Essay "the problem of household waste". Ecological problems

Kozlenko Alexey

EARTH IS OUR HOME!

Each person has the ability to perceive his environment. From the first days of his life, he sees life around him and perceives not only good, but also bad. Nature has a positive effect on him. A clean environment has a positive effect on the health of all mankind. But a person learns not only to perceive the world but also to preserve its original beauty. Each person must understand that to remain indifferent when nature is polluted means to spoil one's own life.

In our lives, we often do not notice that we harm the environment in some way. Sometimes we just do it automatically. A person must always be responsible for his actions, and here we leave a lot unanswered.

Plants were the first thing that appeared on our planet. Without them, there would be no life, no people. So why do people so carelessly destroy them? Do they really not understand that by doing this they harm not only the planet, but also themselves?! We must not forget that plants are the lungs of our planet, and no one can live without lungs. It is they who endow us with the most important wealth - air. In ecosystems, plants are an indispensable element. And despite this, every year hundreds of forest and steppe fires destroy vegetation. Often this happens through the fault of a person. In addition, people pollute both the air and the soil.

Because of the atmosphere - the air shell of the Earth - our planet is called blue. From

space, she looks so fantastically beautiful. Not on any planet solar system there is no such air environment as on Earth. The atmosphere consists of ozone, carbon dioxide and only one percent of all other gases.

With the development of industry and the advent of new technologies, emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere are increasing. Each time their number in the atmosphere grows. This leads to the formation of a greenhouse effect, which means it harms the planet and threatens to extinction for all mankind.

Water is also polluted with various pesticides. From this, fish and various aquatic animals die, the ecosystem of rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans is disrupted. The soil is polluted with household waste. In all cities, even in small villages, there are dumps of unnecessary garbage that are not cleaned. Many people don't respond to it. Who will take care of our planet, if not ourselves? And I believe that we need to take an active part in the protection and protection of everything that nature gives us.

This is how we children see the world. And not all of us are indifferent to the above problems. Let's protect our common planet together and remember that the Earth is our home!

In every branch, in every leaf,

Even in the most distant star

In a field unsightly flower -

Everywhere I see life on Earth.

This life in bright sunshine

In the blue talking stream,

And on our happy planet

We meet her everywhere.

We see everything with our own eyes

Can't live without nature!

And we need to protect it with you,

No one can destroy!

I want the air to be clean

Blue water in the river

So that everything in the world is radiant,

May the sun always shine!

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EARTH IS OUR HOME!

Each person has the ability to perceive his environment. From the first days of his life, he sees life around him and perceives not only good, but also bad. Nature has a positive effect on him. A clean environment has a positive effect on the health of all mankind. But a person learns not only to perceive the world around him, but also to preserve its original beauty. Each person must understand that to remain indifferent when nature is polluted means to spoil one's own life.

Because of the atmosphere - the air shell of the Earth - our planet is called blue. From

space, she looks so fantastically beautiful. No other planet in the solar system has such an air environment as on Earth. The atmosphere consists of ozone, carbon dioxide and only one percent of all other gases.

This is how we children see the world. And not all of us are indifferent to the above problems. Let's protect our common planet together and remember that the Earth is our home!

In every branch, in every leaf,

Even in the most distant star

In a field unsightly flower -

Everywhere I see life on Earth.

This life in bright sunshine

In the blue talking stream,

And on our happy planet

We meet her everywhere.

We see everything with our own eyes

Can't live without nature!

And we need to protect it with you,

No one can destroy!

I want the air to be clean

Blue water in the river

So that everything in the world is radiant,

May the sun always shine!

1. Why environmental problems are among the priorities in international cooperation.

Ecology is a recent word, made up of two Greek words: "oikos" - home, homeland and "logos" - meaning. It is believed that ecology is predominantly a biological science, but it is not only nature, but also the habitat, thanks to which a person lives in nature - houses, villages, cities, streets, etc.

Social ecology considers the problems of the relationship between man and the environment.

The state of the natural environment surrounding man is one of the most pressing global problems of our time. Under the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution, the scale of the impact of human activity on the natural environment has increased unusually and continues to grow rapidly. In a number of cases, they reach a global change and are comparable to the global scale of many natural processes or even exceed them.

Today, with the power of our minds, we have pushed back the pressure of external conditions. Human pressure on the earth has grown disproportionately stronger than the population on Earth has grown. Today it has become obvious that at least 1 biological species on Earth is dying every day. This a natural phenomenon, is directly related to the environment. biological balance - necessary condition for us: it is our microflora, the habitat that we have in the air and water.

