mint leaves, caraway seeds and dill should be prepared if you are also worried about bloating.

To avoid constipation, try not to drink strong tea, coffee, chocolate, white bread, semolina, and blueberries. Do not eat dry food and try to do exercises - it promotes intestinal motility and good functioning.

I don’t want to, I won’t, or a change in taste preferences

Pregnancy is a time of changing taste preferences. Those foods that you just recently couldn’t stand have become your most favorite dishes. Physiologically, this can be explained by the fact that the mother’s body lacks any substances necessary for her child. Before pregnancy, the body did not react to the lack of any substance in the body - it could easily replenish it thanks to the food supplied to it. With the onset of pregnancy, a lack of any substance cannot go unnoticed: energy costs increase, and the amount of elements supplied with food is no longer enough for two. Therefore, the body “announces” a new portion of substances.

What do the taste preferences of the expectant mother indicate?

• If you want fish and seafood, your body doesn’t have enough phosphorus and vitamin D;

• Craving for chocolate, sweets, ice cream - lack of glucose;

• Milk, cottage cheese, kefir - too little calcium;

• Meat and nuts are not enough protein;

• Citrus fruits - lack of vitamin C;

• Apples, strawberries, strawberries, cabbage, beets - low in iron;

• Bananas, peaches, apricots, potatoes - there is a lack of potassium in the body;

• Legumes - urgently need zinc;

• Greens - need for folic acid;

• Salty foods - lack of sodium.

The whims of women in interesting situations are legendary. Only all these whims are justified and have a clear explanation: the body needs substances that the brain lets you know about - it sends signals along the nerve channels. This phenomenon is called “dominant pregnancy.” However, it is not uncommon for a woman, while pregnant, to want to eat something forbidden: chips, rolls, burgers from McDonald's. This is clearly not a “dominant pregnancy” - the brain cannot send signals about the lack of harmful substances. There is most likely a psychological reason here rather than a physiological one. Pregnancy for a woman is stressful, during which she becomes excessively irritable. What do women usually do when they feel stressed? Of course, they “seize” him. Chips, burgers, chocolate. For this reason, a pregnant woman has an irresistible desire to eat something harmful - to “eat up” the stress that pregnancy is for her. In this situation, unhealthy fast food is contraindicated for her - she should eat something else, healthy - fruits, yogurt, dried fruits. In this case, it is not recommended to think “If I eat a little, nothing will happen!” Even a tiny part of something harmful can lead to irreversible consequences. Therefore, it is better not to take risks.

Foods that should be limited in the second trimester of pregnancy

There are a number of foods whose consumption should be limited in the second trimester of pregnancy.

• Fatty foods: lard, fried foods will lead to excess weight.

• Pickles, sausages and smoked meats will put stress on the kidneys, which can cause swelling.

• Allergens: oranges, strawberries, mangoes.

• Coffee and chocolate reduce the absorption of calcium by the body.

• White bread will lead to constipation.

• Garlic and onion.

• Grapes, buns - can cause bloating.

• Foods rich in cholesterol: fatty sour cream, butter, beef liver, sausages, cakes, egg yolks - worsen liver function and help you gain extra pounds.

• Carbonated drinks.

• Liquid - contributes to the appearance of edema.

It is believed that if you are expecting twins, it means you will gain 2 times more extra pounds! And this is possible, but if you eat right during pregnancy, this can be easily avoided.

It is logical that if two babies are growing in the womb, then the daily calorie intake - 300 milligrams - needs to be multiplied by 2. Therefore, you need to calculate the menu based on these numbers. We also multiply all other components by 2:

• Proteins - 100 * 2 = 200 mg (meat, fish, eggs, cheese, legumes);

• Fats - 85*3 = 170 mg (vegetable oils);

• Carbohydrates - 350 * 2 = 700 mg (fruits, vegetables, grains, cereals);

• Calcium - 1100*2 = 2200 mg (dairy products, broccoli);

• Magnesium - 450 * 2 = 900 mg (nuts, legumes, millet, buckwheat);

• Phosphorus - 1650*2 = 2300 mg (seafood, cottage cheese, mineral water);

• Iron - 38*2 = 76 mg (meat, buckwheat, spinach);

• Zinc - 20*2 = 40 mg (meat, fish, dairy products);

• Iodine - 0.18*2 = 0.36 mg (fish, sauerkraut);

• Folic acid - 400 * 2 = 800 mg (greens, beans, nuts).

In addition to these products, you must take a vitamin complex prescribed by your doctor.

We determine the freshness and quality of products

During pregnancy, it is preferable to eat “country food” - fresh, natural products. However, not everyone has a vegetable garden and a cash cow, so you have to go to the store for an alternative. A pregnant woman needs to be especially careful about the quality of products, since the health, growth and development of her baby directly depend on this.

How to determine whether meat is fresh or not

• Tender meat from animals over 6 weeks old has a light pink or light red tint, as well as dense subcutaneous fat.

• The meat of animals under 5 years old has a rich red color and its fat is yellowish.

• Old animals have dark red meat and yellow, loose fat.

• Good meat will have a pale pink skin and will be firm and moist when cut.

• The smell of meat should be clean, without any impurities of rotting.

• If you press on the meat and the mark quickly disappears, the meat is fresh. In the same way, you can check the freshness of frozen meat - a bright mark should remain on the surface of the package after pressing.

• Re-frozen meat has bright red tendons and pinkish fat.

Is the fish fresh?

• Fresh fish has a characteristic sea or river smell, without acid or rotting impurities.

• The gills are light red, without mucus.

• The eyes are clean and transparent.

• The body of the fish should be elastic, the scales should be light and shiny, with a small layer of mucus.

• The abdomen should not be swollen.

• If you press on the body, the mark will quickly disappear.

• Fresh frozen fish have lighter gills than unfrozen fish and slightly sunken eyes.

