The fight for women's rights, as they call it. The fight for equality and not an ounce of feminism. Examples of the use of the word emancipation in literature
Cognitive
Nowadays, women have equal rights with men. First, they achieved the right to vote, then they destroyed stereotypes about male professions, enduring all the hardships on an equal basis with the opposite sex, and even began to rule entire states. Of course, there will always be dissatisfied people, for example, feminists who will find a fly in the ointment, but progress is obvious.
Now in some countries it is no longer even surprising to see same-sex marriages and equality marches, which demonstrate to the whole world a wide range of orientations. However, less than a century ago people were shackled by stereotypes of women's inferiority. Look how these stereotypes were broken year after year.
This is how an African-American activist was detained in Alabama in 1956 for simply refusing to take the back seats for blacks on a bus.
For South African citizens, miniskirts came as a real shock. However, already in 1965 there were brave girls who showed their legs to passersby. More precisely, passers-by looked askance at them
American Maud Wagner in 1907 became the first woman in the world to make tattooing an art. A professional tattoo artist demonstrated by her example that a woman’s body belongs only to her
At the beginning of the last century in the United States there were many opponents of nudity, even among women. Actress Lila Lee went to the beach in a one-piece bathing suit in the 1920s, condemning the fashion for cropped swimsuits
French fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent introduced the fashion for men's tuxedos for women in 1966. At first, his models were not allowed into restaurants, calling their appearance provocative
In 1953, West Berlin schools had strict rules. The girls were sent home to change clothes, forbidden from appearing in short shorts and tight clothes in the future.
Every London fashionista imitated the English supermodel Gina Shrimpton. However, even she was not expected to appear at the races in a minidress. Melbourne, 1965
American Senda Berenson is the mother of women's basketball. Until 1892, this sport was considered a men's game.
French fashion designer Paul Poiret freed women from wearing a corset in 1905 by introducing a shirt cut
American tennis player Billie Jean King has achieved equality between men and women in tennis
Kathrin Switzer ran the Boston Marathon 5 years before women were allowed to take part in it. In the photo from 1967, the organizers are trying to kick her off the track
Elizabeth Eckford became the first black girl in a regular American school after the ban on racial segregation in educational institutions in 1957
In 1907, actress, swimmer and writer Annette Kellerman was arrested for appearing on the beach in a swimsuit. It was considered obscene behavior back then.
In 1947, women from the Women in Style Wars picketed stores in Los Angeles to protest long skirts.
Guys from Toronto turned a blind eye when these two beauties went out in short skirts in 1937
Mary Quant - the designer who invented the miniskirt
But in Chicago in 1922, a woman was arrested for uncovered legs.
In 1906 Britain, suffragettes fought for women's suffrage.
Maria-Teresa De Filippis became the first female driver in the history of Formula 1
Author of the article
Vyacheslav Yuryev
Vyacheslav Yuryev loves historical topics and everything related to travel. If you need a brief information about some distant country, feel free to contact Slava. This editor will unearth little-known facts about the lives of military leaders and literary classics. At the same time, he is not alien to modern technologies, from fashionable gadgets to the exploration of outer space.
Alternative crossword puzzle questions for the word emancipation
Liberation from dependence, oppression, from prejudice; abolition of restrictions, equalization of rights
Equal rights
This is when women fight for their rights, but not the traffic police exam
Liberation from dependence, oppression, inequality
Women's victory over femininity
A woman’s desire to rule the world directly, and not through a man, as has been the case from time immemorial.
Liberation from addiction
Definition of the word emancipation in dictionaries
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov
The meaning of the word in the dictionary Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. D.N. Ushakov
emancipation, plural no, w. (Latin emancipatio) (book). Liberation from some. dependencies leading to equal rights. Women's emancipation. Emancipation of the peasants. When peasant emancipation took place, money was given for souls. Saltykov-Shchedrin....
