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Sauna stoves with a water tank. Which ones are better?

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A water barrel is an indispensable and obligatory attribute of any bathhouse. In the bathhouse there is a barrel with cool or warm water, and a tank for heating the water is mounted to the stove. Previously, large tubs and tubs made of wood were used in baths for cool or warm water, but now they have been replaced by plastic containers. The PlastPlant company offers plastic barrels for baths of its own manufacture.

These containers are extremely practical and easy to use in conditions of high temperature and humidity.

Why is it worth buying a plastic barrel for a bath?

The low thermal conductivity of plastic walls makes them pleasant to the touch, because experienced bath-goers know very well how unpleasant it is to accidentally touch a metal surface, which becomes either scalding hot or sharply cold.

A container purchased for very little money is guaranteed to serve you for many years.

Note. Plastic containers are intended for cold or warm water, the temperature of which does not exceed +95 degrees.

Advantages of plastic barrels for baths

• Lightness and strength.
• Low thermal conductivity of the material.
• Bright decorative colors.
• Ease of use.
• Convenient shape.
• Resistant to high humidity.
• Plastic is not damaged by fungi and does not rust.
• Extremely affordable price.
• Various shapes and sizes.

We invite you to buy a plastic barrel for a bath!

Our main advantage is that we are a manufacturing company, not a reseller.

Prices and features of installing a bath tank on a pipe

That is why we have a wide range of products and the primary (low) price of any products. When manufacturing plastic barrels and sauna tanks, we took into account all the above requirements and even took care of the appearance.

The most colorful color option is for cooperage utensils, but you can also purchase a tank of any other color - as long as it does not stand out from the general color scheme of the steam room. The assortment includes different shapes of bath water containers; if you don’t want to buy a classic barrel or tub, you can buy a rectangular plastic bath tank.

We invite you to look at our range of barrels and sauna tanks and choose the best option for yourself!

Advantages of metal stoves
Flaws
Options for homemade stoves
Oven with hanging tank
With a samovar-type tank
With remote tank
Oven for a small room
Stove-heater in a metal casing
Making a stove from an iron barrel
Oven without bricks
Small heating stove
Installation rules

In order for the bathhouse to bring maximum benefits, the room must have the correct temperature of the wet steam - approximately +80 C.

An important role in this is played by a sauna stove with a water tank, which you can make yourself.

The variety of models makes you think about choosing a suitable option, so when you decide to make a stove for a bath with a boiler for water, you need to provide for all the details. The main thing you need is to determine the dimensions.

Basically, metal units are used for steam rooms, which have their own characteristics; first you need to consider their advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of metal stoves

Among the positive qualities are:

• Ability to quickly warm up a room.
• The small size allows you to save space in the bath room.
• Easy to manufacture and assemble.
• There is no need to install a foundation due to the lightness of the structure.
• The firebox does not interfere with bath procedures.
• A variety of metal products helps you choose the most convenient shape.
• Installation does not take much time.

Flaws

Negative properties include:

• Relatively small volume of room heating.
• The metal product cools quickly, so it needs to maintain an optimal temperature.
• To avoid fire, when installing such stoves, it is necessary to create additional protection for the ceiling and walls of the bathhouse.

Options for homemade stoves

Self-made sauna stoves with a water tank differ from store-bought products in size, type of heater, shape, material and location of the tank, if any.

To assemble the stove, you need to prepare in advance:

• Sheet steel 5 mm thick for the frame.
• Pipes for supplying water and heat exchanger.
• Grate.
• A mesh for the heater and firebox, as well as a door.
• Connecting taps and couplings.
• Chimney, corner.
• Bulgarian.
• Welding machine and electrodes.

Oven with hanging tank

This option for placing the container is simple and consists in the fact that a flat hinged tank for a sauna stove is tightly attached to the outside.

In this case, the water is heated thanks to the metal walls of the entire structure.

With this installation method, the water does not heat up so quickly; it may not even boil. As for volume, there are no restrictions here.

With a samovar-type tank

These are containers that are placed on or around the chimney.

Due to combustion products, the pipe walls are heated to a high temperature - several hundred degrees. The advantage of this design is that the water in the bath is heated quickly from the stove and the water remains hot for a long time.

The tank can have any shape: cylinder, rectangle, oval.

It can be made to cover the entire length of the chimney up to the ceiling, or a reservoir can be made to cover only a small part.

There is a minor drawback of this system - possible overcooling of a certain section of the pipe. Due to the formation of a cold plug, soot will be deposited in that area.

With remote tank

This is the most convenient way of location. If the container is separated from the stove, it can be moved to any place.

Bath stove with a water heat exchanger: connecting the tank to the stove

With this installation, excess damp steam is not generated, since sauna stoves with a remote water tank do not warm up the room earlier than necessary. Read also: “Correct and practical location of the stove in the sauna - possible options.”

In addition, this design allows you to simultaneously heat water and heat other rooms in the bathhouse, such as the washing room.