• There should be no stains or damage on the body/

• A belly that is too round and a yellow or dirty gray color indicates that the fish is starting to spoil.

Cottage cheese

• Depending on the percentage of fat content, good, fresh cottage cheese has a shade from white to pale yellow.
• Good cottage cheese should be moderately moist - not dry, and with small lumps.
• The smell is slightly sour, without any rotting impurities.
• A musty smell and slipperiness indicate an expired product.

Milk

• Fresh milk should be rich and thick - just drop it onto your palm. If the drop is smooth and does not spread, the milk is fresh.
• Whole milk is bright white, diluted milk is clear and odorless.
• Fresh milk has a sweetish smell, while expired milk has a sour smell.

Yogurt

• Real, “live” yogurt does not last long: live bacteria live in it for only a couple of weeks.
• Pay attention to the date of the product: choose one that was manufactured most recently.

Butter

• Good butter is white or pale yellow in color.
• There should not be a bright yellow layer on the surface of the product - this is oxidized fat, which is very harmful to health.

Sour cream

• Fresh sour cream should be thick, homogeneous, with a white or ivory tint.
• The smell should be delicate and elusive; a sour, musty smell indicates the product is expired.
• There should be no lumps on the surface of the sour cream - this is a sign that it was frozen, and this is strictly forbidden to do with this product - it becomes unsuitable for food.

Eggs

• When exposed to light, there should be no dark spots on the surface of the egg.
• The freshness of this product can only be judged by the date indicated on the package.

Potato

• Potatoes are considered fresh in the second half of summer.
• If you see potatoes on the counter after the New Year, refrain from buying them. At this time, germination processes occur in its tubers, which is why it acquires toxic properties.

As you know from a popular joke, pregnant women have 3 states - sleep, food and food again. It's true - a woman in an interesting position always wants to eat. What can you pamper yourself with during this truly magical time?

• Seasonal fruits;

• Vegetables;

• Dried fruits;

• Juices;

• Dairy products;

• Some chocolate or sweets

• Berries, compotes.

Contrary to popular belief that you should not drink alcohol during pregnancy, we add: you can, but it depends on what kind. Brandy or whiskey, of course, is not allowed, but natural, homemade red wine is welcome! Just no more than two tablespoons. Harmful fast food in small doses won’t do much harm either. Therefore, if the expectant mother really wants chips or Coca-Cola, you can satisfy her whim, but remember not to get carried away. When else, if not during pregnancy, can you pamper yourself with various goodies without worrying about your figure?

A balanced diet contributes to the normal course of pregnancy and fetal development. A woman must adapt her diet to the needs of her growing body. What kind of diet is needed for pregnant women depends on the period, constitutional characteristics and health status of the expectant mother.

A woman’s diet should include a variety of foods containing proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins. The need for these essential substances depends on the individual characteristics of the body. The developing fetus needs proteins, and the pregnant woman’s body has insignificant reserves. They are the basis of cells, tissues, and metabolism is associated with them.

Squirrels

High-molecular compounds consist of amino acids, but only 20 are contained in nutrients. Proteins perform the following functions:

• construction;
• regulatory;
• catalytic;
• contractile;
• transport;
• protective.

During the period of bearing a child, a protein diet for pregnant women is optimal. It ensures normal development of the fetus and placenta. Thanks to protein nutrition:

• a woman is preparing for breastfeeding and childbirth;
• transport of nutrients occurs;
• immune protection of the pregnant woman from viruses and bacteria is provided;
• blood supply improves;
• swelling does not occur and blood thickening does not occur;
• bleeding and blood clots are prevented.

Food contains a huge variety of proteins, but their importance is unequal. It is preferable for pregnant women to eat animal products. The amino acid composition of egg whites is considered ideal. The expectant mother's diet should include meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. They are the main sources of protein.

Protein diet

Such nutrition during pregnancy does not harm the unborn child and maintains the woman’s normal weight. A protein diet for pregnant women differs from weight loss systems. It contains carbohydrates (porridge, vegetables). The diet of a pregnant woman includes the following products:

• meat (beef, lamb, turkey, rabbit, chicken);
• seafood;
• porridge;
• vegetable salads;
• fermented milk products (especially cottage cheese).

A pregnant woman should receive per day:

• 100-120 gamma proteins;
• 300-400 gamma carbohydrates;
• 80-100 grams of fat.

A protein diet for pregnant women requires 5 meals a day. Portions are divided as follows. At the first dose, the pregnant woman receives 30% of the calories of the daily diet. In the third - 40%, and in the second, fourth and fifth - 10% each. Nutrition according to this scheme is the best option.

The following products should be excluded from the menu:

• fast food;
• pastries and white bread;
• sweets;
• herring;
• mayonnaise;
• coffee and strong tea;
• mushrooms.

Menu

Sample diet during pregnancy.

1. The first breakfast consists of eggs and cheese.
2. For second breakfast, fruits, juices or dairy products are served.
3. Lunch consists of soups and hot dishes. The menu must include meat or fish, vegetables.
4. In the afternoon you can do without protein. We recommend juice, tea or a glass of kefir.
5. For dinner, meat or fish with vegetables is preferable.

Which cooking method is better? Steamer and grill. Frying is strictly prohibited, and boiling and stewing are not recommended. What fruits and vegetables are best to eat? Nutritionists say that preference should be given to products that are grown in our geographic area.