Large legal dictionary
Meaning of the word in the dictionary Big Legal Dictionary
(from Latin emancipatio) - declaring a minor fully capable. In accordance with Art. 27 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a person who has reached the age of 16 can be declared fully capable if he works under an employment contract, incl. under a contract, or (with the consent of...
Wikipedia
Meaning of the word in the Wikipedia dictionary
“Emancipation” is the third official collection of hits by the female pop group “VIA Gra”, released in 2008. There are two versions of the album edition: regular and collector's edition. The collector's version went on sale on October 30, 2008, the regular version on November 27, 2008...
Examples of the use of the word emancipation in literature.
Or what they say in society about Panna Ada Solskaya, who recently became interested in emancipation, then became a spiritualist, and now she has indulged in misanthropy and does not leave the house?
Graduate student Todd Dunkey had to write three hundred pages of scientific evidence that Pushkin was Russia’s first feminist, developed women’s literature, and fought for emancipation Russian women, for their equal rights with men in politics and, of course, in the field of sex - in general, contributed to the progress of society in the female sector.
In conclusion, I would like to once again refer to three examples of emancipation movements, namely: student unrest, women's emancipation and the peace movement.
If Ada had been poor, Mrs. Latter thought, her relatives and cousins would not have been bothered either by the fact that their niece was acquiring thick books, or by the fact that an epidemic had begun to rage in Warsaw emancipation.
Wilson began to feel that the general did not like him and kept him in his retinue only because of his father, to whom he was always grateful for his support emancipation America in the English Parliament.
On the issue of whether women need equal rights with men, there are two directly opposite points of view among both men and women. Most likely, Western feminism in its extreme manifestations will never take root in Russia, but women will still have to fight for their rights, mainly economic ones. There is no one else to count on.
If you call a Russian woman a feminist, she will probably be offended. Indeed, in our society a rather negative and even caricatured image of a representative of the women’s rights movement has formed. This is a certain person who, for personal reasons, cannot stand men and therefore treats them in every possible way. Moreover, Western examples of feminist achievements (let us recall the recent ban on the word “mademoiselle,” which allegedly demeans women) somehow do not inspire a desire to imitate them.
It is not surprising that feminist movements have not taken root in Russia. If in the early 90s they experienced a certain rise, today they are practically not present in the political and public sphere. And the point, apparently, is not only in the reduction of material support (these movements mainly existed at the expense of Western grants), but also in the absence of a “nutrient medium” for this kind of ideas.
Does this mean that in terms of rights, everything is so wonderful for Russian women that there is nothing more to wish for? “When you start talking about the need for equal rights for men and women in society, you will definitely hear in response: “What are these women missing? They already have all the rights,” says Svetlana Aivazova, chief researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. At a round table at the Public Chamber dedicated to gender policy in Russia, it turned out that a lot of things are missing.
Well, everyone knows about the insufficient number of men: according to the latest census, there are 10 million more women than men in our country. However, such a clear predominance of the female gender does not give it any advantage in other areas - for example, in economics. On average, the salary of female workers and employees is 30% lower than that of workers and employees occupying similar positions. And there is no need to talk about the fact that the majority of more or less leadership positions in our country are occupied by men.
Society requires women to fully comply with two role models, which are difficult to combine in everyday life. To be a mother who is entirely responsible for the situation in the family and raising children. And at the same time strive to realize yourself in your career. But if a woman tries to meet the demands of society, she will inevitably face a lot of problems. Private enterprises often try to get rid of an employee who becomes pregnant so as not to pay benefits. This situation was especially common during the 2008 crisis. Not everyone will decide to choose the path of a housewife and devote herself entirely to her family. Who will feed the children? As you know, the number of divorces in our country is growing, but only a third of ex-wives receive the child support they are entitled to by law. The rest of the alimony recipients are successfully hiding from payments.
And the state cannot allow a woman to give a damn about her career and sit at home. Half of the workforce in our country are ladies. And if they are “freed” from this burden, many industries will simply self-destruct. The same Russian woman who tries to bet on her career will definitely test the rule on herself: “to achieve career equality with a man, a woman needs to “run” twice as fast.”
