Family terms in English. Thematic vocabulary

This article is about the names of family members on English language. We will remember the words you know and tell you how to call distant relatives in English.

First, we suggest you recall the long-known names of family members:

Mother["mʌðə] - mother, mother

Father["fɑːðə] - dad, father

Son- son

Daughter["dɔːtə] - daughter

Brother["brʌðə] - brother

Sister["sɪstə] - sister

grandfather["græn (d) ˌfɑːðə] - grandfather

grandmother["græn (d) ˌmʌðə] - grandmother

uncle["ʌŋkl] - uncle

Aunt[ɑːnt] - aunt

Nephew["nefjuː] or ["nevjuː] - nephew

Nice- niece

Do not forget to pay attention to the pronunciation of words so as not to confuse uncle (uncle) with ankle (ankle), and aunt (aunt) with ant (ant).

There are other relatives, and although we talk about them much less often than those listed above, it won’t hurt anyone to know their names in English. Let's consider these words.

relatives

relatives- these are all relatives, and if you mean only parents, say parents. If you mean one of the parents (when it doesn't matter who), you can use parent .

Sometimes the word relation is used in the meaning of "relative", but this word is considered more formal than relative. And, unlike relatives, has more contexts:

Blood relative (or blood relation) - blood relative(relative by blood, not by marriage)

Immediate family - the closest family members (parents and siblings)

Distant relatives - distant relatives

When lovers marry, they automatically acquire new family. In Russian, each member of the husband's / wife's family has its own special name. Few understand and know the names of all relatives on the part of the husband and wife. English is simpler in this regard: all relatives on the part of the husband or wife are called the same, only with the addition of the words in-law. For example:

Husband/wife's mother - mother-in-law

Husband/wife's brother - brother-in-law

All acquired relatives, all members of the husband / wife family can be called the word in-laws ["ɪnlɔːz].

Ansestors

Grandfather and grandmother means the word grandparents. Grandson and granddaughter - grandchildren : grandson And granddaughter. Please note that the sound [d] in the prefix grand - often not pronounced.

Great-grandmother and great-grandfather - great-grandparents. Great-grandson and great-granddaughter: great-grandson And great granddaughter, together they are great-grandchildren . If you need to mention great-great-grandparents or great-great-grandparents - respectively, we add one more prefix great: great-greatgrandparents . Although this form occurs, it sounds quite strange and difficult to pronounce.

To designate generations of ancestors, there is another way in English. In order not to repeat the prefix great many times, you can use the word times:

five-times-great-grandparents or five great grandparents

four-times-great-grandmother or four-great grandmother

The word ancestors refers to ancestors more distant than three generations, so when there is no need to specify who exactly you were a person, name him ancestor.

Brothers, sisters, cousins

In Russian there are words brother (brother) and sister (sister), but there is no word that denotes them together. There is a word in English: sibling- brother or sister. In the plural (siblings) - denotes brothers and sisters together, descendants of the same parents:

My sibling - my brother / my sister

They are siblings. - They are brother and sister.

Twins- twins, twins. Sometimes they say identical twins to emphasize that twins are "like two peas in a pod".

If children have one common parent, then in English they are called half-brother or half-sister .

Cousins and sisters are denoted by the word cousin, regardless of gender. If you need to specify gender, use context or specify with pronouns: he or she. Sometimes they say first cousinwhen other relatives are also mentioned, and it is important to emphasize the degree of kinship, but the word itself cousin usually implies cousinhood.

The question immediately arises: how to talk about second cousins? To do this, add the word second :

My second cousin - my second cousin / my second cousin

Accordingly, fourth cousins \u200b\u200band sisters - third cousins.

It is unlikely that you often have the need to talk about "fifth cousins" and more distant relatives, but if it does arise, you can simply say distant cousins .

Once removed, twice removed

Since the conversation turned to cousins, sisters, respectively, it is necessary to mention cousins, aunts, grandparents and other relatives of this kind.

Have you ever wondered how a great uncle or second cousin would be in English? Many do not bother and just say "uncle".

In English, the word cousin is used to refer to all cousins, second cousins. That is, there are no great-aunts, grandfathers, aunts, nephews, grandchildren: all distant relatives are called cousin.

