Beautiful moire tints. Iridescent fabric - moire: what kind of material is it

Moire fabric - varieties, properties, clothing care in photographs.

The word "moire" or "moire" in French means “creating waves” or “irridescent.” Initially, this was the name for silk fabric, the surface of which has special effect: When illuminated, it forms an iridescent pattern, similar to waves or layers of wood.

The beauty of this material even gave rise to the term “moire”, which is used to refer to transitions color shades in graphic images. Currently, moire is most often made on the basis of acetate and synthetics; it has become more affordable, but remains just as beautiful.

Production and use

The threads are dyed in advance. This fabric can have different thicknesses and densities, but is always monochromatic.

The finished fabric is subjected to calendering - a special treatment with heated cylinders that displace the weft threads and compress them. Deformation of the structure leads to a change in the refraction of light and the appearance of iridescent optical patterns on the surface of the material, giving it special beauty and sophistication, and the product made from it - a dynamic play of shades.

Silk moire began to be produced in France. In the 18th century, he personified luxury and high social status.

This beautiful iridescent fabric was used for order ribbons, rich decoration, and creating luxurious interiors. Over time, moire has become one of the most sophisticated materials for luxury ladies' toiletries, especially wedding dresses.

Such clothes meant good taste, sophistication and high wealth. Sung in the verses of the poets of the Silver Age, moire dresses were a must-have accessory for beauties of the Art Deco era, and moire headbands were considered the most beautiful and rich.

Over time, clothing made from this material began to appear relatively rarely. However, until now beautiful fabric, allowing for sufficient simple cut demonstrate constantly changing optical effects, widely used by designers when creating ballroom and wedding dresses, creative models in retro or op art style.

Another area of use for iridescent fabrics is various curtains and drapes, which look very impressive both in sunlight and in artificial light.

Varieties, properties, care

The types of moire fabric have not changed since its creation. There are only two of them:

You can use it to create models of dresses and curtains of any cut, but the most advantageous color transitions look on a fairly large smooth surface without structural seams.

In order for moire products to please the eye for a long time, they need careful care:

Review Moire fabric - varieties, properties, clothing care.

Along with silk, velvet, satin and brocade, the hero of our today’s article rightfully takes its place among materials associated with luxury and wealth. Moire fabric is one of the most elegant fabrics; its exquisite shine and almost holographic patterns have served as inspiration for many artists and poets.

Photos close up:

Description and history

How can you describe moire? The main difference between moire is its special pattern, similar to wood layers or waves. The unusual nature of moire even gave rise to the term “moire effect.” And the name itself - “moiret” - translated from French means “creating waves”. And this definition fully gives an idea of the “moire effect”.

Initially, moire fabric was silk; this fabric began to be produced in France at the end of the 18th century. At that time, the material personified luxury and was available only to the richest people. Luxurious ladies' and men's toilets were made from moire fabric, Wedding Dresses. And the moire ribbon, in itself, was considered a badge of honor that was worn on the chest.

To tell everything about moire, you would need a whole book - this material has such a rich history.

In the photo - moiré fabric:

So what is moiré material? This is a plain weave fabric, which is created from silk, cotton or synthetic threads. The thickness of the moire and its density can be different, but the canvas is always monochromatic.

How is a moire pattern created on fabric? The fabric undergoes a calendering procedure - treatment with highly heated cylinders, which compress the weft threads and move them to the side. This deformation creates the effect of light refraction, and the displacement creates exquisite patterns.

You can purchase material consisting of polyester at a price of 800 rubles. The cost of material made from natural fiber starts from 3,500 rubles.

Compound

Previously, the material was made either entirely from silk, or from silk thread in the warp, and cotton thread in the weft.

With the development of the textile industry and the invention of synthetic fiber, polyester appeared in the composition of the material, as well as acetate and viscose - fibers based on wood cellulose.