Diet for a week

A diet during pregnancy by day of the week may look like this:

• Monday.
  • For the first breakfast - muesli with milk or porridge with water and fruit.
  • The second breakfast consists of an apple and kefir. You can eat cottage cheese with apple, banana, dried apricots, prunes.
  • For lunch they offer a vegetable salad. Season it with vegetable oil. The first is soup or borscht. For the second course, we recommend vegetable stew, stewed or baked meat.
  • Afternoon snack: bun, yogurt.
  • For dinner, it is recommended to serve a steamed meat cutlet, mashed potatoes, an apple and green tea.
• Tuesday
  • The first breakfast consists of milk porridge and yogurt.
  • On the second, they offer a boiled egg and tea.
  • Lunch – porridge with meat, cheese, banana, white bread, juice.
  • The afternoon snack consists of cottage cheese casserole, yogurt and cocoa.
  • Dinner – steamed fish, vinaigrette, rose hip decoction.
• Wednesday
  • For the first breakfast, meat, apple or banana, and tea are recommended.
  • Second breakfast – cottage cheese and kefir.
  • Lunch consists of vegetable salad, soup, beans or lentils.
  • Afternoon snack – bun, kefir.
  • Dinner - meat, rice, rye bread, dried fruit compote.
• Thursday
  • Breakfast consists of cheese, bread and butter, grapes.
  • Second breakfast – cottage cheese, green tea.
  • For lunch they offer vegetable salad, borscht, meat, and dried fruit compote.
  • Afternoon snack – cottage cheese and apple.
  • Dinner consists of fish, vegetable salad and fruit juice.
• Friday
  • For the first breakfast, the following products are offered: boiled egg, fresh cucumber, white bread and kefir.
  • The second breakfast consists of cottage cheese and tea.
  • Lunch – vegetable salad, soup, fish, fruit drink.
  • Afternoon snack – cake, yogurt, tea.
  • For dinner, boiled meat, cheese, vegetables, and tea are recommended.
• Saturday
  • The first breakfast consists of cottage cheese and green tea.
  • Second breakfast – diet cookies and milk.
  • For lunch they offer vegetable salad with meat and soup.
  • Afternoon snack – bun, honey, yogurt.
  • Dinner consists of fish, banana and fruit juice.
• Sunday
  • Breakfast – muesli, apple and banana.
  • Second breakfast – yogurt, diet cookies.
  • For lunch they offer vegetable salad, fish with stewed vegetables, and soup.
  • Afternoon snack – cottage cheese, nuts, kefir.
  • Dinner – meat, vegetable salad, apple, honey, tea.

If a woman gains more than normal during this period, it is necessary to reduce caloric intake. There is a special diet during pregnancy with excess weight.

In the first trimester

In the first trimester, fetal organs are formed in the woman's body. During this period, good nutrition is important. The protein requirement in the first trimester is 1.5 g per 1 kg per day. Nutrition during this period of pregnancy is no different, but it must be balanced. In the first months, you can eat pickles and sauerkraut.

In the 1st trimester, do not increase the caloric content of food. The daily diet of a short woman weighing 50 kg during this period is 2100-2300 kcal. A pregnant woman often gains excess weight in this trimester, so you should not overeat.

Nutrition in the second trimester

At this stage of pregnancy, the fetus is actively growing. In the second trimester, caloric intake is increased to 2600 kcal. Avoid sweets (sweets, jam, condensed milk).

In the second trimester, you should not consume fats such as cream and sour cream. Limit salt intake to avoid swelling. It retains water in tissues and fat layers, and the woman gains weight. You should not add enough salt to your food if you have swelling. It is recommended to limit the consumption of foods that contain allergens (exotic fruits, citrus fruits, strawberries).

In the second trimester, fresh vegetables and fruits are included in the daily menu. A woman should be responsible for the food she eats. You need to carefully ensure that your daily diet includes foods containing vitamins A, B, and E.

Increase the consumption of vegetable fats. In the second trimester, a pregnant woman’s menu includes 2 tablespoons of vegetable oil daily.

Diet in the third trimester

Dietary nutrition is especially important in the third trimester. During this period, do not eat fried, salty, sweet foods. Fried and smoked foods are not food for a pregnant woman. Meat and fish are included in the diet in the first half of the day, and in the second half preference is given to dairy and plant foods.

In the third trimester, products containing vitamins, calcium, and iron are recommended. How the formation of the fetus and the course of labor will be completed depends on this. In the third trimester, pay attention to the calorie content of foods so as not to gain weight. There are special diets for weight loss.

Losing weight during pregnancy

During this period, some women indulge their weaknesses by consuming sweets that affect their weight. In order to lose weight during pregnancy, it is enough to eat right. The following products should not be included:

• chips, crackers, any fast food;
• roast;
• sweet;
• baking;
• carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, alcohol.

Food should be eaten in small portions 5 times a day. In order to lose weight, cook it by steaming or grilling. Plant foods must be included in the diet. It is necessary to eat sea fish. Those who want to lose weight should not forget about fruits. It is useful to include wholemeal bread in your daily diet. To lose weight, eat foods such as yogurt and kefir. It is enough to eat a few pieces of cheese a day.

Monitor your salt intake

Proper nutrition and an active lifestyle (walks, group exercises) are what a woman needs during pregnancy. All this will keep her physically fit, and she will not need to go on special diets to lose weight. If you are overweight, you can have fasting days (cottage cheese, apple, kefir) several times a week, but only with the permission of your doctor.

During pregnancy, a woman should monitor her salt intake. In everyday life, people add salt to their food. The sodium intake rate is 1–15 grams per day. For edema, a salt-free diet during pregnancy is recommended. If there is fluid retention in the tissues, avoid foods with added salt. The following products should be excluded:

• mayonnaise;
• ketchup;
• salted fish;
• sauerkraut;
• semi-finished products;
• kvass;
• salt mineral water.

For edema, it is recommended to prepare food yourself. It is healthy to eat apple and pumpkin salad. For edema, the diet should include foods that thin the blood - birch sap, onions. A pregnant woman's diet must include meat, fish, dairy products, fruits and vegetables. For edema, it is recommended to include foods with diuretic properties.

Fluid consumption in the 3rd trimester is justified. A pregnant woman's tissues almost always swell, but this should be controlled. Nutrition for edema should be correct. A salt-free diet helps in this case. If you have edema, you should not completely give up salt, but only limit its use.