To clarify who exactly a person is, the words are added to the word cousin first, second- to show the degree of relationship (cousin, second cousin), as in the case of cousins, second cousins and sisters.

If you are talking about uncles, aunts, nephews, grandmothers (people who belong to different generations), you need to indicate the difference in generations - the word is used for this removed. If there is one generation difference between relatives (uncle and nephew, aunt and niece) - once removed, if two (grandfather and grandson, grandmother and granddaughter) - twice removed. In other words, when the word removed is used, it means that people belong to different generations, and the words once, twice indicate how many generations there are a difference between them.

For example:

Great nephew/niece; cousin uncle / aunt - first cousin once removed (one generation difference)

second cousin grandfather/grandmother; second cousin / granddaughter - second cousin twice removed (two generations of difference)

And such example: your father's cousin is his first cousin. For you, he will be first cousin once removed. And you for him too - first cousin once removed, because you are both cousins \u200b\u200bof each other and there is one generation difference between you.

For your children, this person is first cousin twice removed. And they are for him too, because they remain cousins, but there are already two generations of difference between them.

We hope that this knowledge will be useful to you. Chat freely on any topic and learn English with us!

Follow our updates and subscribe to our regular newsletter, join us

Vocabulary (Vocabulary)

Family- family

Child (children) - child (children)

Daughter - daughter

Mother (mom, mammy) - mom (mom, mommy)

Father (dad, daddy) - dad (dad, daddy)

Brother - brother

sister

Husband - husband

Wife-wife

Fiancé - groom

Bride

Aunt- aunt

Uncle- uncle

Parents- parents

Nephew- nephew

Niece- niece

Twins - twins

Father-in-law - father-in-law, father-in-law

Mother-in-law - mother-in-law, mother-in-law

Son-in-law-son-in-law

Daughter-in-law

To inherit - inherit

Relative- relative

Granddaughter / grandson / grandchildren - granddaughter / grandson / grandchildren

Cousin - cousin (sister)

To be married- to be married

To get married

Wedding- wedding

Marriage - marriage

Spouse - married couple

Wedding ring

Veil- veil

Wedding dress - wedding dress

Honey-moon- honeymoon trip

To be engaged to- be engaged to someone

To be pregnant - to be pregnant

Propose to - make an offer to someone

Divorce- divorce

Dialogues (dialogues)

- Can we talk?
Sure, what would you like to talk about?
I have some problems with my nephew
I see, I`ll drop by your house tonight
Thanks, I'll be waiting for you

Can we talk?

Of course, what do you want to talk about?

I have problems with my nephew

I got it, I'll drop by your house tonight

Thank you I will be waiting for you

- Hello. Can I speak to the person in charge of cooking wedding cakes?
Yes. Can I put you on hold for a couple of minutes? I'll check if he's here
Ok

Hello, Can I speak to someone who is in charge of making wedding cakes?

Yes. Could you wait on the line for a couple of minutes? I'll check if he's here

Fine

- Alice, I have something to say to you. A little bird told me Jack and Lilly are getting married.
Really? When?
In October or in November.
I'm so excited for them

Ellis, I have something to tell you. Someone told me that Jack and Lily are going to get married.
Is it true? When?
October or November
I'm so happy for them

- I have to go to the mall. Keep an eye on my baby
Don`t worry I promise everything will be ok
OK. I`ll come back in 2 hours
Great. see you later. take care
Bye. take care

I have to go to the supermarket. look after my child

Don't worry, I promise everything will be fine

ok i'll be back in 2 hours

Fabulous. See you later. Take care

Bye. Take care

1 Names of family members in English (voiced words, transcription)

Click on an English word to listen (or listen in the player)

other words:

parents- parents; children- children; grandparents- Grandfather and grandmother; grandchild(pl. grandchildren) - grandson, granddaughter (grandchildren); grandson- grandson; granddaughter- granddaughter; great-grandchildren (great-grandson, great granddaughter) - great-grandchildren (great-grandson, great-granddaughter)

twins- twins, twins; twin-brother- twin brother; twin-sister- twin sister; cousin- cousin, cousin, cousin, cousin

stepfather- stepfather; step mother- stepmother; step son- Foster-son; step-daughter- stepdaughter

wife- wife; husband- husband; widow- widow; widower- widower; father-in-law- father-in-law, father-in-law; mother-in-law- mother-in-law, mother-in-law; son-in-law- daughter's husband, son-in-law; daughter-in-law- son's wife, daughter-in-law, daughter-in-law

2 Video with English vocabulary on the topic: family members

...........................................