Ecological changes are felt many years later, after the mechanisms that come into play become irreversible. Mankind first creates irreversible mechanisms of environmental destruction without noticing it, and only after some time, receiving the fruits of their activities, they would like to stop, but this is no longer possible.

Harmful industrial waste, pesticides, excess fertilizers, radioactive substances, overheated water from power plants and other wastes have been introduced into the biosphere. economic activity human society. In terms of composition (many synthetic materials) and the total volume of these wastes cannot be naturally recycled and enter the further circulation of substances. They become sources of pollution of the biosphere, preventing self-healing. natural conditions and renewal of resources.

The importance and severity of this problem are determined by the process of ever-increasing depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution, which becomes an obstacle to the development of productive forces. On the background rapid growth population of the planet, this process is of great concern. It can disrupt or even interrupt the normal course of life on earth and the existence of the planet itself.

At the same time, the problem of nature protection and environmental pollution is becoming more and more not only a natural science problem, but also an acute social and political problem.

2. Ecological situation in the world, Russia, Nevsky region.

Environmental pollution is becoming a real scourge in economically developed countries. The air of cities and towns is poisoned by poisons, in particular lead. Many lakes and rivers are biologically half-dead. Megacities, literally littered with rubbish, garbage, garbage, from which it is impossible to get rid of, suffer from crowding, epidemics.

The global problems of the atmosphere include a possible decrease in the concentration of oxygen and ozone in it. Such a decrease occurs due to an increase in their consumption during fuel combustion and for the oxidation of anthropogenic compounds of nitrogen, sulfur, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, etc.

The general modern level of technogenic pollution of the atmosphere reaches about 1 billion tons of aerosols and gas emissions and 300-350 million tons of dust. It should also be taken into account that the level of pollution is gradually increasing, and the bulk of pollutants are concentrated in the lower layers of the atmosphere, concentrating in areas where industry and transport are concentrated. Given this circumstance, it creates real threat normal functioning of ecosystems and human health. The main sources of air pollution are industrial, transport and domestic emissions.

Emission of harmful metals and their migration to land (thousand tons per year):

The most dangerous pollution of the atmosphere and the entire environment is radioactive. It is known that in the early 1960s, the background of artificial radioactivity caused by nuclear weapons tests reached an alarming level. The dire consequences are already showing.

To generate electricity, designers of nuclear reactors create enough reliable protection from the release of radioactive elements into environment. However, the problem of disposal of radioactive waste is still not solved.

The scale of pollution can be judged by the following indicators. More than 5% of transported oil is discharged into the World Ocean - approximately 10 million tons per year.

In Russia, the environmental situation also leaves much to be desired. Russia is the largest exporter of ferrous metallurgy products. This is a "dirty" production, so environmental problems at enterprises of this kind should be given Special attention. Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Novotroitsk, Novokuznetsk are among the dirtiest cities in Russia. Also in regions with such enterprises there is a problem drinking water, because production at these enterprises is water-intensive.

Navigable rivers are heavily polluted, such as the Neva, Lena, Ob, Yenisei, etc.

There is a complex violation of the state of the land in connection with the intensive extraction of mineral resources. exhaustion largest deposits.

Radioactive contamination in the territories of Novaya Zemlya (due to the testing of nuclear weapons), the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Deforestation due to deforestation, poaching and forest fires.

Depletion of chernozem soils due to irrational use and lack of comprehensive reclamation.

Poaching in the Pacific and other regions of the country.

Outdated technologies do not allow us to fully solve environmental problems in our country.

For St. Petersburg with its multi-million population, developed industry with a considerable amount of transport great importance have environmental problems. These problems include pollution of the city by household and industrial waste, not careful attitude to green spaces and wildlife, fish resources, to the protection and use of land and water resources that cause air pollution. Environmental problems in the Nevsky Territory have existed for more than one year, they are present in all sectors of the national economy, and affect all elements of the natural complex.

Of paramount importance are environmental problems in the use of water resources: insufficient construction of treatment facilities that prevent water pollution throughout the Ladoga - Neva - Neva Bay system, water protection zones in the eastern (most polluted) part of the Gulf of Finland are not created, and there is no cessation of discharge of polluted industrial and domestic waste into open water bodies. The amount of industrial effluent must be reduced by application in the factories and factories of the city and Leningrad region defense water supply systems, the introduction of low-water and anhydrous technologies. heavy pollution waters in the Neva Bay and in the Neva lead to a deterioration in the health of the city's population. There is a catastrophic lack of systems for receiving waste from ship tanks, and the removal of oily - oil stains from the water surface is also not always performed.