The doctor will help the pregnant woman adjust her diet. She can create a menu for edema on her own. In this case, the menu should include:

• egg whites;
• cottage cheese;
• fish (seafood);
• meat;
• milk or kefir.

For swelling, eat 5 times a day.

A special diet may be prescribed for pyelonephritis in pregnant women. The following foods are prohibited on this diet:

• onion garlic;
• mustard;
• cocoa, tea;
• confectionery;
• mushrooms;
• spinach, sorrel, radish;
• legumes

Diabetes mellitus in a pregnant woman

Gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is a signal that you should definitely monitor your diet. Here are some dietary guidelines for gestational diabetes:

1. Eat food in small portions.
2. Eat at the same time.
3. For gestational diabetes mellitus, the diet includes porridge;
4. Vegetables and fruits are eaten.
5. If you have gestational diabetes, your diet must include whole grain products.
6. A patient with gestational diabetes mellitus needs to consume 1.5 liters of fluid daily.

With this disease, a pregnant woman must monitor her blood glucose levels. The amount of calories consumed for gestational diabetes is 25–30 per kilogram of weight. A diet for this disease is prescribed by a doctor. For gestational diabetes mellitus, the following foods are prohibited:

• easily digestible carbohydrates;
• fried foods;
• fatty foods;
• fast food.

The diet for diabetes includes the following foods:

• vegetarian borscht, or with weak broth;
• vegetable soups;
• meat (beef, lamb, chicken);
• fish (pike perch, pike, pollock);
• kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt, sour cream;
• rosehip, mineral water;
• fruits (sweet and sour).

The diet is agreed upon with an endocrinologist. Your daily diet should contain the same amount of carbohydrates. Meals for diabetes must be divided (up to 8 times). The diet includes plant fiber. For diabetes, up to 30 grams of sweetener per day is allowed. Limit salt intake (up to 4 grams). The doctor individually draws up a menu for a pregnant woman with diabetes.

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In the second trimester, the formation of the placenta is completed and the fetus is actively growing. For this, he needs vitamins and minerals.

This suggests that a woman should eat well and know which foods are prohibited and which should be included in the menu first.

You will learn about what the correct diet for a pregnant woman should be in the second trimester, the rules for creating a weekly menu and the basic principles of diet during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy from our review.

What it is

Pregnancy lasts 9 months; Mom and baby go through a difficult journey. Doctors divide the pregnancy period into 3 stages - trimesters, each of which is special and difficult.

Each trimester lasts several weeks and is approximately 3 months:

• 1st trimester: 1-13 weeks;
• 2nd trimester: 14-27 weeks;
• 3rd trimester: 28-42 weeks.

During the first trimester, conception and embryo formation occurs. Up to 4 weeks, a woman may not know about the birth of a new life. The fetus makes itself felt by delayed menstruation, nausea, and dizziness.

The second trimester is characterized by weight gain, an increase in fetal size. By this time, the baby is no longer a tadpole, but a little man capable of moving his arms and legs.

The third trimester is the most anxious and exciting. The baby is actively growing, developing, and gradually the body is preparing for childbirth. The last stages of the baby's formation are going through.

Features of a woman’s regimen by week (from 14 to 27)

During the period from the 14th to the 16th week of pregnancy, you need to switch to 6 meals a day. The expectant mother should get used to the fact that she has to eat for two, but overeating should be avoided so as not to face obesity.

Products must be boiled or baked before cooking. Raw vegetables are dangerous because they can cause intestinal diseases. You need to eat meat, fish, and dairy products regularly.

17-20 weeks are dangerous, because during this period pregnancy fading occurs. A woman should take special care of herself: avoid hypothermia, stress, and junk food. You should give your child as many useful substances and vitamins as possible.

The expectant mother should regularly eat vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, dairy products, nuts, and dried fruits. Nutrition during the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th weeks of pregnancy should be varied.

To avoid deterioration in health and the development of pathologies, you should forget about carbonated drinks, alcohol, smoked meats and semi-finished products.

Any products with artificial sweeteners and flavors are prohibited. Food should be natural, without artificial additives.

Starting from the 21st, 22nd and 27th weeks of pregnancy, a woman’s diet should consist of a lot of proteins and carbohydrates. She needs: meat, fish, cereals, vegetables and fruits.

You should eat nuts, raisins, prunes. Instead of tea and coffee, drink berry fruit drinks, fruit compotes, and juices.

We must not forget about clean drinking water: it is consumed daily in the amount of 1.5-2 liters. The baby is actively growing, which means you need to eat at least 5-6 times a day, slightly increasing portions, but not overeating.

Basic principles of the diet

Before using the diet, you should familiarize yourself with its principles:

• It is necessary to limit salt to 5 g per day. If we talk about seasonings, you should completely avoid them. They can cause allergies to the expectant mother and negatively affect her health and the condition of the fetus.
• You need to drink a lot of water - at least 1.5 liters per day.
• Food should only be homemade: it’s better to forget about fast food, visiting cafes and restaurants.
• Exotic, spicy, fatty foods are strictly prohibited. The expectant mother should eat her usual dishes, without seasonings and spices.
• Meat dishes should be consumed 4-5 times a week, and fish - 1-2 times.

You need to forget about fried foods. Food is prepared through the process of boiling, baking and stewing. In terms of calories per day, you need to gain at least 2000-2300 kcal, the weight of the products is 2.1-2.4 kg.

During pregnancy, overeating and fasting are strictly prohibited. Food should be supplied every 2-3 hours, 5-6 times a day.

Portions increase slightly, because a woman must take care not only of herself, but also of the baby’s health. If hunger appears at night, you should not eat heavily, You should limit yourself to kefir, fermented baked milk, and yogurt.

Effect on the body

A proper diet has the most beneficial effect on a woman’s body. Her body systems work harmoniously, and it is possible to avoid eating disorders, poisoning, and intestinal infections.