3 Features of the use of words denoting family members in English

1. Nouns mother, father, sister, brother, uncle, aunt, grandmother etc., denoting relatives, belong to the group of words that are used with the indefinite article to indicate kinship:

I have got a brother- I have a brother.
Has got an aunt- He has an aunt.

If the words mother, father refer to the speaker's relatives, they are usually used without an article and are capitalized:

mother is not in yet(My) mother has not come yet.
father is not up yet(My) father has not yet risen.

Other words in this group aunt, uncle, sister, cousin, brother), as a rule, are used with the following proper name or preceding possessive pronoun: Aunt Lucy, Uncle Bob.

2. When talking about someone's relatives, they use a possessive pronoun (even when using proper names): Is your uncle Bob coming?

3. Proper names in the plural, denoting members of the same family, are used with the definite article: the Petrovs (Petrovs), the Forsytes (Forsytes).

...........................................

In English, there is no grammatical category for the gender of nouns. Nouns belong to one or another gender according to the semantic feature. Thus, many nouns denoting relatives indicate gender. For example, nouns father, brother, son, nephew, uncle, grandfather belong to the male gender. And nouns mother, sister, daughter, niece, aunt, grandmother belong to the feminine gender.
An external indicator of the gender of a noun in English is the use of personal (or possessive) pronouns when replacing a noun: he/ He ( his) - for the masculine gender; she/ she ( her) - For female; it/ he she it ( its) - for the middle gender.
The adjective, pronoun and article in English do not change their form when used with nouns denoting persons of different sexes: my little brother/my little brother and my little sister/my little sister

...........................................

5 Songs about family in English

...........................................

6 Family and its members in English idioms

member of a family- family member
to cloth/feed/support a family- clothe / feed / support a family
nuclear family- nuclear family (consisting only of parents and children)
extended family– extended family (including, in addition to parents and children, other close relatives)
lone-parent/one-parent/single-parent family- broken family
to start a family- have children
to raise a family- raising children
in the family way- in position, pregnant
family feed- family feud
family room– common room (in the apartment), living room
family circle- 1) home, family circle; 2) Amer. theater. gallery; balcony
family allowance- allowance for families with many children
family bible- family Bible (on the blank sheets of which the dates of birth, marriage and death are recorded)
family likeness- family resemblance
family name- surname; common name in the family
family estate- family estate
family man- family man; homebody

mother-craft- the ability to raise children
nursing mother- breastfeeding mother
welfare mother- Amer. lonely idle woman receiving child support
mother of all- razg. smth. unsurpassed, exceptional, e.g. mother of all bombs- "mother of all bombs"
every mother's son- all without exception, all to one
mother wit- natural intelligence, ingenuity
mother's day- an annual holiday in honor of mothers

penny-father- miser, miser
Father of Waters- Amer. "father of the waters", Mississippi River
Father Thames- Mother Thames
the father and mother of- razg. something extremely large in scale, something reaching the extreme degree of manifestation
father figure- a person whom the child loves and respects like a father
natural father- father of an illegitimate child
Father's Day- an annual holiday in honor of the fathers (in the USA it is celebrated on the third Sunday of June)
Father Christmas- Father Frost
the Holy Father- the pope
the father of lies- bible. father of lies (of the devil)
to be gathered to one "s fathers- bible. to venerate one's fathers, to die
the father of faith/the faithful- bible. father in faith, father of all believers (about the Old Testament patriarch Abraham)

sob sister- Amer. writer of sentimental or sensational articles, stories
weak sister– member of the group in need of assistance; lagging behind
soul sister– sister by skin color, black sister
big/older sister- elder sister
kid/little/younger sister- younger sister
full sister- jur. full sister
out sister- a nun doing some work outside the monastery