At the round table, a rather indicative example was heard: none of the programs of political parties, nor the country’s development strategy, addresses gender policy in any way. It is generally excluded from the scope of discussion. Perhaps because such programs are written by men. In 2003, Russia tried to pass a law on gender equality, but it only passed the first reading. The deputies, again mostly men, saw him as a threat. The bill, in particular, dealt with quotas for women in the same parliament. “Do you want 30% men to make room for women MPs?” — one of the people’s representatives was sincerely indignant.
In fact, there is something harmful about gender quotas, so this norm is controversial. As human rights activist Svetlana Gannushkina put it, “I know a lot of men to whom I could delegate the right to speak in parliament on my behalf, and much fewer women to whom I could entrust this.” But the fact remains: there are only 13% of women in Russian politics. And on the list of presidential personnel reserves there are only 11%. But it’s impossible to believe that in Russia there are ten times fewer smart and professional women than men!
However, there are already examples of quite successful women’s struggle for their rights. The most famous case involves the payment of maternity benefits. As you know, the Ministry of Health tried to include in the new law a provision that benefits are paid directly by the employer, and not by the social insurance fund. This means that the majority of employees who decided to give birth would simply be fired. The movement of young mothers organized in St. Petersburg not only brought their demands to the Human Rights Council under the President of the Russian Federation, but also ensured that the ministry met them halfway.
By the way, another important point: not a single politician will be able to become popular in Russia if he does not win over the female part of the population. According to statistics, women are the most active participants in elections. For example, in the recent presidential elections, 60% of all voters who took part in them were representatives of the fair sex. And the majority of women who came to the polling stations voted for Vladimir Putin (69%, men - 54%). Here you have the gender issue in action.
Representatives of the fairer sex fought with umbrellas, carried hammers in their elegant handbags, sprinkled flour on men, and most importantly were not afraid to go to jail for this. The struggle lasted a long time, but in the end it bore fruit.
19th century – the era of suffragism
Women of Western civilization began their struggle for equality in the 19th century. Then they created the first political party, the participants of which were exclusively the weaker sex. At that time, the women's movement was known as suffragism, and the term "feminism" appeared only in the 20th century.The idea of equal rights appeared back in the 18th century during the Great French revolutionary movements of the Enlightenment. Then it was even documented along with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen of 1789. French women were so inspired by this idea that they began to create their own clubs and participated in rallies with the words “Liberty, equality, fraternity.” Their enthusiasm disappeared when the Constitution of the newly formed republic appeared. In it, freedoms and rights did not extend to the weaker sex at all.
Women of Western civilization began their struggle for equality in the 19th century // Photo: makeout.by
Olympia de Gouges, on behalf of all girls and women, compiled the “Declaration of the Rights of Women and Citizens” (considered the first document of the feminist movement). But no one listened to them. A year later, M. Wollstonecraft released her work “In Defense of the Rights of Women,” where she pointed out the need to provide rights for women. The only response from men was the assertion that the weaker sex by nature does not know how to be independent individuals and necessarily needs a leader.
The law of America and Great Britain said that representatives of the fair sex do not exist legally unless there is a husband or father behind her. Without the consent of the man, the kopeck piece was not able to own property, enter into contracts or appear in court. It was only in 1867 that a man decided to speak out in favor of women. He submitted a corresponding petition to the English Parliament for consideration. Since then, women's political groups began to emerge. The main and first demand that women's parties put forward was the right to participate in the electoral process. That is why the movement of that time is known as suffragism, which literally means “the right to vote.” In addition, women wanted to attend and study at universities and have equal rights to any property.
Olympia de Gouges, on behalf of all girls and women, compiled the “Declaration of the Rights of Women and Citizens” // Photo: diletant.media
The manifesto of the suffrage movement was recited by American activists at the very first conference concerning women's rights. Then about 200 girls and 40 men approved a certain “Declaration of Feelings.” It laid out the principles of existence and the main ideas of suffragism. This unusual name was suggested by Elizabeth Stanton. She wanted to somehow connect her work with America's Declaration of Independence. The latter contained points that stated that all citizens were born with equal rights and that God had endowed them with “inalienable rights.”