The woman’s body receives the necessary vitamins and minerals, and she feels great. Eliminating fatty, unhealthy foods from your diet helps prevent obesity.

Healthy nutrition for the mother helps the baby develop and grow. It receives the necessary substances that allow the small organism to form correctly.

If the mother refuses junk food and does not have bad habits, the occurrence of any pathologies can be prevented. Proper nutrition is the key to the health of mother and child.

Pros and cons, contraindications

This diet has many advantages:

The only drawback is the need to switch from regular nutrition to proper nutrition. A woman will have to give up unhealthy foods, even if she really likes them.

At first, this is not easy for many women, but such restrictions will preserve the health of expectant mothers and babies.

Contraindications: chronic diseases. If any, you should consult your doctor before starting the diet. Individual adjustment of the diet is possible.

Sample menu

A woman must follow this menu:

When creating your menu, keep variety in mind. For breakfast, it is recommended to prepare porridge with milk with the addition of fruits or berries; omelet and cottage cheese are also suitable. For lunch - low-fat soup, porridge, vegetables.

Be sure to eat meat or fish during lunch. For dinner, cottage cheese casseroles, vegetable purees, and fruit salads are suitable.

Suitable snacks include fruits, berry fruit drinks, compotes, salads, nuts, and dried fruits. Before going to bed, it is useful to drink a fermented milk drink or herbal decoction, which contains many vitamins.

List of permitted and prohibited products

In order not to break the diet, You need to remember which products are on the menu and which ones you should avoid:

Sausages, smoked meats, semi-finished products, seasonings, mayonnaise, and ketchup are also prohibited. You should avoid animal and cooking fats. Mustard and pepper can have a negative effect on digestion.

Food should be fresh, without excess. Instead of coffee and cocoa, you should consume herbal infusions, compotes, fruit drinks, and juices. Natural yoghurts and kefir are useful.

This diet lasts the entire second trimester - from 14 to 27 weeks of pregnancy. During this period, you need to see your doctor regularly. If the patient's condition worsens, her diet may be adjusted.

At the end of the second trimester and the onset of the third, the doctor will give individual recommendations regarding diet.

Perhaps the menu will be adjusted again, but overall healthy eating will remain. You should forget about junk food until the birth of your child.

You will learn some more interesting and useful tips on nutrition in the second trimester of pregnancy from this video:

The diet during the second trimester should be balanced and include many foods that fill the woman’s body with useful substances.

By following this diet, the expectant mother will maintain her health, carry and give birth to a healthy baby.

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Having solemnly entered the second trimester of pregnancy, every woman feels differently than before. With a more rounded tummy and the first slight tremors in it, she is finally fully aware of her condition. The sudden subsidence of toxicosis gives immense relief and raises new questions about what should a pregnant woman’s nutrition be like in the second trimester? Strange taste preferences and attacks of ravenous hunger appear. Yes, and health sometimes throws up surprises, calling for you to reconsider your diet. How to take into account all the nuances and provide the right food to both the growing fetus and yourself? How to avoid harm, not gain weight, and at the same time enjoy food? Don't panic. There is nothing complicated about it!

The importance of nutrition during pregnancy

Complex “construction” work is going on inside your stomach every minute - the organs, bones, muscles and nerves of the future little man are being built. But “building” materials do not come from nowhere; they must be supplied by the expectant mother, having correctly composed her diet.

1. The lack of any “building blocks” leads to disruptions in the development of the fetus and can lead to irreparable problems. Therefore, if the baby lacks something, the cunning mother’s body sets priorities and gives him its own reserves. In such a situation, a woman feels ailments, malfunctions in the functioning of her own systems, and her former beauty simply melts before her eyes.
2. But these reserves are not unlimited. Having exhausted them, the mother’s body can no longer help the child. As a result, its growth may slow down or even miscarriage may occur. Newborns who experienced nutritional deficiency in the womb often experience malformations of the cardiovascular system, imperfections of the nervous system, rickets, mental or physical retardation, and dysfunction of individual organs.

To avoid these sad consequences, it is very important for the expectant mother to pay special attention to the contents of her own plate and the regularity of food intake.

Moreover, in this seemingly simple matter, both deficiency and excess of nutrients have a detrimental effect on both the health of the mother and the development of the baby.

What is necessary to eat for the full development of the fetus and the well-being of a woman?

The diet of the expectant mother must be varied. This means that the constant presence of plant foods and fats, cereals, and, of course, proteins is important in her diet.

1. The second trimester for the fetus is the period of formation of the skeleton and muscles, which means that the mother’s menu requires a high content of calcium, potassium and proteins. At the same time, we should not forget that during this same period, neural connections are formed and the brain develops, and therefore vitamins are also required by the growing fetus.
2. While worrying about your child, you shouldn’t forget about yourself. An incorrectly formulated diet leads to an increase in stress on the stomach and intestines, which invariably leads to digestive disorders, swelling, deterioration in the quality of skin, hair and teeth, stretch marks and many other problems that can be easily avoided by simply establishing a balanced diet.

It is especially important to note that a skewing of the used balance in any direction is extremely undesirable during gestation. Therefore, make sure that half of the diet consists of porridge, and the rest is equally divided between plant and protein foods (eggs, meat, fish). Sweets are part of the menu, without which many women cannot imagine a happy life. It is not at all necessary to give them up; it is enough to reduce their use.

Also, most women are concerned about the advisability of taking vitamin complexes, which pharmacies displays are full of. When making a decision, it is worth considering that the controversy surrounding synthetic vitamins is now heating up. Therefore, perhaps, in the absence of indications and serious problems, drinking all kinds of dietary supplements is simply not worth it. Especially during the period from May to October, when the required portion of vitamins can be easily obtained from vegetables, fruits and table greens.

Prohibited Products

So what should pregnant women not eat in the second trimester? By and large, pregnancy itself does not impose any critical restrictions on the diet of the expectant mother.