Brother Jonathan- joke. Yankees (nickname of the Americans)
soul brother- brother in spirit
sworn brothers- sworn brothers
brother of the brush- brother in brush (artist)
brother of the quill- fellow writer (writer)
brother in arms- brother in arms (one who, together with someone, participated in a war, battle)
craft-brother- craftsman
blood brother- blood brother
big/older brother- Older brother
kid/little/younger brother- younger brother
brother german- brother
brother-sister corporation- branches of the same company in relation to each other

only son- The only son
to marry off a son- marry son
natural son- bastard son
sons of soil- farmers, peasants
son of a gun- razg. guy, small; int. Damn it)!
the sons of men- bible. sons of men; the human race; humanity, people
prodigal son- bible. prodigal son

to marry off a daughter- to marry off a daughter
daughter nation- descendant people

...........................................

7 Proverbs about family in English

Like father, like son.
What is the father, such is the son.

A tree is known by its fruit.
A tree is known by its fruits.

Many a good father has but a bad son.
Many good fathers have bad sons.

There is a black sheep in every family.
There is a black sheep in every family.

Blood is thicker than water.
Blood is thicker than water.

Charity begins at home.
Charity begins with your family. (Whoever thinks about relatives will not forget strangers either.)

One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters.
One father is better than a hundred teachers.

A miserly father makes a prodigal son.
A miserly father will raise his son with a wast.

Treat your family like friends and your friends like family.
Treat family like friends and friends like family.

Every father should remember that one day his son will follow his example instead of his advice.
Every father should remember that one day his son will follow his example, not his advice.

Blood will tell.
The blood will have an effect.

Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
Don't teach your grandma to eat eggs.

...........................................

8 Games, songs, stories in English with words for family members (flash)

Origin of some English words denoting kinship

Originally English vocabulary makes up about 30% of the entire vocabulary of the English language, but it is she who reflects the most ancient concepts. It is customary to distinguish three groups of native English vocabulary. The first of them is made up of words that go back to the Indo-European layer. In turn, words of Indo-European origin form several fairly clear semantic groups. One such group is the group of kinship terms ( father, mother, brother, son, daughter). For example, the English kinship term father has correspondences in the Gothic language (fadar), in modern German (Vater), in Swedish (fader), as well as outside the Germanic group (Latin pater, Greek pater, Persian pedaer). The presence of these correspondences allows us to assume that the word goes back to the layer of vocabulary common to later branches of languages. Indeed, in Sanskrit we find the root pitr with the same meaning of the closest male lineage. The Indo-European origin of the word is also confirmed if we trace the regular phonological changes and sound parallels described by historians of various languages.
A similar example is the word daughter, which has correspondences not only in other Germanic languages (D.A. dohtor, Gothic dauhtar, Icelandic dottir, Danish datter, Swiss dotter, German Tochter), but also outside the Germanic group (lit. dukte, Russian daughter, Greek thygater, Persian dokhtaer). The Sanskrit word to which all of the above goes back is duhitr.

Based on the materials of the book by VV Eliseeva "Lexicology of the English language".

On sociocultural differences between the words grandmother and the words grandmother

Russian word grandmother and English grandmother- in general, terms (terms of kinship) denoting the mother of the parents. However, what does the Russian grandmother have in common with the English grandmother? These are completely different images, they look different, dress differently, they have completely different functions in the family, different behavior, different image life. Russian word grandmother- one of the not too numerous borrowings in English, denoting a headscarf, a scarf (" a head scarf tied under the chin, worn by Russian peasant women"[a headscarf tied under the chin, similar to what Russian peasant women wear]). A Russian grandmother, as a rule, is even more busy in her new status than before: she raises her grandchildren, runs the household, gives parents the opportunity to work, earn money. English speaking grandmother goes on a "deserved rest": travels, brightly dresses, tries to catch up in terms of entertainment, a pleasant pastime.

From the book by S. G. Ter-Minasova "Language and Intercultural Communication".