Kinds

Actually, there are only two types:

Grimoire. Dense material with fine optical patterns and bright tints.
Moiret antique. Thin material with voluminous large shimmers

Velvet moire

Perhaps we’ll add a few words about the velvet-moiré fabric. This is a material that is visually similar to the hero of our article, but has nothing in common with it in terms of production method. In the description of velvet-moire fabric you will find the same moire patterns, but they do not appear on the fabric using the calendering method.

So what is velvet moiré fabric? This is a fabric with thick pile, where the pattern is obtained by combining fibers of different colors and lengths.

Find out what helps him to be so beautiful in another article.

Properties

Positive characteristics:

Sophisticated and elegant appearance
The material holds its shape perfectly
Highly durable
Draps well

Flaws:

Difficulties in care
If stored incorrectly, permanent creases form on the fabric, which are then very difficult to get rid of.

Application

Moiré fabric is a classic that will never go out of style. It is still widely used:

Evening dresses and wedding dresses
Concert costumes
As a binding material for luxury gift folios
Curtains, drapes
Marks of Excellence
Furniture upholstery (with the condition that the furniture will not be used every day)

Care

If the material is made of natural silk, and therefore expensive, it is better to entrust the cleaning to professionals
You can care for fabrics of a lower class at home - hand wash in water no more than 30 degrees, do not rub or twist too much
Iron from the wrong side, waiting until the product is completely dry
Store hung or carefully folded
If creases have formed as a result of storage, the product should be held over steam in in the right places, and then iron it from the inside out

How is original moiré produced?

Unusual in its mysterious tints moire actually very simple. The secret of the fabric is that in the original it is made of threads, and then the canvas is rolled with special rollers, creating the effect of a wave-like ebb at a certain angle, shimmering and not repeating in its lines. A more accurate name when performed with rollers is gromoire.

Simplified version moire fabrics, called antique, is produced by a special weaving of threads. In the canvas it looks like a stamped pattern, and always gives a monochromatic, repeating cast. Regardless of the manufacturing method, the material looks expensive, elegant and sophisticated. That is why evening dresses, suits and even order ribbons of the nobility were previously sewn using moire or decorated with it.

What does fabric look like today?

In modern times, the material has become more widely used, thanks to the replacement of natural silk fibers with synthetic and artificial ones. Now you can see in the composition of the fabric - in general, all those threads that go into production. Such combinations are now actively used in interiors, as home textiles or curtains. Designers love to work with moire fabric, decorating walls with it. Such an interior cannot be called boring, because under the influence of lighting it will change shade, giving each time a new optical effect of iridescence.

Proper product care

The fabric, which is difficult to care for, can cause a lot of trouble, because it can only be washed in a delicate mode without spinning. It is recommended to dry items and clothes unfolded. Moiré fabric wrinkles very easily, and creases are difficult to iron out. Adding to the complexity is the fact that you cannot wet the fabric for ironing. Water can leave stains on the surface of the fabric that cannot be removed before washing.

Overall, this delightful fabric, giving a shimmering shine, will transform any item or interior. Moire clothing will highlight your impeccable and refined taste and it will become central figure in the overall composition of the wardrobe.

Reading time: 2 minutes

Luxurious moire is well known from the works of outstanding artists of the 18th-19th centuries. These are portraits of reigning persons, military leaders, nobles, many influential and famous people in expensive, iridescent camisoles and dresses with the obligatory moire ribbons of the order. At the beginning of the twentieth century, before the revolution, society ladies and aristocrats dressed in moire. The fabric was brought from France; it was a sign of wealth, high position and good taste.

Composition and production features

Initially, moire was produced from silk or semi-silk. Today it is also made from acetate and polyester fibers. The peculiarity of the material lies in its living surface, shimmering in the rays of light with an exquisite, wave-like pattern. This effect is obtained as a result of calendering the fabric.