If you want to equip a sauna with hot dry air, a sauna stove with a remote tank is the most suitable solution.

Stages of work:

• Prepare the potbelly stove.
• Make an open niche for stones above the firebox.
• The tank and register for heating water are best made of stainless steel.
• A water container hung on the wall should be positioned so that its edge is half a meter above the register level.
• Now you need to connect the remote tank to the sauna stove.

  To do this, use clamps and a rubber hose that should hang down. It is preferable to use pipes instead of a hose, it will be safer.

Oven for a small room

It is not difficult to make such a model, adhering to standard dimensions - 160x70x70 cm. Parts made of 5 mm sheet metal are connected using a welding machine. It turns out to be a compact stove for a small bath with minimal heat capacity, which is enough for such a room. Read also: “What types of stainless steel bath tanks are there and how to install them.”

In the center of the stove there is a heater and a tank, which is filled with water through the provided side hole. The firebox is located at the bottom, and the bricks for its manufacture are laid on edge, just like for a heater.

Stove-heater in a metal casing

Sheet steel is used for the body of such a product.

The inside of the stove is lined with bricks, and the firebox is usually lined with half a brick.

The heater is a suitable design for self-production. Such a stove for a bath with heated water requires a minimum amount of fuel. Water enters the tank through a hole made on the side. Read also: “How a sauna stove with a water circuit for heating works.”

Making a stove from an iron barrel

To create this unpretentious product, first cut out the bottom and get rid of the top, leaving a cylinder.

Then you need to install a grate on the bricks. The inside of the barrel is lined with bricks, which are placed edgewise. The remaining 2/3 of the area is laid with stones. At the final stage, a chimney is made.

For safety, the structure is closed with a lid. Although this is correct, it is not very convenient, because the lid will have to be removed from time to time when more steam is needed.

Oven without bricks

This type uses thick sheet metal, so there is no need for bricks. After welding work to assemble the frame, an ash pit and a ash pit are equipped.

The firebox is made higher, and for the stove to work well, it is better to cover it with a grate with stones. For a metal product without brickwork, the chimney is installed on the side.

A simple product allows you to quickly carry out the work, but, unfortunately, this model has a short service life.

Small heating stove

If there is a need, then in the bathhouse, along with the main stove, a small one is additionally installed. This significantly increases the flow of hot air and heating of the bath room.

Stages of work:

1. A metal water container in the shape of a cylinder - 75x45 cm - is mounted on the side of the stove.
2. The interior walls are lined with bricks.
3. Pipes are connected for supplying cold water, as well as for discharging hot water.

   A faucet is installed (read: “What types of bath faucets are there - a reliable water supply device”).

Installation rules

After assembling a metal stove, it is important to install it correctly:

• For convenience, the firebox door is made so that it opens from the side of the steam room.
• The area for the stove should be 70x70 cm, height – 20 cm.
• It is necessary to step back correctly from the wall so that the distance to the stove is 20 cm.
• When constructing a foundation, the height is important; it should be 30 cm.
• A double row of brickwork is provided, which is secured with clay mortar.
• At the point where the chimney exits, the brickwork is made about 12 cm thicker.
• The section of pipe connecting the ceiling and roof must be plastered and whitewashed.

If the bathhouse structure is made of wood, then when installing a metal stove, the pipe is lined with bricks 120 cm high.

It must be remembered that the main thing when installing and further operating a sauna stove with a water tank is compliance with all the rules. A metal stove is a reliable and durable structure, as it is made from thick sheet iron.

Making a bath unit yourself is much cheaper and more profitable than buying one.

Although such stoves are simple and do not require special care, but, like any product, they also need to be looked after.

When manufacturing and installing a homemade structure, you must follow safety precautions.

Without neglecting the basic principles of using the stove, you can enjoy its operation in the bathhouse for a long time.

Boiler for bath drawings hot water tank or storage tank

Boiler for a bathhouse drawings of a hot water tank or storage tank with a capacity of one hundred liters, homemade design, and not difficult to manufacture.

It is good to use in a small bathhouse, where the steam room is combined with a sink.

Let's consider the hot water preparation scheme.

Radiator. Standard, cast iron, assembled from four sections (the distance between the axes of the inlet and outlet pipes is 500mm). It is mounted in the heating stove at the level of the grate on the right or left side of the furnace compartment of the stove relative to the heating door.
2.

Expansion tank (storage tank). Serves as a vibration damping device for the hot water tank during its release from the radiator.
The container size is 200x200x140mm. It is welded from stainless steel sheets 2…3 mm thick. To give additional rigidity to the body, stiffening ribs are welded inside it, which dampen the energy of the release of heated water and at the same time serve as additional passage channels.

The heated product enters and exits through inch pipes.
3.

What types of stainless steel bath tanks are there and how to install them

Boiler for a bath. The boiler size is 706x706x210mm. It is welded from stainless steel sheets 3…4 mm thick. Inch flows are provided for water inlet and outlet. For structural rigidity, twenty-five millimeter wide plates are welded on top along the perimeter.