Dictionary definitions of the word family

"The American Heritage Dictionary" gives the following interpretation of the word family:
– parents and their children(parents and their children);
– a group of persons related by blood or marriage(a group of persons related by ties of consanguinity or marriage);
– the members of the household(people who lead a common household);
– a group of things with common characteristics(a group of items with common characteristics);
– biol. a group of related plants or animals ranking between a genus and an order(biol. a group of related plants or animals, occupying a place between the genus and the detachment).

Similar interpretations of the word family in "Collins Essential English Dictionary":
a group of people who are related to each other, especially parents and their children(a group of persons who are related, especially parents and their children).
When people talk about their family, they can also mean (When people talk about their family, they can also mean):
– their children(their children);
– one line of their ancestors(ancestors in one line).
You can use family to describe (You can use the word family[in the meaning of "family, family, generic"] for description):
– things that belong to a particular family(things belonging to a particular family);
– things that are designed to be used or enjoyed by both parents and children(things that are made for use by parents and children).
A family of animals or plants is a group of related species(A family of animals or plants is a group of related species.)

"Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture" defines family(family) as:
– one "s parents, grandfather and grandmother, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts etc.(parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts, etc.);
– a group of one or usually two adults and their children living in the same home(a group consisting of one or usually two adults and their children living together);
– all those people descended from a common person (ancestor)(a group of persons having a common ancestor);
– children(children);
– a group of related animals, plants, languages etc(a group of related animals, plants, languages, etc.).

Coloring books, exercises and games with words for family members (in English)

Children's poems about the family in English

A Family

Father Duck goes for a swim
And Mother Duck comes out with him,
And behind them clean and trim
Seven ducklings swim.

Seven little yellow balls:
"Quack, quack, quack," the mother calls.
What a pretty sight they make
Swimming on a sunny lake.

My Mother

I love my mother
She's kind and she's gay,
She reads me the books
And helps me to play.

Father, Mother, Sister, Brother

Here is my father
Here is my mother
Here is my Sister
Here is my Brother.

father, mother,
sister, brother
hand in hand
With one another.

Happy Family

I love my Mother, she loves me
We love Daddy, yes, sire.
He loves us and so you see
We are a happy family.

I love Sister, she loves me
We love Brother, yes, sire.
He loves us and so you see
We are a happy family.

When my sister goes away

When my sister goes away
Says she: "Little brother,
You must take my place today.
Take good care of Mother."

Grandma's Spectacles

These are Grandma's spectacles,
This is Grandma's hat.
This is the way she folds her hands
And lays them in her lap.

Mother May I Go Out to Swim

"Mother, may I go out to swim?"
"Yes, my darling daughter.
Fold your clothes up neat and trim,
But don't go near the water.

good night!

good night mother
good night, father,
Kiss your little son!
good night sister
good night, everyone.

Peter, Peter pumpkin eater
Had a wife but couldn't keep her;
Put her in a pumpkin shell
And there he kept her very well.

English words for beginners on the topic “My family. My Family" divided into three parts: nouns, adjectives and verbs. List No. 1 includes only the most common words on this topic (32 words) with exercises. English words in italics are for general information only. To consolidate vocabulary, a game is offered - "My relatives".

English words for beginners on the topic "My Family". Word List #1

I. Nouns (nouns):

father - father
mother - mother
parents - parents
son - son
daughter - daughter
sister - sister
brother - brother
cousin [‘kʌz (ə) n] - cousin (or sister), cousin (cousin)
sibling - brother or sister
second cousin - second cousin (sister)
twins - twins
aunt - aunt
uncle - uncle
nephew [`nevju:] - nephew
niece [`ni: s] - niece
grandfather - grandfather
grandmother - grandmother
great grandmother - great-grandmother
great grandfather - great-grandfather
grandson - grandson
granddaughter - granddaughter
husband - husband
wife - wife
child - child
children - children
grandchild - grandson
grandchildren - grandchildren
baby - baby
relative - relative

Exercise 1. Family Members

Game in English (for beginners)

For that to remember the names of relatives and learn how to pronounce correctly nephew, niece, aunt, uncle, parents, cousin, I suggest you play the following game online.