But, in general, from the moment of conception, products can be divided into three categories:

• useful;
• useless;
• harmful.

Several categories of products pose potential dangers. They may turn out to be completely harmless, but in some cases they cause irreparable harm. Therefore, when including them in your diet, realistically assess the possible risks.

Refuse:

• steaks with blood, undercooked meat (any);
• sushi with raw fish;
• stroganina, dried fish and meat;
• soft cheeses;
• milk, eggs that have not undergone heat treatment.

This group of products may contain pathogenic microorganisms that cause dangerous diseases.

Limit:

• baking;
• sweets (sweets, chocolate, creams);
• coffee and teas;
• fast food;
• smoked meats, pickles.

All this, in principle, can be eaten. But not every day and little by little. Something is fraught with rapid weight gain, something puts an excessive burden on the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys (and they get it anyway). Take care of yourself and consider these products as indulgence that you can only indulge in occasionally.

Think about it:

1. Mushrooms are the only food product that can introduce toxins into the body of a pregnant woman that are dangerous to the fetus. If you are confident in the ecological purity of mushrooms, you can eat them.
2. Citrus fruits, chocolate, peanuts are potential allergens. Even if the mother does not have individual reactions, they may well develop in the fetus under the influence of allergens on its still fragile immune system.

Vegetarianism during pregnancy

There has always been a lot of buzz around vegetarianism during pregnancy. Usually, convinced vegans do not even think about the fact that their lifestyle can somehow affect the development of the fetus. Doubts plague either still young adherents of plant-based foods, or those who suddenly decided to change something in their lives with the onset of pregnancy. The latter should immediately discard the idea of ​​switching to a vegetarian diet. For you, the time for experimentation will come after the end of lactation. Now this is only additional stress for the body, which, in addition, leads to big problems.

As for established vegetarians, the easiest thing is for those who do not exclude eggs, caviar and dairy products from their diet. With the right approach, their menu has quite enough of everything that a growing body needs. It is somewhat more difficult for true vegans, who generally reject all animals. However, contrary to stereotypes, calcium, protein, and iron are present in sufficient quantities in their diet.

• legumes and nuts are sources of protein;
• calcium can be easily obtained from table greens, lettuce, broccoli and all the same nuts;
• iron enters the body with prunes, raisins, peas, and spinach.

In addition, such food is easier to digest and rich in vitamins.

Man is an omnivorous creature and, undoubtedly, during evolution, not all people had the opportunity to eat meat. Therefore, veganism is also natural for humans. But for centuries, it was the environment that dictated the rules of survival, and therefore it is difficult to imagine a vegetarian in northern latitudes. Likewise, every expectant mother lives at her own pace, and it is possible that with the onset of pregnancy, the increased load on the body will require a revision of the diet. Therefore, listen to yourself, respond to the signals that your baby gives, and if problems arise, give up your principles for the sake of his health.

Menu for a pregnant woman in the 2nd trimester

So what should nutrition be like during pregnancy, the 2nd trimester of which has come so quickly?

This period does not require significant dietary adjustments:

1. In the daily menu, half of the volume should be complex carbohydrates - cereals, durum pasta, rice, potatoes, beans.
2. Half of the remaining volume is vegetables and fruits of all colors, table greens.
3. The rest is protein food. It is better if it is lean poultry, veal, fish as a source of omega 3.

Dishes are best stewed, steamed or baked in the oven. It is better to divide the daily amount of food into 4-6 meals. It is advisable to have dinner 3-4 hours before going to bed.

Diets

And it’s worth mentioning right away that the diet for pregnant women does not involve maintaining aesthetically attractive thinness. Weight gain is a natural process during pregnancy that should not be interfered with. The diet during this period is a rationalization of nutrition to solve some problems. So, what could be a diet for pregnant women, 2nd trimester.

For toxicosis

In case of toxicosis, it is important to eat small and light meals. Prefer steamed or baked, stewed dishes. Avoid high-calorie and fatty foods.

Try to eat breakfast despite feeling nauseous. At least something simple - toast, an apple, crackers. You can afford a heartier breakfast in a couple of hours, when the nausea subsides.

For edema

Usually the appearance of edema is a sign of late toxicosis. This condition requires careful monitoring by a doctor, and often hospitalization.

If edema is not caused by pathological changes in the pregnant woman’s body, then their manifestation can be reduced as follows:

1. Eliminate salty and sweet foods from your diet - both retain water.
2. Diversify the menu with fruits and vegetables that have diuretic properties (watermelon and melon, celery, cranberries, etc.).

Simple physical exercises will also help relieve swelling. Get up from your desk or couch every half hour and stretch your legs.

Diet for weight gain

Most pregnant women do not consider being underweight a problem. But doctors cannot agree with this. If your growth is not normal, be sure to visit the ultrasound room to make sure your baby is developing evenly and healthy. When there are no pathologies, underweight is usually attributed to constitutional features.

But there are situations when the expectant mother is weak and really needs additional nutrition. In this case, make sure that the extra calories enter the body for good - from grains and protein foods.

If you are overweight

It happens that a pregnant woman begins to gain weight sharply in the second and third trimesters. Before you change your diet, it’s worth understanding why this happens.

1. You may have practically eliminated physical activity.
2. Or they succumbed to the stupid provocation that a pregnant woman should eat for two.
3. Or you are simply bored, sad, nervous and trying to “seize” the problem.

Each of the reasons is typical for most women and has nothing to do with diet as such.

1. First of all, if there are no contraindications, diversify your day with walks or even light jogging, yoga or fitness for pregnant women, swimming. It is likely that this will be enough to normalize weight.
2. Eating for two is definitely necessary. But it’s just important to remember that this second one is very small and requires no more than 20% of the food you normally consume. Excess will not benefit either the baby or the mother.
3. Keep yourself busy so you don't have time for endless, useless snacks. Start knitting (Oops! Both hands are already busy!), visit exhibitions, concerts, sign up for drawing courses, and so on.