We connect the three presented units with one-inch galvanized pipes or heat-resistant rubber hoses. Moreover, the outlet from the tank and the inlet to the radiator, the pipeline must be positioned horizontally or at an angle towards the radiator.

Place the storage tank above the boiler. The system must be built in such a way that the radiator is completely filled with the working medium. This will keep the radiator intersection gaskets intact from overheating. The principle of steam heating is taken as the basis. The water heats up and rises to the top, circulating in a closed circuit. Heating to boiling temperature occurs within two and a half to three hours. This scheme was tested in my own bathhouse. Works flawlessly.

The hot water tank is located not far from the floors, it is convenient to throw hot water on the hot stones.

In this design, the chimney is made in the center, inside the container.

The size of the chimney corresponds to the laying of a pipe made of six standard red stove bricks per row (250x250mm). The chimney in the center increases the rigidity and strength of the product, which can easily withstand the considerable weight of the brick pipe. It is welded from stainless steel sheets five millimeters thick. It provides for the following steps:
- cold product inlet (one second of an inch);
- output of hot product in the washing compartment (three quarters of an inch);
- output of hot product in the steam compartment (one second of an inch);
-technological hole for pressure relief (at your discretion),
they are supplied with the appropriate piping, taking into account the layout of the entire room.

A red brick pipe is installed on top.

A detailed diagram of the pipe order is described in the article “Pipe drawing. Building a red brick pipe. Order scheme."
The fire from the combustion chamber of the furnace passes through the stones and the tank. After 2.5...3 hours, the firebox heats up the stones and water. The heat from the stones keeps the contents of the container hot for a long time.

Materials for installing chimneys
Types of tanks
Advantages and disadvantages of installing a reservoir on a hose

Heating and sauna have their own properties. This is due to several reasons. The first is infrequent use and intense heating. The second is not ordinary, but rather high consumption of hot water.

Materials for installing chimneys

Chimneys must meet the following parameters:

• Resistant to soot, which can lead to the destruction of finished materials.
• Compliance with fire safety requirements.

In this regard, modern buildings can only be equipped with structures that fully comply with the requirements.

• Brick chimneys. Brick is a fire-resistant material with good heat transfer, which helps quickly heat the room and maintain temperature. But this material requires special installation capabilities and regular cleaning.

  These properties prevent the water heater tank from being installed in a hose. In this case, it is recommended to use a remote model.

• Ceramic building elements can withstand high temperatures and have a long life, but they are quite expensive.
• Asbestos cannot be used in chimney installations because it does not tolerate sudden changes in temperature.
• Ferrous metal is not suitable for work in the required conditions, as it burns quickly and weighs a lot.
• Stainless steel is more resistant to temperature changes and has a more affordable price.

  The most popular option is stainless steel chimneys. Due to low thermal conductivity, metal products heat up quickly and do not retain heat. This function is used to quickly heat water with minimal fuel costs.

Types of tanks

The water heating tank for a pipe stove is a special tank for heating water.

Steel, stainless steel or cast iron can be used to manufacture this product.

Each of these materials has its own characteristics:

• Cast iron products It heats up slowly, which leads to high fuel consumption. However, water in a cast iron container can remain hot for a long time after heating. Castrate is very heavy, so such products can be installed on a wall or on a slab.
• Steel tanks heat quickly and at the same time cool at the same speed.

  In addition, steel is susceptible to corrosion.

• Stainless steel has high corrosive properties, quickly heats up and cools down. However, the relatively light weight allows the capabilities to be installed without any major problems. This design can be used to install a bathtub in a stainless steel tube.

The location of the tank on the chimney plays a very important role, as it depends on fuel consumption and the degree of complexity of the device.

• The most expensive way to store a container remotely. Installing such a system requires the installation of an additional heat exchanger and the amount of water from the boiler to the heating water of the container (see “How to Flue Gas Heat Exchanger - Complex Designs and Assembly Procedures”).

  In this case, water is supplied naturally, but with very long pipes only a pump can ensure normal operation. However, this method has its advantages. This is an opportunity to find anywhere.

• The most popular is the built-in method.

  This means that the reservoir is located directly in the oven.

  Bath water tank: types and installation options

  Such a system does not depend on the structure of the chimney and stove, and also heats the space and water.

• Using the hanging method, the container is mounted on the wall of the furnace. The use of dissipative heat slows down the heating process and water can be used to a limited extent. The advantage of this method is the ability to move and remove the container at any time. Also read: How to Make Your Own Bathtub - Step by Step.

Advantages and disadvantages of installing a reservoir on a hose

The popularity of this method is explained by its economics.

Installing the container on the bath allows heating with minimal fuel costs.

The gases emitted by the chimney can reach temperatures of up to 5000 °C. This stimulates rapid warming. The heat used to heat the room is used in parallel to heat water. While the bath is heating, the water temperature does not decrease.

Using the chimney as a heating element allows you to use the entire length, which allows you to significantly increase the volume of the tank.