How to play. The cards are laid out in front of you. They are upside down. When you click on a card, the announcer says the name of a family member, while the card turns over and you see the word. The essence of the game is that you need to remember where the same cards are, then when you successively click on them, they disappear. You need to get rid of all the cards as quickly as possible. Remember your time and next time try to set a record -

English words for beginners on the topic "My Family". Word List #1 (continued)

II. Adjectives (adjectives):
1. large - large
2. small - small
3. young - young
4. younger
5. old - old
6. elder - senior
7. close - close
8. friendly - friendly
9. favorite - favorite
10. loving - loving

Adjectives in English do not have endings and do not change in gender and number. Adjective large- translated big, big, big, big

III. Verbs (Verbs):

1. have got*- have
2. love - to love
3. love very much - love very much

Test yourself if you know English words on the topic "My Family"

Click 2 times on the word with the mouse to self-test.

father
mother
parents
sister
brother
cousin
twins
uncle
nephew
niece
grandfather
grandmother
great grandmother
husband
child
children
relative
large
small
young
younger
elder
close
friendly
favorite
loving

In the article you will find all the main words on the topic "Family" in English with translation and examples of use. We will explain who is related to whom and how to sort out family relationships.

Family is one of the central topics for everyone who studies a foreign language. Questions family relations play an important role in life, which means they find the corresponding meaning in the language. When a person talks about himself, he touches his marital status. Often in fiction The characters are revealed through relationships with relatives. The family acts as one of key points in the life of society, therefore, it is necessary to know the vocabulary of this topic.

Our loved ones in English

The very word "family" in English sounds like family, and relative - relative (respectively, in the plural - relatives, relatives).

The main relationship is with parents:

mother - mother
father - father

You can combine mother and father in the word parents (parents). In the singular - parent. In colloquial language, it is often not the words mother and father that are used, but their shortened versions. So, mom is addressed using the words ma / mummy / mamma, and dad is called dad / daddy / papa.

Mummy was worried because she didn't know when daddy was coming home Mom was worried because she didn't know when dad would come home.

To look at the parent-child relationship from a different angle, we need words:

son - son
daughter - daughter

Instead of the words son or daughter, we can meet the more general child (child), which can be used in relation to both a boy and a girl. The word child also refers not only to the theme of the family, but also indicates the age itself, denotes a child in a general sense. Its opposite is adult (adult). The plural of child is not formed according to the standard rule, but has the form of an exception - children (children). As a more colloquial synonym for child / children, the word kid (child) is used, which has the standard plural form kids (children).

He has four children – two sons and two daughters- He has four children: two sons and two daughters

The child may not be the only one in the family. Relationships between children

brother - brother
sister - sister

When there are several children in the family, they use the words younger / youngest (youngest / youngest) and elder / eldest (oldest / oldest). For example, my eldest daughter is my eldest daughter.

For twins, the word twins (twins) is used. If we want to clarify the gender of the child, we add the words brother or sister, for example: twin brother (twin brother).

But the family is not limited to parents and children. Relationships with grandparents are transmitted in English through the indicator grand-. For example, grandfather (grandfather). This model of word formation is also used in relation to grandchildren: granddaughter (granddaughter).

My grandmother was an incredible woman- My grandmother was an amazing woman.

We also often turn to grandparents in an affectionate form. So, a grandson would rather call his grandmother grandma or grandmamma, and his grandfather - grandpa / grandad / granddad.

One more great- indicator can be added to word formation with the indicator grand-: great-grandmother (great-grandmother), great-grandfather (great-grandfather). As in the case of grandchildren, the relationship between great-grandchild and great-granddaughter is expressed by the same model: great-grandson (great-grandson), great-granddaughter (great-granddaughter).

All her 13 great-grandchildren have gathered for Christmas- All 13 of her great-grandchildren got together for Christmas

The indicators grand- and great-grand- can be attached to words that unite people of the same relationship: parents (parents) / children (children). For example, grandchildren (grandchildren) or great-grandparents (great-grandparents).