If the problem initially lies in an incorrect diet or the expectant mother was overweight even before pregnancy, then the menu will definitely have to be revised:

• eliminate “empty” calories - carbonated drinks, sweets, baked goods;
• add vegetables to your diet - digesting them takes more energy than they provide;
• eat foods with a low glycemic index - they release energy slowly, and therefore the feeling of fullness remains for a long time;
• reduce the consumption of animal fats (replace pork with chicken, veal, offal);
• steam, bake, stew, but do not fry in oil;
• prefer sour fruits to sweet ones;
• exclude mayonnaise and ketchup from your diet, limit the amount of butter and lard;
• prefer dairy products with lower fat content;
• eat often, but less than you are used to.

This diet should not be hungry! There can be no fasting days, poor nutrition, or mono-diets!

Where to get calcium?

Calcium is vital for both mother and child. In the second trimester, the baby’s skeleton is just forming, and the body of the expectant mother spends up to 1 gram of this element daily for natural needs. Therefore, calcium at this stage is perhaps the most important element in the diet.

It is traditionally believed that the ideal source of calcium is dairy products. A glass of kefir and milk plus a portion of hard cheese and cottage cheese will make up the daily requirement. But today there is an increasingly common opinion that such calcium is not absorbed by the human body. Unlike calcium, which is contained in plant foods in its pure, unprocessed form.

Record holders for the content of this element (even in comparison with dairy products):

• poppy and sesame;
• sunflower;
• almond;
• table greens;
• chickpeas, peas;
• dried apricots, persimmons, raisins and many others.

But getting calcium into the body is half the battle. It's even more important to keep it there. So, when consuming a large amount of sweet, butter, and meat, the acidity of the blood shifts to the sour side. Fighting this, the body launches complex chemical processes, as a result of which it loses alkalis: calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium. You can cope with this by introducing a sufficient amount of plant foods into your diet. And she herself, as we found out, is an excellent source of calcium.

Proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is the key to health!

We are what we eat - this is an axiom known to everyone. Our diet determines our well-being, mood, energy, libido... The health of the expectant mother depends even more on nutrition, because a violation of the diet immediately increases the load on the digestive organs.

The consequences of an incorrectly compiled menu often include:

• constipation;
• haemorrhoids;
• convulsions;
• brittle nails and teeth;
• deterioration in the quality of skin and hair;
• weakness;
• anemia;
• bleeding gums and nosebleeds;
• nausea;
• decreased immunity;
• underweight or overweight;
• vitamin deficiency and other problems.

To avoid them, it is important to eat rationally, not to overeat, and eat a lot of plant foods and grains. Drinking regime and physical activity also play an important role.

Drinking regimen: how much, how often, what type to drink

What, how much and why should a pregnant woman drink? The best thing is clean water without gas. Lack of fluid contributes to the development of constipation, which is a problem for every second expectant mother. Water is also necessary to maintain normal blood viscosity, which is very important for proper blood circulation between the fetus and mother. Therefore, drink often, little by little. Take bottled water with you when leaving home. Monitor the condition of your skin - if you notice flaking, be sure to increase your fluid intake.

Do not limit the volume of fluid for fear of swelling. Their nature in pregnant women almost does not depend on the amount of water drunk.

As for teas and coffee, it is better to limit their consumption. All of them contain caffeine, which leaches precious calcium, and green tea, among other things, increases blood viscosity.

But it is useful to drink homemade decoctions of prunes and raisins - this is an ideal source of water, iron, and a whole arsenal of microelements. To boost immunity, as well as to combat nausea, a decoction of ginger with honey and a slice of lemon is excellent.

How to drink water to alleviate symptoms of toxicosis: nausea and heartburn

If you are still bothered by toxicosis, it will soon pass. In the meantime, attacks of morning sickness can be dealt with in different ways. One of them is clean water. Leave the glass on the bedside table and drink in small sips in the morning without getting out of bed until the attack goes away.

As for heartburn, it is better to relieve it with mineral and alkaline water. Borjomi, Essentuki and their other local analogues are suitable. Alas, if toxicosis is a temporary phenomenon, then you will have to live with heartburn until childbirth.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated about healthy eating for a pregnant woman. It is enough to eat a varied diet and drink a lot. But the main thing is that the expectant mother should be happy! Therefore, try to be in a good mood, rest well, move and, of course, eat tasty and healthy food.

Video on the topic

The second trimester is the period from 14 to 26 weeks. The unpleasant sensations of early toxicosis have already disappeared, and my appetite has increased.

The formation of important organs and systems of the fetus has already occurred; in the second trimester they begin to grow and function rapidly, so you should continue to eat properly.

Read our articles on nutritionIn the firstAndthirdtrimester, as well as about the general principles of nutrition during pregnancy.

Basic Rules

The goal of rational nutrition in the second trimester is to supply the body with building materials, and since further normal growth of the fetus and the development of its organs requires more nutrients, the daily calorie content of food should increase by 300 Kcal.

In addition, the unborn baby requires more vitamins and minerals, therefore, their consumption by the mother should increase compared to the first 14 weeks.

In the second trimester, the brain actively develops, which requires magnesium, iodine, and phosphorus. The bone skeleton continues to form, which means you need more vitamin D.

The energy value of the daily diet in the second trimester of pregnancy is 2400-2800 kcal (2500 is enough for the average woman).

The mother's body's need for protein increases, up to 2g per kg of weight. The protein content should be 120-140 g, of which 60% is of animal origin, the fat content also increases to 85 g, and 80% should be of plant origin. But the amount of carbohydrates is reduced to 300 grams (upper limit).