When calculating the volume of the tank, water consumption per person is at least 10 liters. Therefore, installing a pipe water tank in the bathtub is a very practical option.

No additional pumps, heaters or heat exchangers are required for heating. This greatly simplifies the process of installing water heaters.

July 28, 2016
Specialization: facade finishing, interior finishing, construction of summer houses, garages. Experience of an amateur gardener and gardener. We also have experience in repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and many other things that I don’t have time for :)

There are a number of requirements for heating water for a bath, the main ones being that a large volume of liquid must be heated, and in the shortest possible time. Currently, there are quite a few ways to solve this problem, however, the most popular is a tank on a pipe for a bathhouse. Below I will tell you about the features of this solution, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as the types of containers that are used for these purposes.

Features of heating water in a tank on a pipe

Black baths, when smoke from the stove came directly into the room, are a thing of the past. Nowadays, steam rooms are equipped with chimneys that allow gases to escape. Thus, not only are comfortable conditions for staying in the steam room created, but the durability of the bath itself is also increased.

At the same time, the highest temperature in the furnace is obtained at the outlet, which is due to hot gases, the temperature of which can reach 500 degrees. As a result, the chimney pipe heats up to very high temperatures.

Thanks to this property, heating water in a tank installed on the chimney is most efficient. In fact, in this case the samovar principle is used. Therefore, such tanks are also called “samovar”.

This heating method has a number of advantages:

• due to the high temperature of the gases, heating is carried out very quickly;
• heat is used for heating, which is simply discharged to the street, thus increasing the efficiency of the stove;
• the water in the tank remains hot during the entire time the sauna is heated;
• the tank can have a large volume, since it can be positioned along the entire chimney. Moreover, with an increase in volume, the water heating time does not increase, as is the case with other types of structures;
• the container does not require additional elements, for example, pumps, heating elements, etc.;
• installing the tank is not difficult to do with your own hands;
• In this case, the durability of the chimney increases, since the pipes burn out more slowly.

Of course, along with the advantages, this solution also has some disadvantages:

• it is impossible to control the liquid level and its heating temperature;

• To get “dry” steam, you cannot bring the liquid to a boil. In the case of a tank on a chimney, this condition cannot be met;

• Installing a large tank is quite difficult, as it is heavy. Therefore, the installation instructions for such containers require the use of a fastening system. Moreover, the weight should not fall on the stove, but on other load-bearing elements, for example, walls;
• If the container is not located immediately above the stove or has a large volume, it is difficult to pour water into it, since the hole is located high.

It should also be noted that not every chimney can be used for these purposes. The main requirement for it is good thermal conductivity of the material from which it is made. For example, a brick or asbestos chimney is completely unsuitable for this purpose.

The best option is a metal product. Moreover, a stainless steel chimney is preferable, since ordinary iron quickly burns out.

The most durable are ceramic chimneys. True, their cost is very high, so they are rarely used in baths.

Types and features

A tank for heating water on a pipe exists in different configurations. The main differences lie in two parameters:

• the material from which the product is made;
• design on which the principle of heating water depends.

Below I will tell you about all the types and features of such tanks.

Materials

Water heating containers are most often made from the following materials:

• cast iron– products made from this material have a number of disadvantages, among which are high fuel consumption for heating water, and the liquid heats up very slowly in them. In addition, they are heavy, which can cause difficulties during installation.
  However, cast iron products also have one important advantage - they retain heat for a long time. The water remains hot almost all day, which in some cases is a decisive parameter when choosing;
• steel– the main advantage of these products is their low price; in addition, they heat up quickly, although they also cool down quickly. Their main disadvantage is that they are susceptible to corrosion, as a result of which they are short-lived;
• galvanized– these products are more resistant to corrosion than conventional steel containers, however, over time they also begin to rust. Therefore, they also cannot be called durable;

• stainless steel– such products have the same characteristics as containers made of ordinary iron, however, they are resistant to corrosion. Of course, the cost of such containers is one and a half to two times higher than galvanized ones.

You can also find enamel tanks on sale. They are more durable than regular steel ones.
However, over time, chips and cracks appear on them, in place of which corrosion forms.

Thus, it is better to choose a cast iron or stainless steel tank, depending on your needs.

Operating principle

According to the principle of operation, existing chimney tanks are divided into two types:

• samovar - this design is the simplest and most economical, therefore it is most popular. Actually, all the features of water heating described above apply specifically to it;

• remote - in this case, not the entire tank is installed on the pipe, but only a small container called a heat exchanger. The main tank can be installed anywhere in the bathhouse on the wall. This is the main advantage of this design.

As for efficiency, the water in such containers heats up just as quickly as in samovar-type structures. In this case, it is possible to control the liquid level in the tank, as well as the heating temperature.

The only thing you should take into account is that if the container is located at a height of more than 3 m, a pump will be needed for normal circulation.

To make a choice, you need to evaluate all the advantages and disadvantages of each option and settle on the most optimal solution for you.