However, environmental problems are relevant not only in the city, but also in the region, where, first of all, it is necessary to establish control over correct use V agriculture fertilizers and pesticides, for drainage measures. The state of the air atmosphere also raises serious concerns, here measures are needed to neutralize exhaust gases: proper operation and adjustment of car engines (this way you can reduce the level of exhaust gases by 1/3), the introduction of new engines running on diesel fuel and gas. The volume of gas emissions by motor vehicles can also be reduced if transit cargo flows are moved outside the city limits, which are currently still very large. To purify the air in the city, environmental measures are no less important in industry: full equipment of enterprises with gas and dust removal installations (at the moment, only a few enterprises have such installations), the elimination of small heating boilers, the closure of industries that are harmful to health, the relocation of enterprises from residential areas to specially designated industrial zones.

Also, an environmental problem in the Nevsky Territory is too narrow a green zone, which needs to be expanded.

3. Ways to solve environmental problems.

The need to solve environmental problems is evident in modern world. In developed countries, the solution of such problems is already for a long time given great attention.

For example, in England, the majority of residents are environmentally responsible and love to help nature. Each family is given two bright containers - blue and red. The British put waste paper in a red container, and all plastic, glass and packaging from various drinks in a blue one. Ordinary garbage - food waste and everything that is not recycled - are put into black bags that can contain from 15-40 kg of garbage. Average family in England, it fills 2-3 such bags a week, then huge pits are dug out at special sites outside the city, into which city garbage is dumped for several years. Since all garbage is organic matter and, when rotting, they produce gas (although very heavy, unsuitable for immediate use), which the British learned to process into a lighter one (gas that can be used). When the pit is filled, it is concreted and holes are drilled, then gas pipes are laid over the entire surface of the layer, where the gas formed during the decay of the waste exits. The gas is collected and sent to processing stations, which subsequently becomes a source of electricity. middle station, built according to this principle, provides energy for about 10 thousand houses. After the foundation pit has exhausted itself, it is filled up and the former landscape is recreated in its place. Almost the entire territory of England has been dug up and carefully restored anew.

Currently, such a production technology is being intensively developed and increasingly used, in which valuable substances are extracted and used from wastewater, as well as a circulating water supply system (repeated water supply system) is implemented. As a result, water consumption and the degree of pollution of wastewater are sharply reduced. Since in the near future it will not be possible to avoid water pollution during its technological use, various types of treatment facilities will continue to be of great importance.

Currently, a number of methods are used for the treatment of polluted wastewater, the most important of which are mechanical (consists in mechanical removal from wastewater of insoluble impurities, for which special facilities are used), chemical (based on the addition of such reagents to wastewater, which, reacting with pollutants, contribute to the precipitation of insoluble colloidal and partially dissolved substances) and biological (consists in the mineralization of organic wastewater pollution using aerobic biochemical processes).

Russia also pays special attention to solving environmental problems. Issues of reforming and developing the water supply and sewerage sector in our country in last years acquire relevance. The main areas of work are: the protection of natural resources, water treatment for food and industrial purposes, water supply, drainage of river flows, treatment of river flows, development of new materials and equipment, machinery and technologies. With Sweden and Finland 10 June 2002 Russian Federation signed agreements on financing the project to complete the construction of the South-Western sewage treatment plant between Sweden, Finland and St. Petersburg.

A radical technological solution to many environmental problems and the preservation of the natural environment is the development and implementation of a new strategy for scientific and technological progress - the creation of cyclic waste-free production systems.

4. Organization " Greenpeace ».

· The history of the creation of the organization.

It all started in 1971, when a group of Canadians from Vancouver, led by Robert Hunters, went to the shores of America. There, on the island of Amchitka, the Americans were preparing nuclear tests. The Canadians did not get to the scene - the boat turned out to be very cunning, but the very fact of the expedition - the protest caused such a powerful public outcry that the preparation of nuclear tests was stopped. People who decided to protect nature realized what a powerful weapon they had in their hands. It was then that Greenpeace was born, and its principles were formed: protest by action, non-violence, independence.

· Organization headquarters.

Today Greenpeace has a branch in almost 30 countries, 4 million supporters around the world who support the organization financially and morally. Greenpeace is a fleet of 6 ships, over 1000 full-time employees coordinating their operations in Amsterdam. Greenpeace has an annual budget of US$160 million.

· Goals and objectives of the organization.

To maintain its independence, the organization does not accept funds from governments and corporations, using only donations from individual supporters and grants from independent foundations. Greenpeace focuses on the most pressing issues modernity: a threat to the diversity of species of living beings and environmental pollution.