Slightly more distant relatives in English sound like this:

uncle - uncle
aunt - aunt

The other side of this relationship:

niece - niece
nephew - nephew

As can be seen from the examples, relatives in English often already have an indication of the gender of the person in the title. However, there are words that can refer to people of different sexes, like already mentioned child. Other examples are the word cousin (cousin / sister), which does not differ by gender, or the word sibling (sibling brother / sister). Both terms are also used in the plural: siblings (brothers and sisters), cousins ( cousins and sisters). To describe this relationship in Russian, we need to resort to a compositional construction.

Relationships with siblings remain important in old age Relationships with siblings remain important into old age

marital relationship

Separately, you can consider the terms related to marriage:

husband - husband
wife - wife
couple - couple

A common word for husband / wife, which calls itself marital relationship, without specifying gender, is a spouse (spouse / spouse).

The invitation includes their spouses- Invitation includes their spouses

To describe getting married, the following words are used:

bridegroom / groom - groom
bride - bride
wedding - wedding, marriage
marriage - marriage, marriage
married - married / married

English does not distinguish between the verbs to marry / get married depending on the gender of the person: marry (to marry) in relation to both a man and a woman. The synonymous form get married is also used. And in the meaning of “to be married / married” - be married.

I "m a happily married man, but I" ve had to compromise- I am a man who is happily married, but I made compromises

The wedding is preceded by engagement - engagement (to be engaged - to be engaged / engaged). A honeymoon in English is called honeymoon.

After marriage, a person has new relatives. In Russian, it may not be so easy to deal with the relevant terms. Whereas the English language describes the family after marriage and all new family relationships according to a single scheme. An indicator -in-law is added to the terms of kinship, that is, relations not by blood, but bound by law. For example, mother-in-law or mother-in-law is mother-in-law. English brother-in-law in Russian may correspond to the words brother-in-law / brother-in-law / brother-in-law.

James wanted to give his job to his son-in-law James wanted to hand over the job to his son-in-law

Marriages can break up. “Divorce” in English will be divorce, the verb “divorce” has the same form - to divorce. If you need to indicate a relationship that you were in before, you can use the prefix ex- meaning "former":

ex-wife - ex-wife
ex-husband - ex-husband

A family in which the spouses no longer live together, but have not officially divorced, is called separated in English (literally: “separated”).

Terms referring to the death of one of the spouses, as in Russian, are different for a man and a woman:

widow - widow
widower - widower

But there is also a definition that applies regardless of gender: widowed - widowed.

He had been a widower for many years- He remained a widower for many years

When talking about a person who has not married, they use the word single. It can be translated as either "unmarried" or "unmarried" depending on who is being described. But for a man who does not want to start a family, there is also a special word bachelor (bachelor). As in Russian, it has a connotation of a principled position.

Birth and upbringing of a child

Vocabulary refers to the birth of a child:

to expect a baby / be pregnant - expect a baby, be pregnant
to give birth to - give birth

When we talk about raising a child, we use the verbs raise / bring up (to educate).

The vocabulary that describes christenings also belongs to the theme of the family: for example, the verb baptize (to baptize). To describe the relationship between people, word formation is used with the indicator god-: godmother ( godmother) or godchild (godson / goddaughter).

Another step- indicator refers to situations where the blood parent is only one of the spouses: stepfather (stepfather) or stepdaughter (stepdaughter). According to this model, the word sibling is not attached: if we want to generalize, then we use the coordinating construction: stepbrothers and stepsisters ( half brothers and sisters).

She has no conflict with her stepson- She has no conflicts with her stepson

To describe the situation when a child is raised by one parent, the term single-parent family (incomplete family) is used. And a child left without parents is denoted in English by the word orphan (orphan).

Now let's see how the English language describes the foster family. In such situations, we use the verb adopt - adopt / adopt, and the definition looks like adopted (adoptive), for example: adopted son (adoptive son).

As a synonym for adopted child, the expression foster child ( adopted child). The verb foster means "to educate, raise". Other expressions are also used with this verb, for example, foster parents (foster parents), foster family (foster family).

His foster father was a lawyer– His adoptive father was a lawyer

All the interweaving of family relationships form family tree- family tree or otherwise bloodline (pedigree). In this scale of understanding of the family, it is necessary to mention the words ancestor (ancestor) and descendant (descendant).

I want to visit the homeland of our ancestors- I want to visit the homeland of our ancestors