In the photo - a remote container

Volume calculation

So, we have figured out the types and features of tanks for chimneys. Finally, I will tell you how to calculate the optimal volume.

This is done extremely simply - one person requires 10 liters of water for bath procedures and 5 liters for a shower, i.e. only 15 liters. Of course, it is advisable to calculate the volume with a margin - it will be 20-25 liters per person.

As a result, if the bathhouse is designed for a family of four, a capacity of 80-100 liters is sufficient. The cost of such a stainless steel product is about 5,000 rubles.

Conclusion

Tanks installed on chimneys, although they have some disadvantages, nevertheless provide the most efficient heating of water. Therefore, nowadays they have become the most popular solution. The only thing, keep in mind that their choice must be approached competently, taking into account the nuances outlined above.

You will find more information in the video in this article. If after reading the material you have any questions, ask them in the comments, and I will be happy to answer you.

It is impossible to imagine a bathhouse without water. And if the issue with the appearance of cold water is solved by connecting a centralized water supply, then with the production of hot liquid everything is somewhat more complicated. The problem of hot water supply can be solved by using storage tanks.

Purpose

A water tank is a reservoir designed to organize hot water supply. Regardless of the type and volume, it has an opening for cold water, as well as shut-off and distribution valves for hot water.

Despite the variety of electric and gas heating devices, the water tank does not lose its position. Its use allows you to save electricity and gas consumption. In addition, the tank remains the only device for heating water if there are power outages or the gas in the cylinders runs out.

Hot water in the bathhouse is used mainly for washing after the steam room. In addition, it is necessary for household needs and washing. Finally, hot water in the steam room serves as an additional way to heat the room and get hot steam, which is so beneficial for health.

Types

The following main types of bath tanks are distinguished.

Built-in

In this case, the water container is installed on the bottom of the stove, and on top it is combined with the firebox. A special feature of the tank is that its bottom is in direct contact with the fire, due to which a high rate of water heating and long-term temperature retention are achieved. Hot liquid is drawn from the top of the container or through the built-in tap.

Direct contact of the tank with fire imposes special requirements on its design. It must be heat-resistant, not subject to deformation, with thick walls. Its size is determined by the dimensions of the heater. The inconvenience is that the efficiency of the latter decreases, since most of the heat is spent on heating the tank.

Remote

The remote model is mounted outside the steam room - in the washing room or dressing room. Such tanks are usually installed on a furnace with a heat exchanger and connected to it via brass or copper pipes.

The operating principle of the design is based on the fact that cold water falls down and enters the heat exchanger, and hot water, on the contrary, rises and enters the tank.

The advantage of the design is reliability and long-term preservation of high water temperature. The disadvantage is that the walls of the tank heat up, which can cause burns.

On the pipe

If hot water is needed throughout the day, then a tank on a pipe is optimal. Heating of water, and quite quickly, is carried out using thermal energy. The temperature of the smoke in the chimney is about 500 degrees C, so heating occurs quickly.

The design on the chimney is characterized by dimensions and high heat capacity. Its use prevents the risk of leakage of carbon monoxide released during operation of the furnace, since by surrounding the pipe, the water tank becomes its protection.

The most common is the samovar type model, which is equipped with a single or double fitting. May have different capacity and appearance.

Tanks on a pipe, in turn, can have the following types.

Reservoir built into the pipe

In this design, the chimney pipe is located inside the tank and is non-removable, installed when organizing the chimney. The reservoir has the shape of a rectangle or cylinder. It is important that the lower entrance of the pipe has a high-quality seal. Otherwise, leakage of the tank cannot be avoided. In this design, water flows by gravity directly into the washing or intermediate bowl.

Suspension

It is a type of removable structure for the chimney column, so it can be attached to an already installed chimney. The tank is placed close to the pipe, securely fixing it. The presence of a gutter on the back wall of the container, repeating the shape and diameter of the chimney, will provide better fixation and a tight fit of the container to the pipe.

The disadvantage is the risk of burns when using this system. In addition, if the tank is small, the water in it begins to boil, which is unacceptable in any type of tank. You can prevent boiling by periodically draining hot water and then adding cold water to the container. It is more convenient to do this if you have a tap for draining hot water.

The tank can be mounted on a pipe at different heights. The simplest method is to install the container directly on the stove. The advantage is simpler installation, no need to purchase special brackets, and an almost unlimited choice of tank volume. However, due to the low location of the device, it cannot be combined with a shower.

For small steam rooms, you can choose a hanging corner option, the use of which does not clutter the room. As a rule, such tanks are horizontal. A horizontal tank is usually oval in shape, resembling a barrel.

Installation on a chimney column requires special fastenings. The volume of the tank is limited, but this design makes it possible to supply hot water to the shower.

For large companies (that is, if a large volume of hot water is needed), it is worth considering installing the tank in the attic. The ceilings will become a reliable base for the container, so the choice of its volume is very wide.

The main thing is to take care of reliable thermal insulation of the attic space, otherwise the heat loss will be colossal.