In this case, the material is processed by hot engraving cylinders - calenders. They compress and flatten the weft threads, destroy the structure and direct the fibers in the other direction. The creases cause refraction of light and a special, almost holographic pattern, reminiscent of a longitudinal cut of wood. Therefore, when saying what a moiré color is, they do not mean specifically the color, but the pattern that creates this shade.

In addition to the name of moire fabric, it is also defects in images that look like an interference grid or wavy lines.

Types of moire

There are two types of matter.

Antique moire is characterized by large, three-dimensional drawings, ideal for making curtains for high rooms.
Gromoire is the most expensive material obtained from excellent silk. The smaller and clearer the pattern, the brighter the ebb, the more expensive fabric. It was from gromoire that elegant order ribbons, familiar to us from portraits of nobles of Catherine’s era, were made.

Fabric Features

The material is characterized by:

High strength due to the quality of the fibers and dense plain weave.
The products hold their shape well.
Remarkable drape ability.

Areas of use

The models are so textured that they do not require printing. They are produced plain-painted, the most different colors and shades.

Moiré makes luxurious curtains. A complex cut and the presence of a lambrequin are possible. However, the wonderful play of light is also good on products with a laconic cut. The lining and inserts emphasize the beauty of the material.
The fabric is used for decorating rooms and upholstering walls. Sometimes furniture is upholstered with moire, but its pattern is affected strong influence friction and it loses its attractive clarity over time.
From white material they sew wedding dresses and make ribbons for schoolgirls. Colored ones are good evening dresses, smart trousers.

Features of care

Moire items cannot be washed. When using them, they use dry cleaning services.
It is worth noting that if stored improperly, items can form permanent creases. They are eliminated by carefully ironing the fabric from the inside out.

The term " mua" or "moire" denotes a special type decorative finishing the surface of the fabric, originally silk (today relevant for fabrics of any raw material composition) produced in England, Italy, France, and later in Russia. Main feature, which distinguished moiré fabric, there was a wave-like pattern revealed by the reflection of light from a specially created relief on the silk surface. The relief was created in several ways: by strongly pressing calenders with heated rollers (with appropriate preparation of the source material), by beating folded pieces of fabric with special checkmarks (beaters), and also by engraving.

Curtains with a clear mesh structure, folded several times, will give some idea of the root causes of the moire pattern: a periodic mesh pattern, when applied with the same one with a slight offset, forms gaps that are as clear as the even lines of the mesh. The result is a bizarre ornament that is attractive due to unexpected transformations of wavy lines. The decorative effect of moire is especially clearly visible on a single-color basis: light ones with a moire pattern will be just as effective as, for example, dark ones. The ripples of a printed or woven design distract from the distinctive lines of moire. The strength of the fabric depends on the method of weaving the threads; the moire effect is possible for woven materials of any weave. But the clearest and most effective moiré pattern is on plain weave fabric. The silk base - natural or artificial - provides a play of light and shadow.

Unfortunately, the decorative effect formed by mechanical action on the structure has a negative impact on strength, which limits the scope of application. Moire fabrics could not be used as upholstery; they were used for sewing interior textiles, decorating walls, creating jewelry and complementing ladies' outfits. In Italian manufactories of the 16th century, to obtain a fancy wave pattern, small folds were first made on silk fabric; when calendering, different pressures were applied to individual sections. Certain areas of the fabric with significant pressure applied to them acquired greater smoothness, and therefore became polished. The contrast of different textures was ultimately revealed by a moire pattern shimmering in the light.

Folded together pieces of silk, passed simultaneously through the calender rollers, due to uneven compression of thread systems located differently relative to each other, after finishing acquired a fine moiré pattern, because some threads, due to pressure, turned out to be smoother and flatter than others. Large moire was obtained by beating pieces of fabric in a bundle with special beaters, as well as passing through a calender with an engraved pattern. By changing shafts with different engraving patterns, it was possible to obtain material with an extremely impressive relief moire.

Tapestry bedspread