Baikalskaya (Goal: preservation of the unique nature of the Baikal region)

Climatic (Goal: combating the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere)

Lesnaya (Goal: conservation of forests and cessation of barbaric forest exploitation)

- Marine (Goal: anti-poaching, prohibition of whale fishing)

Oil (Goal: fight against oil spills and gas leaks)

Nuclear (Goal: prevent Russia from becoming a radioactive dump)

Greenpeace opposes nuclear testing, pollution of the environment by industrial and other waste, and advocates for nature. The ideology of Greenpeace is to keep up with catastrophes anywhere in the world.

· Specific examples activities.

On August 22, 1996, in the city of Baikalsk, 14 Greenpeace workers from Russia, Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands and Great Britain arrived at the territory of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill. At 6.00 in the morning a group of 10 people entered the territory of the pulp and paper mill past the sleeping guards, blocked the approach to two pipes, climbed to an eighty-meter height, hung out a poster with the inscription "Save Baikal". At this time, three more went to the square in front of the plant and unfurled a poster "Don't kill Baikal." The action lasted 12 hours and attracted public attention.

In December 1996, at the entrance to the city of Dzerzhinsk, the Greenpeace deployed huge poster"This is an ecological disaster zone." In Dzerzhinsk, acid was produced for explosives and chemical weapons. This production had a strong impact on the environment. As a result, men died at an average of 42 years, women - at 47, when studying the soil, it turned out that the concentration of the strongest poisons in it - deoxins, exceeds the Russian safety standard by 1880 times. The pond located near the chemical plants was also heavily polluted. If a person drank a liter of water from this pond, he would die on the spot. Greenpeace demanded that the government give Dzerzhinsk the status of an "ecological disaster zone". To begin with, the main thing was done - the information blockade about the troubles of the city of chemistry was broken, now people are talking openly about its problems.

Greenpeace's most famous campaign is the "Rainbow warrior" campaign in 1985. to the Mururoa atoll, where France conducted nuclear tests. The Greenpeace ship did not return from that trip.

Greenpeace for a quarter of a century of existence has achieved that:

European Community banned the import of skins of seals (baby seals): a film taken by Greenpeace off the eastern coast of Canada, at the site of a massacre, shocked people.

An international ban has been established on the use of many kilometers of drifting nets in fishing, destroying millions of living creatures.

- The countries participating in the Antarctic Treaty signed an agreement on a 50-year moratorium on the development of the mineral resources of the only continent seriously untouched by human activity.

The International Whale Commission commercial fishing after a 10-year campaign to save the whales, during which the Greenpeace, chasing the whalers, more than once stood between the harpoon and the whales.

All-Russian environmental action "Let's do it together"

Competition "The best essay on the topic of ecology"

Essay on the topic of:

"The problem of household waste"

MBOU "Uchkhoz secondary school"

Krasnoslobodsky district

Republic of Mordovia

Filimonova Angelina

Head: biology teacher

Andina Natalya Dmitrievna

With. Old Sindrovo, 2015

Essay on an ecological theme.

From the point of view of an ecologist, the world is an inseparable unity of living and inanimate nature, nature and man. Nature is a "cradle" for man, which he turns into a dirty "shed". As a result of human activities, environmental problems have arisen on our planet. An environmental problem is a dangerous change in the world around us under the influence of man.

The problem I want to touch on is called the "Trash Problem". Today, every family throws out a bucket of household waste almost every day. Statistics have calculated that in one year there is almost one ton of garbage per inhabitant of a large city. In one of the countries of Europe, scientists have calculated that if all the garbage that is generated daily in the country is poured into one mountain, then it will take almost three million cars to remove this mountain.

In America, the landfill is 25 meters taller than the Statue of Liberty, which is 118 meters. This information took me by surprise.

I take this environmental issue seriously. It becomes sad when I hear the ridicule of my peers, at the request to pick up the abandoned garbage, many of them consider it humiliating. And few of them think about nature, about the environment, throwing away an empty bottle, plastic bag and other garbage. This speaks of the insufficient ecological culture of our generation. I consider it very useful to hold the All-Russian environmental action"Let's do it together." After the environmental lesson, my classmates and I were in a state of shock from the photos of grandiose landfills, we were impressed by the numbers reflecting the period of decomposition plastic bottle, aluminum cans.

Undoubtedly, the problem of household waste has become global! If each of us, represented by all of humanity, does not actively fight against household waste, then our planet will perish. Non-utilized household waste pollutes natural landscapes, turns river banks and meadows into disgusting garbage dumps. Of course, differentiated storage of garbage in different containers can partly reduce such severe pressure on nature, so that this garbage can be sent to recycling. So far, this is available only in large cities, but this should be strived for everywhere.