Pristavnoy

There is also an attached tank that does not require pipework. Externally, it looks like a “canister” with a tap, which is simply attached to the wall of the oven. Such a device has not become widespread due to its low efficiency. The water in the “canister” heats up slowly and unevenly: it is hotter at the points of contact with the stove.

If the stove is in the corner of the steam room, then one side of it is the combustion part, the second remains free for an additional container. It turns out that the place where the water comes out of the tap is inconvenient. True, the use of a pump can correct the situation.

Devices of this type are equipped with a removable lid or neck with a diameter of at least 10 cm. The second option is more common. Although the neck makes it difficult to clean the container, this design is more reliable.

Tanks are supplied ready-made and can have various shapes and dimensions. The best option is a stainless steel tank. The available version is galvanized steel analogues, which, however, have a shorter service life.

For large baths equipped with powerful stoves, an expansion tank is recommended. Its feature is the ability to compensate for excess pressure in the heating system, which is always inevitable when the water temperature rises. In essence, this is a standard large-volume storage tank with the function of maintaining optimal water pressure.

Depending on the method of heating the tank, the following types are distinguished:

• heating from the stove;
• use of heating elements.

The choice of a specific option depends on the volume of the tank and the characteristics of the bath procedures being carried out.

If the bathhouse is intended for 1-3 people and, accordingly, the tank is of small volume, you can use containers with a heating element. This will avoid a situation where the bathhouse is already quite warm and comfortable, but the water has not yet warmed up, and therefore you have to waste fuel and wait for the water to heat up.

For large companies, as well as lovers of long bath procedures, containers heated by a stove are usually recommended. While you are steaming, it manages to warm up a large volume of water - just enough for 4-7 people or more (depending on the type of device).

Materials

Such characteristics of the tank as reliability and durability, the rate of heating and cooling of water, are largely determined by the material used to make the tank.

Among the most popular are tanks made from the following materials.

Stainless steel

The material is characterized by strength, resistance to mechanical stress and deformation, and high temperatures. Environmental friendliness and anti-corrosion resistance are also advantages of stainless steel tanks.

The water in them heats up quickly, but due to its high thermal conductivity it cools down faster. Such designs are made in the shape of a cylinder or rectangle.

The basis of such a tank is sheet steel. If it is chrome-plated or stainless steel, then it is characterized by low light absorption. Such a tank will reflect light, thereby increasing the degree of illumination in the steam room.

Cast iron

Cast iron products are characterized by increased strength and an impressive (at least 40-50 years) service life. The material is characterized by low thermal conductivity, so heated water remains hot for a long time.

Cast iron tanks warm up a little slower than their stainless steel counterparts. However, they are able to maintain high water temperatures almost all day. Another advantage is the absence of deformation and rust.

The disadvantages are the heavy weight of the structure and the associated installation difficulties.

Other types of metal

Steel tanks are characterized by much lower performance compared to the options described above. They are prone to deformation, corrosion, and are not durable. Even with proper care of the tank, it is difficult to avoid corrosion, which affects the purity of the water and the durability of the tank. You can reduce the likelihood of its occurrence by draining the tank after use and wiping it dry.

Galvanized steel tanks have better corrosion resistance compared to metal ones, but they also fail quite quickly.

Enameled tanks can also be used for baths, but you should not rely on their durability. A fairly common problem is chipped enamel, which causes unprotected parts of the tank to corrode. Such designs have a much lower cost. However, they cannot be painted with heat-resistant paints, since the heating process begins to release toxins. If there are chips and cracks, it is better to avoid using an enameled metal tank altogether.

An inexpensive option for a homemade tank would be a container welded from several sheets of aluminum. If you have galvanized sheets, you will be able to obtain a product protected from corrosion.

Plastic and wood

On sale today you can find plastic tanks that imitate wooden barrels. Naturally, they are not intended for heating water. These bowls are used for cold water or mixing hot and cold water. In this case, do not forget that hot water is poured into cold water, and not vice versa.

A good option for storing cold water is an oak barrel, which is environmentally friendly, durable and attractive in appearance.

Sizes and shapes: optimal volume

You can choose the optimal tank volume based on the number of users. On average, one person requires 18-26 liters of water. About 10-12 liters are required for bath procedures, another 5-7 liters for showering or ablution after a bath. In addition, it is always necessary to make provisions for unforeseen situations.

On sale you can find many models of structures of different volumes, as a rule, it ranges from 20 to 200 liters. The range of volumes of electric analogues is slightly smaller - from 30 to 100 liters.

When choosing the volume of the tank, remember that the thickness of the walls depends on it. The larger the volume of liquid the tank holds, the thicker the walls it should have. For tanks of 50 liters, the optimal thickness is about 1 mm; for tanks with a volume of about 50 liters, the wall thickness is 1.5 mm. As the wall thickness increases, the weight of the product increases accordingly.