Diet

Meals in the second trimester should be fractional, up to 5-6 times a day. The growing uterus puts pressure on both the stomach and intestines, and overeating or even eating the amount of food equal to “non-pregnant” food causes heartburn and disrupts intestinal motility, which leads to constipation.

In addition, frequent and small meals promote better absorption of nutrients. The last meal should be no later than 2 hours before bedtime.

Cooking

All dishes must be steamed or baked, but without crust. Cooking and stewing of foods is allowed. This culinary treatment allows you to preserve vitamins, which are very necessary for mother and baby in the second trimester.

In addition, fried foods increase the load on the liver and gallbladder, which are already working double duty.

Salt and liquid

The second trimester of pregnancy is a period in which gestosis of the second half often occurs. Therefore, it is worth giving up salty foods and limiting salt intake to 6 grams, maximum 10 grams per day. Salt retains fluid in the body, which leads to swelling.

The same goes for liquids. Fluid intake, including soups, should be no more than 1 liter per day. Drinking a lot of water increases the load on the kidneys, and they are already functioning in an enhanced mode.

Alcohol

Everyone knows about the dangers of alcohol, especially during pregnancy. In the second trimester, the brain, cardiovascular and other important systems actively develop, so drinking alcohol even in small quantities can lead to the birth of a disabled child. Beer “loads” the kidneys, and wine is not only allergenic, but also increases blood pressure.

Product distribution

It is advisable to consume protein foods (meat and fish) in the first half of the day, and lactic acid products and fiber in the second half. Protein foods stay longer in the digestive tract, so it should be given at the time of day when the intestines actively peristalt.

Vitamins in the second trimester

The second trimester of pregnancy is often accompanied by iron deficiency anemia, so the need for iron and vitamin C, which helps better absorption of iron, increases. It is necessary to give preference to foods rich in iron and ascorbic acid.

The same goes for calcium. In the second trimester, the fetal skeleton is actively formed, and if a woman does not want to lose a couple of teeth, she should pay attention to fermented milk products.

Iodine promotes the development of the thyroid gland in the fetus and is involved in the formation of the nervous system,

Potassium prevents miscarriage and improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system,

Sodium prevents the development of edema.

However, you need to be careful with the selection of microelements, since their excess in the body is also undesirable. Therefore, it is better to trust your doctor in this matter.

Essential vitamins:

• Vitamin C promotes better absorption of calcium and iron, which are necessary for fetal bones and prevent the development of anemia, and also stimulates the immune system.
• Vitamin A is responsible for the genetic makeup and development of the retina in the fetus.
• Vitamin E prevents miscarriage.
• Vitamin D is essential for skeletal development.
• Folic acid, as well as magnesium and phosphorus, affect the development of the nervous system.

Prohibited Products

The list of prohibited foods includes those that increase gas formation and putrefaction in the intestines, since the longer the pregnancy, the more problems with stool.

In addition, dyes, preservatives and other chemical additives are potentially harmful to the growing fetus.

You should avoid spicy, smoked and salty foods; they irritate the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to heartburn and can provoke gestosis.

You should not get carried away with animal fats, so as not to overload the gallbladder, as well as simple carbohydrates, which lead to rapid weight gain and can affect the weight of the fetus.

You should pay special attention to allergenic products; allergies will not bring pleasant sensations to the mother, and in the future it may also appear in the child.

Heavy and difficult-to-digest foods contribute to constipation, so you should also avoid them.

List of prohibited products:

• fresh pastries, white bread, culinary products, cakes and pastries, pancakes and pancakes;
• fast food, semi-finished products;
• sweet carbonated drinks (simple carbohydrates and gas);
• legumes;
• chocolate, cocoa, strong tea and coffee (cause constipation and excite the nervous system);
• sausages, smoked meats, lard;
• marinades, pickles, mustard, horseradish, pepper;
• strawberries, nuts (hazelnuts and peanuts), honey - allergens;
• ice cream, milkshakes, condensed milk;
• canned meat and fish;
• mushrooms in any form (hard to digest);
• fatty meat, fish, poultry;
• yolk (excess cholesterol), raw and fried eggs;
• limit butter, fatty sour cream;
• red and black caviar;
• blue cheeses (risk of infection), sharp and fatty cheeses;
• raw meat and fish (sushi, stroganina) are sources of salmonella and toxoplasma.

Authorized Products

Dishes consumed by a woman in the second trimester of pregnancy should not overload the gastrointestinal tract, ensure regular bowel movements and be easily digestible.

It is especially important to consume as much plant fiber as possible, which prevents constipation and contains a large amount of vitamins.

List of permitted products:

• whole grain or bran bread, yesterday's bread, dry biscuits (biscuits, crackers);
• porridges: buckwheat - protein and iron, oatmeal and millet - magnesium, all porridges are a source of fiber;
• carrots and juices from them - vitamin A, cranberries, lingonberries, currants, citrus fruits (with caution) - vitamin C, herbs and green vegetables - folic acid;
• rose hips, sea buckthorn, nuts, apricots and dried apricots - fiber and vitamin E;
• fish - polyunsaturated fatty acids, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D;
• boiled lean meat and poultry are a source of protein;
• low-fat fermented milk products - calcium, improve intestinal motility;
• freshly squeezed juices, green tea, rosehip decoction;
• figs, seafood (shrimp, mussels, squid, seaweed) - a source of iodine;
• egg white omelettes;
• vegetable oils - normalize intestinal function, sources of vitamin E;
• liver, pomegranates, green apples are sources of iron;
• cottage cheese, mild and low-fat varieties of cheese.

If a woman treats pregnancy responsibly and adheres to proper nutrition, she will avoid digestive problems (heartburn, constipation, flatulence), and will also significantly reduce the risk of developing pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, gestational pyelonephritis). In addition, a sufficient amount of vitamins and microelements will ensure normal development of the fetus.

Consequences of poor nutrition in the second trimester

A total lack of vitamins and microelements can cause late miscarriage and the development of preeclampsia.