Thus, I want to conclude: it is good that people have realized that nature is under the threat of a garbage blockage. I am grateful to the organizers of the environmental campaign, the events within its framework are very useful for us schoolchildren, since I consider it very important to educate children in a child from an early age. ecological culture behavior. The future of our planet depends on each of us!

Essay on the topic "Environmental problems of our time"

The development of mankind and the progress of science and technology today do not go smoothly. It does not happen so far that people have comfort and convenience without problems. And the most important issues that accompany our development are environmental troubles. That is, events that occur in the natural environment around us.

First and most serious problem ecology today is the pollution of water, air and soil by industrial waste. Nice to eat with a spoon of stainless steel, but in order to smelt these spoons, a factory without treatment facilities operates in some Chinese city. The smog of this plant covers a city of one million every other day, and residents put protective respirators on their faces.

The second serious problem on Earth is the depletion of the ozone layer and global warming, which leads to floods and natural disasters. Scientists again see the reason for this in the constant burning of fuel by mankind - oil, coal and gas for their needs. One metallurgical plant, for example, is able to change the climate in the locality where it is located, because every day it “heats” the atmosphere and releases gases into it, which creates a mini-greenhouse on the Earth on a space scale.

Among the environmental problems of our time is also the mass extinction of animal and plant species. It is also important to include the threat of large-scale man-made disasters. After the famous disaster at a chemical plant in Bhopal, India, which claimed thousands of lives, the press wrote that each employee of the ill-fated plant actually fed several unemployed adult residents of the city with their earnings. The inhabitants of Bhopal therefore treated the work of the plant with great respect and even reverence. They would not agree to the closure of dangerous production, because otherwise they would have nothing to live on.

Environmental problems are solvable, and they are solved by replacing technologies, modernizing them, improving production methods for cleaner and safer ones. This is where scientists come to the rescue. Why don't people solve environmental problems together? So far, developing (or is it worth using the word “backward”?) countries endure production that is harmful to everyone around because of the small salary with which the worker of this production seeks to save his family from starvation. The main profits end up in the hands of owners who are focused on enrichment, and rarely see the economic benefit in making production environmentally friendly. Usually, only the threat of a large government fine for environmental pollution can force the owner of a plant or factory to renovate it.

1. Introduction

2. Man and nature

3. Nature is not an empty phrase.

Man, as his capabilities expanded - successes and breakthroughs in science, began to consider himself the king of nature. Of course, this is not megalomania, but nature cannot be ignored. After all, nature in relation to a person is not a subordinate of the boss, but his neighbor in a common house.

The expansion of cities and the growth of the urban population is damaging the stability of the original nature. The growth of the planet's population is forcing us to exhaust an increasing number of resources. Nature is like a mother to us, and in vain we are predatory about its riches. Plants and animals are now perceived by people as a commodity for consumption. But this recognition is a gross mistake - they are the same inhabitants of the planet as we are.

We are destroying the habitat of many unique animal species, often without considering the consequences. Deforestation damages the entire ecological system. The transformation of a forest into a desert increases soil erosion, and trees hold back this process with their roots. In addition, trees are not in vain considered the lungs of the earth: they produce oxygen, thereby purifying the air, and create a sustainable carbon cycle on the planet.

The growth of cars also has a negative impact on nature. Many of them run on gasoline, which releases carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect. And this is the cause of global warming. The climate is changing, and the nature of the Arctic is being irreparably damaged. The oceans are heavily polluted, its inhabitants are dying and we are losing animal species. If we want to preserve the beauty of the world, we must take urgent measures to protect the environment so that it does not disappear from us forever ...

Currently environmental organizations carry out educational activities among people so that we know how important problems related to nature are for us. By informing, they also help to save the environment. In general, each of us can help preserve the environment. Planting trees and greening cities is one of the most famous activities. Cleaning up territories from garbage is the same event where we can help nature. It is better not to turn on the light and gas unnecessarily - this way you can help save the environment. Not using cars and switching to bicycles is also a way to protect yourself. Do not break trees and do not pick flowers, do not throw garbage. If each of us stops doing this, nature will be much better off.

Finally, the whole world must understand that it is necessary to switch to clean technologies. You can build wind or solar power plants, use natural gas instead of gasoline as fuel for cars. But it is best to discuss environmental issues with friends. So people will know what can be bad for the environment. And helping to protect it is the responsibility of each of us.