At the conference, activists were able to clearly formulate the slogan of their own movement. He proclaimed that both sexes are born absolutely equal. The party's demands were expressed. Women demanded the right:
- on your own earnings;
- for divorce and child custody in case of divorce;
- as full American citizens they should receive full political rights.
XX century
As the next century progressed, small suffragist groups in America and England grew into powerful coalitions. The weaker sex tried by any means to make changes to the legislation. Party members drafted appeals, petitions, held demonstrations and rallies. Often their actions were quite provocative, because their main goal was to attract public attention so that they would contribute to reforms. Participants in women's organizations in those days were mainly women belonging to the middle class. Those who tried to survive by working in a plant or factory simply did not have time for social activity.Socialist parties agreed to speak out in defense of women's rights. In 1910, in Copenhagen, socialist Clara Zetkin proposed organizing a “women’s day” every year. It was on this day that women were not prevented from holding rallies for political and social equality. "Women's Day" was set for March 8. In 1870, institutions of higher education opened their doors to female students for the first time. However, it took the suffragists another 70 years to achieve their main demand.
In 1910, in Copenhagen, socialist Clara Zetkin proposed organizing a “women’s day” every year // Photo: opentown.org
It was only in 1920 that the US Congress adopted an amendment to the Constitution that gave voting rights to the fairer sex. The English women also achieved this around the same period. However, until 1928, only married women could vote. New Zealand was the most progressive in relation to the women's issue. Already in 1893, the country's authorities opened the way for women to enter the polling station. The French women were one of the last to achieve their goal. They only went to the polls in 1946. Swiss women began to have voices in the 70s. In many modern Muslim states this question remains open to this day.
Feminism of the 60s – 80s of the twentieth century
In the post-war period, no one had the desire to protest or express their dissatisfaction. Women had to take jobs that were previously occupied by men. They began to work in educational institutions and factories. And at the end of the work shift, the women returned home and went about their “usual” business: caring for the child, cooking, cleaning, etc. They had no time for any ambitions or social activities.In the world of feminism, everything was calm until the book of the Frenchwoman (philologist by profession) Simone de Beauvoir, “The Second Sex,” was published in 1949. The book was published in 1 thousand copies. They all disappeared from bookstore shelves almost instantly. The book has been translated into 30 languages of the world. Many women on its pages saw their own fate. The writer tried to comprehend women's fate from the philosophical, historical, social and anthropological aspects. She put forward assumptions about what exactly prevents women from realizing themselves, what or who limits their freedom. De Beauvoir was an adherent of Sartre's existentialism, which placed freedom at the center of human existence.
In the world of feminism, everything was calm until the book of the Frenchwoman (philologist by profession) Simone de Beauvoir “The Second Sex” was published in 1949 // Photo: savoirflair.com
Her feminist colleagues, who also tried to draw public attention to the issue of freedom, argued that the difference between women and men does not lie in biology. They said that the position of women was formed historically, that it directly depends on society and the figure of women in it. To write the book, de Beauvoir researched literature, mythology, national traditions, family foundations, and the principles of raising little girls in these families. All her research indicated that the main obstacle to women's freedom is the existence of women as a “second gender.” She named men as the first gender.
The peak of the feminist movement was observed in the 60s and 70s. During this short period of time, Europe and America experienced many social upheavals. There were student demonstrations and protests, anti-war protests, and the issue of interracial conflict was especially acute. Blacks also tried to gain the right to vote. Journalists, politicians and researchers rightly believe that it was women’s protests that pushed people into the “revolutionary” movement. After all, they radically changed the system of gender relations almost throughout the world.
However, women in their protests often did not have a clearly formed strategy; their “revolution” turned out to be heterogeneous in terms of ideological concepts. As a result, two main currents of the feminist movement emerged:
- radical,
- liberal.