The dimensions of the tank per pipe depend not only on the needs of users for a certain volume of water, but also on the diameter of the pipe itself. In this case, you can determine the required volume of the tank by squaring the radius of the base of the pipe, and then multiplying the number “pi” equal to 3.14 by a constant mathematical constant. After this, multiply the resulting number by the expected height of the cylinder (or, if we are talking about installing the tank from the stove to the ceiling, by this distance).

The shape of the tank can be round, cylindrical or rectangular. When choosing a shape, it is important to focus not only on your own aesthetic preferences, but also on the location of the tank.

If the tank is mounted in a furnace, preference should be given to round devices. The walls of such a tank can withstand pressure well, so it will be more durable.

Installation and connection

The installation and connection diagrams of the tank depend on its location and the characteristics of the bathhouse.

If you are at the stage of building a bathhouse, it is recommended to take care now of increasing the comfort of the building. To do this, separate the steam room and washing area and install a remote-type tank in the latter. In this case, the water is supplied under voltage, so you cannot do without a closed water supply system.

A homemade system can be organized using a furnace equipped with an internal coil and connected to the tank. Another option is to hang the bowl above the stove. For such a scheme, a simple tank of 50-120 liters is sufficient, which you can weld with your own hands, which will significantly reduce costs. For a small family, a standard 80 liter tank is sufficient, which is not difficult to purchase in a store.

If everything is installed and connected correctly, then the water, being heated in the register, rises to the top. Gradually cooling down, it is lowered back into the register. In other words, the principle of natural circulation is implemented.

In this case, installation is carried out in several stages:

• the tank is mounted under the ceiling and connected by pipes to the coil;
• Ensuring proper water circulation will be possible by connecting the upper outlet of the tank with the upper outlet of the coil, the bottom - with the bottom (that is, after connection, the hot water outlet will be at the top, cold - at the bottom);
• at the entry point of the cold water supply, so-called “explosives” should be installed - a safety valve; a check valve should also be installed here;
• the maximum permissible pressure at which the safety valve is activated is set (the setting is made in accordance with the instructions of the heating tank).

It is important that the length of the circuits is no more than 2.5 m. The advantage of the system is that when the water reaches the desired temperature, its movement through the pipes can be stopped.

If you install the tank directly on the stove, then lay an 8-10 mm asbestos sheet between them. This will prevent the water from boiling. But this method is only suitable for stoves whose heater is located on the side. The preferred shape of a water container is rectangular.

To learn how to install a water tank in a bathhouse, see the following video.

• If you decide to install the tank in the firebox yourself, choose a device that is resistant to heat and temperature changes and a wall thickness of at least 1 mm. The best option is a stainless steel bowl. The basis of such a design can be food grade stainless steel AISI 304, which is characterized by high cost. The price can be reduced by about one and a half times by using the AISI 430 grade. The latter is not inferior in its technical properties to its food analogue.
• Cast iron tanks above the heater must be securely fastened to the ceiling with a metal frame and hooks. When using a remote tank, do not forget to drain the remaining water in the tank during the cold season. This will prevent the water in the pipes from freezing.

• To increase the heating rate and ensure its uniformity in the tank on the pipe, its location from the stove to the ceiling will allow it. This will ensure maximum use of the heating element and, accordingly, speed up the heating process.
• If you need to heat large volumes of water (up to 200 liters or more), it is better to opt for products with a heat exchanger. If you are installing a large-volume tank on a pipe, make sure that its weight falls on the load-bearing elements (walls), and not on the stove and pipe.
• The tank itself can be made of enameled or stainless steel. The second option is, of course, preferable.

Please note that pipe water heaters must be coated with factory-made heat-resistant enamel. Galvanized and painted analogues do not have the required heat resistance.

• It is important that the chimney column has good thermal conductivity, and therefore tanks are not installed on brick and asbestos pipes. A metal pipe, preferably stainless steel, is the best option. However, it is better to avoid using iron - it burns out too quickly. A ceramic chimney is considered the most durable, but not everyone can afford it due to its high cost.
• If you make a metal tank with your own hands, then anti-corrosion treatment is required. To do this, it should be painted inside and outside with special compounds. The latter are used only on a thoroughly cleaned and degreased surface.

• If the bathhouse has several shower heads or a shower panel with hydromassage options and numerous water spray modes, a pump must be installed. Its task is to provide the necessary water pressure. It is important that its operation be silent. This is best demonstrated by plastic pipes and fittings.

It is important that the plastic pipes used are heat-resistant. When choosing metal pipes, ½ or ¼ inch steel products are sufficient. The pump itself is located outside the bathhouse, for example, in a utility room or plumbing hatch.

• When choosing the type of tank installation, you should take into account the area of ​​the steam room, the thermal efficiency of the stove and the volume of the tank. If the stove is small, like the steam room itself, it is better not to reduce the productivity of the first and not to clutter up the space of the second, but to move the tank outside the steam room.
• Inconveniences can also arise with a high efficiency stove located in a small steam room. In this case, the water in the tank will quickly heat up and then boil away. The atmosphere in the steam room will become tense and uncomfortable. The room will be filled with excessively hot, humid air. Users are simply forced to open the door to the dressing room to let off steam. And this is a direct path to drafts and colds. In this case, it is better to choose a small tank. If this is not possible, install a system with a heat exchanger and remove the tank to a washing room.

• It is important that the container has a convenient water intake for hot water. When using a samovar or remote device, it is better that they have taps. It is unsafe to draw water from above them.

In connection with the development of suburban construction, items for decorating the interior of the house and the area around it have become widespread. Depending on the preferences and financial capabilities of the homeowner, these decorations can have a wide variety of shapes, and a wide variety of materials can be used to make them.

These include natural materials - granite, marble, artificial ones - polymers, papier-mâché. Such interior decorations come in the form of alpine slides, artificial ponds and sculptures of various shapes and sizes.

Of all the materials used for interior decoration, papier-mâché is perhaps the easiest to make. Anyone, without any special skills, can make papier-mâché crafts for their garden.

The figurines installed on the site are becoming more and more popular - numerous animals, gnomes, storks and elephants, various fairy tale heroes make the surrounding interior fabulous and interesting. The children's delight will be guaranteed! And especially if they still participate in the process of making the sculpture.

What is papier-mâché?

This is a mass that includes various materials such as paper, cardboard and fastening elements in the form of adhesives, plaster, etc. In general, translated from French, papier-mâché means “chewed paper.” The first products made from this material were discovered during archaeological research in China and dated back to the 3rd century BC.

This material is widely used in the manufacture of models, dummies, props, and after special processing, for the manufacture of elements of furniture structures or other design elements.

Methods for making a papier-mâché sculpture

In practice, two methods are used to produce products (sculptures) from this material.

Method 1

• a model of the future sculpture is made;
• Several layers of paper are glued onto the prepared model (the number of layers can reach 100).

The result is a sculpture that is hollow inside.

Method 2

• the paper is finely chopped, placed in hot water and kept for about 24 hours;
• After aging, the paper is boiled, squeezed out and dried. The dried mass is thoroughly mixed with chalk powder, and glue (carpentry or paste) is added during the mixing process;
• As a result of mixing, a homogeneous mass is obtained, which can be placed in a pre-prepared form or applied to the frame of a future sculpture.

Frameless sculptures are solid without internal emptiness.

Materials used to make papier-mâché sculptures

Paper with a density of 40-60 g/m2 (newspaper) is used as the main materials; wood glue, paste or PVA glue is used as the adhesive component. To increase the strength characteristics of the sculpture, it is advisable to use reinforcing materials, this can be gauze and plastic mesh, which is placed between layers of papier-mâché.

When making papier-mâché for the garden, you must be sure to remember the effects of precipitation in the form of rain or morning dew. That is why, to extend the life of a papier-mâché craft, after manufacturing it must be carefully primed with water-repellent putty, and after painting, apply several layers of varnish.

One of the factors that can significantly shorten the life of a handmade sculpture is invisible pests - mold, mildew, microorganisms. In order to minimize harm during the production of the mass, it is necessary to make special additives. It could be salt, lavender oil. To remove the smell of glue, you can add various fragrances.

Required tools and materials

• paper, cardboard;
• glue - wallpaper or PVA, you can also use homemade paste;
• paints and brushes;
• oilcloth - to protect the working surface;
• sunflower oil and liquid soap;
• frame for gluing;
• protective gloves;
• knife or scissors.

Variety of shapes

By showing creativity, anyone can make papier-mâché sculptures in full accordance with their fantasies. The fact is that with a large selection of garden figures in construction supermarkets, they repeat each other, these are gnomes, hedgehogs, various animals, and you must agree that the presence of identical gnomes in neighboring areas is unlikely to please your child.

As a test product, you can try your hand at making figures of mushrooms, fruits and vegetables, that is, the simplest figures with a ball at the base. On the surface lies the idea of ​​​​arranging a copy of the Cheops pyramid on your site. As you gain experience, you can move on to more complex forms.

Installation of sculptures

The weight of the resulting figure is determined by its size, but in any case, the structure made of paper and glue will have a small mass and therefore, when installing it on the site, you need to think about the issue of location. It is advisable that this be a place protected from the wind; if there is no such place, then the sculpture must be fixed to the ground, or it must be dug in slightly, or an anchor must be used; a weight can be pre-installed inside the papier-mâché figure for the garden.

Despite the fact that the figures are protected from moisture, it must be remembered that papier-mâché is based on paper, which is not at all friendly with excess moisture, so the installation location should minimize the access of excess water in the form of rain or dew.

After the end of the summer season, the sculptures must be removed from the site and moved indoors, otherwise snow and frost can destroy them.

The resulting result will delight you, your children and loved ones for a long time, and most importantly, what will be installed on your site will not be a repetition of mass-produced store-bought crafts. Yes, probably, store-bought sculptures can last longer, but on the other hand, this is an incentive to make new figures and sculptures for the new season.